1
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Sarker P, Su X, Rojas OJ, Khan SA. Colloidal interactions between nanochitin and surfactants: Connecting micro- and macroscopic properties by isothermal titration calorimetry and rheology. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122341. [PMID: 38876727 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
This study elucidates the intricate interactions between chitin nanocrystals (ChNC) and surfactants of same hydrophobic tail (C12) but different head groups types (anionic, cationic, nonionic): sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), and polyoxyethylene(23)lauryl ether (Brij-35). Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and rheology are used to study the complex ChNC-surfactant interactions in aqueous media, affected by adsorption, self-assembly and micellization. The ITC results demonstrate that the surfactant head group significantly influences the dynamics and nature of the involved phenomena. Cationic DTAB's reveal minimal interaction with ChNC, non-ionic Brij-25's interact moderately at low concentrations driven by hydrophobic effects while SDS's interacts strongly and show complex interaction patterns that fall across four distinct regimes with SDS addition. We attribute such behavior to initiate through electrostatic attraction and terminate in surfactant micelle formation on ChNC surfaces. ITC also elucidates the impact of ChNC concentration on key parameters including critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and saturation concentration (C2). Dynamic rheological analysis indicates the molecular interactions translate to non-linear variations in the elastic modulus (G') upon SDS addition mirroring that observed in ITC experiments. Such a direct correlation between molecular interactions and macroscopic rheological properties provides insights to aid in the creation of nanocomposites with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prottasha Sarker
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Xiaoya Su
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Saad A Khan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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2
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Dong X, Shi L, Ma S, Chen X, Cao S, Li W, Zhao Z, Chen C, Deng H. Chitin/Chitosan Nanofibers Toward a Sustainable Future: From Hierarchical Structural Regulation to Functionalization Applications. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39255018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its multiple fascinating properties of renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity, chitin is expected to become a green cornerstone of next-generation functional materials. Chitin nanofibers, as building blocks, form multiscale hierarchical structures spanning nano- and macrolevels in living organisms, which pave the way for sophisticated functions. Therefore, from a biomimetic perspective, exploiting chitin nanofibers for use in multifunctional, high-performance materials is a promising approach. Here, we first summarize the latest advances in the multiscale hierarchical structure assembly mode of chitin and its derivative nanofibers, including top-down exfoliation and bottom-up synthesis. Subsequently, we emphasize the environmental impacts of these methods, which are crucial for whether chitin nanofibers can truly contribute to a more eco-friendly era. Furthermore, the latest progress of chitin nanofibers in environmental and medical applications is also discussed. Finally, the potential challenges and tailored solutions of chitin nanofibers are further proposed, covering raw material, structure, function, manufacturing, policies, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Shiyi Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Ze Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Hongbing Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
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3
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Liu H, Wang Z, Xin H, Liu J, Wang Q, Pang B, Zhang K. Polysaccharide Nanocrystals-Based Chiral Nematic Structures: From Self-Assembly Mechanisms, Regulation, to Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22675-22708. [PMID: 39137301 PMCID: PMC11363144 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Chiral architectures, one of the key structural features of natural systems ranging from the nanoscale to macroscale, are an infinite source of inspiration for functional materials. Researchers have been, and still are, strongly pursuing the goal of constructing such structures with renewable and sustainable building blocks via simple and efficient strategies. With the merits of high sustainability, renewability, and the ability to self-assemble into chiral nematic structures in aqueous suspensions that can be preserved in the solid state, polysaccharide nanocrystals (PNs) including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) offer opportunities to reach the target. We herein provide a comprehensive review that focuses on the development of CNCs and ChNCs for the use in advanced functional materials. First, the introduction of CNCs and ChNCs, and cellulose- and chitin-formed chiral nematic organizations in the natural world, are given. Then, the self-assembly process of such PNs and the factors influencing this process are comprehensively discussed. After that, we showcased the emerging applications of the self-assembled chiral nematic structures of CNCs and ChNCs. Finally, this review concludes with perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- National
Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber
Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haowei Xin
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, National
University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable
Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based
Composites, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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4
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Wang L, Wang Y, Chu C, Hu J, Wu S, Ma Y. Chirality Determination of Nanocrystals by Electron Crystallography. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6896-6908. [PMID: 38935349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Chirality is a common phenomenon in nature and plays an important role in the properties of matter. The rational synthesis of chiral compounds and exploration of their applications in various fields require an unambiguous determination of their handedness. However, in many cases, determinations of the chiral crystal structure and chiral morphology have been a challenging task due to the lack of proper characterization methods, especially for nanosized crystals. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel and efficient characterization methods. Owing to the strong interactions between matter and electrons, electron crystallography has become a powerful tool for structural analysis of nanomaterials. In recent years, methods based on electron crystallography, such as high-resolution electron microscopy imaging and electron diffraction, have been developed to unravel the chirality of nanomaterials. This brings new opportunities to the design, synthesis, and applications of versatile chiral nanomaterials. In this perspective, we summarize the recent methodology developments and ongoing research of electron crystallography for chiral structure and morphology determination of nanocrystals, including inorganic and organic materials, as well as highlight the potential and further improvement of these methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Chu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Shitao Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
