1
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Lei Z, Chen H, Huang S, Wayment LJ, Xu Q, Zhang W. New Advances in Covalent Network Polymers via Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7829-7906. [PMID: 38829268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Covalent network polymers, as materials composed of atoms interconnected by covalent bonds in a continuous network, are known for their thermal and chemical stability. Over the past two decades, these materials have undergone significant transformations, gaining properties such as malleability, environmental responsiveness, recyclability, crystallinity, and customizable porosity, enabled by the development and integration of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC). In this review, we explore the innovative realm of covalent network polymers by focusing on the recent advances achieved through the application of DCvC. We start by examining the history and fundamental principles of DCvC, detailing its inception and core concepts and noting its key role in reversible covalent bond formation. Then the reprocessability of covalent network polymers enabled by DCvC is thoroughly discussed, starting from the significant milestones that marked the evolution of these polymers and progressing to their current trends and applications. The influence of DCvC on the crystallinity of covalent network polymers is then reviewed, covering their bond diversity, synthesis techniques, and functionalities. In the concluding section, we address the current challenges faced in the field of covalent network polymers and speculates on potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lacey J Wayment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Qiucheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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2
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Chen S, Scholiers V, Zhang M, Zhang J, Zhu J, Prez FED, Pan X. Thermally Responsive Selenide-containing Materials Based on Transalkylation of Selenonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309652. [PMID: 37851486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) possess unique properties as a result of their internal dynamic bonds, such as self-healing and reprocessing abilities. In this study, we report a thermally responsive C-Se dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) that relies on the transalkylation exchange between selenonium salts and selenides, which undergo a fast transalkylation reaction in the absence of any catalyst. Additionally, we demonstrate the presence of a dissociative mechanism in the absence of selenide groups. After incorporation of this DCC into selenide-containing polymer materials, it was observed that the cross-linked networks display varying dynamic exchange rates when using different alkylation reagents, suggesting that the reprocessing capacity of selenide-containing materials can be regulated. Also, by incorporating selenonium salts into polymer materials, we observed that the materials exhibited good healing ability at elevated temperatures as well as excellent solvent resistance at ambient temperature. This novel dynamic covalent chemistry thus provides a straightforward method for the healing and reprocessing of selenide-containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Department Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Scholiers
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Department Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Department Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Department Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Department Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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3
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Anil Kumar HG, Mohan Kumar TM, Divakara TR, Geetha D, Yathirajan HS, Parkin S. Crystal structure studies and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-(di-methyl-aza-nium-yl)-2-hy-droxy-anilinium dichloride monohydrate at 90 K. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:827-830. [PMID: 37693672 PMCID: PMC10483561 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023007223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure and a Hirshfeld surface analysis of the substituted anilinium salt 4-(di-methyl-aza-nium-yl)-2-hy-droxy-anilinium dichloride monohydrate, C8H14N2O+·2Cl-·H2O, at low temperature (90 K) are presented. The organic cation is essentially planar: the r.m.s. deviation of its non-hydrogen atoms (aside from the two methyl groups) is 0.0045 Å. The methyl carbons are 1.3125 (12) Å and 1.1278 (12) Å either side of the mean plane. The crystal packing involves extensive hydrogen bonding of types O-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯OW, and OW-HW⋯Cl (where W = water), which arrange into chains of R 2 4(12) motifs that combine to form corrugated layers parallel to (10). Atom-atom contacts for the cation primarily involve hydrogen, leading to the most abundant coverage percentages being 51.3% (H⋯H), 23.0% (H⋯Cl), 12.9% (H⋯O), and 9.7% (C⋯H).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleyur G. Anil Kumar
- Department of Science and Humanities, PES University, BSK III Stage, Bengaluru-560 085, India
| | - Thaluru M. Mohan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru-560 035, India
| | | | - Doreswamy Geetha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru-570 006, India
| | - Hemmige S. Yathirajan
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru-570 006, India
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA
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4
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Robinson LL, Taddese ES, Self JL, Bates CM, Read de Alaniz J, Geng Z, Hawker CJ. Neighboring Group Participation in Ionic Covalent Adaptable Networks. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay L. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Eden S. Taddese
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Self
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Christopher M. Bates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Zhishuai Geng
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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5
