1
|
Li Z, Zhao B, Yin D, Wang S, Qiao X, Jiang J, Li Y, Shen J, He Y, Chang X, Li X, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu C, Qi X, Chen L, Chi X, Jiang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Nie W, Ding A. Modeling the Formation of Organic Compounds across Full Volatility Ranges and Their Contribution to Nanoparticle Growth in a Polluted Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1223-1235. [PMID: 38117938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle growth influences atmospheric particles' climatic effects, and it is largely driven by low-volatility organic vapors. However, the magnitude and mechanism of organics' contribution to nanoparticle growth in polluted environments remain unclear because current observations and models cannot capture organics across full volatility ranges or track their formation chemistry. Here, we develop a mechanistic model that characterizes the full volatility spectrum of organic vapors and their contributions to nanoparticle growth by coupling advanced organic oxidation modeling and kinetic gas-particle partitioning. The model is applied to Nanjing, a typical polluted city, and it effectively captures the volatility distribution of low-volatility organics (with saturation vapor concentrations <0.3 μg/m3), thus accurately reproducing growth rates (GRs), with a 4.91% normalized mean bias. Simulations indicate that as particles grow from 4 to 40 nm, the relative fractions of GRs attributable to organics increase from 59 to 86%, with the remaining contribution from H2SO4 and its clusters. Aromatics contribute much to condensable organic vapors (∼37%), especially low-volatility vapors (∼61%), thus contributing the most to GRs (32-46%) as 4-40 nm particles grow. Alkanes also contribute 19-35% of GRs, while biogenic volatile organic compounds contribute minimally (<13%). Our model helps assess the climatic impacts of particles and predict future changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dejia Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiewen Shen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yicong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xing Chang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Transport Pollution Control and Monitoring Technology, Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liangduo Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuguang Chi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ye C, Liu Y, Yuan B, Wang Z, Lin Y, Hu W, Chen W, Li T, Song W, Wang X, Lv D, Gu D, Shao M. Low-NO-like Oxidation Pathway Makes a Significant Contribution to Secondary Organic Aerosol in Polluted Urban Air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13912-13924. [PMID: 37669221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollutants can greatly mediate formation pathways and chemical compositions of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban atmospheres. We investigated the molecular tracers for different types of SOA in PM2.5 under varying NO/NO2 conditions in Guangzhou using source analysis of particle-phase speciated organics obtained from an iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometer with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO-I-CIMS). Results show that low-NO-like pathways (when NO/NO2 < 0.2) explained ∼75% of the total measured FIGAERO-OA during regional transport periods, which was enriched in more-oxidized C4-C6 non-nitrogenous compounds over ozone accumulation. Daytime high-NO chemistry played larger roles (38%) in local pollution episodes, with organic nitrates (ONs) and nitrophenols increasing with enhanced aerosol water content and nitrate fraction. Nighttime NO3-initiated oxidation, characterized by monoterpene-derived ONs, accounted for comparable percentages (10-12%) of FIGAERO-OA for both two periods. Furthermore, the presence of organosulfates (OSs) improves the understanding of the roles of aqueous-phase processes in SOA production. Carbonyl-derived OSs exhibited a preferential formation under conditions of high aerosol acidity and/or abundant sulfate, which correlated well with low-NO-like SOA. Our results demonstrate the importance of NO/NO2 ratios in controlling SOA compositions, as well as interactions between water content, aerosol acidity, and inorganic salts in gas-to-particle partitioning of condensable organics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuo Ye
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKL-ESPC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKL-ESPC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zelong Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tiange Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Daqi Lv