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5
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Mhatre S, Niu X, Bautista GF, Sumanasinghe S, Rojas OJ. Electric field-modulated evaporative thin film deposition of bio-particles for piezoelectric applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12611-12623. [PMID: 38881312 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00777h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Bio-based functional materials can be used to replace or limit the use of synthetic materials sourced from unsustainable sources. However, the potential of such materials remains largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate the use of weak AC electric fields to deposit ultra-thin piezoelectric films from cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). This is the first time electric fields are used to realize <50 nm thick uniform bio-based piezoelectric films wherein the bioparticles exhibit unidirectional arrangement. Interestingly, we found that the use of weak AC electric fields of suitable frequencies completely mitigates the coffee ring effect (CRE), which results in defect-free uniform ultra-thin films. Additionally, the electric fields appear to help in realizing unidirectional alignment of particles in the films, which enhances their piezoelectric properties. The method was also tested for chitin nanocrystals (ChNC), which have a similar aspect ratio but bear opposite polarity surface charges, and the influence of the field on coffee ring formation and particle orientation in CNC thin film deposition was validated. The phenomena can be attributed to the constant spatio-temporal curvature of the evaporating liquid film, the transient state between the three-phase contact (TPC) line, the electric field-dependent contact angle, and the permanent and field-induced dipole moments. These factors lead to particle polarization and alignment. The films have an optimum electrical frequency of deposition at which they are continuous and uniformly thin, have unidirectional alignment of particles, and function as a single dipole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Mhatre
- BioProducts Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Xun Niu
- BioProducts Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Gio F Bautista
- BioProducts Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
| | - Sajana Sumanasinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- BioProducts Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
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6
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Guo T, Wan Z, Panahi-Sarmad M, Banvillet G, Lu Y, Zargar S, Tian J, Jiang F, Mao Y, Tu Q, Rojas OJ. Chitin Nanofibers Enable the Colloidal Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials in Aqueous Phase and Hybrid Material Coassembly. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14954-14967. [PMID: 38820368 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Chitin nanofibrils (ChNF) sourced from discarded marine biomass are shown as effective stabilizers of carbon nanomaterials in aqueous media. Such stabilization is evaluated for carbon nanotubes (CNT) considering spatial and temporal perspectives by using experimental (small-angle X-ray scattering, among others) and theoretical (atomistic simulation) approaches. We reveal that the coassembly of ChNF and CNT is governed by hydrophobic interactions, while electrostatic repulsion drives the colloidal stabilization of the hybrid ChNF/CNT system. Related effects are found to be transferable to multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets. The observations explain the functionality of hybrid membranes obtained by aqueous phase processing, which benefit from an excellent areal mass distribution (correlated to piezoresistivity), also contributing to high electromechanical performance. The water resistance and flexibility of the ChNF/CNT membranes (along with its tensile strength at break of 190 MPa, conductivity of up to 426 S/cm, and piezoresistivity and light absorption properties) are conveniently combined in a device demonstration, a sunlight water evaporator. The latter is shown to present a high evaporation rate (as high as 1.425 kg water m-2 h-1 under one sun illumination) and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Guo
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhangmin Wan
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mahyar Panahi-Sarmad
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gabriel Banvillet
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yi Lu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shiva Zargar
- Sustainable Bioeconomy Research Group, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Jing Tian
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Qingshi Tu
- Sustainable Bioeconomy Research Group, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2900-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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7
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Grachev V, Deschaume O, Lang PR, Lettinga MP, Bartic C, Thielemans W. Dimensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Cotton and Bacterial Cellulose: Comparison of Microscopy and Scattering Techniques. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:455. [PMID: 38470785 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Different microscopy and scattering methods used in the literature to determine the dimensions of cellulose nanocrystals derived from cotton and bacterial cellulose were compared to investigate potential bias and discrepancies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), depolarized dynamic light scattering (DDLS), and static light scattering (SLS) were compared. The lengths, widths, and heights of the particles and their respective distributions were determined by AFM. In agreement with previous work, the CNCs were found to have a ribbon-like shape, regardless of the source of cellulose or the surface functional groups. Tip broadening and agglomeration of the particles during deposition cause AFM-derived lateral dimensions to be systematically larger those obtained from SAXS measurements. The radius of gyration determined by SLS showed a good correlation with the dimensions obtained by AFM. The hydrodynamic lateral dimensions determined by DDLS were found to have the same magnitude as either the width or height obtained from the other techniques; however, the precision of DDLS was limited due to the mismatch between the cylindrical model and the actual shape of the CNCs, and to constraints in the fitting procedure. Therefore, the combination of AFM and SAXS, or microscopy and small-angle scattering, is recommended for the most accurate determination of CNC dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Grachev
