1
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Niu D. Preparing glycosyl benzothiazoles from 2-isocyanoaryl thioethers and glycosyl radicals under thermal conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5498-5501. [PMID: 38696183 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a method for preparing glycosyl benzothiazoles via radical cascade cyclization, in which glycosyl radicals are generated from readily available and bench-stable allyl glycosyl sulfones. This cascade reaction proceeds under simple conditions and tolerates a broad substrate scope in high yield with excellent stereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies support that the reactions proceed via the intermediacy of imidoyl radicals, which attack the appended sulfide unit by a SH2 process to forge the thiazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Liu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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2
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Homolya L, Mathomes RT, Varga L, Docsa T, Juhász L, Hayes JM, Somsák L. Synthesis, In Silico and Kinetics Evaluation of N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-2-arylimidazole-4(5)-carboxamides and N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-4(5)-arylimidazole-2-carboxamides as Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4591. [PMID: 38731811 PMCID: PMC11083775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently studied N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-3-aryl-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamides have proven to be low micromolar inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), a validated target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since in other settings, the bioisosteric replacement of the 1,2,4-triazole moiety with imidazole resulted in significantly more efficient GP inhibitors, in silico calculations using Glide molecular docking along with unbound state DFT calculations were performed on N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-arylimidazole-carboxamides, revealing their potential for strong GP inhibition. The syntheses of the target compounds involved the formation of an amide bond between per-O-acetylated β-d-glucopyranosylamine and the corresponding arylimidazole-carboxylic acids. Kinetics experiments on rabbit muscle GPb revealed low micromolar inhibitors, with the best inhibition constants (Kis) of ~3-4 µM obtained for 1- and 2-naphthyl-substituted N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-imidazolecarboxamides, 2b-c. The predicted protein-ligand interactions responsible for the observed potencies are discussed and will facilitate the structure-based design of other inhibitors targeting this important therapeutic target. Meanwhile, the importance of the careful consideration of ligand tautomeric states in binding calculations is highlighted, with the usefulness of DFT calculations in this regard proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Homolya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Rachel T. Mathomes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Luca Varga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.V.); (T.D.)
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.V.); (T.D.)
| | - László Juhász
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Joseph M. Hayes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.H.); (L.S.)
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3
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Mishra VK, Khanna A, Tiwari G, Tyagi R, Sagar R. Recent developments on the synthesis of biologically active glycohybrids. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107172. [PMID: 38340475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of hybridization emerges as a potent tool in advancing drug discovery research, with a significant emphasis on carbohydrate-containing hybrid scaffolds. Evidence indicates that linking carbohydrate molecules to privileged bioactive scaffolds enhances the bioactivity of drug molecules. This synergy results in a diverse range of activities, making carbohydrate scaffolds pivotal for synthesizing compound libraries with significant functional and structural diversity. Beyond their synthesis utility, these scaffolds offer applications in screening bioactive molecules, presenting alternative avenues for drug development. This comprehensive review spanning 2015 to 2023 focuses on synthesized glycohybrid molecules, revealing their bioactivity in areas such as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory activities, enzyme inhibition and pesticides. Numerous novel glycohybrids surpass positive control drugs in biological activity. This focused study not only highlights the diverse bioactivities of glycohybrids but also underscores their promising role in innovative drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067 New Delhi
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005; Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067 New Delhi.
