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Kong L, Li W, Zhang T, Ma H, Cao Y, Wang K, Zhou Y, Shamim A, Zheng L, Wang X, Huang W. Wireless Technologies in Flexible and Wearable Sensing: From Materials Design, System Integration to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400333. [PMID: 38652082 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Wireless and wearable sensors attract considerable interest in personalized healthcare by providing a unique approach for remote, noncontact, and continuous monitoring of various health-related signals without interference with daily life. Recent advances in wireless technologies and wearable sensors have promoted practical applications due to their significantly improved characteristics, such as reduction in size and thickness, enhancement in flexibility and stretchability, and improved conformability to the human body. Currently, most researches focus on active materials and structural designs for wearable sensors, with just a few exceptions reflecting on the technologies for wireless data transmission. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art wireless technologies and related studies on empowering wearable sensors. The emerging functional nanomaterials utilized for designing unique wireless modules are highlighted, which include metals, carbons, and MXenes. Additionally, the review outlines the system-level integration of wireless modules with flexible sensors, spanning from novel design strategies for enhanced conformability to efficient transmitting data wirelessly. Furthermore, the review introduces representative applications for remote and noninvasive monitoring of physiological signals through on-skin and implantable wireless flexible sensing systems. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and unprecedented opportunities for wireless and wearable sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Tinghao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yunqiang Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Atif Shamim
- IMPACT Lab, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lu Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLoFE)and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
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Chen Y, Liu Z, Wang Z, Yi Y, Yan C, Xu W, Zhou F, Gao Y, Zhou Q, Zhang C, Deng H. Bioinspired Robust Gas-Permeable On-Skin Electronics: Armor-Designed Nanoporous Flash Graphene Assembly Enhancing Mechanical Resilience. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402759. [PMID: 38704681 PMCID: PMC11234450 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Soft on-skin electrodes play an important role in wearable technologies, requiring attributes such as wearing comfort, high conductivity, and gas permeability. However, conventional fabrication methods often compromise simplicity, cost-effectiveness, or mechanical resilience. In this study, a mechanically robust and gas-permeable on-skin electrode is presented that incorporates Flash Graphene (FG) integrated with a bioinspired armor design. FG, synthesized through Flash Joule Heating process, offers a small-sized and turbostratic arrangement that is ideal for the assembly of a conductive network with nanopore structures. Screen-printing is used to embed the FG assembly into the framework of polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabrics (PPMF), forming a soft on-skin electrode with low sheet resistance (125.2 ± 4.7 Ω/□) and high gas permeability (≈10.08 mg cm⁻2 h⁻¹). The "armor" framework ensures enduring mechanical stability through adhesion, washability, and 10,000 cycles of mechanical contact friction tests. Demonstrating capabilities in electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) monitoring, along with serving as a self-powered triboelectric sensor, the FG/PPMF electrode holds promise for scalable, high-performance flexible sensing applications, thereby enriching the landscape of integrated wearable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- College of EngineeringNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210031P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Ying Yi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic InformationChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Chunjie Yan
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Qitao Zhou
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of EngineeringNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210031P. R. China
| | - Heng Deng
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research InstituteChina University of GeosciencesShenzhen518000P. R. China
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Di P, Yuan Y, Xiao M, Xu Z, Liu Y, Huang C, Xu G, Zhang L, Wan P. A Flexible Skin Bionic Thermally Comfortable Wearable for Machine Learning-Facilitated Ultrasensitive Sensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401800. [PMID: 38924313 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Tremendous popularity is observed for multifunctional flexible electronics with appealing applications in intelligent electronic skins, human-machine interfaces, and healthcare sensing. However, the reported sensing electronics, mostly can hardly provide ultrasensitive sensing sensitivity, wider sensing range, and robust cycling stability simultaneously, and are limited of efficient heat conduction out from the contacted skin interface after wearing flexible electronics on human skin to satisfy thermal comfort of human skin. Inspired from the ultrasensitive tactile perception microstructure (epidermis/spinosum/signal transmission) of human skin, a flexible comfortably wearable ultrasensitive electronics is hereby prepared from thermal conductive boron nitride nanosheets-incorporated polyurethane elastomer matrix with MXene nanosheets-coated surface microdomes as epidermis/spinosum layers assembled with interdigitated electrode as sensing signal transmission layer. It demonstrates appealing sensing performance with ultrasensitive sensitivity (≈288.95 kPa-1), up to 300 kPa sensing range, and up to 20 000 sensing cycles from obvious contact area variation between microdome microstructures and the contact electrode under external compression. Furthermore, the bioinspired electronics present advanced thermal management by timely efficient thermal dissipation out from the contacted skin surface to meet human skin thermal comfort with the incorporated thermal conductive boron nitride nanosheets. Thus, it is vitally promising in wearable artificial electronic skins, intelligent human-interactive sensing, and personal health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Di
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhishan Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yicong Liu
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Chenlin Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengbo Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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He C, Wu L, Gu G, Wei L, Yang C, Chen M. An Ionic Assisted Enhancement Strategy Enabled High Performance Flexible Pressure-Temperature Dual Sensor. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7040-7047. [PMID: 38804573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors with a broad range and high sensitivity are greatly desired yet challenging to build. Herein, we have successfully fabricated a pressure-temperature dual sensor via an ionic assisted charge enhancement strategy. Benefiting from the immobilization effect for [EMIM+] [TFSI-] ion pairs and charge transfer between ionic liquid (IL) and HFMO (H10Fe3Mo21O51), the formed IL-HFMO-TPU pressure sensor shows a high sensitivity of 25.35 kPa-1 and broad sensing range (∼10 MPa), respectively. Furthermore, the sensor device exhibits high durability and stability (5000 cycles@1 MPa). The IL-HFMO-TPU sensor also shows the merit of good temperature sensing properties. Attributed to these superior properties, the proposed sensor device could detect pressure in an ultrawide sensing range (from Pa to MPa), including breathe and biophysical signal monitoring etc. The proposed ionic assisted enhancement approach is a generic strategy for constructing high performance flexible pressure-temperature dual sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying He
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lie Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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5
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Qin R, Nong J, Wang K, Liu Y, Zhou S, Hu M, Zhao H, Shan G. Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312761. [PMID: 38380773 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, with the rapid development of wearable electronics, medical health monitoring, the Internet of Things, and flexible intelligent robots, flexible pressure sensors have received unprecedented attention. As a very important kind of electronic component for information transmission and collection, flexible pressure sensors have gained a wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, biomedical and health monitoring, electronic skin, and human-machine interface. In recent years, MXene has attracted extensive attention because of its unique 2D layered structure, high conductivity, rich surface terminal groups, and hydrophilicity, which has brought a new breakthrough for flexible sensing. Thus, it has become a revolutionary pressure-sensitive material with great potential. In this work, the recent advances of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are reviewed from the aspects of sensing type, sensing mechanism, material selection, structural design, preparation strategy, and sensing application. The methods and strategies to improve the performance of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are analyzed in details. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are discussed. This review will bring the research and development of MXene-based flexible sensors to a new high level, promoting the wider research exploitation and practical application of MXene materials in flexible pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhan Qin
