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An T, Li Y, Wang R, Jing S, Gao Y, Liu S, Huang D, Zhou M, Dai H, Huang C, Lu J, Wang H, Fu Q. Characteristics of typical intermediate and semi volatile organic compounds in Shanghai during China International Import Expo event. Chemosphere 2024; 355:141779. [PMID: 38537709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
To ensure good air quality during the China International Import Expo (CIIE) event, stringent emission-reduction measures were implemented in Shanghai. To assess the efficacy of these measures, this study measured typical categories of intermediate/semi volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs), including alkanes (C10-C26 n-alkanes and pristane), EPA-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylnaphthalenes, benzothiazole (BTH) and chlorobenzenes (CBs), at an urban site of Shanghai before and during two CIIE events (2019 and 2020; non-CIIE versus CIIE). The average concentrations of alkanes and PAHs during both 2019 and 2020 CIIE events decreased by approximately 41% and 17%, respectively, compared to non-CIIE periods. However, the decline in BTH and CBs was only observed during CIIE-2019. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from alkanes, PAHs and BTH was evaluated under atmospheric conditions, revealing considerable SOA contributions from dimethylnaphthalenes and BTH. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis further revealed that life-related sources, such as cooking and residential emissions, make a noticeable contribution (21.6%) in addition to the commonly concerned gasoline-vehicle sources (31.5%), diesel-related emissions (20.8%), industrial emissions (18.6%) and ship emissions (7.5%). These findings provide valuable insights into the efficacy of the implemented measures in reducing atmospheric I/SVOCs levels. Moreover, our results highlight the significance of exploring additional individual species of I/SVOCs and life-related sources for further research and policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taikui An
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sheng'ao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yaqin Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Dandan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haixia Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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Jing S, Dai Z, Wu Y, Liu X, Ren T, Liu X, Zhang L, Fu J, Chen X, Xiao W, Wang H, Huang Y, Qu Y, Wang W, Gu X, Ma L, Zhang S, Yu Y, Li L, Han Z, Su X, Qiao Y, Wang C. Prevalence and influencing factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among hospital-based healthcare workers during the surge period of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Chinese mainland: a multicenter cross-sectional study. QJM 2023; 116:911-922. [PMID: 37561096 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From November 2022 to February 2023, the Chinese mainland experienced a surge in COVID-19 infection and hospitalization, and the hospital-based healthcare workers (HCWs) might suffer serious psychological crisis during this period. This study aims to assess the depressive and anxiety symptoms among HCWs during the surge of COVID-19 pandemic and to provide possible reference on protecting mental health of HCWs in future infectious disease outbreaks. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out among hospital-based HCWs in the Chinese mainland from 5 January to 9 February 2023. The PHQ-9 (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire) and GAD-7 (seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire) were used to measure depressive and anxiety symptoms. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to identify influencing factors. RESULTS A total of 6522 hospital-based HCWs in the Chinse mainland were included in this survey. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among the HCWs was 70.75%, and anxiety symptoms was 47.87%. The HCWs who perceived higher risk of COVID-19 infection and those who had higher work intensity were more likely to experience depressive and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, higher levels of mindfulness, resilience and perceived social support were negatively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION This study revealed that a high proportion of HCWs in the Chinese mainland suffered from mental health disturbances during the surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. Resilience, mindfulness and perceived social support are important protective factors of HCWs' mental health. Tailored interventions, such as mindfulness practice, should be implemented to alleviate psychological symptoms of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic or other similar events in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jing
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Z Dai
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - X Liu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - T Ren
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - X Liu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - J Fu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - X Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - W Xiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - H Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Qu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - X Gu
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - L Ma
- Public Health School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - S Zhang
- Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliate Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Han
- China Foreign Affairs University, Beijing, China
| | - X Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Qiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - C Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing, China
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Liu X, Zhang L, Jing S, Wu YJ, Su XY, Qiao YL. [Human papillomavirus vaccination for men who have sex with men in China: demand and suggestions]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2023; 44:1321-1326. [PMID: 37661628 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20221129-01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
MSM are a high-risk population for HPV infection and related diseases. MSM can be effectively protected by quadrivalent and nine-valent HPV vaccines. This paper outlines the significance of providing HPV vaccination to MSM, summarizes the basis of HPV vaccination in MSM, and puts forward the following recommendations. First, China should expedite the development and approval of the HPV vaccine for male use. Second, HIV-positive MSM should vaccinate against HPV as soon as possible. Third, prioritize HPV vaccination for MSM individuals aged 26 or less. Fourth, for MSM aged over 26, catch-up vaccination or opportunistic vaccination should be provided when HPV vaccine resources are sufficient. Implementing this vaccination strategy can provide protection for the MSM and control the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - S Jing
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y J Wu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X Y Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y L Qiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Tian L, Huang DD, Li YJ, Yan C, Nie W, Wang Z, Wang Q, Qiao L, Zhou M, Zhu S, Liu Y, Guo Y, Qiao X, Zheng P, Jing S, Lou S, Wang H, Huang C. Enigma of Urban Gaseous Oxygenated Organic Molecules: Precursor Type, Role of NO x, and Degree of Oxygenation. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:64-75. [PMID: 36516990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) forms oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs), which contribute to secondary pollution. Herein, we present measurement results of OOMs using chemical ionization mass spectrometry with nitrate as the reagent ion in Shanghai. Compared to those in forests and laboratory studies, OOMs detected at this urban site were of relatively lower degree of oxygenation. This was attributed to the high NOx concentrations (∼44 ppb), which overall showed a suppression on the propagation reactions. As another result, a large fraction of nitrogenous OOMs (75%) was observed, and this fraction further increased to 84% under a high NO/VOC ratio. By applying a novel framework on OOM categorization and supported by VOC measurements, 50 and 32% OOMs were attributed to aromatic and aliphatic precursors, respectively. Furthermore, aromatic OOMs are more oxygenated (effective oxygen number, nOeff = 4-6) than aliphatic ones (nOeff = 3-4), which can be partly explained by the difference in initiation mechanisms and points to possible discrimination in termination reactions. This study highlights the roles of NOx in OOM formation in urban areas, as well as the formation of nitrogenous products that might show discrimination between aromatic and aliphatic VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Tian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, Taipa 999078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dan Dan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yong Jie Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, Taipa 999078, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Liping Qiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shuhui Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yishuo Guo