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKL-ESPC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dasa Gu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Min Shao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nie W, Yan C, Yang L, Roldin P, Liu Y, Vogel AL, Molteni U, Stolzenburg D, Finkenzeller H, Amorim A, Bianchi F, Curtius J, Dada L, Draper DC, Duplissy J, Hansel A, He XC, Hofbauer V, Jokinen T, Kim C, Lehtipalo K, Nichman L, Mauldin RL, Makhmutov V, Mentler B, Mizelli-Ojdanic A, Petäjä T, Quéléver LLJ, Schallhart S, Simon M, Tauber C, Tomé A, Volkamer R, Wagner AC, Wagner R, Wang M, Ye P, Li H, Huang W, Qi X, Lou S, Liu T, Chi X, Dommen J, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I, Kirkby J, Worsnop D, Kulmala M, Donahue NM, Ehn M, Ding A. NO at low concentration can enhance the formation of highly oxygenated biogenic molecules in the atmosphere. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3347. [PMID: 37291087 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between nitrogen monoxide (NO) and organic peroxy radicals (RO2) greatly impacts the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM), the key precursors of secondary organic aerosols. It has been thought that HOM production can be significantly suppressed by NO even at low concentrations. Here, we perform dedicated experiments focusing on HOM formation from monoterpenes at low NO concentrations (0 - 82 pptv). We demonstrate that such low NO can enhance HOM production by modulating the RO2 loss and favoring the formation of alkoxy radicals that can continue to autoxidize through isomerization. These insights suggest that HOM yields from typical boreal forest emissions can vary between 2.5%-6.5%, and HOM formation will not be completely inhibited even at high NO concentrations. Our findings challenge the notion that NO monotonically reduces HOM yields by extending the knowledge of RO2-NO interactions to the low-NO regime. This represents a major advance towards an accurate assessment of HOM budgets, especially in low-NO environments, which prevails in the pre-industrial atmosphere, pristine areas, and the upper boundary layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Chao Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liwen Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
- IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SE-211 19, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alexander L Vogel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Ugo Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Antonio Amorim
- CENTRA and FCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Danielle C Draper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute of Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, P.O. Box 27456, Nicosia, CY-1645, Cyprus
| | - Changhyuk Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leonid Nichman
- Flight Research Laboratory, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, ON, Canada
| | - Roy L Mauldin
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53, Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 1A Kerchenskaya st., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Ion Molecule Reactions & Environmental Physics Group Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Mizelli-Ojdanic
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering, FH Technikum Wien - University of Applied Sciences, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauriane L J Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon Schallhart
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Christian Tauber
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - António Tomé
- IDL-Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês D'Ávila e, Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Andrea C Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Penglin Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sijia Lou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tengyu Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuguang Chi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Douglas Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tian L, Huang DD, Li YJ, Yan C, Nie W, Wang Z, Wang Q, Qiao L, Zhou M, Zhu S, Liu Y, Guo Y, Qiao X, Zheng P, Jing S, Lou S, Wang H, Huang C. Enigma of Urban Gaseous Oxygenated Organic Molecules: Precursor Type, Role of NO x, and Degree of Oxygenation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:64-75. [PMID: 36516990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) forms oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs), which contribute to secondary pollution. Herein, we present measurement results of OOMs using chemical ionization mass spectrometry with nitrate as the reagent ion in Shanghai. Compared to those in forests and laboratory studies, OOMs detected at this urban site were of relatively lower degree of oxygenation. This was attributed to the high NOx concentrations (∼44 ppb), which overall showed a suppression on the propagation reactions. As another result, a large fraction of nitrogenous OOMs (75%) was observed, and this fraction further increased to 84% under a high NO/VOC ratio. By applying a novel framework on OOM categorization and supported by VOC measurements, 50 and 32% OOMs were attributed to aromatic and aliphatic precursors, respectively. Furthermore, aromatic OOMs are more oxygenated (effective oxygen number, nOeff = 4-6) than aliphatic ones (nOeff = 3-4), which can be partly explained by the difference in initiation mechanisms and points to possible discrimination in termination reactions. This study highlights the roles of NOx in OOM formation in urban areas, as well as the formation of nitrogenous products that might show discrimination between aromatic and aliphatic VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Tian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, Taipa 999078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dan Dan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yong Jie Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, Taipa 999078, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Liping Qiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shuhui Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yishuo Guo
