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Dallera CA, Placeres-Uray F, Mastromatteo-Alberga P, Dominguez-Torres M, Balleste AF, Gorthy AS, Rahimzadeh TS, Aliancin I, Dietrich WD, Pablo de Rivero Vaccari J, Jacobs IC, Chlipala EA, Benton H, Zeligs MA, Atkins CM. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane improves pathology and neurological outcome following traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics 2025; 22:e00531. [PMID: 39909809 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a naturally occurring bis-indole found in cruciferous vegetables and produced in small amounts in the normal flora of the human gut, has demonstrated neuroprotective benefits in models of CNS hypoxia and stroke. In the CNS, DIM modulates the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and inhibits its pro-inflammatory effects. Although capable of crossing the blood brain barrier, DIM's bioavailability is limited by its low solubility. Dispersed BR4044 provides a nanoscale high-solubility DIM suspension with the potential for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study aimed to determine whether BR4044 treatment could reduce pathology and improve behavioral recovery following moderate TBI. Male Sprague Dawley rats received moderate fluid percussion injury or sham surgery followed by vehicle or BR4044 treatment in the acute recovery period. TBI BR4044 animals showed significantly reduced cortical and hippocampal edema and lower levels of serum-derived extracellular vesicles compared to TBI Vehicle animals. BR4044 treatment of TBI animals preserved sensorimotor function and associative fear memory. Cortical contusion size and neuronal loss in the parietal cortex and CA3 region of the hippocampus were also significantly reduced with BR4044 treatment. BR4044 also decreased microbleeding and nuclear AhR at the contusion site. This translational study demonstrates that BR4044 ameliorates pathology and improves neurological outcomes following TBI by reducing brain edema, lowering acute extracellular vesicle release, modulating AhR, preserving cortical and hippocampal neurons, reducing red blood cell (RBC) extravasation into the injured brain, and promoting behavioral recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Dallera
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fabiola Placeres-Uray
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patrizzia Mastromatteo-Alberga
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria Dominguez-Torres
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alyssa F Balleste
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aditi S Gorthy
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tyler S Rahimzadeh
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isabelle Aliancin
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Coleen M Atkins
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, USA.
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Rajendran RL, Gangadaran P, Ghosh S, Nagarajan AK, Batabyal R, Ahn BC. Unlocking the secrets of single extracellular vesicles by cutting-edge technologies. Pathol Res Pract 2025; 269:155878. [PMID: 40024075 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2025.155878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), isolated through techniques such as liquid biopsy, have emerged as crucial biomarkers in various diseases, including cancer. EVs were dismissed initially as cellular debris, EVs are now recognized for their role in intercellular communication, carrying proteins, RNAs, and other molecules between cells. Their stability in biofluids and ability to mirror their parent cells' molecular composition make them attractive candidates for non-invasive diagnostics. EVs, including microvesicles and exosomes, contribute to immune modulation and cancer progression, presenting both therapeutic challenges and opportunities. However, despite advances in analytical techniques like high-resolution microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), standardization in EV isolation and characterization remains a hurdle. Cutting-edge technologies, such as atomic force microscopy and Raman tweezers microspectroscopy, have enhanced our understanding of single EVs, yet issues like low throughput and high technical complexity limit their widespread application. Other technologies like transmission electron microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, single-molecule localization microscopy, tunable resistive pulse sensing, single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor, flow cytometry, droplet digital analysis, total internal reflection fluorescence also contribute to EV analysis. Future research must focus on improving detection methods, developing novel analytical platforms, and integrating artificial intelligence to enhance the specificity of EV characterization. The future of EV research holds promise for breakthroughs in precision medicine, with a collaborative effort needed to translate these advancements into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhrojyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - ArulJothi Kandasamy Nagarajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - Rijula Batabyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata 700 107, India
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Chen Y, Liu X, Yan M, Wan Y. Death risk prediction model for patients with non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2025; 25:35. [PMID: 39844133 PMCID: PMC11755980 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-025-02865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the risk of death from non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using a machine learning model. METHODS 1274 ICH patients who met the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively in the MIMIC IV 3.0 database. Patients were randomly divided into training, validation, and testing datasets in a ratio of 6:2:2 based on the outcome distribution. Data from the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University were used as an external validation set. This study used LASSO regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis to screen for features. We then employed XGBoost to construct a machine-learning model. The model's performance was evaluated using ROC curve analysis, calibration curve analysis, clinical decision curve analysis, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score. Conclusively, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was employed to interpret the model's predictions. RESULTS Deaths occurred in 572 out of the 1274 ICH cases included in the study, resulting in an incidence rate of 44.9%. The XGBoost model achieved a high AUC when predicting deaths in ICH patients (train: 0.814, 95%CI: 0.784 - 0.844; validation: 0.715, 95%CI: 0.653 - 0.777; test: 0.797, 95%CI: 0.743 - 0.851). The importance of SHAP variables in the model ranked from high to low was: 'GCS motor', 'Age', 'GCS eyes', 'Low density lipoprotein (LDL)', ' Albumin', ' Atrial fibrillation', and 'Gender'. The XGBoost model demonstrated good predictive performance in both the validation and external validation datasets. CONCLUSIONS The XGBoost machine learning model we built has demonstrated strong performance in predicting the risk of death from ICH. Furthermore, the SHAP provides the possibility of interpreting machine learning results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Chen
- Jianghan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingmin Yan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, Wuhan, 430033, China.