- College of Automation, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Juan Nong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Keqiang Wang
- College of Automation, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yishen Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Songbin Zhou
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Guangcun Shan
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 10068, China
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Song Y, Hu C, Wang Z, Wang L. Silk-based wearable devices for health monitoring and medical treatment. iScience 2024; 27:109604. [PMID: 38628962 PMCID: PMC11019284 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous works have focused on enhancing the tensile properties, mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of wearable devices for real-time and continuous health management. Silk proteins, including silk fibroin (SF) and sericin, show great advantages in wearable devices due to their natural biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, and low fabrication cost. Moreover, these silk proteins possess great potential for functionalization and are being explored as promising candidates for multifunctional wearable devices with sensory capabilities and therapeutic purposes. This review introduces current advancements in silk-based constituents used in the assembly of wearable sensors and adhesives for detecting essential physiological indicators, including metabolites in body fluids, body temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), pulse, and respiration. SF and sericin play vital roles in addressing issues related to discomfort reduction, signal fidelity improvement, as well as facilitating medical treatment. These developments signify a transition from hospital-centered healthcare toward individual-centered health monitoring and on-demand therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chuting Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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7
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Yang X, Chen W, Fan Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Lai F, Liu H. Electronic Skin for Health Monitoring Systems: Properties, Functions, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402542. [PMID: 38754914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), a skin-like wearable electronic device, holds great promise in the fields of telemedicine and personalized healthcare because of its good flexibility, biocompatibility, skin conformability, and sensing performance. E-skin can monitor various health indicators of the human body in real time and over the long term, including physical indicators (exercise, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) and chemical indicators (saliva, sweat, urine, etc.). In recent years, the development of various materials, analysis, and manufacturing technologies has promoted significant development of e-skin, laying the foundation for the application of next-generation wearable medical technologies and devices. Herein, the properties required for e-skin health monitoring devices to achieve long-term and precise monitoring and summarize several detectable indicators in the health monitoring field are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of integrated e-skin health monitoring systems are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future development directions in this field are discussed. This review is expected to generate great interest and inspiration for the development and improvement of e-skin and health monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Qunfu Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Feili Lai
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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8
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Jin Q, Wang C, Wu H, Luo X, Li J, Ma G, Li Y, Luo C, Guo F, Long Y. 3D Printing of Capacitive Pressure Sensors with Tuned Wide Detection Range and High Sensitivity Inspired by Bio-Inspired Kapok Structures. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300668. [PMID: 38325804 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have drawn considerable attention for their potential applications as electronic skins with both sensitivity and pressure response range. Although the introduction of surface microstructures effectively enhances sensitivity, the confined volume of their compressible structures results in a limited pressure response range. To address this issue, a biomimetic kapok structure is proposed and implemented for constructing the dielectric layer of flexible capacitive pressure sensors employing 3D printing technology. The structure is designed with easily deformable concave and rotational structures, enabling continuous deformation under pressure. This design results in a significant expansion of the pressure response range and improvement in sensitivity. Further, the study purposively analyses crucial parameters of the devised structure that affect its compressibility and stability. These include the concave angle θ, height ratio d1/d2, rotation angle α, and width k. As a result, the ultimate pressure sensors demonstrate remarkable features such as high sensitivity (≈2.38 kPa-1 in the range of 0-10 kPa), broad detection range (734 kPa), fast response time (23 ms), and outstanding pressure resolution (0.4% at 500 kPa). This study confirms the viability of bionic structures for flexible sensors, and their potential to expand the scope of wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Jin
- Institute of Laser Intelligent Manufacturing and Precision Processing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Chengyun Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Han Wu
- Institute of Laser Intelligent Manufacturing and Precision Processing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Institute of Laser Intelligent Manufacturing and Precision Processing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Institute of Laser Intelligent Manufacturing and Precision Processing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Guangmeng Ma
- Institute of Laser Intelligent Manufacturing and Precision Processing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Laser Intelligent Manufacturing and Precision Processing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Chunyi Luo
- Institute of Laser Intelligent Manufacturing and Precision Processing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Fawei Guo
- Institute of Laser Intelligent Manufacturing and Precision Processing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yu Long
- Institute of Laser Intelligent Manufacturing and Precision Processing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
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9
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Papani R, Li Y, Wang S. Soft mechanical sensors for wearable and implantable applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1961. [PMID: 38723798 PMCID: PMC11108230 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Wearable and implantable sensing of biomechanical signals such as pressure, strain, shear, and vibration can enable a multitude of human-integrated applications, including on-skin monitoring of vital signs, motion tracking, monitoring of internal organ condition, restoration of lost/impaired mechanoreception, among many others. The mechanical conformability of such sensors to the human skin and tissue is critical to enhancing their biocompatibility and sensing accuracy. As such, in the recent decade, significant efforts have been made in the development of soft mechanical sensors. To satisfy the requirements of different wearable and implantable applications, such sensors have been imparted with various additional properties to make them better suited for the varied contexts of human-integrated applications. In this review, focusing on the four major types of soft mechanical sensors for pressure, strain, shear, and vibration, we discussed the recent material and device design innovations for achieving several important properties, including flexibility and stretchability, bioresorbability and biodegradability, self-healing properties, breathability, transparency, wireless communication capabilities, and high-density integration. We then went on to discuss the current research state of the use of such novel soft mechanical sensors in wearable and implantable applications, based on which future research needs were further discussed. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithvik Papani
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sihong Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Nanoscience and Technology Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, United States
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10