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Laboratory for Soft Matter Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D Box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter R Lang
- Institute for Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes Group (IBI-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Minne Paul Lettinga
- Laboratory for Soft Matter Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D Box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute for Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes Group (IBI-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Laboratory for Soft Matter Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D Box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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8
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Frka-Petesic B, Parton TG, Honorato-Rios C, Narkevicius A, Ballu K, Shen Q, Lu Z, Ogawa Y, Haataja JS, Droguet BE, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Structural Color from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Chitin Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly, Optics, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12595-12756. [PMID: 38011110 PMCID: PMC10729353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such, polysaccharides are drawing increasing attention due to offering a renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible feedstock for functional nanomaterials. In particular, nanocrystals of cellulose and chitin have emerged as versatile and sustainable building blocks for diverse applications, ranging from mechanical reinforcement to structural coloration. Much of this interest arises from the tendency of these colloidally stable nanoparticles to self-organize in water into a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal, which can be readily manipulated in terms of its periodicity, structure, and geometry. Importantly, this helicoidal ordering can be retained into the solid-state, offering an accessible route to complex nanostructured films, coatings, and particles. In this review, the process of forming iridescent, structurally colored films from suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is summarized and the mechanisms underlying the chemical and physical phenomena at each stage in the process explored. Analogy is then drawn with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), allowing for key differences to be critically assessed and strategies toward structural coloration to be presented. Importantly, the progress toward translating this technology from academia to industry is summarized, with unresolved scientific and technical questions put forward as challenges to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Honorato-Rios
- Department
of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- B
CUBE − Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Ballu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV-CNRS,
CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box
15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin E. Droguet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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9
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He Y, Lin X, Feng Y, Wu F, Luo B, Liu M. Non-spherical assemblies of chitin nanocrystals by drop impact assembly. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 651:714-725. [PMID: 37567115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Preparing complex non-spherical assemblies of elongated nanoparticles and exploring their topological conformations is a challenge due to liquid crystals' mobility and elastic distortion. Here, we fabricated a variety of non-spherical liquid crystal assemblies of chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) in a coagulation bath containing sodium triphosphate (STP) by drop impact assembly method, and the forming mechanism and internal topology were systematically investigated. The collection height, ChNCs concentration, and STP concentration have significant influence on the shape and size of the assembled structures. Long-range ordered structures and long-lived topological textures of the ChNCs liquid crystal can be obtained since a molecular interaction of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attractions between ChNCs and STP occur during the impact assembly. Rheological and kinetic analysis suggested the shear thinning behavior of the ChNCs liquid crystals and the rapid gelation phenomenon of ChNCs induced by STP. Morphology results showed that the rod-like ChNCs in the non-spherical assemblies were orderly and closely arranged with periodic repetition and layered structure. The non-spherical assemblies of ChNCs liquid crystals can be used as carriers of carbon nanotubes, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, synthesized polymers, and anticancer drugs for functional composite applications. The drop impact assembly method of ChNCs liquid crystal structure is highly controllable on the composition, morphology, and function, which shows promising applications in energy, environmental-friendly, and bioactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Binghong Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China.
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10
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Bai Y, Zhao B, Ni J, Sun L, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Han S, Gao F, Zhang C. Construction of composite films using carbon nanodots for blocking ultraviolet light from the Sun. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23728-23735. [PMID: 37555088 PMCID: PMC10405637 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) which demonstrate concentration-dependent emission and have a photoluminescence quantum yield of 45% were designed. Transparent CND-containing composite films (CND-films), obtained by combining the CNDs with polyvinyl alcohol in different proportions, were shown to block the UV component of sunlight. Whereas the pure PVA film could not block UV light, the ability of CND-films to block UV light could be adjusted by altering the proportion of CNDs in the film. The larger the proportion of CNDs, the greater the extent of UV blocking. CND-film containing 32 wt% CNDs completely blocked UV light (≤400 nm) from sunlight, without affecting the transmission of visible light (>800 nm). The ability of the CND-films to block the UV component of sunlight was investigated using a commercially available UV-induced color change card, which confirmed that the capacity of the CND-films to block UV light could be adjusted by altering the proportion of CNDs in the film. This study shows that CNDs with concentration-dependent long wavelength emission characteristics can be used as optical barrier units for the preparation of materials to block high-energy short wavelength light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Jiaxin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Lianhang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Shiyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Fugang Gao