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Wang H, Huang Y, Shi Z, Zhou X, Xue Z. Disulfide Metathesis-Assisted Lithium-Ion Conduction for PEO-Based Polymer Electrolytes. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:991-998. [PMID: 35856719 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The disulfide metathesis is a promising candidate in the dynamically exchanged strategy for improving the self-healing ability of polymer electrolytes (PEs). However, the enhancement effects on the ionic conductivities of PEs are generally ignored while introducing a dynamic covalent bond to PEs. Herein, the oligo(ethylene oxide)-based additive containing a disulfide bond (S-S additive) was synthesized via Michael addition reaction of cystamine and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA). Short PEG chains complexed with Li+ in a S-S additive migrated rapidly in PEs because of the dynamically exchanged strategy of the disulfide bond. Moreover, disulfide bonds in a S-S additive possessed the ability to exchange with the cross-linked network containing disulfide bonds (S-S net). The as-prepared PEs exhibited a high room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.24 × 10-4 S cm-1, demonstrating that the disulfide metathesis-assisted Li+ conduction was feasible for enhancing ionic conductivities of PEs. Relative to other PEO-based PEs, these disulfide-containing PEs possessed a high Li+ transference number (0.54). Furthermore, the lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) assembled with PEs in the presence of a S-S additive presented stable cycle performance, indicating the promising potential of these PEs as candidates for next-generation LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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6
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Fast, strong, and reversible adhesives with dynamic covalent bonds for potential use in wound dressing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203074119. [PMID: 35858303 PMCID: PMC9304023 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203074119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesives typically fall into two categories: those that have high but irreversible adhesion strength due to the formation of covalent bonds at the interface and are slow to deploy, and others that are fast to deploy and the adhesion is reversible but weak in strength due to formation of noncovalent bonds. Synergizing the advantages from both categories remains challenging but pivotal for the development of the next generation of wound dressing adhesives. Here, we report a fast and reversible adhesive consisting of dynamic boronic ester covalent bonds, formed between poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and boric acid (BA) for potential use as a wound dressing adhesive. Mechanical testing shows that the adhesive film has strength in shear of 61 N/cm2 and transcutaneous adhesive strength of 511 N/cm2, generated within 2 min of application. Yet the film can be effortlessly debonded when exposed to excess water. The mechanical properties of PVA/BA adhesives are tunable by varying the cross-linking density. Within seconds of activation by water, the surface boronic ester bonds in the PVA/BA film undergo fast debonding and instant softening, leading to conformal contact with the adherends and reformation of the boronic ester bonds at the interface. Meanwhile, the bulk film remains dehydrated to offer efficient load transmission, which is important to achieve strong adhesion without delamination at the interface. Whether the substrate surface is smooth (e.g., glass) or rough (e.g., hairy mouse skin), PVA/BA adhesives demonstrate superior adhesion compared to the most widely used topical skin adhesive in clinical medicine, Dermabond.
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7
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Saed M, Gablier A, Terentjev EM. Exchangeable Liquid Crystalline Elastomers and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4927-4945. [PMID: 33596647 PMCID: PMC8915166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review presents and discusses the current state of the art in "exchangeable liquid crystalline elastomers", that is, LCE materials utilizing dynamically cross-linked networks capable of reprocessing, reprogramming, and recycling. The focus here is on the chemistry and the specific reaction mechanisms that enable the dynamic bond exchange, of which there is a variety. We compare and contrast these different chemical mechanisms and the key properties of their resulting elastomers. In the conclusion, we discuss the most promising applications that are enabled by dynamic cross-linking and present a summary table: a library of currently available materials and their main characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohand
O. Saed
- Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Alexandra Gablier
- Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Eugene M. Terentjev
- Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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8
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Liu W, Yang S, Huang L, Xu J, Zhao N. Dynamic covalent polymers enabled by reversible isocyanate chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12399-12417. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04747k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversible isocyanate chemistry containing urethane, thiourethane, and urea bonds is valuable for designing dynamic covalent polymers to achieve promising applications in recycling, self-healing, shape morphing, 3D printing, and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shijia Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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9
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Chernowsky CP, Chmiel AF, Wickens ZK. Electrochemical Activation of Diverse Conventional Photoredox Catalysts Induces Potent Photoreductant Activity*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21418-21425. [PMID: 34288312 PMCID: PMC8440429 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose that electrochemical stimulation induces new photocatalytic activity from a range of structurally diverse conventional photocatalysts. These studies uncover a new electron-primed photoredox catalyst capable of promoting the reductive cleavage of strong C(sp2 )-N and C(sp2 )-O bonds. We illustrate several examples of the synthetic utility of these deeply reducing but otherwise safe and mild catalytic conditions. Finally, we employ electrochemical current measurements to perform a reaction progress kinetic analysis. This technique reveals that the improved activity of this new system is a consequence of an enhanced catalyst stability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen P. Chernowsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Alyah F. Chmiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706