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Penggang Zheng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Sheng'ao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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Lu J, Li Y, Li J, Jing S, An T, Luo H, Ma C, Wang H, Fu Q, Huang C. An online method for monitoring atmospheric intermediate volatile organic compounds with a thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463299. [PMID: 35853419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As one of important precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) have attracted much attention in recent years. Most of the previous studies however largely focused on characteristics of IVOCs from different emission sources, while data from field observations to study their temporal variations was limited for lacking the sufficient time resolution monitoring data. In this study, an online thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) method was developed to generate monitor data with a three-hour time resolution for gaseous atmospheric IVOCs. The method used two multi-sorbent traps that alternated for conducting sample collection and sample analysis. Compounds of C12C22 n-alkanes and 2-4 ring PAHs were chosen as surrogates to evaluate the performance of this method. Regression coefficients of external calibration curves were greater than 0.93 and 0.96 for all individual n-alkanes and PAHs, respectively. Average relative standard deviation (RSD) values among replicate samples spiked at 3 ng for each individual standard were 9% ± 5%. The detection limits of this method for individual n-alkanes and PAHs were 3.1-16.2 ng/m3 and 1.0-2.7 ng/m3, respectively. Atmospheric IVOCs were continuously monitored from September 28 to 30 and October 22 to November 9 in 2018, in an urban area of Shanghai. Besides targeted n-alkanes and PAHs, unspeciated complex mixtures (UCM) of IVOCs as well as total-IVOCs concentrations in the atmosphere were also determined. Measured concentrations and compositions of gaseous IVOCs in the atmosphere in this study were comparable to other similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jie Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sheng'ao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Taikui An
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Heng Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Changwen Ma
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitor Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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Li J, Xie X, Li L, Wang X, Wang H, Jing S, Ying Q, Qin M, Hu J. Fate of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds in the Yangtze River Delta Region: Source Contributions and Impacts on the Atmospheric Oxidation Capacity. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:11212-11224. [PMID: 35925776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQv5.2) was implemented to investigate the sources and sinks of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) during a high O3 and high PM2.5 season in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, based on constraints from observations. The model tends to overpredict non-oxygenated VOCs and underpredict OVOCs, which has been improved with adjusted emissions of all VOCs. The OVOCs in the YRD are dominated by ketones, aldehydes, and alcohols. Ketones and aldehydes mainly originate from direct emissions and secondary formation in the northern YRD, and primarily originate from secondary formation in the southern part influenced by biogenic emissions. The concentration of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) produced by OVOCs is 0.5-1.5 μg/m3, with 40-80% originated from organic nitrates, 20-70% originated from dicarbonyls, and 0-20% originated from isoprene epoxydiols. The influences of OVOCs on the atmospheric oxidation capacity are dominated by the OH• pathway during the day (∼350%) and by the NO3• pathway at night (∼150%). Consequently, O3 is enhanced by 30-70% in the YRD. Aerosols are also enhanced by 50-140%, 20-80%, and ∼20% for SOA, nitrate, and sulfate, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sheng'ao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3136, United States
| | - Momei Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Zhang Y, Li D, Ma Y, Dubois C, Wang X, Perrier S, Chen H, Wang H, Jing S, Lu Y, Lou S, Yan C, Nie W, Chen J, Huang C, George C, Riva M. Field Detection of Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules in Shanghai by Chemical Ionization-Orbitrap. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:7608-7617. [PMID: 35594417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol, formed through atmospheric oxidation processes, plays an important role in affecting climate and human health. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive campaign in the megacity of Shanghai during the 2019 International Import Expo (EXPO), with the first deployment of a chemical ionization─Orbitrap mass spectrometer for ambient measurements. With the ultrahigh mass resolving power of the Orbitrap mass analyzer (up to 140,000 Th/Th) and capability in dealing with massive spectral data sets by positive matrix factorization, we were able to identify the major gas-phase oxidation processes leading to the formation of oxygenated organic molecules (OOM) in Shanghai. Nine main factors from three independent sub-range analysis were identified. More than 90% of OOM are of anthropogenic origin and >60% are nitrogen-containing molecules, mainly dominated by the RO2 + NO and/or NO3 chemistry. The emission control during the EXPO showed that even though the restriction was effectual in significantly lowering the primary pollutants (20-70% decrease), the secondary oxidation products responded less effectively (14% decrease), or even increased (50 to >200%) due to the enhancement of ozone and the lowered condensation sink, indicating the importance of a stricter multi-pollutant coordinated strategy in primary and secondary pollution mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Dandan Li
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yingge Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Clement Dubois
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xinke Wang
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sebastien Perrier
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sheng'ao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yiqun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Christian George
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
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Tang J, Li Y, Li X, Jing S, Huang C, Zhu J, Hu Q, Wang H, Lu J, Lou S, Rao P, Huang D. Intermediate volatile organic compounds emissions from vehicles under real world conditions. Sci Total Environ 2021; 788:147795. [PMID: 34134355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Real-world vehicle emission factors (EFs) for the total intermediate volatile organic compounds (total-IVOCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from mixed fleets of vehicles were quantified in the Yangtze tunnel in Shanghai. Relationships of EFs of IVOCs with fleet compositions and vehicle speed as well as secondary organic formation potentials (SOAFPs) from IVOCs and VOCs were studied. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to estimate EFs of total-IVOCs for gasoline and diesel vehicles. IVOCs were classified into unresolved complex mixtures (unspeciated cyclic compounds and branched alkanes (b-alkanes)) and speciated targets (11 n-alkanes and ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)). The results showed that the average EF of total-IVOCs was 24.9 ± 7.8 mg/(km·veh), which was comparable to that of VOCs. Unspeciated cyclic compounds and b-alkanes dominated the main composition (~77% and ~19%), followed by n-alkanes (~4%) and PAHs (~1%). EFs of IVOCs showed a significant, positive relationship with diesel vehicle fractions (p < 0.05). EFs of IVOCs dropped notably with the decrease of the diesel vehicle fractions. SOAFP produced by the total organic compounds (IVOCs + VOCs) was 8.9 ± 2.5 mg/(km·veh), in which up to 86% of SOAFP was from IVOCs. Estimated EFs of total-IVOCs for gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles were 15.3 and 219.8 mg/(km·veh) respectively. Our results demonstrate that IVOCs emitted from diesel vehicles are the main emission sources under real world conditions and significant contributions of IVOCs emissions to SOA formation is evident, which indicates the necessity of making control policies to reduce IVOCs emissions from vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Xinling Li
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of M.O.E, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China.