- Jiangsu Transline Technology Co. Ltd Changzhou 213100 China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
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11
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Lee S, Hao LT, Park J, Oh DX, Hwang DS. Nanochitin and Nanochitosan: Chitin Nanostructure Engineering with Multiscale Properties for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203325. [PMID: 35639091 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanochitin and nanochitosan (with random-copolymer-based multiscale architectures of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine units) have recently attracted immense attention for the development of green, sustainable, and advanced functional materials. Nanochitin and nanochitosan are multiscale materials from small oligomers, rod-shaped nanocrystals, longer nanofibers, to hierarchical assemblies of nanofibers. Various physical properties of chitin and chitosan depend on their molecular- and nanostructures; translational research has utilized them for a wide range of applications (biomedical, industrial, environmental, and so on). Instead of reviewing the entire extensive literature on chitin and chitosan, here, recent developments in multiscale-dependent material properties and their applications are highlighted; immune, medical, reinforcing, adhesive, green electrochemical materials, biological scaffolds, and sustainable food packaging are discussed considering the size, shape, and assembly of chitin nanostructures. In summary, new perspectives for the development of sustainable advanced functional materials based on nanochitin and nanochitosan by understanding and engineering their multiscale properties are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Lam Tan Hao
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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12
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High‐Humidity Shaker Aging to Access Chitin and Cellulose Nanocrystals**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207206. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Moores A, Jin T, Liu T, Hajiali F, Santos M, Liu Y, Kurdyla D, Régnier S, Hrapovic S, Lam E. High‐Humidity Shaker Aging to Access Chitin and Cellulose Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Moores
- McGill University Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry 801 Sherbrooke St. West H3A0B8 Montréal CANADA
| | - Tony Jin
- McGill University Chemistry CANADA
| | | | | | | | - Yali Liu
- National Research Council Canada Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre CANADA
| | - Davis Kurdyla
- National Research Council Canada Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre CANADA
| | - Sophie Régnier
- National Research Council Canada Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre CANADA
| | - Sabahudin Hrapovic
- National Research Council Canada Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre CANADA
| | - Edmond Lam
- National Research Council Canada Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre CANADA
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14
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Hartmann R, Beaumont M, Pasquie E, Rosenau T, Serna-Guerrero R. N-Alkylated Chitin Nanocrystals as a Collector in Malachite Flotation. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:10570-10578. [PMID: 35991757 PMCID: PMC9382668 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The majority of reagents currently used in mineral flotation processes are fossil-based and potentially harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to find environmentally-friendly alternatives to reduce the impact of mineral processing activities. Chitin nanocrystals are a renewable resource that, due to the natural presence of amino groups on its surface, represents a promising collector for various minerals of economic relevance. This study examines the one-pot functionalization of chitin nanocrystals with aldehyde structures to obtain hydrophobized colloids suitable for mineral flotation. The chemical properties of these nano-colloids were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, their colloidal behavior and structure by electrophoretic light scattering and atomic force microscopy, and their wettability through water contact angle measurements. The functionalized N-alkylated chitin nanocrystals possessed a hydrophobic character, were able to dress mineral particles and featured a performance in the flotation of malachite similar to commercial collectors, which proves the high potential of chitin nanocrystals in this field of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hartmann
- Department
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 12200, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Fraunhofer
Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes, D-06237 Leuna, Germany
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Eva Pasquie
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering), LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero
- Department
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 12200, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
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15
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Bai L, Liu L, Esquivel M, Tardy BL, Huan S, Niu X, Liu S, Yang G, Fan Y, Rojas OJ. Nanochitin: Chemistry, Structure, Assembly, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11604-11674. [PMID: 35653785 PMCID: PMC9284562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a fascinating biopolymer found in living organisms, fulfills current demands of availability, sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, and renewability. A feature of chitin is its ability to structure into hierarchical assemblies, spanning the nano- and macroscales, imparting toughness and resistance (chemical, biological, among others) to multicomponent materials as well as adding adaptability, tunability, and versatility. Retaining the inherent structural characteristics of chitin and its colloidal features in dispersed media has been central to its use, considering it as a building block for the construction of emerging materials. Top-down chitin designs have been reported and differentiate from the traditional molecular-level, bottom-up synthesis and assembly for material development. Such topics are the focus of this Review, which also covers the origins and biological characteristics of chitin and their influence on the morphological and physical-chemical properties. We discuss recent achievements in the isolation, deconstruction, and fractionation of chitin nanostructures of varying axial aspects (nanofibrils and nanorods) along with methods for their modification and assembly into functional materials. We highlight the role of nanochitin in its native architecture and as a component of materials subjected to multiscale interactions, leading to highly dynamic and functional structures. We introduce the most recent advances in the applications of nanochitin-derived materials and industrialization efforts, following green manufacturing principles. Finally, we offer a critical perspective about the adoption of nanochitin in the context of advanced, sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel and Chemicals,