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10
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Chernowsky CP, Chmiel AF, Wickens ZK. Electrochemical Activation of Diverse Conventional Photoredox Catalysts Induces Potent Photoreductant Activity**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen P. Chernowsky
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Alyah F. Chmiel
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
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11
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Zhang L, Liu Z, Sun L, Xiao L, Guan Q, You Z. Simple Solvent-Free Strategy for Synthesizing Covalent Adaptable Networks from Commodity Vinyl Monomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zenghe Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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12
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Cuminet F, Caillol S, Dantras É, Leclerc É, Ladmiral V. Neighboring Group Participation and Internal Catalysis Effects on Exchangeable Covalent Bonds: Application to the Thriving Field of Vitrimer Chemistry. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Éric Dantras
- CIRIMAT Physique des Polymères, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Éric Leclerc
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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14
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Aguirresarobe RH, Nevejans S, Reck B, Irusta L, Sardon H, Asua JM, Ballard N. Healable and self-healing polyurethanes using dynamic chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Zheng N, Xu Y, Zhao Q, Xie T. Dynamic Covalent Polymer Networks: A Molecular Platform for Designing Functions beyond Chemical Recycling and Self-Healing. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1716-1745. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Maassen EEL, Heuts JPA, Sijbesma RP. Reversible crosslinking and fast stress relaxation in dynamic polymer networks via transalkylation using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic covalent network using transalkylation of benzyl-DABCO crosslinkers features fast relaxation with a very strong temperature dependence. The network is de-crosslinked by an excess of DABCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline E. L. Maassen
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
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17
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Schoustra SK, Dijksman JA, Zuilhof H, Smulders MMJ. Molecular control over vitrimer-like mechanics - tuneable dynamic motifs based on the Hammett equation in polyimine materials. Chem Sci 2020; 12:293-302. [PMID: 34163597 PMCID: PMC8178953 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05458e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that fine-grained, quantitative control over macroscopic dynamic material properties can be achieved using the Hammett equation in tuneable dynamic covalent polyimine materials. Via this established physical-organic principle, operating on the molecular level, one can fine-tune and control the dynamic material properties on the macroscopic level, by systematic variation of dynamic covalent bond dynamics through selection of the appropriate substituent of the aromatic imine building blocks. Five tuneable, crosslinked polyimine network materials, derived from dianiline monomers with varying Hammett parameter (σ) were studied by rheology, revealing a distinct correlation between the σ value and a range of corresponding dynamic material properties. Firstly, the linear correlation of the kinetic activation energy (E a) for the imine exchange to the σ value, enabled us to tune the E a from 16 to 85 kJ mol-1. Furthermore, the creep behaviour (γ), glass transition (T g) and the topology freezing transition temperature (T v), all showed a strong, often linear, dependence on the σ value of the dianiline monomer. These combined results demonstrate for the first time how dynamic material properties can be directly tuned and designed in a quantitative - and therefore predictable - manner through correlations based on the Hammett equation. Moreover, the polyimine materials were found to be strong elastic rubbers (G' > 1 MPa at room temperature) that were stable up to 300 °C, as confirmed by TGA. Lastly, the dynamic nature of the imine bond enabled not only recycling, but also intrinsic self-healing of the materials over multiple cycles without the need for solvent, catalysts or addition of external chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren K Schoustra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Maarten M J Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
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18
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Perego A, Khabaz F. Volumetric and Rheological Properties of Vitrimers: A Hybrid Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Perego
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 S. Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
| | - Fardin Khabaz
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 S. Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 S. Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
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19