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4
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Jiao Y, Shi X, Ju L, Yu S. Photoredox-Catalyzed Synthesis of C-Benzoselenazolyl/Benzothiazolyl Glycosides from 2-Isocyanoaryl Selenoethers/Thioethers and Glycosyl Bromides. Org Lett 2024; 26:390-395. [PMID: 38165656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Molecules containing heteroatoms, such as Se and S, play an indispensable role in the discovery and design of pharmaceuticals, whereas Se has been less studied. Here, we described a photoredox strategy to synthesize C-benzoselenazolyl (Bs) glycosides from 2-isocyanoaryl selenoethers and glycosyl bromides. This reaction was carried out under mild conditions with high efficiency. C-Benzothiazolyl (Bt) glycosides could also be synthesized from 2-isocyanoaryl thioethers using this strategy. This method can access novel seleno/thiosugars, which will benefit Se/S-containing drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoran Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Ju
- Sunichem Company, Limited, Dandong 118003, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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5
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Kun S, Mathomes RT, Docsa T, Somsák L, Hayes JM. Design and Synthesis of 3-(β-d-Glucopyranosyl)-4-amino/4-guanidino Pyrazole Derivatives and Analysis of Their Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitory Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:3005. [PMID: 37049768 PMCID: PMC10095824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a key regulator of glucose levels and, with that, an important target for the discovery of novel treatments against type 2 diabetes. β-d-Glucopyranosyl derivatives have provided some of the most potent GP inhibitors discovered to date. In this regard, C-β-d-glucopyranosyl azole type inhibitors proved to be particularly effective, with 2- and 4-β-d-glucopyranosyl imidazoles among the most potent designed to date. His377 backbone C=O hydrogen bonding and ion-ion interactions of the protonated imidazole with Asp283 from the 280s loop, stabilizing the inactive state, were proposed as crucial to the observed potencies. Towards further exploring these features, 4-amino-3-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole (3) and 3-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-4-guanidino-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole (4) were designed and synthesized with the potential to exploit similar interactions. Binding assay experiments against rabbit muscle GPb revealed 3 as a moderate inhibitor (IC50 = 565 µM), but 4 displayed no inhibition at 625 µM concentration. Towards understanding the observed inhibitions, docking and post-docking molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) binding free energy calculations were performed, together with Monte Carlo and density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the free unbound ligands. The computations revealed that while 3 was predicted to hydrogen bond with His377 C=O in its favoured tautomeric state, the interactions with Asp283 were not direct and there were no ion-ion interactions; for 4, the most stable tautomer did not have the His377 backbone C=O interaction and while ion-ion interactions and direct hydrogen bonding with Asp283 were predicted, the conformational strain and entropy loss of the ligand in the bound state was significant. The importance of consideration of tautomeric states and ligand strain for glucose analogues in the confined space of the catalytic site with the 280s loop in the closed position was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rachel T. Mathomes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Joseph M. Hayes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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Chauhan NS, Dubey A, Mandal PK. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C-H Glycosylation of Free ( N-H) Indole and Tryptophan by Norbornene-Mediated Regioselective C-H Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:7067-7071. [PMID: 36165771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the palladium-catalyzed direct C-H glycosylation of free N-H indole or tryptophan for the stereoselective synthesis of 2-glycosylindoles and tryptophan-C-glycosides. This reaction relies on the ortho-directing transient mediator norbornene, which underwent regioselective C-H functionalization at the indole or tryptophan ring, providing high chemoselectivity. This method offers a more straightforward, step-economical, and cost-effective route to construct C-glycosides. The gram-scale amenable building blocks can be further functionalized at C3 and N-H, displaying the robustness of present method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh Chauhan
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Atul Dubey
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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7
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Xia L, Fan W, Yuan XA, Yu S. Photoredox-Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of C-Nucleoside Analogues from Glycosyl Bromides and Heteroarenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenjing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165 China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165 China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 China
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8