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Liu Y, Tao J, Mo Y, Bao R, Pan C. Ultrasensitive Touch Sensor for Simultaneous Tactile and Slip Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313857. [PMID: 38335503 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Touch is a general term to describe mechanical stimuli. It is extremely difficult to develop touch sensors that can detect different modes of contact forces due to their low sensitivity and data decoupling. Simultaneously conducting tactile and slip sensing presents significant challenges for the design, structure, and performance of sensors. In this work, a highly sensitive sandwich-structured sensor is achieved by exploiting the porosity and compressive modulus of the sensor's functional layer materials. The sensor shows an ultra-high sensitivity of 1167 kPa-1 and a low-pressure detection limit of 1.34 Pa due to its considerably low compression modulus of 23.8 Pa. Due to this ultra-high sensitivity, coupled with spectral analysis, it allows for dual-mode detection of both tactile and slip sensations simultaneously. This novel fabrication strategy and signal analysis method provides a new direction for the development of tactile/slip sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Yepei Mo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Rongrong Bao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Institute of Atomic Manufacturing, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Institute of Atomic Manufacturing, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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11
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Wang S, Yao Y, Deng W, Chu X, Yang T, Tian G, Ao Y, Sun Y, Lan B, Ren X, Li X, Xu T, Huang L, Liu Y, Lu J, Yang W. Mass-Produced Skin-Inspired Piezoresistive Sensing Array with Interlocking Interface for Object Recognition. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11183-11192. [PMID: 38630641 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
E-skins, capable of responding to mechanical stimuli, hold significant potential in the field of robot haptics. However, it is a challenge to obtain e-skins with both high sensitivity and mechanical stability. Here, we present a bioinspired piezoresistive sensor with hierarchical structures based on polyaniline/polystyrene core-shell nanoparticles polymerized on air-laid paper. The combination of laser-etched reusable templates and sensitive materials that can be rapidly synthesized enables large-scale production. Benefiting from the substantially enlarged deformation of the hierarchical structure, the developed piezoresistive electronics exhibit a decent sensitivity of 21.67 kPa-1 and a subtle detection limit of 3.4 Pa. Moreover, an isolation layer is introduced to enhance the interface stability of the e-skin, with a fracture limit of 66.34 N/m. Furthermore, the e-skin can be seamlessly integrated onto gloves without any detachment issues. With the assistance of deep learning, it achieves a 98% accuracy rate in object recognition. We anticipate that this strategy will render e-skin with more robust interfaces and heightened sensing capabilities, offering a favorable pathway for large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yelan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Boling Lan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiarong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianpei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Longchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
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12
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Luo X, Tan H, Wen W. Recent Advances in Wearable Healthcare Devices: From Material to Application. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:358. [PMID: 38671780 PMCID: PMC11048539 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the proliferation of wearable healthcare devices has marked a revolutionary shift in the personal health monitoring and management paradigm. These devices, ranging from fitness trackers to advanced biosensors, have not only made healthcare more accessible, but have also transformed the way individuals engage with their health data. By continuously monitoring health signs, from physical-based to biochemical-based such as heart rate and blood glucose levels, wearable technology offers insights into human health, enabling a proactive rather than a reactive approach to healthcare. This shift towards personalized health monitoring empowers individuals with the knowledge and tools to make informed decisions about their lifestyle and medical care, potentially leading to the earlier detection of health issues and more tailored treatment plans. This review presents the fabrication methods of flexible wearable healthcare devices and their applications in medical care. The potential challenges and future prospectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute (SHCIRI), Futian, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Handong Tan
- Department of Individualized Interdisciplinary Program (Advanced Materials), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute (SHCIRI), Futian, Shenzhen 518060, China
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13
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Chen Y, Gao M, Chen K, Sun H, Xing H, Liu X, Liu W, Guo H. MXene-Based Pressure Sensor with a Self-Healing Property for Joule Heating and Friction Sliding. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400593. [PMID: 38529744 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
As a kind of flexible electronic device, flexible pressure sensor has attracted wide attention in medical monitoring and human-machine interaction. With the continuous deepening of research, high-sensitivity sensor is developing from single function to multi-function. However, Current multifunctional sensors lack the ability to integrate joule heating, detect sliding friction, and self-healing. Herein, a MXene/polyurethane (PU) flexible pressure sensor with a self-healing property for joule heating and friction sliding is fabricated. The MXene/PU sensitive layer with special spinosum structure is prepared by a simple spraying method. After face-to-face assembly of the sensitive layers, the MXene/PU flexible pressure sensor is obtained and showed excellent sensitivity (150.65 kPa-1), fast response/recovery speed (75.5/63.9 ms), and good stability (10 000 cycles). Based on the self-healing property of PU, the sensor also has the ability to heal after mechanical damage. In addition, the sensor realizes the joule heating function under low voltage, and has the real-time monitoring ability of sliding objects. Combined with low cost and simple manufacturing method, the multi-functional MXene/PU flexible sensor shows a wide range of application potential in human activity monitoring, thermal management, and slip recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Huili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Haizhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
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14
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Hu Z, Xie F, Yan Y, Lu H, Cheng J, Liu X, Li J. Research progress of flexible pressure sensor based on MXene materials. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9547-9558. [PMID: 38516165 PMCID: PMC10955273 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07772a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors overcome the limitations of traditional rigid sensors on the surface of the measured object, demonstrating broad application prospects in fields such as sports health and vital sign monitoring due to their excellent flexibility and comfort in contact with the body. MXene, as a two-dimensional material, possesses excellent conductivity and abundant surface functional groups. Simultaneously, MXene's unique layered structure and large specific surface area offer a wealth of possibilities for preparing sensing elements in combination with other materials. This article reviews the preparation methods of MXene materials and their performance indicators as sensing elements, discusses the controllable preparation methods of MXene materials and the impact of their physical and chemical properties on their functions, elaborates on the pressure sensing mechanism and evaluation mechanism of MXene materials. Starting from the four specific application directions: aerogel/hydrogel, ink printing, thin film/electronic skin, and fiber fabric, we introduce the research progress of MXene flexible pressure sensors from an overall perspective. Finally, a summary and outlook for developing MXene flexible pressure sensors are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Hu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
| | - Feihu Xie
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
| | - Yangyang Yan
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry 725 Research Institute Luoyang 471000 China
| | - Hanjing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
| | - Jinghua Li
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
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15