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Marianelly Esquivel
- Polymer
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica
| | - Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Siqi Huan
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xun Niu
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of
Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel and Chemicals,
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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16
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Fittolani G, Vargová D, Seeberger PH, Ogawa Y, Delbianco M. Bottom-Up Approach to Understand Chirality Transfer across Scales in Cellulose Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12469-12475. [PMID: 35765970 PMCID: PMC9284553 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is a polysaccharide that displays chirality across different scales, from the molecular to the supramolecular level. This feature has been exploited to generate chiral materials. To date, the mechanism of chirality transfer from the molecular level to higher-order assemblies has remained elusive, partially due to the heterogeneity of cellulose samples obtained via top-down approaches. Here, we present a bottom-up approach that uses well-defined cellulose oligomers as tools to understand the transfer of chirality from the single oligomer to supramolecular assemblies beyond the single cellulose crystal. Synthetic cellulose oligomers with defined sequences self-assembled into thin micrometer-sized platelets with controllable thicknesses. These platelets further assembled into bundles displaying intrinsic chiral features, directly correlated to the monosaccharide chirality. Altering the stereochemistry of the oligomer termini impacted the chirality of the self-assembled bundles and thus allowed for the manipulation of the cellulose assemblies at the molecular level. The molecular description of cellulose assemblies and their chirality will improve our ability to control and tune cellulose materials. The bottom-up approach could be expanded to other polysaccharides whose supramolecular chirality is less understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denisa Vargová
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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17
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Parton TG, Parker RM, van de Kerkhof GT, Narkevicius A, Haataja JS, Frka-Petesic B, Vignolini S. Chiral self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals is driven by crystallite bundles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2657. [PMID: 35550506 PMCID: PMC9098854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The transfer of chirality across length-scales is an intriguing and universal natural phenomenon. However, connecting the properties of individual building blocks to the emergent features of their resulting large-scale structure remains a challenge. In this work, we investigate the origins of mesophase chirality in cellulose nanocrystal suspensions, whose self-assembly into chiral photonic films has attracted significant interest. By correlating the ensemble behaviour in suspensions and films with a quantitative morphological analysis of the individual nanoparticles, we reveal an inverse relationship between the cholesteric pitch and the abundance of laterally-bound composite particles. These 'bundles' thus act as colloidal chiral dopants, analogous to those used in molecular liquid crystals, providing the missing link in the hierarchical transfer of chirality from the molecular to the colloidal scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Parton
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Richard M Parker
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Gea T van de Kerkhof
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Johannes S Haataja
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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18
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Heyvaert W, Pedrazo-Tardajos A, Kadu A, Claes N, González-Rubio G, Liz-Marzán LM, Albrecht W, Bals S. Quantification of the Helical Morphology of Chiral Gold Nanorods. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2022; 4:642-649. [PMID: 35400146 PMCID: PMC8986031 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.2c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chirality in inorganic nanoparticles and nanostructures has gained increasing scientific interest, because of the possibility to tune their ability to interact differently with left- and right-handed circularly polarized light. In some cases, the optical activity is hypothesized to originate from a chiral morphology of the nanomaterial. However, quantifying the degree of chirality in objects with sizes of tens of nanometers is far from straightforward. Electron tomography offers the possibility to faithfully retrieve the three-dimensional morphology of nanomaterials, but only a qualitative interpretation of the morphology of chiral nanoparticles has been possible so far. We introduce herein a methodology that enables us to quantify the helicity of complex chiral nanomaterials, based on the geometrical properties of a helix. We demonstrate that an analysis at the single particle level can provide significant insights into the origin of chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Heyvaert
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Ajinkya Kadu
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Claes
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guillermo González-Rubio
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Box 714, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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19
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Ogawa Y, Putaux JL. Recent Advances in Electron Microscopy of Carbohydrate Nanoparticles. Front Chem 2022; 10:835663. [PMID: 35242740 PMCID: PMC8886399 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.835663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate nanoparticles, both naturally derived and synthetic ones, have attracted scientific and industrial attention as high-performance renewable building blocks of functional materials. Electron microscopy (EM) has played a central role in investigations of their morphology and molecular structure, although the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of carbohydrate crystals has often hindered the in-depth characterization with EM techniques. This contribution reviews the recent advances in the electron microscopy of the carbohydrate nanoparticles. In particular, we highlight the recent efforts made to understand the three-dimensional shape and structural heterogeneity of nanoparticles using low-dose electron tomography and electron diffraction techniques coupled with cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ogawa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
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20