| | - Sheng'ao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Qingyao Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Pinhua Rao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Dandan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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Zhao Q, Wang J, Guo H, Li Y, Lin C, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Wang D, Zhao X, Liu Y, Jing S, Yang P, Tian Y, Liu Y. 1427P A phase II study of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy with apatinib for HER-2 negative Siewert type II and III adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Jing S, Lu J, Song J, Luo S, Zhou L, Quan C, Xi J, Zhao C. P.376Effect of low-dose rituximab treatment on T- and B-cell lymphocyte imbalance in refractory myasthenia gravis. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gao Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Jing S, Peng Y, Qiao L, Zhou M, Huang DD, Wang Q, Li X, Li L, Feng J, Ma Y, Li Y. Estimating Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from Toluene Photochemistry in a Megacity of China. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:8664-8671. [PMID: 31265258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The production of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from toluene photochemistry in Shanghai, a megacity of China, was estimated by two approaches, the parametrization method and the tracer-based method. The temporal profiles of toluene, together with other fifty-six volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were characterized. Combing with the vapor wall loss corrected SOA yields derived from chamber experiments, the estimated toluene SOA by the parametrization method as embodied in the two-product model contributes up to ∼40% of the total SOA budget during summertime. 2,3-Dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid (DHOPA), a unique product from the OH-initiated oxidation of toluene in the presence of elevated NOx, was used as a tracer to back calculate the toluene SOA concentrations. By taking account for the effect of gas-particle partitioning processes on the fraction of DHOPA in the particle phase, the estimated toluene SOA concentrations agree within ∼33% with the estimates by the parametrization method. The agreement between these two independent approaches highlight the need to update current model frameworks with recent laboratory advances for a more accurate representation of SOA formation in regions with substantial anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation & Modeling Laboratory (ACOM) , National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) , Boulder , Colorado 80301 , United States
| | - Sheng'ao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Yarong Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Liping Qiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Dan Dan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Li Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Jialiang Feng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Yingge Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
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Guo Z, Zhang J, Gong Z, Jing S. Correlation of factors associated with postoperative infection in patients with malignant oral and maxillofacial tumours: a logistic regression analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 57:460-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Haige Z, Jing S, Yixing C, Zhaochong Z. EP-1429 IG-IMRT improves short-term survival for lymph node metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Huang C, Hu Q, Li Y, Tian J, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Feng J, An J, Qiao L, Wang H, Jing S, Huang D, Lou S, Zhou M, Zhu S, Tao S, Li L. Intermediate Volatility Organic Compound Emissions from a Large Cargo Vessel Operated under Real-World Conditions. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:12934-12942. [PMID: 30351037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate volatility organic compound (IVOC) emissions from a large cargo vessel were characterized under real-world operating conditions using an on-board measurement system. Test ship fuel-based emission factors (EFs) of total IVOCs were determined for two fuel types and seven operating conditions. The average total IVOC EF was 1003 ± 581 mg·kg-fuel-1, approximately 0.76 and 0.29 times the EFs of primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions from low-sulfur fuel (LSF, 0.38 wt % S) and high-sulfur fuel (HSF, 1.12 wt % S), respectively. The average total IVOC EF from LSF was 2.4 times that from HSF. The average IVOC EF under low engine load (15%) was 0.5-1.6 times higher than those under 36%-74% loads. An unresolved complex mixture (UCM) contributed 86.1 ± 1.9% of the total IVOC emissions. Ship secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production was estimated to be 546.5 ± 284.1 mg·kg-fuel-1; IVOCs contributed 98.9 ± 0.9% of the produced SOA on average. Fuel type was the dominant determinant of ship IVOC emissions, IVOC volatility distributions, and SOA production. The ship emitted more IVOC mass, produced higher proportions of volatile organic components, and produced more SOA mass when fueled with LSF than when fueled with HSF. When reducing ship POA emissions, more attention should be paid to commensurate control of ship SOA formation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Qingyao Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Junjie Tian
- School of Resources and Environment Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , China
| | - Yingge Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Yunliang Zhao
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Jialiang Feng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health , Shanghai University , Shanghai , 200244 , China
| | - Jingyu An
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Liping Qiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Sheng'ao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Dandan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Shuhui Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Shikang Tao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
| | - Li Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai , 200233 , China
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health , Shanghai University , Shanghai , 200244 , China
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Huang C, Hu Q, Wang H, Qiao L, Jing S, Wang H, Zhou M, Zhu S, Ma Y, Lou S, Li L, Tao S, Li Y, Lou D. Emission factors of particulate and gaseous compounds from a large cargo vessel operated under real-world conditions. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:667-674. [PMID: 30025340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On-board emissions measurements were performed on a Handysize-class bulk carrier operating under real-world conditions. Emission factors (EFs) were determined for criteria pollutants such as NOx, CO, total hydrocarbons (THC), and PM; PM composition, including organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), inorganic species, and a variety of organic compounds and VOC species (including alkanes, alkenes, single-ring aromatics, and oxygenated VOCs) were also analyzed. To investigate the impacts of engine type, fuel, and operating conditions on emissions, measurements were conducted on one main and one auxiliary engines using low- and high-sulfur fuels (LSF and HSF) under actual operating conditions, including at-berth, maneuvering, and cruising at different engine loads. OC was the most abundant PM component (contributing 45-65%), followed by sulfate (2-15%) and EC (1-20%). Compounds with 3 or 4 aromatic rings, including phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[b+k]fluoranthene, dominated the particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from the ship, accounting for 69-89% of the total PAHs. Single-ring aromatics constituted 50-78% of the emitted VOCs and were dominated by toluene. In this study, switching from HSF (1.12% S) to LSF (0.38% S) reduced emitted PM by 12%, OC by 20%, sulfate by 71%, and particulate PAHs by 94%, but caused an increase in single-ring aromatics. The power-based EFs generally decreased with increasing engine loads. However, decreasing the ship engine load also reduced the vessel speed and, thus, decreased emissions over a given voyage distance. Herein, a Vessel Speed Reduction (VSR) from 11 to 8-9 knots decreased NOx and PM emissions by approximately 33% and 36%, respectively, and OC, EC, sulfate, and particulate PAHs in PM emissions by 34%, 83%, 29%, and 11%. These data can be used to minimize uncertainty in the emission factors used in ship emissions calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Qingyao Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liping Qiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Sheng'ao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shuhui Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yingge Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Li Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Shikang Tao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Diming Lou
- School of Automobile Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
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Chen W, Jing M, Zhang Q, Yuan R, Jing S. A meta-analysis evaluating the relationship between IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms and an individual's susceptibility to HCV infection. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2018; 81:39-44. [PMID: 29562376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several observational studies have investigated interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene polymorphisms with regard to susceptibility to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the results have been inconsistent. AIM To evaluate the relationships between functional polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene and an individual's susceptibility to HCV infection, a meta-analysis was performed. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and China BioMedicine databases to investigate the correlation between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to HCV infection. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS The polymorphisms IL-18-607 C>A and -137 G>C were correlated with susceptibility to HCV infection in Asian populations. However, there was no evidence indicating a correlation between either of these polymorphisms and susceptibility to HCV infection in Caucasian populations. CONCLUSIONS Our current meta-analysis suggests that the -607 C>A and -137 G>C polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene promoter play important roles in determining the response to HCV in Asian populations. More studies with larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate the associations between IL-18 genetic polymorphisms and HCV infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - M Jing
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - R Yuan
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - S Jing
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
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Wang J, Zhao Q, Huang X, Jing S, Wang Y, Cao F. Feasibility Analysis of Involved-Field Irradiation in Patients With Locally Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction in Siewert’s Type 2 and 3 Undergoing Preoperative Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cheng Y, Wang Q, Wang J, Jing S, Liu Q. Nutrition Status and Inflammatory Indexes Could Predict Acute Toxicity After Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy for Esophageal Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Trowbridge IS, Collawn J, Jing S, White S, Esekogwu V, Stangel M. Structure-function analysis of the human transferrin receptor: effects of anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies on tumor growth. Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus 2015:139-47. [PMID: 1954762 DOI: 10.1159/000419352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I S Trowbridge
- Department of Cancer Biology, Salk Institute, San Diego, Calif
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Zhao L, Chen X, Cai L, Zhang C, Wang Q, Jing S, Chen G, Li J, Zhang J, Fang Y. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of benvitimod, a candidate drug for the treatment of psoriasis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39:418-23. [PMID: 24673513 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhao
- Phase I Research Unit; Department of Pharmacy; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - X. Chen
- Phase I Research Unit; Department of Pharmacy; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - L. Cai
- Department of dermatology; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - C. Zhang
- Phase I Research Unit; Department of Pharmacy; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Q. Wang
- Phase I Research Unit; Department of Pharmacy; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - S. Jing
- Phase I Research Unit; Department of Pharmacy; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - G. Chen
- Celestial Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd; Shenzhen China
| | - J. Li
- Celestial Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd; Shenzhen China
| | - J. Zhang
- Department of dermatology; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Y. Fang
- Phase I Research Unit; Department of Pharmacy; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
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Wang J, Yu J, Jing S, Cheng Y, Liu Q, Wang Y, Cao F, Shang K, Jiao W, Long S. Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Clinicopathological Significance: A Meta-Analysis of 1118 Cases With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang J, Cao F, Jing S, Wang Y, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Shang K, Jiao W, Long S. Prognostic Analysis in 182 Thoracic Esophageal Carcinoma Patients With Atypical Hyperplasia in Esophageal Stump and Esophageal Stump Cancer After Esophagectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jing S, Liu B, Peng L, Peng X, Zhu L, Fu Q, He G. Development and use of EST-SSR markers for assessing genetic diversity in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål). Bull Entomol Res 2012; 102:113-122. [PMID: 21896240 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485311000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To assess genetic diversity in populations of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), we have developed and applied microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR), markers from expressed sequence tags (ESTs). We found that the brown planthopper clusters of ESTs were rich in SSRs with unique frequencies and distributions of SSR motifs. Three hundred and fifty-one EST-SSR markers were developed and yielded clear bands from samples of four brown planthopper populations. High cross-species transferability of these markers was detected in the closely related planthopper N. muiri. The newly developed EST-SSR markers provided sufficient resolution to distinguish within and among biotypes. Analyses based on SSR data revealed host resistance-based genetic differentiation among different brown planthopper populations; the genetic diversity of populations feeding on susceptible rice varieties was lower than that of populations feeding on resistant rice varieties. This is the first large-scale development of brown planthopper SSR markers, which will be useful for future molecular genetics and genomics studies of this serious agricultural pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Yue L, Jing S, Chunliu H, Weimin L, Baofeng Y, Zhenwei P, Deli D, Guangzhong L, Li S, Lei L, Danghui S, Xiangyang T, Zhihua G, Yongtai G. Ketamine-induced ventricular structural, sympathetic and electrophysiologic remodelling: pathological consequences and protective effects of metoprolol. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hu L, Shen L, Li D, Nie P, Jing S, Xiao H, Shao Q, Yi J. Atorvastatin suppress oxidised low density lipoprotein-induced dendritic cell-like differentiation of RAW264.7 cells by inactivation of the p38 MAPK pathway. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hong W, Jing L, Xianxian Z, Bo L, Yanyan W, Xing Z, Jing S, Jingwei P, Fuzhi G, Weiping L, Ersong W, Yongwen Q. Transcatheter closure of very large secundum atrial septal defects: long-term follow-up study. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yue L, Jing S, Weimin L, Baofeng Y, Hongbo S, Deli D, Zhenwei P, Li S, Guangzhong L, Jiyi Z, Hongjie X, Danghui S, Ning Y, Yongtai G. Atorvastatin attenuates atrial structural, autonomic and electrophysiologic remodelling by its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory action in atrial fibrillation dogs. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mannan T, Jing S, Foroushania SH, Fortune F, Wan H. RNAi-mediated inhibition of the desmosomal cadherin (desmoglein 3) impairs epithelial cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:301-10. [PMID: 21702856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) is a desmosomal adhesion protein expressed in basal and immediate suprabasal layers of skin. Importance of Dsg3 in cell-cell adhesion and maintenance of tissue integrity is illustrated by findings of keratinocyte dissociation in the autoimmune disease, pemphigus vulgaris, where autoantibodies target Dsg3 on keratinocyte surfaces and cause Dsg3 depletion from desmosomes. However, recognition of possible participation of involvement of Dsg3 in cell proliferation remains controversial. Currently, available evidence suggests that Dsg3 may have both anti- and pro-proliferative roles in keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to use RNA interference (RNAi) strategy to investigate effects of silencing Dsg3 in cell-cell adhesion and cell proliferation in two cell lines, HaCaT and MDCK. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were transfected with siRNA, and knockdown of Dsg3 was assessed by western blotting, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and confocal microscopy. Cell-cell adhesion was analysed using the hanging drop/fragmentation assay, and cell proliferation by colony forming efficiency, BrdU incorporation, cell counts and organotypic culture. RESULTS Silencing Dsg3 caused defects in cell-cell adhesion and concomitant reduction in cell proliferation in both HaCaT and MDCK cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Dsg3 depletion by RNAi reduces cell proliferation, which is likely to be secondary to a defect in cell-cell adhesion, an essential function required for cell differentiation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mannan
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, UK
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Jing S, Yidong W, Yuanyuan F, Yong W, Lei H, Yawei X. e0365 Clinical study on relationship between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and coronary heart disease in women. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gu L, Zhang Y, Niu X, Jing S, Zhou Y, Wang F, Zhang C. PP-063 The Research of signal transduction mechanism in Ana-1 Cells infected by Influenza Virus (FM1) and the Intervention of Dureping Injection. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(09)60214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Yun-Peng L, Jingdong Z, Yuee T, Bo J, Ping Y, Mingfang Z, Jing S, Lingyun Z, Zhi L. Randomized phase II study of thalidomide for the control of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.9614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Yang SM, Jing S, Doi T, Kaneko T, Yamashita T. Isolation of Guinea pig inner hair cells using manual microsurgical dissection. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2002; 64:1-5. [PMID: 11891389 DOI: 10.1159/000049078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) show distinctive morphological features that are usually sufficient to distinguish these two species in vitro. However, OHCs may sometimes resemble IHCs when they are mechanically distorted or begin swelling at their basal end. As a result, accurately discriminating the cells based on morphology was thought to be problematic. An objective method that allows us to clearly and unambiguously distinguish these two cell types is therefore of continued interest. We describe a protocol in which solitary IHCs were harvested from guinea pig cochlea using a manual microsurgical dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Yu Q, Ma L, Jing S, Xu Y, Geng D. [Clinic significance of nm23, collage IV and PCNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 2001; 4:469-70. [PMID: 21106162 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2001.06.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the significance of nm23, collagen IV and PCNA expressions in non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS Expressions of the nm23, collagen IV and PCNA in 84 cases of non-small cell lung cancer were examined with SP immunohistochemical technique. Of the 84 cases, there were squamous cell carcinoma 42, adenocarcinoma 42, stage I 27, stage II 24, stage III 24, and stage IV 9. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-Square test. RESULTS Expressions of the nm23, collagen IV and PCNA in 84 cases of non-small cell lung cancer were 60. 7% ( 51/ 84) , 75. 0% ( 63/ 84) and 53. 6% ( 45/ 84) respectively. There was negative correlation between the lymph node metastasis and the expressions of nm23 and collagen IV in squamous cell carcinoma, and the expressions of collagen IV and PCNA were associated with tumor differentiation. No correlation was found between TNM stage and expressions of nm23, collagen IV and PCNA. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that nm23, collagen IV and PCNA participate the modulation of metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer and that they may be used to evaluate the potential of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yu
- Liaoning Provincial Hospital, Shengyang , Liaoning 110015, P. R . China
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Jing S, Ju Y, He Y, He M, Mao B. Clinical features of diffuse axonal injury. Chin J Traumatol 2001; 4:204-7. [PMID: 11835733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the mechanism of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and study the relationship between DAI and brain concussion, brain contusion, and primary brain stem injury. METHODS The clinical data and iconographic characteristics of 56 patients with DAI were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Traffic accidents were the main cause of DAI. Among t he 56 cases, 34 were injured for at least twice, and 71.43% of the patients were complicated with contusion. CONCLUSIONS It is considered that DAI is a common pattern of primary brain injury, which is often underestimated. And DAI includes cerebral concussion and primary brain injury, and is often complicated by cerebral cortex contusion. Therefore, it is very simple and practical to divide primary brain injuries into local and diffuse injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, West China University of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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36