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Zhang ZT, Ma Y, Fan NL, Hu XG. Synthesis of (non-classical) C-acyl-glycosides via Liebeskind–Srogl coupling: Scope, limitation, improved synthesis and antioxidant activity of scleropentaside A. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Sipos Á, Szennyes E, Hajnal NÉ, Kun S, Szabó KE, Uray K, Somsák L, Docsa T, Bokor É. Dual-Target Compounds against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Proof of Concept for Sodium Dependent Glucose Transporter (SGLT) and Glycogen Phosphorylase (GP) Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040364. [PMID: 33920838 PMCID: PMC8071193 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A current trend in the quest for new therapies for complex, multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), is to find dual or even multi-target inhibitors. In DM, the sodium dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys and the glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the liver are validated targets. Several (β-D-glucopyranosylaryl)methyl (het)arene type compounds, called gliflozins, are marketed drugs that target SGLT2. For GP, low nanomolar glucose analogue inhibitors exist. The purpose of this study was to identify dual acting compounds which inhibit both SGLTs and GP. To this end, we have extended the structure-activity relationships of SGLT2 and GP inhibitors to scarcely known (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)methyl arene type compounds and studied several (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)arene type GP inhibitors against SGLT. New compounds, such as 5-arylmethyl-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles, 5-arylmethyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 4-arylmethyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)pyrimidines and 4(5)-benzyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)imidazole were prepared by adapting our previous synthetic methods. None of the studied compounds exhibited cytotoxicity and all of them were assayed for their SGLT1 and 2 inhibitory potentials in a SGLT-overexpressing TSA201 cell system. GP inhibition was also determined by known methods. Several newly synthesized (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)methyl arene derivatives had low micromolar SGLT2 inhibitory activity; however, none of these compounds inhibited GP. On the other hand, several (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)arene type GP inhibitor compounds with low micromolar efficacy against SGLT2 were identified. The best dual inhibitor, 2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4(5)-(2-naphthyl)-imidazole, had a Ki of 31 nM for GP and IC50 of 3.5 μM for SGLT2. This first example of an SGLT-GP dual inhibitor can prospectively be developed into even more efficient dual-target compounds with potential applications in future antidiabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Nikolett Éva Hajnal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Katalin E. Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
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Mavreas KF, Neofytos DD, Chrysina ED, Venturini A, Gimisis T. Synthesis, Kinetic and Conformational Studies of 2-Substituted-5-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-pyrimidin-4-ones as Potential Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225463. [PMID: 33266408 PMCID: PMC7700572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glycogen phosphorylase, an enzyme involved in glucose homeostasis, may lead to a number of pathological states such as type 2 diabetes and cancer, making it an important molecular target for the development of new forms of pharmaceutical intervention. Based on our previous work on the design and synthesis of 4-arylamino-1-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)pyrimidin-2-ones, which inhibit the activity of glycogen phosphorylase by binding at its catalytic site, we report herein a general synthesis of 2-substituted-5-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)pyrimidin-4-ones, a related class of metabolically stable, C-glucosyl-based, analogues. The synthetic development consists of a metallated heterocycle, produced from 5-bromo-2-methylthiouracil, in addition to protected d-gluconolactone, followed by organosilane reduction. The methylthio handle allowed derivatization through hydrolysis, ammonolysis and arylamine substitution, and the new compounds were found to be potent (μM) inhibitors of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase. The results were interpreted with the help of density functional theory calculations and conformational analysis and were compared with previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos F. Mavreas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dionysios D. Neofytos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia D. Chrysina
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.D.C.); (A.V.); (T.G.)
| | - Alessandro Venturini
- Istituto ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.D.C.); (A.V.); (T.G.)
| | - Thanasis Gimisis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.D.C.); (A.V.); (T.G.)
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11
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Kyriakis E, Karra AG, Papaioannou O, Solovou T, Skamnaki VT, Liggri PGV, Zographos SE, Szennyes E, Bokor É, Kun S, Psarra AMG, Somsák L, Leonidas DD. The architecture of hydrogen and sulfur σ-hole interactions explain differences in the inhibitory potency of C-β-d-glucopyranosyl thiazoles, imidazoles and an N-β-d glucopyranosyl tetrazole for human liver glycogen phosphorylase and offer new insights to structure-based design. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115196. [PMID: 31767404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