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Tardy BL, Mattos BD, Otoni CG, Beaumont M, Majoinen J, Kämäräinen T, Rojas OJ. Deconstruction and Reassembly of Renewable Polymers and Biocolloids into Next Generation Structured Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14088-14188. [PMID: 34415732 PMCID: PMC8630709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the most recent developments in supramolecular and supraparticle structures obtained from natural, renewable biopolymers as well as their disassembly and reassembly into engineered materials. We introduce the main interactions that control bottom-up synthesis and top-down design at different length scales, highlighting the promise of natural biopolymers and associated building blocks. The latter have become main actors in the recent surge of the scientific and patent literature related to the subject. Such developments make prominent use of multicomponent and hierarchical polymeric assemblies and structures that contain polysaccharides (cellulose, chitin, and others), polyphenols (lignins, tannins), and proteins (soy, whey, silk, and other proteins). We offer a comprehensive discussion about the interactions that exist in their native architectures (including multicomponent and composite forms), the chemical modification of polysaccharides and their deconstruction into high axial aspect nanofibers and nanorods. We reflect on the availability and suitability of the latter types of building blocks to enable superstructures and colloidal associations. As far as processing, we describe the most relevant transitions, from the solution to the gel state and the routes that can be used to arrive to consolidated materials with prescribed properties. We highlight the implementation of supramolecular and superstructures in different technological fields that exploit the synergies exhibited by renewable polymers and biocolloids integrated in structured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Bruno D. Mattos
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Caio G. Otoni
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Federal University
of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marco Beaumont
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University
of Technology, 2 George
Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johanna Majoinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tero Kämäräinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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21
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Otoni CG, Azeredo HMC, Mattos BD, Beaumont M, Correa DS, Rojas OJ. The Food-Materials Nexus: Next Generation Bioplastics and Advanced Materials from Agri-Food Residues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102520. [PMID: 34510571 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The most recent strategies available for upcycling agri-food losses and waste (FLW) into functional bioplastics and advanced materials are reviewed and the valorization of food residuals are put in perspective, adding to the water-food-energy nexus. Low value or underutilized biomass, biocolloids, water-soluble biopolymers, polymerizable monomers, and nutrients are introduced as feasible building blocks for biotechnological conversion into bioplastics. The latter are demonstrated for their incorporation in multifunctional packaging, biomedical devices, sensors, actuators, and energy conversion and storage devices, contributing to the valorization efforts within the future circular bioeconomy. Strategies are introduced to effectively synthesize, deconstruct and reassemble or engineer FLW-derived monomeric, polymeric, and colloidal building blocks. Multifunctional bioplastics are introduced considering the structural, chemical, physical as well as the accessibility of FLW precursors. Processing techniques are analyzed within the fields of polymer chemistry and physics. The prospects of FLW streams and biomass surplus, considering their availability, interactions with water and thermal stability, are critically discussed in a near-future scenario that is expected to lead to next-generation bioplastics and advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio G Otoni
- Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Henriette M C Azeredo
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita 2270, Fortaleza, CE, 60511-110, Brazil
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno D Mattos
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, Tulln, A-3430, Austria
| | - Daniel S Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Bai L, Huan S, Rojas OJ, McClements DJ. Recent Innovations in Emulsion Science and Technology for Food Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8944-8963. [PMID: 33982568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion technology has been used for decades in the food industry to create a diverse range of products, including homogenized milk, creams, dips, dressings, sauces, desserts, and toppings. Recently, however, there have been important advances in emulsion science that are leading to new approaches to improving food quality and functionality. This article provides an overview of a number of these advanced emulsion technologies, including Pickering emulsions, high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), nanoemulsions, and multiple emulsions. Pickering emulsions are stabilized by particle-based emulsifiers, which may be synthetic or natural, rather than conventional molecular emulsifiers. HIPEs are emulsions where the concentration of the disperse phase exceeds the close packing limit (usually >74%), which leads to novel textural properties and high resistance to gravitational separation. Nanoemulsions contain very small droplets (typically d < 200 nm), which leads to useful functional attributes, such as high optical clarity, resistance to gravitational separation and aggregation, rapid digestion, and high bioavailability. Multiple emulsions contain droplets that have smaller immiscible droplets inside them, which can be used for reduced-calorie, encapsulation, and delivery purposes. This new generation of advanced emulsions may lead to food and beverage products with improved quality, health, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Huan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Post Office Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Liu Z, Hu M, Zhang S, Jiang L, Xie F, Li Y. Oil-in-water Pickering emulsion stabilization with oppositely charged polysaccharide particles: chitin nanocrystals/fucoidan complexes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3003-3012. [PMID: 33205457 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitin nanocrystals (ChN) are insoluble particles that can be used as stabilizers for Pickering emulsions. Their unique cationic properties and antibacterial activity have generated considerable interest among researchers. However, ChN have remained largely underexplored. Furthermore, the droplets of the emulsions stabilized by ChN are as large as 10-100 μm, and their physical stability requires further improvement. Some studies have shown that the spontaneous reaction of oppositely charged particles can effectively stabilize the emulsions. Positively charged ChN and negatively charged fucoidan (F) were therefore compounded to stabilize Pickering emulsions, and the stability of these emulsions was analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS The results showed that the composite particles comprising two polysaccharides in a mass ratio of 1:1 and at a pH of 2 (ChN1 -F1 -pH 2) possessed the lowest sulfate content (20.1%) and almost zero potential (-3 mV), indicating a high degree of neutralization of the positively charged amino group in ChN and the negatively charged sulfate group in F. Meanwhile, ChN1 -F1 -pH 2 displayed a dense network structure that improved the dispersibility and wettability (contact angle = 9.3°). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed that ChN and F were effectively combined through electrostatic interaction or neutralization to produce a polyelectrolyte complex. Furthermore, the particle size of the Pickering emulsion stabilized by ChN-F was significantly reduced, and the maximum size did not exceed 10 μm; the physical and storage stability also improved. The ChN1 -F1 -pH 2 emulsion presented excellent storage stability; in particular, the emulsions stabilized by ChN1 -F1 -pH 5 and ChN1 -F1 -pH 6 exhibited excellent flocculation stabilities. CONCLUSION The size of the emulsion droplets stabilized by the oppositely charged polysaccharide particles (ChN-F complexes) reduced significantly. Furthermore, by changing the mass ratio and pH, the microstructure and binding degree of the complexes can be adjusted, thereby promoting their adsorption on the oil-water interface and improving the stability of the Pickering emulsion. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Hu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianzhou Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengying Xie
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Kumar S, Foroozesh J. Chitin nanocrystals based complex fluids: A green nanotechnology. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 257:117619. [PMID: 33541647 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chitin biopolymer has received significant attention recently by many industries as a green technology. Nanotechnology has been used to make chitin nanocrystals (ChiNCs) that are rod-shaped natural nanomaterials with nanoscale size. Owing to the unique features such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability, rod-shape, and excellent surface and interfacial, physiochemical, and thermo-mechanical properties; ChiNCs have been green and attractive products with wide applications specifically in medical and pharmaceutical, food and packaging, cosmetic, electrical, and electronic, and also in the oil and gas industry. This review aims to give a comprehensive and applied insight into ChiNCs technology. It starts with reviewing different sources of chitin and their extraction methods followed by the characterization of ChiNCs. Furthermore, a detailed investigation into various complex fluids (dispersions, emulsions, foams, and gels) stabilized by ChiNCs and their characterisation have been thoroughly deliberated. Finally, the current status including ground-breaking applications, untapped investigations, and future prospective have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia
| | - Jalal Foroozesh
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia.
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Huan S, Zhu Y, Xu W, McClements DJ, Bai L, Rojas OJ. Pickering Emulsions via Interfacial Nanoparticle Complexation of Oppositely Charged Nanopolysaccharides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12581-12593. [PMID: 33656841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We consider the variables relevant to adsorption of renewable nanoparticles and stabilization of multiphase systems, including the particle's hydrophilicity, electrostatic charge, axial aspect, and entanglement. Exploiting the complexation of two oppositely charged nanopolysaccharides, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanochitin (NCh), we prepared CNF/NCh aqueous suspensions and identified the conditions for charge balance (turbidity and electrophoretic mobility titration). By adjusting the composition of CNF/NCh complexes, below and above net neutrality conditions, we produced sunflower oil-in-water Pickering emulsions with adjustable droplet diameters and stability against creaming and oiling-off. The adsorption of CNF/NCh complexes at the oil/water interface occurred with simultaneous partitioning (accumulation) of the CNF on the surface of the droplets in net negative or positive systems (below and above stochiometric charge balance relative to NCh). We further show that the morphology of the droplets and size distribution were preserved during storage for at least 6 months under ambient conditions. This long-term stability was held with a remarkable tolerance to changes in pH (e.g., 3-11) and ionic strength (e.g., 100-500 mM). The mechanism explaining these observations relates to the adsorption of the CNF in the complexes, counteracting the charge losses resulting from the deprotonation of NCh or charge screening. Overall, CNF/NCh complexes and the respective interfacial nanoparticle exchange greatly extend the conditions, favoring highly stable, green Pickering emulsions that offer potential in applications relevant to foodstuff, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Huan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P. R. China
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ya Zhu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P. R. China
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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Release of internal molecular torque results in twists of Glaucocystis cellulose nanofibers. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117102. [PMID: 33142640 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The cellulose of the green alga Glaucocystis consists of almost pure Iα crystalline phase where the corresponding lattice b* axis parameter lies perpendicular to the cell wall surface in the multilamellar cell wall architecture, indicating that in this wall, cellulose is devoid of longitudinal twist. In contrast, when isolated from Glaucosytis cell walls, the cellulose microfibrils present a twisting behavior, which was investigated using electron microscopy techniques. Sequential electron microdiffraction analyses obtained under frozen hydrated conditions revealed that the cellulose microfibrils continuously right-hand twisted in the vitreous ice layer. This observation implies that the twists of these nanofibers are intrinsic to the cellulose molecule and not a result of the cell wall biogenesis process. Furthermore, scaling with the fourth power of width based on the classic mechanics of solid, the twist angle was in agreement with the reported values in higher plant celluloses, implying that the twist arises from the balance between tendency of individual chains to twist and the structure imposed by the crystal packing. The observed twist in isolated fibrils of Glaucocystis indicates that one cannot assume the presence of cellulose twisting in vivo based on observations of isolated cellulose nanoparticles, as microfibril can exist untwisted in the original cell wall but become twisted when released from the wall.