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Gong M, Wang X, Wu Z, Yue L, Chen Q, Li H, Lin X, Zhang L, Wang D. Nature-Inspired Molecular-Crowding Enabling Wide-Humidity Range Applicable, Anti-Freezing, and Robust Zwitterionic Hydrogels for On-Skin Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400161. [PMID: 38431936 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are currently in the limelight for applications in soft electronics but they suffer from the tendency to lose water or freeze when exposed to dry environments or low temperatures. Molecular crowding is a prevalent occurrence in living cells, in which molecular crowding agents modify the hydrogen bonding structure, causing a significant reduction in water activity. Here, a wide-humidity range applicable, anti-freezing, and robust hydrogel is developed through the incorporation of natural amino acid proline (Pro) and conductive MXene into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel networks. Theoretical calculations reveal that Pro can transform "free water" into "locked water" via the molecular-crowding effect, thereby suppressing water evaporation and ice forming. Accordingly, the prepared hydrogel exhibits high water retention capability, with 77% and 55% being preserved after exposure to 20 °C, 28% relative humidity (RH) and 35 °C, 90% RH for 12 h. Meanwhile, Pro lowers the freezing temperature of the hydrogel to 34 °C and enhances its stretchability and strength. Finally, the PVA/Pro/MXene hydrogels are assembled as multifunctional on-skin strain sensors and conductive electrodes to monitor human motions and detect tiny electrophysiological signals. Collectively, this work provides a molecular crowding strategy that will motivate researchers to develop more advanced hydrogels for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liancong Yue
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiuji Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hejian Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongrui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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16
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Li Y, Lei X, Guo D, Zhao Y, Zeng Z, Yi L, Li P, Liu F, Ren TL. Laser-Induced Skin-like Flexible Pressure Sensor for Artificial Intelligence Speech Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10380-10388. [PMID: 38356188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Skin-like flexible pressure sensors with good sensing performance have great application potential, but their development is limited owing to the need for multistep, high-cost, and low-efficiency preparation processes. Herein, a simple, low-cost, and efficient laser-induced forming process is proposed for the first time to prepare a skin-like flexible piezoresistive sensor. In the laser-induced forming process, based on the photothermal effect of graphene and the foaming effect of glucose, a skin-like polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) film with porous structures and surface protrusions is obtained by using infrared laser irradiation of the glucose/graphene/PDMS prepolymer film. Further, based on the skin-like PDMS film with a graphene conductive layer, a new skin-like flexible piezoresistive sensor is obtained. Due to the stress concentration caused by the surface protrusions and the low stiffness caused by the porous structures, the flexible piezoresistive sensor realizes an ultrahigh sensitivity of 1348 kPa-1 at 0-2 kPa, a wide range of 200 kPa, a fast response/recovery time of 52 ms/35 ms, and good stability over 5000 cycles. The application of the sensor to the detection of human pulses and robot clamping force indicates its potential for health monitoring and soft robots. Furthermore, in combination with the neural network (CNN) algorithm in artificial intelligence technology, the sensor achieves 95% accuracy in speech recognition, which demonstrates its great potential for intelligent wearable electronics. Especially, the laser-induced forming process is expected to facilitate the efficient, large-scale preparation of flexible devices with multilevel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Dingyi Guo
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ziran Zeng
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Longju Yi
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Peilong Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Li R, Ren J, Zhang M, Li M, Li Y, Yang W. Highly Stretchable, Fast Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive, and Strain-Sensitive Wearable Sensor Based on Ionic Conductive Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:614-625. [PMID: 38241010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels integrate the conductive performance and soft nature, which is like that of human skin. Thus, they are more suitable for the preparation of wearable human-motion sensors. Nevertheless, the integration of outstanding multiple functionalities, such as stretchability, toughness, biocompatibility, self-healing, adhesion, strain sensitivity, and durability, by a simple way is still a huge challenge. Herein, we have developed a multifunctional chitosan/oxidized hyaluronic acid/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/poly(acrylic acid)/tannic acid/Al3+ hydrogel (CS/OHA/HPMC/PAA/TA/Al3+) by using a two-step method with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), acrylic acid (AA), tannic acid (TA), chitosan (CS), oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA), and aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O). Due to the synergistic effect of dynamic imine bonds between CS and OHA, dynamic metal coordination bonds between Al3+ and -COOH and/or TA as well as reversible hydrogen, the hydrogel showed excellent tensile property (elongation at break of 3168%) and desirable toughness (0.79 MJ/m3). The mechanical self-healing efficiency can reach 95.5% at 30 min, and the conductivity can recover in 5.2 s at room temperature without stimulation. The favorable attribute of high transparency (98.5% transmittance) facilitates the transmission of the optical signal and enables visualization of the sensor. It also shows good adhesiveness to various materials and is easy to peel off without residue. The resistance of the hydrogel-based sensors shows good electrical conductivity (2.33 S m-1), good durability, high sensing sensitivity (GF value of 4.12 under 1600% strain), low detection limit (less than 1%), and short response/recovery time (0.54/0.31 s). It adhered to human skin and monitored human movements such as the bending movements of joints, swallowing, and speaking successfully. Therefore, the obtained multifunctional conductive hydrogel has great potential applications in wearable strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Wu Yang
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
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18
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Zhu C, Zheng J, Fu J. Electrospinning Nanofibers as Stretchable Sensors for Wearable Devices. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300274. [PMID: 37653597 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices attract great attention in intelligent medicine, electronic skin, artificial intelligence robots, and so on. However, boundedness of traditional sensors based on rigid materials unconstrained self-multilayer structure assembly and dense substrate in stretchability and permeability limits their applications. The network structure of the elastomeric nanofibers gives them excellent air permeability and stretchability. By introducing metal nanofillers, intrinsic conductive polymers, carbon materials, and other methods to construct conductive paths, stretchable conductors can be effectively prepared by elastomeric nanofibers, showing great potential in the field of flexible sensors. This perspective briefly introduces the representative preparations of conductive thermoplastic polyurethane, nylon, and hydrogel nanofibers by electrospinning and the application of integrated electronic devices in biological signal detection. The main challenge is to unify the stretchability and conductivity of the fiber structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingxia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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19
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Qin X, Lei S, Yang K, Xie W, Wang J. Green synthetic sodium alginate-glycerol-MXene nanocomposite membrane with excellent flexibility and mineralization ability for guided bone regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106336. [PMID: 38169210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Developing a novel bioactive material as a barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR) surgery remains challenging. As a new member of two-dimensional (2D) material family, MXene is a promising candidate component for barrier membranes due to its high specific surface area and osteogenic differentiation ability. In this work, a green and simple SA/glycerol/MXene (SgM) composite membrane was prepared via solvent casting method by using sodium alginate (SA) and MXene (M) as raw materials while employing glycerol (g) as a plasticizer. The addition of glycerol significantly increased the elongation at the break of SA from 10%-20% to 240%-360%, while the introduction of MXene promoted the deposition of calcium and phosphorus to form hydroxyapatite. At the same time, the roughness of the SgM composite membrane is apparently improved, which is conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation. This work provides a basis for further research on SgM composite membrane as GBR membrane for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qin
- School of Stomatology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Siqi Lei
- School of Stomatology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kefan Yang
- School of Stomatology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Weibo Xie
- School of Stomatology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jinqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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20