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Markell D, Hui J, Narhi L, Lau D, LeBel C, Aparisio D, Lile J, Jing S, Yui D, Chang BS. Pharmaceutical significance of the cyclic imide form of recombinant human glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor. Pharm Res 2001; 18:1361-6. [PMID: 11683253 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013058532425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to determine the significance of cyclic imide formation of an aspartic acid residue during storage on the pharmaceutical quality of a recombinant human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (rhGDNF) formulation. METHODS A combination of chromatography, peptide mapping, mass spectroscopy, and protein sequencing was used to purify and characterize the degradation product. Circular dichroism, 1,8-ANS and heparin binding, melting temperature determination, bioassays, and preclinical pharmacokinetic and toxicology testing were performed to examine its equivalence to native rhGDNF. RESULTS The rhGDNF with cyclic imide at aspartic acid residue 96 showed identical activity, structure, pharmacokinetic profile, and toxicity profile to the native rhGDNF. CONCLUSIONS Formation of cyclic imide at aspartic acid residue 96 does not affect the pharmaceutical quality of the rhGDNF formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Markell
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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Abstract
Targeted expression of the SV40 large T-antigen oncoprotein (T-Ag) induces cardiomyocyte proliferation in the atria and ventricles of transgenic mice. Previous studies have identified the p53 tumor suppressor, p107 (a homologue of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor), and p193 (a novel BH3 only proapoptosis protein) as prominent TAg binding proteins in cardiomyocyte cell lines derived from these transgenic mice. To further explore the significance of these protein-protein interactions in the regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation, a transgene comprising the human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) promoter and sequences encoding a mutant T-Ag lacking the p53 binding domain was generated. Repeated micro-injection of this DNA gave rise to genetically mosaic animals with minimal transgene content, suggesting that widespread cardiac expression of mutant T-Ag was deleterious. This notion was supported by the observation that the transgene was selectively lost from the cardiac myocytes (but not the cardiac fibroblasts) in the mosaic animals. Crosses between the mosaic mice and animals expressing a cardiac restricted dominant negative p53 resulted in transgene transmission with ensuing overt cardiac tumorigenesis. Transfection of the mutant T-Ag in embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived cardiomyocytes resulted in wide-spread cell death with characteristics typical of apoptosis. Co-transfection with a dominant negative p53 transgene rescued mutant TAg-induced cell death in the ES-derived cardiomyocyte cultures, resulting in a marked proliferative response similar to that seen in vivo with the rescued transgenic mouse study. These results indicate that T-Ag expression in the absence of p53 functional abrogation results in cardiomyocyte death.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Huh
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
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Abstract
Endogenous retinoic acid may play a role in inducing smooth muscle differentiation in the fetal ductus arteriosus. Maternal administration of retinoic acid may accelerate the process. This study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin A on developmental changes in the contractile system of the ductus. Vitamin A was injected into pregnant rats and the ductus was isolated from the fetus at 19, 20, or 21 d of gestation. The fetus at 19 d of gestation served as a model of the preterm fetus. The force of contraction and [Ca]i were measured. Membrane depolarization caused by high KCl induced ductal contraction in all age groups studied. In the 19-d fetus, O2 did not cause significant contraction or changes in [Ca]i in the control group, but it did induce a significant contraction and increases in [Ca]i in the vitamin A-treated group. In the 20- and 21-d fetuses, 5% O2-induced contraction in the vitamin A-treated group was significantly greater than in the control group. In the 19-d fetus, noradrenaline-induced contraction and increases in [Ca]i, indicators of the size of the intracellular Ca pool, were observed and they were similar in the control group and in the vitamin A-treated group. These data suggest that 1) in the preterm fetus, the contractile system, including membrane depolarization, [Ca]i increase, and its activation of contractile proteins, is already functioning, but the O2-sensing mechanism is underdeveloped, 2) vitamin A accelerates the development of the O2-sensing mechanism of the ductus arteriosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162 Japan
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Jing S, Li H. Hopper-valve for fine powders in a moving-bed standpipe. POWDER TECHNOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-5910(00)00240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chai J, Yang H, Li L, Guo Z, Sheng Z, Xu M, Chen B, Jia X, Jing S, Lu J, Li G. [Clinical use of acellular allogenic dermis or acellular porcine dermis with split-thickness autologous skin graft in 119 cases]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2000; 38:790-3. [PMID: 11832167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of acellular allogenic dermis or acellular porcine dermis together with split-thickness autologous skin graft on coverage of deep burn wound and the wound of scar excision. METHODS Acellular allogenic dermis or acellular porcine dermis produced by our unit, with split-thickness autologous skin graft, were used in repairing various wounds in 119 cases. The take rate of various wounds was compared, and the take rate of wounds in which autologous skin from different sites was used to cover either acellular allogenic dermis or acellular porcine dermis was also compared. Histological examination and follow-up were made in some cases. RESULTS After tangential excision, eschar excision and scar excision, the wounds were covered with either allogenic acellular dermis or porcine acellular dermis and autologous split-thickness skin. The take rate was found to be (93.4 +/- 3.4)%, (92.1 +/- 4.6)%, (94.5 +/- 3.5)%, respectively. There was no a significant difference in take rate (P > 0.05). No significant difference in take rate between the transplantation of allogenic acellular dermis with autologous split-thickness skin and transplantation of porcine acellular dermis with autologous split-thickness skin was found (P > 0.05). When autologous split-thickness skin harvested from the trunk or extremities was used, the take rate was (93.1 +/- 4.8)%, (89.0 +/- 6.2)%, respectively, whereas the take rate was only about 70% - 80% when skin harvested from the scalp was used. The take rate was only about 40% when acellular allogenic dermis and autologous micro-skin graft were used to cover the wound. Histological examination 19 months after the transplantation revealed normal structure. Collagenous fibers were orderly arranged. There was no apparent hyperplasia of collagenous fibers. Hair follicles, sweat glands and other skin appendages were not found in the healed area. Grossly, no obvious pigmentation was seen, the surface was smooth with slight wound contraction, and the consistency was flexible. CONCLUSION Acellular allogenic split-thickness dermis or acellular porcine split-thickness dermis with autologous split-thickness dermis for coverage of deep burn wound and the wound of scar excision is an ideal material.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chai