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Penggang Zheng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Sheng'ao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao Y, Yao M, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang S, Li C, Xiao H. Acylperoxy Radicals as Key Intermediates in the Formation of Dimeric Compounds in α-Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14249-14261. [PMID: 36178682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High molecular weight dimeric compounds constitute a significant fraction of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and have profound impacts on the properties and lifecycle of particles in the atmosphere. Although different formation mechanisms involving reactive intermediates and/or closed-shell monomeric species have been proposed for the particle-phase dimers, their relative importance remains in debate. Here, we report unambiguous experimental evidence of the important role of acyl organic peroxy radicals (RO2) and a small but non-negligible contribution from stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCIs) in the formation of particle-phase dimers during ozonolysis of α-pinene, one of the most important precursors for biogenic SOA. Specifically, we find that acyl RO2-involved reactions explain 50-80% of total oxygenated dimer signals (C15-C20, O/C ≥ 0.4) and 20-30% of the total less oxygenated (O/C < 0.4) dimer signals. In particular, they contribute to 70% of C15-C19 dimer ester formation, likely mainly via the decarboxylation of diacyl peroxides arising from acyl RO2 cross-reactions. In comparison, SCIs play a minor role in the formation of C15-C19 dimer esters but react noticeably with the most abundant C9 and C10 carboxylic acids and/or carbonyl products to form C19 and C20 dimeric peroxides, which are prone to particle-phase transformation to form more stable dimers without the peroxide functionality. This work provides a clearer view of the formation pathways of particle-phase dimers from α-pinene oxidation and would help reduce the uncertainties in future atmospheric modeling of the budget, properties, and health and climate impacts of SOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen T, Zhang P, Ma Q, Chu B, Liu J, Ge Y, He H. Smog Chamber Study on the Role of NO x in SOA and O 3 Formation from Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13654-13663. [PMID: 36136046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
China is facing dual pressures to reduce both PM2.5 and O3 pollution, the crucial precursors of which are NOx and VOCs. In our study, the role of NOx in both secondary organic aerosol (SOA, the important constituent of PM2.5) and O3 formation was examined in our 30 m3 indoor smog chamber. As revealed in the present study, the NOx level can obviously affect the OH concentration and volatility distribution of gas-phase oxidation products and thus O3 and SOA formation. Reducing the NOx concentration to the NOx-sensitive regime can inhibit O3 formation (by 42%), resulting in the reduction of oxidation capacity, which suppresses the SOA formation (by 45%) by inhibiting the formation of O- and N-containing gas-phase oxidation products with low volatility. The contribution of these oxidation products to the formation of SOA was also estimated, and the results could substantially support the trend of SOA yield with NOx at different VOC levels. The atmospheric implications of NOx in the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanli Ge
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li X, Li Y, Cai R, Yan C, Qiao X, Guo Y, Deng C, Yin R, Chen Y, Li Y, Yao L, Sarnela N, Zhang Y, Petäjä T, Bianchi F, Liu Y, Kulmala M, Hao J, Smith JN, Jiang J. Insufficient Condensable Organic Vapors Lead to Slow Growth of New Particles in an Urban Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9936-9946. [PMID: 35749221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric new particle formation significantly affects global climate and air quality after newly formed particles grow above ∼50 nm. In polluted urban atmospheres with 1-3 orders of magnitude higher new particle formation rates than those in clean atmospheres, particle growth rates are comparable or even lower for reasons that were previously unclear. Here, we address the slow growth in urban Beijing with advanced measurements of the size-resolved molecular composition of nanoparticles using the thermal desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometer and the gas precursors using the nitrate CI-APi-ToF. A particle growth model combining condensational growth and particle-phase acid-base chemistry was developed to explore the growth mechanisms. The composition of 8-40 nm particles during new particle formation events in urban Beijing is dominated by organics (∼80%) and sulfate (∼13%), and the remainder is from base compounds, nitrate, and chloride. With the increase in particle sizes, the fraction of sulfate decreases, while that of the slow-desorbed organics, organic acids, and nitrate increases. The simulated size-resolved composition and growth rates are consistent with the measured results in most cases, and they both indicate that the condensational growth of organic vapors and H2SO4 is the major growth pathway and the particle-phase acid-base reactions play a minor role. In comparison to the high concentrations of gaseous sulfuric acid and amines that cause high formation rates, the concentration of condensable organic vapors is comparably lower under the high NOx levels, while those of the relatively high-volatility nitrogen-containing oxidation products are higher. The insufficient condensable organic vapors lead to slow growth, which further causes low survival of the newly formed particles in urban environments. Thus, the low growth rates, to some extent, counteract the impact of the high formation rates on air quality and global climate in urban environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yishuo Guo