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Gong S, Lu Y, Yin J, Levin A, Cheng W. Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare. Chem Rev 2024; 124:455-553. [PMID: 38174868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the era of Internet-of-things, many things can stay connected; however, biological systems, including those necessary for human health, remain unable to stay connected to the global Internet due to the lack of soft conformal biosensors. The fundamental challenge lies in the fact that electronics and biology are distinct and incompatible, as they are based on different materials via different functioning principles. In particular, the human body is soft and curvilinear, yet electronics are typically rigid and planar. Recent advances in materials and materials design have generated tremendous opportunities to design soft wearable bioelectronics, which may bridge the gap, enabling the ultimate dream of connected healthcare for anyone, anytime, and anywhere. We begin with a review of the historical development of healthcare, indicating the significant trend of connected healthcare. This is followed by the focal point of discussion about new materials and materials design, particularly low-dimensional nanomaterials. We summarize material types and their attributes for designing soft bioelectronic sensors; we also cover their synthesis and fabrication methods, including top-down, bottom-up, and their combined approaches. Next, we discuss the wearable energy challenges and progress made to date. In addition to front-end wearable devices, we also describe back-end machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, telecommunication, and software. Afterward, we describe the integration of soft wearable bioelectronic systems which have been applied in various testbeds in real-world settings, including laboratories that are preclinical and clinical environments. Finally, we narrate the remaining challenges and opportunities in conjunction with our perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Arie Levin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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21
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Yang J, Liu L, Zhang D, Zhang H, Ma J, Zheng J, Wang C. Dual-Stage Surficial Microstructure to Enhance the Sensitivity of MXene Pressure Sensors for Human Physiological Signal Acquisition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1096-1106. [PMID: 38118186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Accompanying the rapid growth of wearable electronics, flexible pressure sensors have received great interest due to their promising application in health monitoring, human-machine interfaces, and intelligent robotics. The high sensitivity over a wide responsive range, integrated with excellent repeatability, is a crucial requirement for the fabrication of reliable pressure sensors for various wearable scenes. In this work, we developed a highly sensitive and long-life flexible pressure sensor by constructing surficial microarrayed architecture polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film as a substrate and Ti3C2TX MXene/bacterial cellulose (BC) hybrid as an active sensing layer. The specific surficial morphology of PDMS couples with nanointercalated structure of Ti3C2Tx MXene/BC can effectively improve the sensitivity through controlling the stress distribution and layer spacing under different levels of pressure loading. In addition, abundant spontaneous hydrogen bonds between BC and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets endow the MXene coating with highly adhesive strength on the PDMS surface; hence, the cyclic stability of the pressure sensor is greatly boosted. As a result, the obtained MXene/BC/PDMS (MBP) pressure sensor delivers high sensitivity (528.87 kPa-1), fast response/recovery time (45 ms/29 ms), low detection limit (0.6 Pa), and outstanding repeatability of up to 8000 cycles. Those excellent sensing properties of the MBP sensor allow it to serve as a reliable wearable device to monitor full-range human physiological motions, and it is expected to be applied in next-generation portable electronics, such as E-skins, smart healthcare, and the Internet of Things technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Composites, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics and Intelligent Textile, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Composites, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Composites, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Composites, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Composites, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
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22
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Sayyad PW, Park SJ, Ha TJ. Bioinspired nanoplatforms for human-machine interfaces: Recent progress in materials and device applications. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108297. [PMID: 38061687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The panoramic characteristics of human-machine interfaces (HMIs) have prompted the needs to update the biotechnology community with the recent trends, developments, and future research direction toward next-generation bioelectronics. Bioinspired materials are promising for integrating various bioelectronic devices to realize HMIs. With the advancement of scientific biotechnology, state-of-the-art bioelectronic applications have been extensively investigated to improve the quality of life by developing and integrating bioinspired nanoplatforms in HMIs. This review highlights recent trends and developments in the field of biotechnology based on bioinspired nanoplatforms by demonstrating recently explored materials and cutting-edge device applications. Section 1 introduces the recent trends and developments of bioinspired nanomaterials for HMIs. Section 2 reviews various flexible, wearable, biocompatible, and biodegradable nanoplatforms for bioinspired applications. Section 3 furnishes recently explored substrates as carriers for advanced nanomaterials in developing HMIs. Section 4 addresses recently invented biomimetic neuroelectronic, nanointerfaces, biointerfaces, and nano/microfluidic wearable bioelectronic devices for various HMI applications, such as healthcare, biopotential monitoring, and body fluid monitoring. Section 5 outlines designing and engineering of bioinspired sensors for HMIs. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for next-generation bioinspired nanoplatforms in extending the potential on HMIs are discussed for a near-future scenario. We believe this review can stimulate the integration of bioinspired nanoplatforms into the HMIs in addition to wearable electronic skin and health-monitoring devices while addressing prevailing and future healthcare and material-related problems in biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasha W Sayyad
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
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23
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Dos Santos FV, Siqueira RL, de Morais Ramos L, Yoshioka SA, Branciforti MC, Correa DS. Silk fibroin-derived electrospun materials for biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127641. [PMID: 37913875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile technique for fabricating polymeric fibers with diameters ranging from micro- to nanoscale, exhibiting multiple morphologies and arrangements. By combining silk fibroin (SF) with synthetic and/or natural polymers, electrospun materials with outstanding biological, chemical, electrical, physical, mechanical, and optical properties can be achieved, fulfilling the evolving biomedical demands. This review highlights the remarkable versatility of SF-derived electrospun materials, specifically focusing on their application in tissue regeneration (including cartilage, cornea, nerves, blood vessels, bones, and skin), disease treatment (such as cancer and diabetes), and the development of controlled drug delivery systems. Additionally, we explore the potential future trends in utilizing these nanofibrous materials for creating intelligent biomaterials, incorporating biosensors and wearable sensors for monitoring human health, and also discuss the bottlenecks for its widespread use. This comprehensive overview illuminates the significant impact and exciting prospects of SF-derived electrospun materials in advancing biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vieira Dos Santos
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture, Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Materials Engineering Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Luiz Siqueira
- Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Morais Ramos
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Akinobu Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomaterials, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Branciforti