- Burns Institute, 304th Hospital, People's liberation Army, Beijing 100037, China
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Pasumarthi KB, Nakajima H, Nakajima HO, Jing S, Field LJ. Enhanced cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis during myocardial hypertrophy in mice expressing a modified TSC2 transgene. Circ Res 2000; 86:1069-77. [PMID: 10827137 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.86.10.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the appearance of benign tumors in multiple organs, including the heart. Disease progression is accompanied by homozygous mutation at 1 of 2 loci (designated TSC1 or TSC2), leading to the suggestion that these genes function as tumor suppressors. In this study, we generated a series of TSC2 cDNAs in which one or more structural motifs were deleted, with the hope that expression of the modified gene product would override the growth-inhibitory activity of the endogenous TSC2 gene product. Several of the modified cDNAs enhanced growth rate, increased endocytosis, and promoted aberrant protein trafficking when expressed in NIH-3T3 cells, thereby mimicking phenotypes typical of TSC2-deficient cells. Surprisingly, targeted expression of the most potent TSC2 cDNA to the heart did not perturb cardiac development. However, the level of cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis in adult transgenic mice was elevated >35-fold during isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy compared with their nontransgenic siblings. These results suggest that alteration of TSC2 gene activity in combination with beta-adrenergic stimulation can reactivate the cell cycle in a limited number of terminally differentiated adult cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Pasumarthi
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Nakajima H, Nakajima HO, Salcher O, Dittiè AS, Dembowsky K, Jing S, Field LJ. Atrial but not ventricular fibrosis in mice expressing a mutant transforming growth factor-beta(1) transgene in the heart. Circ Res 2000; 86:571-9. [PMID: 10720419 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.86.5.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) activity has been observed during pathologic cardiac remodeling in a variety of animal models. In an effort to establish a causal role of TGF-beta(1) in this process, transgenic mice with elevated levels of active myocardial TGF-beta(1) were generated. The cardiac-restricted alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter was used to target expression of a mutant TGF-beta(1) cDNA harboring a cysteine-to-serine substitution at amino acid residue 33. This alteration blocks covalent tethering of the TGF-beta(1) latent complex to the extracellular matrix, thereby rendering a large proportion (>60%) of the transgene-encoded TGF-beta(1) constitutively active. Although similar levels of active TGF-beta(1) were present in the transgenic atria and ventricles, overt fibrosis was observed only in the atria. Surprisingly, increased active TGF-beta(1) levels inhibited ventricular fibroblast DNA synthesis in uninjured hearts and delayed wound healing after myocardial injury. These data suggest that increased TGF-beta(1) activity by itself is insufficient to promote ventricular fibrosis in the adult mouse ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakajima
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind, USA
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Abstract
Thymoma is the most common tumor of the anterior-superior mediastinum. We have identified a line of transgenic mice which spontaneously and heritably develop thymomas at a very high penetrance. The available data suggest that thymoma formation in these mice results as a consequence of transgene insertional mutagenesis. Immune histologic analyses indicate that the thymomas are of epithelial cell origin. Survival studies indicate that tumor progression is more aggressive in females as compared to males (73.9 vs 41.7% mortality at 20 weeks of age, respectively). Fluorescent in situ hybridizations have localized the transgene integration site to the F2-G region of mouse chromosome 2. Translocation encompassing the syntenic region in humans has been implicated in lympho-epithelial thymoma. These animals may constitute a useful resource for the identification of gene(s) which participate in thymoma progression, as well as a model system for screening anti-thymoma therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakajima
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital, 702 Barnhill Drive, Room 2600, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN 46202-5225, USA
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Yue Y, Su J, Cerretti DP, Fox GM, Jing S, Zhou R. Selective inhibition of spinal cord neurite outgrowth and cell survival by the Eph family ligand ephrin-A5. J Neurosci 1999; 19:10026-35. [PMID: 10559410 PMCID: PMC6782947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eph family tyrosine kinase receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, have been shown to play critical roles in cell migration, tissue morphogenesis, and axonal guidance in many different systems. However, their function in the spinal cord has not been examined carefully. We showed in this study that several Eph receptors, including EphA3, Eph A4, and Eph A5, are expressed in the ventral spinal cord in partially overlapping patterns, with EphA5 exhibiting the most widespread transcription in the entire ventral spinal cord during early development. Complementary to the receptor expression, a ligand of these receptors, ephrin-A5, is transcribed in the dorsal half of the spinal cord. Consistent with the spatial location of receptor expression, the ligand selectively inhibits neurite outgrowth and induces cell death of the ventral, but not the dorsal, spinal cord neurons. These observations suggest that interactions between the Eph family receptors and ligands exerts negative influences on ventral spinal cord neurons and thus may play important roles in regulating morphogenesis and axon guidance in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yue
- Laboratory for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Prasolova LA, Jing S. [The coat color mutation in silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes): morphology of guard hairs]. Genetika 1999; 35:1269-1273. [PMID: 10576059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The structure of guard hairs was analyzed in the mottling mutants of silver foxes. The mottling mutation occurred in the population of silver foxes which has been subjected to domestication. Hairs from the mottling areas were shown to have the following distinctions from silvery-black hairs: the lack of clear grana-shaft separation, a lesser thickness and length, another shape and pattern of guard-hair scales, another thickness ratio between cortical and medullar layers, a lesser number of melanocytes in hair bulbs, and a lesser number of dendritic processes in melanocytes. Putative mechanisms underlying the phenotypic effect of the mutant gene that controls mottling are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Prasolova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Gao F, Zhang W, Jing S, Liu Y, Zhang B. [Detection of telomerase activity in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1999; 21:298-301. [PMID: 12567454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the telomerase activity in chinese gastric cancer and their adjacent tissues and to explore the possibility of telomerase as a tumor biological marker. METHODS Telomerase activity was analyzed in 42 primary gastric cancers and their adjacent tissues and 1 benign gastric lesion by a PCR-based telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay. RESULTS The result showed 88.1% (37/42) gastric cancerous specimens displayed telomerase activity. However, only 2 of 42 tissue samples adjacent to the gastric cancer showed telomerase activity. However our results indicated that 1 benign gastric lesion sample expressed telomerase activity. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the detection of telomerase activity might be a useful method in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gao