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Yu S, Wu S, Zhang C, Tang Z, Luo Y, Guo B, Zhang L. Catalyst-Free Metathesis of Cyclic Acetals and Spirocyclic Acetal Covalent Adaptable Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1143-1148. [PMID: 35653205 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the exchangeability of dynamic covalent bonds in the covalent adaptable networks (CANs) at elevated temperature, they possess recyclability while still maintaining many of the superior properties of thermosets. The exploration of dynamic covalent chemistry is of great significance to the expansion of CANs library and hence the sustainable development of thermosets. In this work, we discovered that, in absence of catalyst, the direct metathesis of the cyclic acetals proceeds while the acyclic acetals cannot. The metathesis kinetics of the cyclic acetals were fully revealed with model compounds. For the CANs demonstration, a series of cross-linked spirocyclic acetal polymers with excellent reprocessability, high thermal stability, and high refractivity were prepared via thiol-ene click polymerization. We envisage that the uncovering of the catalyst-free metathesis of cyclic acetals will enrich the dynamic chemistry of acetals and greatly promote the development of acetal-based CANs and their potential applications in optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjian Yu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siwu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanlong Luo
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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20
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Melchor Bañales AJ, Larsen MB. Thermal Guanidine Metathesis for Covalent Adaptable Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:937-943. [PMID: 35648604 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a dynamic chemical reaction that we term thermal guanidine metathesis (TGM) can serve as the basis for covalent adaptable network (CAN) materials. CANs are a class of cross-linked polymers that transition from thermoset to thermoplastic-like rheological behavior upon significant activation of reversible exchange reactions within the network and thus can be reprocessed. Small molecule studies indicate the TGM reaction proceeds by a dissociative mechanism, and guanidine-cross-linked network polymers can be reprocessed at elevated temperature. These TGM-based CANs exhibit dynamic behavior, such as dissolution in the presence of monofunctional exchange partners and stress relaxation above Tg. Additionally, differences in the activation energies obtained by small molecule kinetic studies and stress relaxation analysis are consistent with key predictions of the Semenov-Rubinstein model of thermoreversible gelation of highly cross-linked networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
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21
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Hayashi M. Implantation of Recyclability and Healability into Cross-Linked Commercial Polymers by Applying the Vitrimer Concept. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1322. [PMID: 32531918 PMCID: PMC7362076 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitrimers are a new class of cross-linked materials that are capable of network topology alternation through the associative dynamic bond-exchange mechanism, which has recently been invented to solve the problem of conventional cross-linked materials, such as poor recyclability and healability. Thus far, the concept of vitrimers has been applied to various commercial polymers, e.g., polyesters, polylactides, polycarbonates, polydimethylsiloxanes, polydienes, polyurethanes, polyolefins, poly(meth)acrylates, and polystyrenes, by utilizing different compatible bond-exchange reactions. In this review article, the concept of vitrimers is described by clarifying the difference from thermoplastics and supramolecular systems; in addition, the term "associative bond-exchange" in vitrimers is explained by comparison with the "dissociative" term. Several useful functions attained by the vitrimer concept (including recyclability and healability) are demonstrated, and recent molecular designs of vitrimers are classified into groups depending on the types of molecular frameworks. This review specifically focuses on the vitrimer molecular designs with commercial polymer-based frameworks, which provide useful hints for the practical application of the vitrimer concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Hayashi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduated School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
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22
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23
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Kato R, Mirmira P, Sookezian A, Grocke GL, Patel SN, Rowan SJ. Ion-Conducting Dynamic Solid Polymer Electrolyte Adhesives. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:500-506. [PMID: 35648505 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked polymer electrolytes containing structurally dynamic disulfide bonds have been synthesized to investigate their combined ion transport and adhesive properties. Dynamic network polymers of varying cross-link densities are synthesized via thiol oxidation of a bisthiol monomer, 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol, and tetrathiol cross-linker, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate). At optimal loading of lithium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl-imide) (LiTFSI) salt, the ionic conductivities (σ) at 90 °C are about 1 × 10-4 and 1 × 10-5 S/cm at the lowest and highest cross-linking, respectively. Notably, in comparison to the equivalent nondynamic network, the dynamic network shows a positive deviation in σ above 90 °C, which suggests the enhancement of ion transport occurs from the difference in structural relaxation on account of the dissociation of disulfide bonds. Lap shear adhesion and conductivity tests on ITO-coated glass substrates reveal the dynamic network exhibits a higher adhesive shear strength of 0.2 MPa (vs 0.03 MPa for the nondynamic network) and higher σ after the application of external stimulus (UV light or heat). The adhesive strength and σ are stable over multiple debonding/rebonding cycles and, thus, demonstrating the utility of these structurally dynamic networks as solid polymer electrolyte adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kato
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Priyadarshini Mirmira
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Arvin Sookezian
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Garrett L. Grocke
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Shrayesh N. Patel
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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24
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Jourdain A, Asbai R, Anaya O, Chehimi MM, Drockenmuller E, Montarnal D. Rheological Properties of Covalent Adaptable Networks with 1,2,3-Triazolium Cross-Links: The Missing Link between Vitrimers and Dissociative Networks. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Jourdain