C-Glucopyranosyl imidazoles, thiazoles, and an N-glucopyranosyl tetrazole were assessed in vitro and ex vivo for their inhibitory efficiency against isoforms of glycogen phosphorylase (GP; a validated pharmacological target for the development of anti-hyperglycaemic agents). Imidazoles proved to be more potent inhibitors than the corresponding thiazoles or the tetrazole. The most potent derivative has a 2-naphthyl substituent, a Ki value of 3.2 µM for hepatic glycogen phosphorylase, displaying also 60% inhibition of GP activity in HepG2 cells, compared to control vehicle treated cells, at 100 μM. X-Ray crystallography studies of the protein - inhibitor complexes revealed the importance of the architecture of inhibitor associated hydrogen bonds or sulfur σ-hole bond interactions to Asn284 OD1, offering new insights to structure-based design efforts. Moreover, while the 2-glucopyranosyl-tetrazole seems to bind differently from the corresponding 1,2,3-triazole compound, the two inhibitors are equipotent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Kyriakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Aikaterini G Karra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Olga Papaioannou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodora Solovou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiota G V Liggri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary; Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna-Maria G Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
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12
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Barr D, Szennyes E, Bokor É, Al-Oanzi ZH, Moffatt C, Kun S, Docsa T, Sipos Á, Davies MP, Mathomes RT, Snape TJ, Agius L, Somsák L, Hayes JM. Identification of C-β-d-Glucopyranosyl Azole-Type Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase That Reduce Glycogenolysis in Hepatocytes: In Silico Design, Synthesis, in Vitro Kinetics, and ex Vivo Studies. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1460-1470. [PMID: 31243960 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several C-β-d-glucopyranosyl azoles have recently been uncovered as among the most potent glycogen phosphorylase (GP) catalytic site inhibitors discovered to date. Toward further exploring their translational potential, ex vivo experiments have been performed for their effectiveness in reduction of glycogenolysis in hepatocytes. New compounds for these experiments were predicted in silico where, for the first time, effective ranking of GP catalytic site inhibitor potencies using the molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) method has been demonstrated. For a congeneric training set of 27 ligands, excellent statistics in terms of Pearson (RP) and Spearman (RS) correlations (both 0.98), predictive index (PI = 0.99), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC = 0.99) for predicted versus experimental binding affinities were obtained, with ligand tautomeric/ionization states additionally considered using density functional theory (DFT). Seven 2-aryl-4(5)-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-imidazoles and 2-aryl-4-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-thiazoles were subsequently synthesized, and kinetics experiments against rabbit muscle GPb revealed new potent inhibitors with best Ki values in the low micromolar range (5c = 1.97 μM; 13b = 4.58 μM). Ten C-β-d-glucopyranosyl azoles were then tested ex vivo in mouse primary hepatocytes. Four of these (5a-c and 9d) demonstrated significant reduction of glucagon stimulated glycogenolysis (IC50 = 30-60 μM). Structural and predicted physicochemical properties associated with their effectiveness were analyzed with permeability related parameters identified as crucial factors. The most effective ligand series 5 contained an imidazole ring, and the calculated pKa (Epik: 6.2; Jaguar 5.5) for protonated imidazole suggests that cellular permeation through the neutral state is favored, while within the cell, there is predicted more favorable binding to GP in the protonated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barr
- School of Physical Sciences & Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ziad H. Al-Oanzi
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Moffatt
- Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Gateway House, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Matthew P. Davies
- School of Physical Sciences & Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel T. Mathomes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Snape
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Loranne Agius
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Joseph M. Hayes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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13
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Stathi A, Mamais M, Chrysina ED, Gimisis T. Anomeric Spironucleosides of β-d-Glucopyranosyl Uracil as Potential Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase. Molecules 2019; 24:E2327. [PMID: 31242546 PMCID: PMC6630470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the case of type 2 diabetes, inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) may prevent unwanted glycogenolysis under high glucose conditions and thus aim at the reduction of excessive glucose production by the liver. Anomeric spironucleosides, such as hydantocidin, present a rich synthetic chemistry and important biological function (e.g., inhibition of GP). For this study, the Suárez radical methodology was successfully applied to synthesize the first example of a 1,6-dioxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane system, not previously constructed via a radical pathway, starting from 6-hydroxymethyl-β-d-glucopyranosyluracil. It was shown that, in the rigid pyranosyl conformation, the required [1,5]-radical translocation was a minor process. The stereochemistry of the spirocycles obtained was unequivocally determined based on the chemical shifts of key sugar protons in the 1H-NMR spectra. The two spirocycles were found to be modest inhibitors of RMGPb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Stathi
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10571 Athens, Greece.
| | - Michael Mamais
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10571 Athens, Greece.