- Materials Engineering Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Souza Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture, Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Materials Engineering Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ning C, Dai K, Zheng G, Liu C, Shen C. Mushroom-mimetic 3D hierarchical architecture-based e-skin with high sensitivity and a wide sensing range for intelligent perception. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5666-5676. [PMID: 37767809 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00679d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) is one of the most important components of future wearable electronic devices, whose sensing performances can be improved by constructing micropatterns on its sensitive layer. However, in traditional e-skins it is difficult to balance sensitivity and the pressure sensing range, and most micropatterns are generally prepared by some complex technologies. Herein, mushroom-mimetic micropatterns with 3D hierarchical architecture and an interdigital electrode are facilely prepared. The micropatterned sensitive layer is further developed through spraying carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion on the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film with mushroom-mimetic micropatterns (denoted as MMTC). Thanks to the "interlocking effect" between mushroom-mimetic micropatterns and the interdigital electrode in the as-prepared MMTC/interdigital electrode e-skin, the e-skin exhibits a high sensitivity (up to 600 kPa-1), a wide pressure sensing range (up to 150 kPa), a short response time (<20 ms) and excellent durability (15 000 cycles). The MMTC/interdigital electrode e-skin is capable of precisely monitoring health conditions via the as-acquired physiological parameters in real time. Moreover, such e-skins can be used to monitor gestures wirelessly, sense the trajectory of pressure stimuli and recognize Morse code under water. This study provides a cost-efficient, facile strategy to design e-skin for future-oriented wearable intelligent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Chuan Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Chuntai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Changyu Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
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25
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Li M, Liu Y, Gong Y, Yan X, Wang L, Zheng W, Ai H, Zhao Y. Recent advances in nanoantibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6278-6317. [PMID: 38024316 PMCID: PMC10662204 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria-caused infections have been a major threat to human health. The abuse of conventional antibiotics accelerates the generation of MDR bacteria and makes the situation worse. The emergence of nanomaterials holds great promise for solving this tricky problem due to their multiple antibacterial mechanisms, tunable antibacterial spectra, and low probabilities of inducing drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of the generation of drug resistance, and introduce the recently developed nanomaterials for dealing with MDR bacteria via various antibacterial mechanisms. Considering that biosafety and mass production are the major bottlenecks hurdling the commercialization of nanoantibiotics, we introduce the related development in these two aspects. We discuss urgent challenges in this field and future perspectives to promote the development and translation of nanoantibiotics as alternatives against MDR pathogens to traditional antibiotics-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulan Li
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University No. 2, Section 5, Heping Road Jin Zhou Liaoning 121000 P. R. China
| | - Youhuan Gong
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Cannano Tefei Technology, Co. LTD Room 1013, Building D, No. 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Huangpu District Guangzhou Guangdong Province 510535 P. R. China
| | - Hao Ai
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University No. 2, Section 5, Heping Road Jin Zhou Liaoning 121000 P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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26
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Mousavi A, Rahimnejad M, Azimzadeh M, Akbari M, Savoji H. Recent advances in smart wearable sensors as electronic skin. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10332-10354. [PMID: 37909384 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and multifunctional electronic devices and soft robots inspired by human organs, such as skin, have many applications. However, the emergence of electronic skins (e-skins) or textiles in biomedical engineering has made a great revolution in a myriad of people's lives who suffer from different types of diseases and problems in which their skin and muscles lose their appropriate functions. In this review, recent advances in the sensory function of the e-skins are described. Furthermore, we have categorized them from the sensory function perspective and highlighted their advantages and limitations. The categories are tactile sensors (including capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and optical), temperature, and multi-sensors. In addition, we summarized the most recent advancements in sensors and their particular features. The role of material selection and structure in sensory function and other features of the e-skins are also discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of these systems towards advanced biomedical applications are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mousavi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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27
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Ding B, Teng C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Jiang H, Sun Y, Guo J, Dai S. A Simplified Method for the Preparation of Highly Conductive and Flexible Silk Nanofibrils/MXene Membrane. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6960. [PMID: 37959557 PMCID: PMC10648990 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Silk nanofibers (SNF) have great applications in high-performance functional nanocomposites due to their excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and degradability. However, the preparation of SNF by traditional methods often requires the use of some environmentally harmful or toxic reagents, limiting its application in green chemistry. In this paper, we successfully prepared SNF using natural silk as raw material and solvent stripping technology by adjusting the solvent concentration and solution ratio (the diameter of about 120 nm). Using the above SNFs as raw materials, SNF membranes were prepared by vacuum filtration technology. In addition, we prepared an SNF/MXene nanocomposite material with excellent humidity sensitivity by simply coating MXene nanosheets with silk fibers. The conductivity of the material can approach 1400.6 S m-1 with excellent mechanical strength (51.34 MPa). The SNF/MXene nanocomposite material with high mechanical properties, high conductivity, and green degradability can be potentially applied in the field of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, providing a feasible approach for the development of functional nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Ding
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chao Teng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Haotian Jiang
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Jinghe Guo
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Shichao Dai
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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28
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Lee GS, Kim JG, Kim JT, Lee CW, Cha S, Choi GB, Lim J, Padmajan Sasikala S, Kim SO. 2D Materials Beyond Post-AI Era: Smart Fibers, Soft Robotics, and Single Atom Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2307689. [PMID: 37777874 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent consecutive discoveries of various 2D materials have triggered significant scientific and technological interests owing to their exceptional material properties, originally stemming from 2D confined geometry. Ever-expanding library of 2D materials can provide ideal solutions to critical challenges facing in current technological trend of the fourth industrial revolution. Moreover, chemical modification of 2D materials to customize their physical/chemical properties can satisfy the broad spectrum of different specific requirements across diverse application areas. This review focuses on three particular emerging application areas of 2D materials: smart fibers, soft robotics, and single atom catalysts (SACs), which hold immense potentials for academic and technological advancements in the post-artificial intelligence (AI) era. Smart fibers showcase unconventional functionalities including healthcare/environmental monitoring, energy storage/harvesting, and antipathogenic protection in the forms of wearable fibers and textiles. Soft robotics aligns with future trend to overcome longstanding limitations of hard-material based mechanics by introducing soft actuators and sensors. SACs are widely useful in energy storage/conversion and environmental management, principally contributing to low carbon footprint for sustainable post-AI era. Significance and unique values of 2D materials in these emerging applications are highlighted, where the research group has devoted research efforts for more than a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang San Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Goo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Cha
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Bong Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Lim
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchithra Padmajan Sasikala