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Centre of Tumor Biology, Cancer Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100021
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yao
- Hangzhou City Plastic Surgery Hospital, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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48
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Carlomagno F, Melillo RM, Visconti R, Salvatore G, De Vita G, Lupoli G, Yu Y, Jing S, Vecchio G, Fusco A, Santoro M. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor differentially stimulates ret mutants associated with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes and Hirschsprung's disease. Endocrinology 1998; 139:3613-9. [PMID: 9681515 DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.8.6124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ret is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in several neoplastic and developmental diseases affecting the thyroid gland and tissues of neuroectodermal origin. Different ret mutations are associated with different disease phenotypes. Gain-of-function of ret is caused by gene rearrangements in thyroid papillary carcinomas and by point mutations in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A syndrome (MEN2A), in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), and in the more severe MEN2B syndrome. Conversely, Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is associated with loss of function of ret. Recently, it has been shown that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), by binding to the accessory molecule GDNFR-alpha, acts as a functional ligand of Ret and stimulates its tyrosine kinase and biological activity. To ascertain whether the biological effects of ret mutations are modulated by GDNF, we have investigated the responsiveness to GDNF of ret mutants in cell lines coexpressing GDNFR-alpha and MEN2A-, MEN2B-, FMTC-, or HSCR-associated ret mutants. Here, we show that triggering of GDNF affected only ret/MEN2B, i.e. it stimulated ret/MEN2B mitogenic and kinase activities, as well as its ability to phosphorylate Shc, a bona fide Ret substrate. In contrast, ret mutants associated with MEN2A or FMTC (carrying Cys634 or Cys620 mutations) were unresponsive to GDNF. HSCR mutations, by affecting either the extracellular or the intracellular Ret domain, impaired responsiveness to GDNF. These data suggest that the phenotype of human diseases caused by ret mutations can be differentially influenced by GDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Carlomagno
- Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, Dipartimento de Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Facoltá di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universitá di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Yu T, Scully S, Yu Y, Fox GM, Jing S, Zhou R. Expression of GDNF family receptor components during development: implications in the mechanisms of interaction. J Neurosci 1998; 18:4684-96. [PMID: 9614243 PMCID: PMC6792690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and a related factor, neurturin, promote survival of diverse groups of neurons. Both GDNF and neurturin signal via a two-component receptor complex that consists of a ligand-binding GDNF family receptor (GFRalpha-1 or GFRalpha-2) and the receptor protein tyrosine kinase Ret. Recently, a third receptor related to GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2 has also been isolated and designated GFRalpha-3. Although much is known about the interaction among GDNF family factors, Ret, and the alpha-receptors in vitro, it remains unclear about their interactions in vivo. We show here by in situ hybridization that Ret and the alpha-receptors may be colocalized in the same tissues or expressed separately in projecting and target tissues, respectively, indicating that two distinct modes of interaction between Ret and the alpha-receptors exist in vivo. First, Ret may interact with the alpha-receptors expressed in the same cells (termed interaction "in cis") in many tissues and cell populations that respond to GDNF and/or neurturin, such as the substantia nigra, dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord motoneurons, kidney, and intestine. Second, Ret may interact with the alpha-receptors localized in the target neurons (termed interaction "in trans"). In addition, we present evidence in vitro that GFRalpha-1 mediates Ret activation by GDNF in trans. These observations suggest that there are multiple mechanisms regulating the interaction between Ret and the alpha-receptors that mediates the effects of GDNF family trophic factors on the survival and differentiation of cells and on neuron-target interactions in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yu
- Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
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Chiariello M, Visconti R, Carlomagno F, Melillo RM, Bucci C, de Franciscis V, Fox GM, Jing S, Coso OA, Gutkind JS, Fusco A, Santoro M. Signalling of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase through the c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinases (JNKS): evidence for a divergence of the ERKs and JNKs pathways induced by Ret. Oncogene 1998; 16:2435-45. [PMID: 9627110 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The RET proto-oncogene encodes a functional receptor tyrosine kinase (Ret) for the Glial cell line Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF). RET is involved in several neoplastic and non-neoplastic human diseases. Oncogenic activation of RET is detected in human papillary thyroid tumours and in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes. Inactivating mutations of RET have been associated to the congenital megacolon, i.e. Hirschprung's disease. In order to identify pathways that are relevant for Ret signalling to the nucleus, we have investigated its ability to induce the c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinases (JNK). Here we show that triggering the endogenous Ret, expressed in PC12 cells, induces JNK activity; moreover, Ret is able to activate JNK either when transiently transfected in COS-1 cells or when stably expressed in NIH3T3 fibroblasts or in PC Cl 3 epithelial thyroid cells. JNK activation is dependent on the Ret kinase function, as a kinase-deficient RET mutant, associated with Hirschsprung's disease, fails to activate JNK. The pathway leading to the activation of JNK by RET is clearly divergent from that leading to the activation of ERK: substitution of the tyrosine 1062 of Ret, the Shc binding site, for phenylalanine abrogates ERK but not JNK activation. Experiments conducted with dominant negative mutants or with negative regulators demonstrate that JNK activation by Ret is mediated by Rho/Rac related small GTPases and, particularly, by Cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chiariello
- Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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