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelia D Chrysina
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Thanasis Gimisis
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10571 Athens, Greece.
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14
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Synthesis of het(aryl) imidazole C-nucleoside analogues by CoFe2O4 NPs catalyzed muti-component coupling reaction. Carbohydr Res 2019; 477:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Abstract
Glycomimetics are compounds that resemble carbohydrate molecules in their chemical structure and/or biological effect. A large variety of compounds can be designed and synthesized to get glycomimetics, however, C-glycosyl derivatives represent one of the most frequently studied subgroup. In the present survey syntheses of a range of five- and six membered C-glycopyranosyl heterocycles, anhydro-aldimine type compounds, exo-glycals, C-glycosyl styrenes, carbon-sulfur bonded oligosaccharide mimics are described. Some of the C-glycopyranosyl azoles, namely 1,2,4-triazoles and imidazoles belong to the most efficient glucose analog inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase known to date. Biological studies revealed the therapeutical potential of such inhibitors. Other synthetic derivatives offer versatile possibilities to get further glycomimetics.
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16
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Szennyes E, Bokor É, Docsa T, Sipos Á, Somsák L. Synthesis of C-β-d-glucopyranosyl derivatives of some fused azoles for the inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase. Carbohydr Res 2019; 472:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Wang B, Li P, Miao T, Zou L, Wang L. Visible-light induced decarboxylative C2-alkylation of benzothiazoles with carboxylic acids under metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:115-121. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02476f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox catalyzed C2-alkylation of benzothiazoles with carboxylic acids was developed by using an acridinium salt as a photocatalyst and air as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Miao
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Long Zou
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
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18
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Synthesis of New C- and N-β-d-Glucopyranosyl Derivatives of Imidazole, 1,2,3-Triazole and Tetrazole, and Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030666. [PMID: 29543771 PMCID: PMC6017874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to broaden the structure-activity relationships of C- and N-β-d-glucopyranosyl azole type inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase. 1-Aryl-4-β-d-gluco-pyranosyl-1,2,3-triazoles were prepared by copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions between O-perbenzylated or O-peracetylated β-d-glucopyranosyl ethynes and aryl azides. 1-β-d-Gluco-pyranosyl-4-phenyl imidazole was obtained in a glycosylation of 4(5)-phenylimidazole with O-peracetylated α-d-glucopyranosyl bromide. C-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-N-substituted-tetrazoles were synthesized by alkylation/arylation of O-perbenzoylated 5-β-d-glucopyranosyl-tetrazole or from a 2,6-anhydroheptose tosylhydrazone and arenediazonium salts. 5-Substituted tetrazoles were glycosylated by O-peracetylated α-d-glucopyranosyl bromide to give N-β-d-glucopyranosyl-C-substituted-tetrazoles. Standard deprotections gave test compounds which were assayed against rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b. Most of the compounds proved inactive, the best inhibitor was 2-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5-phenyltetrazole (IC50 600 μM). These studies extended the structure-activity relationships of β-d-glucopyranosyl azole type inhibitors and revealed the extreme sensitivity of such type of inhibitors towards the structure of the azole moiety.