| | - Yue Wan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, Wuhan, 430033, China.
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4
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Liang S, Hu Z. Unveiling the predictive power of biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: A narrative review focused on clinical outcomes. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2024. [PMID: 39687991 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long-term consequences, including neurodegenerative disease risk. Current diagnostic tools are limited in detecting subtle brain damage. This review explores emerging biomarkers for TBI, including those related to neuronal injury, inflammation, EVs, and ncRNAs, evaluating their potential to predict clinical outcomes like mortality, recovery, and cognitive impairment. It addresses challenges and opportunities for implementing biomarkers in clinical practice, aiming to improve TBI diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitao Liang
- Neurosurgery Department, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Zihui Hu
- Neurosurgery Department, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528400, China
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Shanmugam I, Radhakrishnan S, Santosh S, Ramnath A, Anil M, Devarajan Y, Maheswaran S, Narayanan V, Pitchaimani A. Emerging role and translational potential of small extracellular vesicles in neuroscience. Life Sci 2024; 355:122987. [PMID: 39151884 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are endogenous lipid-bound membrane vesicles secreted by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells into the extracellular environment, performs several biological functions such as cell-cell communication, transfer of proteins, mRNA, and ncRNA to target cells in distant sites. Due to their role in molecular pathogenesis and its potential to deliver biological cargo to target cells, it has become a prominent area of interest in recent research in the field of Neuroscience. However, their role in neurological disorders, like neurodegenerative diseases is more complex and still unaddressed. Thus, this review focuses on the role of sEV in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases, including their biogenesis, classification, and pathogenesis, with translational advantages and limitations in the area of neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswarya Shanmugam
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam Rd, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sivani Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam Rd, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Shradha Santosh
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam Rd, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Akansha Ramnath
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam Rd, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Meghna Anil
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam Rd, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Yogesh Devarajan
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam Rd, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Saravanakumar Maheswaran
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam Rd, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Vaibav Narayanan
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam Rd, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Arunkumar Pitchaimani
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam Rd, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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6
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Choi HK, Chen M, Goldston LL, Lee KB. Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:19. [PMID: 38739358 PMCID: PMC11091041 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders represent a profound public health challenge that affects millions of people around the world. Diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) exemplify the complexities and diversities that complicate their early detection and the development of effective treatments. Amid these challenges, the emergence of nanotechnology and extracellular vesicles (EVs) signals a new dawn for treating and diagnosing CNS ailments. EVs are cellularly derived lipid bilayer nanosized particles that are pivotal in intercellular communication within the CNS and have the potential to revolutionize targeted therapeutic delivery and the identification of novel biomarkers. Integrating EVs with nanotechnology amplifies their diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, opening new avenues for managing CNS diseases. This review focuses on examining the fascinating interplay between EVs and nanotechnology in CNS theranostics. Through highlighting the remarkable advancements and unique methodologies, we aim to offer valuable perspectives on how these approaches can bring about a revolutionary change in disease management. The objective is to harness the distinctive attributes of EVs and nanotechnology to forge personalized, efficient interventions for CNS disorders, thereby providing a beacon of hope for affected individuals. In short, the confluence of EVs and nanotechnology heralds a promising frontier for targeted and impactful treatments against CNS diseases, which continue to pose significant public health challenges. By focusing on personalized and powerful diagnostic and therapeutic methods, we might improve the quality of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Meizi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Li Ling Goldston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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7