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Materials Creation, Seoul, 06179, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Feng D, Li B, Zhao W, Xie D, Mei Y, Liu P. Ultra-Wide Range, High Sensitivity Piezoresistive Sensor Based on Triple Periodic Minimum Surface Construction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301378. [PMID: 37127873 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive sensors with biological structures are widely exploited for high sensitivity and detection. However, the conventional bionic structure pressure sensors usually suffer from irreconcilable conflicts between high sensitivity and wide detection response range. Herein, a triple periodic minimum surface (TPMS) structure sensor is proposed based on parametric structural design and 3D printing techniques. Upon tailoring of the dedicated structural parameters, the resulting sensors exhibit superior compression durability, high sensitivity, and ultra-high detection range, that enabling it meets the needs of various scenes. As a model system, TPMS structure sensor with 40.5% porosity exhibits an ultra-high sensitivity (132 kPa-1 in 0-5.7 MPa), wide detection strain range (0-31.2%), high repeatability and durability (1000 cycles in 4.41 MPa, 10000 s in 1.32 MPa), and low detection limit (1% in 80 kPa). The stress/strain distributions have been identified using finite element analysis. Toward practical applications, the TPMS structural sensors can be applied to detect human activity and health monitoring (i.e., voice recognition, finger pressure, sitting, standing, walking, and falling down behaviors). The synergistic effects of MWCNTs and MXene conductive network also ensure the composite further being utilized for electromagnetic interference shielding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dong Feng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bin Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Delong Xie
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yi Mei
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Pengju Liu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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30
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Gao FL, Liu J, Li XP, Ma Q, Zhang T, Yu ZZ, Shang J, Li RW, Li X. Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Multifunctional Tactile Sensors for Precisely Detecting and Distinguishing Temperature and Pressure Stimuli. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16036-16047. [PMID: 37577988 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Although skin-like sensors that can simultaneously detect various physical stimuli are of fair importance in cutting-edge human-machine interaction, robotic, and healthcare applications, they still face challenges in facile, scalable, and cost-effective production using conventional active materials. The emerging two-dimensional transition metal carbide, Ti3C2Tx MXene, integrated with favorable thermoelectric properties, metallic-like conductivity, and a hydrophilic surface, is promising for solving these problems. Herein, skin-like multifunctional sensors are designed to precisely detect and distinguish temperature and pressure stimuli without cross-talk by decorating elastic and porous substrates with MXene sheets. Because the combination of the thermoelectric and conductive MXene with the thermally insulating, elastic, and porous substrate integrates efficient Seebeck and piezoresistive effects, the resultant sensor exhibits not only an ultralow detection limit (0.05 K), high signal-to-noise ratio, and excellent cycling stability for temperature detection but also high sensitivity, fast response time, and outstanding durability for pressure detection. Based on the impressive dual-mode sensing properties and independent temperature and pressure detections, a multimode input terminal and an electronic skin are created, exhibiting great potential in robotic and human-machine interaction applications. This work provides a scalable fabrication of multifunctional tactile sensors for precisely detecting and distinguishing temperature and pressure stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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31
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Wang J, Zhang D, Wang D, Xu Z, Zhang H, Chen X, Wang Z, Xia H, Cai H. Efficient Fabrication of TPU/MXene/Tungsten Disulfide Fibers with Ultra-Fast Response for Human Respiratory Pattern Recognition and Disease Diagnosis via Deep Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37946-37956. [PMID: 37523446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Flexible wearable pressure sensors have received increasing attention as the potential application of flexible wearable devices in human health monitoring and artificial intelligence. However, the complex and expensive process of the conductive filler has limited its practical production and application on a large scale to a certain extent. This study presents a kind of piezoresistive sensor by sinking nonwoven fabrics (NWFs) into tungsten disulfide (WS2) and Ti3C2Tx MXene solutions. With the advantages of a simple production process and practicality, it is conducive to the realization of large-scale production. The assembled flexible pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity (45.81 kPa-1), wide detection range (0-410 kPa), fast response/recovery time (18/36 ms), and excellent stability and long-term durability (up to 5000 test cycles). Because of the high elastic modulus of MXene and the synergistic effect between WS2 and MXene, the detection range and sensitivity of the piezoresistive pressure sensor are greatly improved, realizing the stable detection of human motion status in all directions. Meanwhile, its high sensitivity at low pressure allows the sensor to accurately detect weak signals such as weak airflow and wrist pulses. In addition, combining the sensor with deep-learning makes it easy to recognize human respiratory patterns with high accuracy, demonstrating its potential impact in the fields of ergonomics and low-cost flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongyue Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhenyuan Xu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zihu Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Haolin Cai
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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Vaghasiya JV, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Pumera M. Wearable sensors for telehealth based on emerging materials and nanoarchitectonics. NPJ FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS 2023; 7:26. [PMID: 37304907 PMCID: PMC10237062 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-023-00261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have made significant progress in sensing physiological and biochemical markers for telehealth. By monitoring vital signs like body temperature, arterial oxygen saturation, and breath rate, wearable sensors provide enormous potential for the early detection of diseases. In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in the development of wearable sensors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials with flexibility, excellent mechanical stability, high sensitivity, and accuracy introducing a new approach to remote and real-time health monitoring. In this review, we outline 2D materials-based wearable sensors and biosensors for a remote health monitoring system. The review focused on five types of wearable sensors, which were classified according to their sensing mechanism, such as pressure, strain, electrochemical, optoelectronic, and temperature sensors. 2D material capabilities and their impact on the performance and operation of the wearable sensor are outlined. The fundamental sensing principles and mechanism of wearable sensors, as well as their applications are explored. This review concludes by discussing the remaining obstacles and future opportunities for this emerging telehealth field. We hope that this report will be useful to individuals who want to design new wearable sensors based on 2D materials and it will generate new ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayraj V. Vaghasiya
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Shi Y, Li T, Zhao L, Liu Y, Ding K, Li D, He P, Jiang D, Liu J, Zhou H. Ultrathin MXene nanosheet-based TiO2/CdS heterostructure as a photoelectrochemical sensor for detection of CEA in human serum samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 230:115287. [PMID: 37012191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
To develop highly accurate and ultrasensitive strategies is of great importance for the clinical measurement, in particular, the detection of cancer biomarkers. Herein, we synthesized an ultrasensitive TiO2/MXene/CdS QDs (TiO2/MX/CdS) heterostructure as a photoelectrochemical immunosensor, which favors energy levels matching and fast electron transfer from CdS to TiO2 in the help of ultrathin MXene nanosheet. Dramatic photocurrent quenching can be observed upon incubation of the TiO2/MX/CdS electrode by Cu2+ solution from 96-well microplate, which caused by the formation of CuS and subsequent CuxS (x = 1, 2), reducing the absorption of light and boosting the electron-hole recombination upon irradiation. As a result, the as-prepared biosensor demonstrates a linearly increased photocurrent quenching percentage (Q%) value with CEA concentration ranging from 1 fg/mL to 10 ng/mL, as well as a low detection limit of 0.24 fg/mL. Benefit from its excellent stability, high selectivity and good reproducibility of as-prepared PEC immunosensor, we believe that this proposed strategy might provide new opportunities for clinical diagnosis of CEA and other tumor markers.