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Chenjuan Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Rujing Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - James N Smith
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United Sates
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Li D, Ma Y, Dubois C, Wang X, Perrier S, Chen H, Wang H, Jing S, Lu Y, Lou S, Yan C, Nie W, Chen J, Huang C, George C, Riva M. Field Detection of Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules in Shanghai by Chemical Ionization-Orbitrap. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7608-7617. [PMID: 35594417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol, formed through atmospheric oxidation processes, plays an important role in affecting climate and human health. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive campaign in the megacity of Shanghai during the 2019 International Import Expo (EXPO), with the first deployment of a chemical ionization─Orbitrap mass spectrometer for ambient measurements. With the ultrahigh mass resolving power of the Orbitrap mass analyzer (up to 140,000 Th/Th) and capability in dealing with massive spectral data sets by positive matrix factorization, we were able to identify the major gas-phase oxidation processes leading to the formation of oxygenated organic molecules (OOM) in Shanghai. Nine main factors from three independent sub-range analysis were identified. More than 90% of OOM are of anthropogenic origin and >60% are nitrogen-containing molecules, mainly dominated by the RO2 + NO and/or NO3 chemistry. The emission control during the EXPO showed that even though the restriction was effectual in significantly lowering the primary pollutants (20-70% decrease), the secondary oxidation products responded less effectively (14% decrease), or even increased (50 to >200%) due to the enhancement of ozone and the lowered condensation sink, indicating the importance of a stricter multi-pollutant coordinated strategy in primary and secondary pollution mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Dandan Li
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yingge Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Clement Dubois
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xinke Wang
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sebastien Perrier
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sheng'ao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yiqun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Christian George
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rissanen M. Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compound (AVOC) Autoxidation as a Source of Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM). J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9027-9039. [PMID: 34617440 PMCID: PMC8543447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase hydrocarbon autoxidation is a rapid pathway for the production of in situ aerosol precursor compounds. It is a highway to molecular growth and lowering of vapor pressure, and it produces hydrogen-bonding functional groups that allow a molecule to bind into a substrate. It is the crucial process in the formation and growth of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Recently, the rapid gas-phase autoxidation of several volatile organic compounds (VOC) has been shown to yield highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM). Most of the details on HOM formation have been obtained from biogenic monoterpenes and their surrogates, with cyclic structures and double bonds both found to strongly facilitate HOM formation, especially in ozonolysis reactions. Similar structural features in common aromatic compounds have been observed to facilitate high HOM formation yields, despite the lack of appreciable O3 reaction rates. Similarly, the recently observed autoxidation and subsequent HOM formation in the oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons cannot be initiated by O3 and require different mechanistic steps for initiating and propagating the autoxidation sequence. This Perspective reflects on these recent findings in the context of the direct aerosol precursor formation in urban atmospheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory,
Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qiao X, Yan C, Li X, Guo Y, Yin R, Deng C, Li C, Nie W, Wang M, Cai R, Huang D, Wang Z, Yao L, Worsnop DR, Bianchi F, Liu Y, Donahue NM, Kulmala M, Jiang J. Contribution of Atmospheric Oxygenated Organic Compounds to Particle Growth in an Urban Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13646-13656. [PMID: 34585932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) can contribute substantially to the growth of newly formed particles. However, the characteristics of OOMs and their contributions to particle growth rate are not well understood in urban areas, which have complex anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric conditions. We performed long-term measurement of gas-phase OOMs in urban Beijing during 2018-2019 using nitrate-based chemical ionization mass spectrometry. OOM concentrations showed clear seasonal variations, with the highest in the summer and the lowest in the winter. Correspondingly, calculated particle growth rates due to OOM condensation were highest in summer, followed by spring, autumn, and winter. One prominent feature of OOMs in this urban environment was a high fraction (∼75%) of nitrogen-containing OOMs. These nitrogen-containing OOMs contributed only 50-60% of the total growth rate led by OOM condensation, owing to their slightly higher volatility than non-nitrate OOMs. By comparing the calculated condensation growth rates and the observed particle growth rates, we showed that sulfuric acid and its clusters are the main contributors to the growth of sub-3 nm particles, with OOMs significantly promoting the growth of 3-25 nm particles. In wintertime Beijing, however, there are missing contributors to the growth of particles above 3 nm, which remain to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - YiShuo Guo
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rujing Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chenjuan Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chang Li
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yao
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Incoporated, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jahn LG, Wang DS, Dhulipala SV, Ruiz LH. Gas-Phase Chlorine Radical Oxidation of Alkanes: Effects of Structural Branching, NO x, and Relative Humidity Observed during Environmental Chamber Experiments. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7303-7317. [PMID: 34383508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine-initiated oxidation of alkanes has been shown to rapidly form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) at higher yields than OH-alkane reactions. However, the effects of alkane volatile organic compound precursor structure and the reasons for the differences in SOA yield from OH-alkane reactions remain unclear. In this work, we investigated the effects of alkane molecular structure on oxidation by chlorine radical (Cl) and resulting formation of SOA through a series of laboratory chamber experiments, utilizing data from an iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometer and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor. Experiments were conducted with linear, branched, and branched cyclic C10 alkane precursors under different NOx and RH conditions. Observed product fragmentation patterns during the oxidation of branched alkanes demonstrate the abstraction of primary hydrogens by Cl, confirming a key difference between OH- and Cl-initiated oxidation of alkanes and providing a possible explanation for higher SOA production from Cl-initiated oxidation. Low-NOx conditions led to higher SOA production. SOA formed from butylcyclohexane under low NOx conditions contained higher fractions of organic acids and lower volatility molecules that were less prone to oligomerization relative to decane SOA. Branched alkanes produced less SOA, and branched cycloalkanes produced more SOA than linear n-alkanes, consistent with past work on OH-initiated reactions. Overall, our work provides insights into the differences between Cl- and OH-initiated oxidation of alkanes of different structures and the potential significance of Cl as an atmospheric oxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leif G Jahn
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States.,Now at Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Surya Venkatesh Dhulipala
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States.,Now at Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nihill KJ, Ye Q, Majluf F, Krechmer JE, Canagaratna MR, Kroll JH. Influence of the NO/NO 2 Ratio on Oxidation Product Distributions under High-NO Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6594-6601. [PMID: 33900726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic oxidation reactions in the atmosphere can be challenging to parse due to the large number of branching points within each molecule's reaction mechanism. This complexity can complicate the attribution of observed effects to a particular chemical pathway. In this study, we simplify the chemistry of atmospherically relevant systems, and particularly the role of NOx, by generating individual alkoxy radicals via alkyl nitrite photolysis (to limit the number of accessible reaction pathways) and measuring their product distributions under different NO/NO2 ratios. Known concentrations of NO in the classically "high-NO" range are maintained in the chamber, thereby constraining first-generation RO2 (peroxy radicals) to react nearly exclusively with NO. Products are measured in both the gas phase (with a proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometer) and the particle phase (with an aerosol mass spectrometer). We observe substantial differences in measured products under varying NO/NO2 ratios (from ∼0.1 to >1); along with modeling simulations using the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), these results suggest indirect effects of NOx chemistry beyond the commonly cited RO2 + NO reaction. Specifically, lower-NO/NO2 ratios foster higher concentrations of secondary OH, higher concentrations of peroxyacyl nitrates (PAN, an atmospheric reservoir species), and a more highly oxidized product distribution that results in more secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The impact of NOx concentration beyond simple RO2 branching must be considered when planning laboratory oxidation experiments and applying their results to atmospheric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Nihill