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19
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Bokor É, Kyriakis E, Solovou TGA, Koppány C, Kantsadi AL, Szabó KE, Szakács A, Stravodimos GA, Docsa T, Skamnaki VT, Zographos SE, Gergely P, Leonidas DD, Somsák L. Nanomolar Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase Based on β-d-Glucosaminyl Heterocycles: A Combined Synthetic, Enzyme Kinetic, and Protein Crystallography Study. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9251-9262. [PMID: 28925695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aryl substituted 1-(β-d-glucosaminyl)-1,2,3-triazoles as well as C-β-d-glucosaminyl 1,2,4-triazoles and imidazoles were synthesized and tested as inhibitors against muscle and liver isoforms of glycogen phosphorylase (GP). While the N-β-d-glucosaminyl 1,2,3-triazoles showed weak or no inhibition, the C-β-d-glucosaminyl derivatives had potent activity, and the best inhibitor was the 2-(β-d-glucosaminyl)-4(5)-(2-naphthyl)-imidazole with a Ki value of 143 nM against human liver GPa. An X-ray crystallography study of the rabbit muscle GPb inhibitor complexes revealed structural features of the strong binding and offered an explanation for the differences in inhibitory potency between glucosyl and glucosaminyl derivatives and also for the differences between imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Efthimios Kyriakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodora G A Solovou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Csenge Koppány
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anastassia L Kantsadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Katalin E Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szakács
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - George A Stravodimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
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20
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van der Waals interactions govern C -β- d -glucopyranosyl triazoles’ nM inhibitory potency in human liver glycogen phosphorylase. J Struct Biol 2017; 199:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Mamais M, Degli Esposti A, Kouloumoundra V, Gustavsson T, Monti F, Venturini A, Chrysina ED, Markovitsi D, Gimisis T. A New Potent Inhibitor of Glycogen Phosphorylase Reveals the Basicity of the Catalytic Site. Chemistry 2017; 23:8800-8805. [PMID: 28493496 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a glucose-based acridone derivative (GLAC), a potent inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) are described. GLAC is the first inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase, the electronic absorption properties of which are clearly distinguishable from those of the enzyme. This allows probing subtle interactions in the catalytic site. The GLAC absorption spectra, associated with X-ray crystallography and quantum chemistry calculations, reveal that part of the catalytic site of GP behaves as a highly basic environment in which GLAC exists as a bis-anion. This is explained by water-bridged hydrogen-bonding interactions with specific catalytic site residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mamais
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Filippo Monti
- Istituto ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Evangelia D Chrysina
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Thanasis Gimisis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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Nagy L, Márton J, Vida A, Kis G, Bokor É, Kun S, Gönczi M, Docsa T, Tóth A, Antal M, Gergely P, Csóka B, Pacher P, Somsák L, Bai P. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibition improves beta cell function. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:301-319. [PMID: 28409826 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is the key enzyme for glycogen degradation. GP inhibitors (GPi-s) are glucose lowering agents that cause the accumulation of glucose in the liver as glycogen. Glycogen metabolism has implications in beta cell function. Glycogen degradation can maintain cellular glucose levels, which feeds into catabolism to maintain insulin secretion, and elevated glycogen degradation levels contribute to glucotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to assess whether influencing glycogen metabolism in beta cells by GPi-s affects the function of these cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of structurally different GPi-s were investigated on MIN6 insulinoma cells and in a mouse model of diabetes. KEY RESULTS GPi treatment increased glycogen content and, consequently, the surface area of glycogen in MIN6 cells. Furthermore, GPi treatment induced insulin receptor β (InsRβ), Akt and p70S6K phosphorylation, as well as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1(PDX1) and insulin expression. In line with these findings, GPi-s enhanced non-stimulated and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. The InsRβ was shown to co-localize with glycogen particles as confirmed by in silico screening, where components of InsR signalling were identified as glycogen-bound proteins. GPi-s also activated the pathway of insulin secretion, indicated by enhanced glycolysis, mitochondrial oxidation and calcium signalling. Finally, GPi-s increased the size of islets of Langerhans and improved glucose-induced insulin release in mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that GPi-s also target beta cells and can be repurposed as agents to preserve beta cell function or even ameliorate beta cell dysfunction in different forms of diabetes. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Márton
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Vida
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gréta Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Gönczi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Antal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Neuroscience Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Csóka
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary.,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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23
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Zhang S, Niu YH, Ye XS. General Approach to Five-Membered Nitrogen Heteroaryl C-Glycosides Using a Palladium/Copper Cocatalyzed C–H Functionalization Strategy. Org Lett 2017; 19:3608-3611. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic
Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - You-Hong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic
Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic
Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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24
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Llantén H, Barata-Vallejo S, Postigo A, Colinas PA. Synthesis of C -glycosylmethyl isoxazoles via aerobic oxidation of ketoximes catalyzed by TEMPO. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Discovery of new nanomolar inhibitors of GPa: Extension of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridinyl-3-yl amide-based GPa inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:341-356. [PMID: 28076824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen Phosphorylase (GP) is a functionally active dimeric enzyme, which is a target for inhibition of the conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate. In this study we report the design and synthesis of 14 new pyridone derivatives, and seek to extend the SAR analysis of these compounds. The SAR revealed the minor influence of the amide group, importance of the pyridone ring both spatially around the pyridine ring and for possible π-stacking, and confirmed a preference for inclusion of 3,4-dichlorobenzyl moieties, as bookends to the pyridone scaffold. Upon exploring a dimer strategy as part of the SAR analysis, the first extended 2-oxo-dihydropyridinyl-3-yl amide nanomolar based inhibitors of GPa (IC50 = 230 and 260 nM) were identified.