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Rawnaq Asbai
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Catalyse, Chimie, Polymères et Procédés, UMR 5265, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Omaima Anaya
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Mohamed M. Chehimi
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR 7182, F-94320 Thiais, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Damien Montarnal
- Univ Lyon, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Catalyse, Chimie, Polymères et Procédés, UMR 5265, F-69003 Lyon, France
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25
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Chakma P, Morley CN, Sparks JL, Konkolewicz D. Exploring How Vitrimer-like Properties Can Be Achieved from Dissociative Exchange in Anilinium Salts. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Colleen N. Morley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Jessica L. Sparks
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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26
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Abstract
The rate of stress relaxation in a vitrimer can be modulated by changing solely the structure of the cross-linker electrophile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia A. Kalow
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
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27
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Lindenmeyer KM, Johnson RD, Miller KM. Self-healing behaviour of furan–maleimide poly(ionic liquid) covalent adaptable networks. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recovery of mechanical (tensile testing) and conductive (chronoamperometric cycling) properties was observed for PIL networks containing thermoreversible furan–maleimide crosslinks.
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28
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Scheutz GM, Lessard JJ, Sims MB, Sumerlin BS. Adaptable Crosslinks in Polymeric Materials: Resolving the Intersection of Thermoplastics and Thermosets. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16181-16196. [PMID: 31525287 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The classical division of polymeric materials into thermoplastics and thermosets based on covalent network structure often implies that these categories are distinct and irreconcilable. Yet, the past two decades have seen extensive development of materials that bridge this gap through incorporation of dynamic crosslinks, enabling them to behave as both robust networks and moldable plastics. Although their potential utility is significant, the growth of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) has obscured the line between "thermoplastic" and "thermoset" and erected a conceptual barrier to the growing number of new researchers entering this discipline. This Perspective aims to both outline the fundamental theory of CANs and provide a critical assessment of their current status. We emphasize throughout that the unique properties of CANs emerge from the network chemistry, and particularly highlight the role that the crosslink exchange mechanism (i.e., dissociative exchange or associative exchange) plays in the resultant material properties under processing conditions. Predominant focus will be on thermally induced dynamic behavior, as the majority of presently employed exchange chemistries rely on thermal stimulus, and it is simple to apply to bulk materials. Lastly, this Perspective aims to identify current issues and address possible solutions for better fundamental understanding within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg M Scheutz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Jacob J Lessard
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Michael B Sims
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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29
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Sheiko SS, Dobrynin AV. Architectural Code for Rubber Elasticity: From Supersoft to Superfirm Materials. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Andrey V. Dobrynin
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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30
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Chakma P, Konkolewicz D. Dynamic Covalent Bonds in Polymeric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9682-9695. [PMID: 30624845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) have received significant attention over the past decade. These are covalent bonds that are capable of exchanging or switching between several molecules. Particular focus has recently been on utilizing these DCBs in polymeric materials. Introduction of DCBs into a polymer material provides it with powerful properties including self-healing, shape-memory properties, increased toughness, and ability to relax stresses as well as to change from one macromolecular architecture to another. This Minireview summarizes commonly used powerful DCBs formed by simple, often "click" reactions, and highlights the powerful materials that can result. Challenges and potential future developments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMiami University 651 East High Street Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMiami University 651 East High Street Oxford OH 45056 USA
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32
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Winne JM, Leibler L, Du Prez FE. Dynamic covalent chemistry in polymer networks: a mechanistic perspective. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01260e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A selection of dynamic chemistries is highlighted, with a focus on the reaction mechanisms of molecular network rearrangements, and on how mechanistic profiles can be related to the mechanical and physicochemical properties of polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M. Winne
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory for Organic Synthesis
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Ludwik Leibler
- UMR Gulliver 7083 CNRS
- ESPCI Paris
- PSL Research University
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory for Organic Synthesis
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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