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Facchine EG, Bai L, Rojas OJ, Khan SA. Associative structures formed from cellulose nanofibrils and nanochitins are pH-responsive and exhibit tunable rheology. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 588:232-241. [PMID: 33401050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Nanocellulose and nanochitin are both biobased materials with complementary structures and properties. Both exhibit pH-dependent surface charges which are opposite in sign. Hence, it should be possible to manipulate them to form complexed structures via ionic bond formation at prescribed pH conditions. EXPERIMENT Nanocellulose and nanochitin were mixed after exposure to acidic or neutral conditions to influence their ionization state. The heat of interaction during the introduction of nanochitin to nanocellulose was monitored via isothermal titration calorimetry. The strength and gel properties of the resulting structures were characterized via rheological measurement. FINDINGS The resultant gel properties in the designed hybrid systems were found to depend directly on the charge state of the starting materials, which was dictated by pH adjustment. Different interparticle interactions including ionic attraction, hydrophobic associations, and physical entanglement were identified in the systems and the influence of each was elucidated for different conditions of pH, concentration, and ratio of nanochitin to nanocellulose. Hydrophobic associations between neutralized nanochitin particles were found to contribute strongly to increased elastic modulus values. Ionic complex formation was found to provide enhanced stability under broader pH conditions, while physical entanglement of cellulose nanofibers was a substantial thickening mechanism in all systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Facchine
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Byproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Byproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Saad A Khan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Pereira AG, Fajardo AR, Gerola AP, Rodrigues JH, Nakamura CV, Muniz EC, Hsieh YL. First report of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers mats with chitin and chitosan nanowhiskers: Fabrication, characterization, and antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Bai L, Huan S, Zhao B, Zhu Y, Esquena J, Chen F, Gao G, Zussman E, Chu G, Rojas OJ. All-Aqueous Liquid Crystal Nanocellulose Emulsions with Permeable Interfacial Assembly. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13380-13390. [PMID: 32946222 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the formation of water-in-water liquid crystal emulsions with permeable colloidal assemblies. Rodlike cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) spontaneously self-assemble into a helical arrangement with the coexistence of nonionic, hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran, whereas the two polymer solutions are thermodynamically incompatible. Stable water-in-water emulsions are easily prepared by mixing the respective CNC/polymer solutions, showing micrometric CNC/PEG dispersed droplets and a continuous CNC/dextran phase. With time, the resulting emulsion demixes into an upper, droplet-lean isotropic phase and a bottom, droplet-rich cholesteric phase. Owing to the osmotic pressure gradient between PEG and dextran phases, target transfer of cellulose nanoparticles occurs across the water/water interface to reassemble into a liquid crystal-in-liquid crystal emulsion with global cholesteric organization. The observed structural, optical, and temporal evolution confirm that the colloidal particles in the two immiscible phases experience short-range interactions and form long-range assemblies across the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Siqi Huan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bin Zhao
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ya Zhu
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jordi Esquena
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Spanish National Research Council (IQAC-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Feng Chen
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Guang Gao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eyal Zussman
- NanoEngineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Guang Chu
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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Wang L, Ezazi NZ, Liu L, Ajdary R, Xiang W, Borghei M, Santos HA, Rojas OJ. Microfibers synthesized by wet-spinning of chitin nanomaterials: mechanical, structural and cell proliferation properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29450-29459. [PMID: 35521134 PMCID: PMC9059162 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06178f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Partially deacetylated chitin nanofibers (ChNF) were isolated from shell residues derived from crab biomass and used to prepare hydrogels, which were easily transformed into continuous microfibers by wet-spinning. We investigated the effect of ChNF solid content, extrusion rate and coagulant type, which included organic (acetone) and alkaline (NaOH and ammonia) solutions, on wet spinning. The properties of the microfibers and associated phenomena were assessed by tensile strength, quartz crystal microgravimetry, dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), thermogravimetric analysis and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The as-spun microfibers (14 GPa stiffness) comprised hierarchical structures with fibrils aligned in the lateral direction. The microfibers exhibited a remarkable water sorption capacity (up to 22 g g-1), while being stable in the wet state (50% of dry strength), which warrants consideration as biobased absorbent systems. In addition, according to cell proliferation and viability of rat cardiac myoblast H9c2 and mouse bone osteoblast K7M2, the wet-spun ChNF microfibers showed excellent results and can be considered as fully safe for biomedical uses, such as in sutures, wound healing patches and cell culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University P. O. Box 16300 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Nazanin Zanjanizadeh Ezazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki FI 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Liang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Rubina Ajdary
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University P. O. Box 16300 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Wenchao Xiang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University P. O. Box 16300 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Maryam Borghei
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University P. O. Box 16300 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki FI 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki FI 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University P. O. Box 16300 00076 Aalto Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia 2360 East Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z3 BC Canada
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