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Filannino FM, Panaro MA, Benameur T, Pizzolorusso I, Porro C. Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System: A Novel Mechanism of Neuronal Cell Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1629. [PMID: 38338906 PMCID: PMC10855168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the appropriate development and maintenance of homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system. Extracellular vesicles have recently come to the forefront of neuroscience as novel vehicles for the transfer of complex signals between neuronal cells. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound carriers packed with proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids (including DNA, mRNA, and microRNAs) that contain the elements present in the cell they originate from. Since their discovery, extracellular vesicles have been studied extensively and have opened up new understanding of cell-cell communication; they may cross the blood-brain barrier in a bidirectional way from the bloodstream to the brain parenchyma and vice versa, and play a key role in brain-periphery communication in physiology as well as pathology. Neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system release extracellular vesicles to the interstitial fluid of the brain and spinal cord parenchyma. Extracellular vesicles contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and primary and secondary metabolites. that can be taken up by and modulate the behaviour of neighbouring recipient cells. The functions of extracellular vesicles have been extensively studied in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyse the role extracellular vesicles extracellular vesicles in central nervous system cell communication, with particular emphasis on the contribution of extracellular vesicles from different central nervous system cell types in maintaining or altering central nervous system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ilaria Pizzolorusso
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Mental Health, ASL Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
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8
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Bhattacharya B, Nag S, Mukherjee S, Kulkarni M, Chandane P, Mandal D, Mukerjee N, Mirgh D, Anand K, Adhikari MD, Gorai S, Thorat N. Role of Exosomes in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:44-58. [PMID: 38108852 PMCID: PMC10792609 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process driving cancer metastasis, transforming non-motile cells into a motile population that migrates to distant organs and forms secondary tumors. In recent years, cancer research has revealed a strong connection between exosomes and the EMT. Exosomes, a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles, facilitate cellular communication and dynamically regulate various aspects of cancer metastasis, including immune cell suppression, extracellular matrix remodeling, metastasis initiation, EMT initiation, and organ-specific metastasis. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) and their molecular cargo, comprising proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, are essential components that promote EMT in cancer. TEXs miRNAs play a crucial role in reprogramming the tumor microenvironment, while TEX surface integrins contribute to organ-specific metastasis. Exosome-based cancer metastasis research offers a deeper understanding about cancer and an effective theranostic platform development. Additionally, various therapeutic sources of exosomes are paving the way for innovative cancer treatment development. In this Review, we spotlight the role of exosomes in EMT and their theranostic impact, aiming to inspire cancer researchers worldwide to explore this fascinating field in more innovative ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikramjit Bhattacharya
- Department
of Applied Microbiology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department
of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tiruvalam Road, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Amrita
School of NanoSciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Mrunal Kulkarni
- Department
of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Priti Chandane
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Debashmita Mandal
- Department
of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
University of Technology (MAKAUT), Haringhata, Nadia, West Bengal 741249, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Center
for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
- Department
of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community
and Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales 2770, Australia
| | - Divya Mirgh
- Vaccine
and Immunotherapy Canter, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department
of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Manab Deb Adhikari
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal
Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Rush University Medical
Center, 1620 W. Harrison St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Nanasaheb Thorat
- Limerick
Digital Cancer Research Centre and Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
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Ashique S, Pal R, Sharma H, Mishra N, Garg A. Unraveling the Emerging Niche Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:1357-1370. [PMID: 38351688 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273288155240201065041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles or exosomes, often known as EVs, have acquired significant attention in the investigations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and have a distinct advantage in actively researching the fundamental mechanisms underlying various clinical symptoms and diagnosing the wide range of traumatic brain injury cases. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can produce and release exosomes, which offer therapeutic benefits. Exosomes are tiny membranous vesicles produced by various cellular entities originating from endosomes. Several studies have reported that administering MSC-derived exosomes through intravenous infusions improves neurological recovery and promotes neuroplasticity in rats with traumatic brain damage. The therapeutic advantages of exosomes can be attributed to the microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding regulatory RNAs that significantly impact the regulation of posttranscriptional genes. Exosome-based therapies, which do not involve cells, have lately gained interest as a potential breakthrough in enhancing neuroplasticity and accelerating neurological recovery for various brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. This article explores the benefits and drawbacks of exosome treatment for traumatic brain injury while emphasizing the latest advancements in this field with clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, West Bengal 713378, India
| | - Radheshyam Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, West Bengal 713378, India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad (UP) 244001, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Gwalior 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology, Pharmacy, Jabalpur, M.P. 483001, India
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