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26
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Bokor É, Kun S, Goyard D, Tóth M, Praly JP, Vidal S, Somsák L. C-Glycopyranosyl Arenes and Hetarenes: Synthetic Methods and Bioactivity Focused on Antidiabetic Potential. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1687-1764. [PMID: 28121130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This Review summarizes close to 500 primary publications and surveys published since 2000 about the syntheses and diverse bioactivities of C-glycopyranosyl (het)arenes. A classification of the preparative routes to these synthetic targets according to methodologies and compound categories is provided. Several of these compounds, regardless of their natural or synthetic origin, display antidiabetic properties due to enzyme inhibition (glycogen phosphorylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) or by inhibiting renal sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). The latter class of synthetic inhibitors, very recently approved as antihyperglycemic drugs, opens new perspectives in the pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes. Various compounds with the C-glycopyranosyl (het)arene motif were subjected to biological studies displaying among others antioxidant, antiviral, antibiotic, antiadhesive, cytotoxic, and glycoenzyme inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, Debrecen H-4002, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, Debrecen H-4002, Hungary
| | - David Goyard
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS , 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Marietta Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, Debrecen H-4002, Hungary
| | - Jean-Pierre Praly
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS , 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS , 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, Debrecen H-4002, Hungary
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27
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Kantsadi AL, Bokor É, Kun S, Stravodimos GA, Chatzileontiadou DS, Leonidas DD, Juhász-Tóth É, Szakács A, Batta G, Docsa T, Gergely P, Somsák L. Synthetic, enzyme kinetic, and protein crystallographic studies of C -β- d -glucopyranosyl pyrroles and imidazoles reveal and explain low nanomolar inhibition of human liver glycogen phosphorylase. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:737-745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Donnier-Maréchal M, Vidal S. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors: a patent review (2013 - 2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:199-212. [PMID: 26666989 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1131268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Control of glycemia is crucial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes complications. Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) releases glucose from the liver into the blood stream. Design of potent GP inhibitors is a therapeutic strategy in the context of type 2 diabetes. AREAS COVERED Glucose-based inhibitors have found potential applications since they now reach low nanomolar Ki values. Another set of patents disclose cholic acid/7-aza-indole conjugates for targeted drug delivery to the liver. A series of benzazepinones have also been reported as potent GP inhibitors. In vitro data are reported for GP inhibition but the in vivo biological data at the cellular or animal levels are often missing, even though the literature reported for these molecules is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION A structural analogy between glucose-based GP inhibitors and C-glucosides targeting sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is intriguing. Cholic acid/7-aza-indole conjugates are promising in vivo drug delivery systems to the liver. Benzazepinones were very recently described and no associated literature is available, making it very difficult to comment at present. While industry has slowed down on GP inhibitors design, academic groups are pursuing investigations and have provided potential drug candidates which will resuscitate the interest for GP, including its potential for targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Donnier-Maréchal
- a Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, UMR 5246 , CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- a Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, UMR 5246 , CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
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Szennyes E, Bokor É, Batta G, Docsa T, Gergely P, Somsák L. Improved preparation of 4(5)-aryl-2-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-imidazoles, the most efficient glucose analogue inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21839c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Large scale (up to 20 g) preparation ofIandIIallowed the best inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylaseIIIto be synthesized in close to 60% overall yields fromI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4002 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4002 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4002 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Debrecen
- H-4032 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Debrecen
- H-4032 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4002 Debrecen
- Hungary
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