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Francesca Majluf
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Jordan E Krechmer
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Manjula R Canagaratna
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Jesse H Kroll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jia L, Xu Y. The role of functional groups in the understanding of secondary organic aerosol formation mechanism from α-pinene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139831. [PMID: 32531597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The infrared spectra (IR) analysis in combination with electrospray ionization high-resolution orbitrap mass spectra (ESI-HRMS) can provide new insight into the overall structural feature and specific molecules of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In this study, the functional group signature of SOA produced from OH and O3 channel oxidation of α-pinene is characterized based on the IR and ESI-HRMS. The IR spectra of SOA from the OH channel show strong absorptions of hydrogen bonded OH groups and weak absorptions of CO groups, while the absorptions of CO are more abundant than OH in the O3 channel. A linear relationship between the ratio of functional group absorption area (SO-H/SC=O) and the group number ratio of nO-H/nC=O is obtained. The ratios of nO-H/nC=O in the O3 and H2O2 systems of SOA are estimated to be 0.60 and 3.91, respectively. The ESI-HRMS results show that organic acids are the major products in both the O3 and NO2 systems. In contrast to the O3 channel, alcohols are more abundant from the OH channel. The major compounds of SOA from the H2O2 system are confirmed to be formed by autoxidation of first generation RO2 radicals. The nO-H/nC=O ratio obtained by IR is in good agreement with that by MS. Thus, the ratio of nO-H/nC=O can be used to characterize SOA formation from different oxidation channels. In α-pinene-NO2 irradiations, the ratio of nO-H/nC=O is 0.83, which is quite close to that from the O3 system, but totally different from that in the H2O2 system. This strongly supports that the O3 channel plays a key role in the formation of SOA from the α-pinene-NO2 system. The similarity of both products and the nO-H/nC=O ratios between the α-pinene-O3 and α-pinene-NO2 systems strongly states that a stabilized Criegee intermediate (SCI) is a key factor controlling SOA formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - YongFu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Geiger FM, McNeill VF, Orr-Ewing AJ. Virtual Issue in Atmospheric Chemistry Research. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5697-5699. [PMID: 32668907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - V Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Emissions Characteristics of Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Incineration of Sacrificial Offerings. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10060332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The incineration of sacrificial offerings generates numerous hazardous air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), CO, SO2, NOx and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), which has significant effects on the environment and human health. However, due to the concealment of sacrificial offerings incineration, the emission of such pollutants has not received sufficient attention. Relevant quantification of the emission, emission factors and pollution control measures for this pollution source are lacking. To address these problems, herein, we quantified the particulate matter and its chemical composition and the emission levels of gaseous pollutants, including SO2, NOx, NMHC and CO, by performing incineration experiments of four typical sacrificial offerings (Joss paper, Funeral wreath, Taoist paper art and Yuanbao paper), and obtained the emission factors and emission characteristics for the incineration of sacrificial offerings. Therefore, this study lays the foundation and provides support for establishing an emission inventory of the air pollutants from the incineration of sacrificial offerings and introducing corresponding pollution control measures. The results show that the emission concentrations of CO and total suspended particulate (TSP) from the incineration of sacrificial offerings greatly exceed the emission standard, with averages of 621.4 mg m−3 and 142.9 mg m−3 at 11% oxygen content, respectively. The average emission factors of SO2, NOx, NMHC, CO, PM10 and PM2.5 for the incineration of the four offerings are (0.47 ± 0.17) kg t−1, (2.46 ± 0.35) kg t−1, (5.78 ± 2.41) kg t−1, (32.40 ± 8.80) kg t−1, (4.23 ± 0.71) kg t−1 and (2.62 ± 0.48) kg t−1, respectively, among which the emission intensities of NMHC and CO are relatively high. Among the different types of sacrificial offerings, the overall average emission factor of air pollutants generated from the incineration of Yuanbao paper is the highest, which is mainly due to the low burning efficiency and the coating material. For the chemical composition of the particulate matters, ions, OC, EC and metal elements account for proportions of the PM2.5 at (23.55 ± 10.37) %, (29.74 ± 9.95) %, (14.83 ± 6.55) % and (13.45 ± 4.88) %, respectively, indicating that the organic pollution is severe
Collapse
|