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34
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Chen X, Li H, Xu Z, Lu L, Pan Z, Mao Y. Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Bioinspired Artificial Skins for Healthcare Monitoring and Human-Machine Interaction. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:223. [PMID: 37366818 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial skin, also known as bioinspired electronic skin (e-skin), refers to intelligent wearable electronics that imitate the tactile sensory function of human skin and identify the detected changes in external information through different electrical signals. Flexible e-skin can achieve a wide range of functions such as accurate detection and identification of pressure, strain, and temperature, which has greatly extended their application potential in the field of healthcare monitoring and human-machine interaction (HMI). During recent years, the exploration and development of the design, construction, and performance of artificial skin has received extensive attention from researchers. With the advantages of high permeability, great ratio surface of area, and easy functional modification, electrospun nanofibers are suitable for the construction of electronic skin and further demonstrate broad application prospects in the fields of medical monitoring and HMI. Therefore, the critical review is provided to comprehensively summarize the recent advances in substrate materials, optimized fabrication techniques, response mechanisms, and related applications of the flexible electrospun nanofiber-based bio-inspired artificial skin. Finally, some current challenges and future prospects are outlined and discussed, and we hope that this review will help researchers to better understand the whole field and take it to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Han Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ziteng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhifeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanchao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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35
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Yang J, Hong W, Zhang J, Liu M, Fu Z, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Li Y, Cai R, Qian K. Wearable, Biodegradable, and Antibacterial Multifunctional Ti 3C 2T x MXene/Cellulose Paper for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Passive and Active Dual-Thermal Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23653-23661. [PMID: 37155934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An energy-saving scheme that can simultaneously realize electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, passive solar radiative heating, and active Joule heating in a single wearable device is still a huge challenge. Here, by combining the unique properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene and biocompatible cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), a flexible, degradable, and antibacterial multifunctional Ti3C2Tx/CNF paper (∼0.6 Ω/sq) is constructed through a facile vacuum filtration strategy. The resultant device not only exhibits an admirable EMI shielding effectiveness of ∼48.5 dB at the X-band and a superior heating property including dual-driven electrothermal and photothermal conversion without energy but also possesses wide temperature range regulation and long-time stability. More impressively, both high antibacterial efficiency (toward both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) and good degradability with low-concentration hydrogen peroxide solution can also be achieved in Ti3C2Tx/CNF papers. This study provides a promising platform for practical applications of multifunctional Ti3C2Tx/CNFs in EMI shielding, thermotherapy, heat preservation, and antibacterial protection in harsh environments, satisfying the demands for energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wang Hong
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Lu'an Branch, Anhui Institute of Innovation for Industrial Technology, Lu'an 237100, China
| | - Jizheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhiwei Fu
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Lu'an Branch, Anhui Institute of Innovation for Industrial Technology, Lu'an 237100, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qinglei Guo
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Rong Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Kai Qian
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Lu'an Branch, Anhui Institute of Innovation for Industrial Technology, Lu'an 237100, China
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36
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Sun Y, Xue S, Sun J, Li X, Ou Y, Zhu B, Demir M. Silk-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon electrodes with enhanced ionic conductivity for high-performance supercapacitors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:297-305. [PMID: 37150003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitors are attracting extensive attention in energy storage fields thanks to their high safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. The carbon materials, especially for the porous carbon materials derived from renewable biomass materials, are important electrode materials with cost-effective feature for supercapacitors. However, the inferior ionic conductivity of biomass materials inhibits their electrochemical performance in energy storage devices. Herein, an immiscible liquid-mediated method is provided to improve the ionic conductivity of silk-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NPC) electrodes. Natural Bombyx mori (silkworm) silk is used as a carbon source for the preparation of electrode of supercapacitor. Further introducing immiscible organic liquid into the NPCs promotes the ion transport in the inner pores of the electrodes. With the assistance of organic liquid, the supercapacitor presents a specific capacitance of 565.3 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. The supercapacitor shows the maximum specific energy and power density of 26.2 Wh kg-1 and 263.9 W kg-1, and holds a capacitance retention of approximately 93.3% after 10 000 cycles. This work provides a facile method for the rational design of carbon material derived from biomass material to fabricate electrode with high ionic conductivity, and the strategy will be extendable to other biomass materials for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Shan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, PR China
| | - Jinhua Sun
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, PR China
| | - Yuchen Ou
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, PR China
| | - Baohuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, PR China
| | - Muslum Demir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye 80000, Turkey; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Material Institute, Gebze 41470, Turkey
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37
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Garg R, Patra NR, Samal S, Babbar S, Parida K. A review on accelerated development of skin-like MXene electrodes: from experimental to machine learning. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8110-8133. [PMID: 37096943 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05969j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Foreshadowing future needs has catapulted the progress of skin-like electronic devices for human-machine interactions. These devices possess human skin-like properties such as stretchability, self-healability, transparency, biocompatibility, and wearability. This review highlights the recent progress in a promising material, MXenes, to realize soft, deformable, skin-like electrodes. Various structural designs, fabrication strategies, and rational guidelines adopted to realize MXene-based skin-like electrodes are outlined. We explicitly discussed machine learning-based material informatics to understand and predict the properties of MXenes. Finally, an outlook on the existing challenges and the future roadmap to realize soft skin-like MXene electrodes to facilitate technological advances in the next-generation human-machine interactions has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Garg
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | | | - Shubham Babbar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Wu Z, Liu S, Hao Z, Liu X. MXene Contact Engineering for Printed Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207174. [PMID: 37096843 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MXenes emerging as an amazing class of 2D layered materials, have drawn great attention in the past decade. Recent progress suggest that MXene-based materials have been widely explored as conductive electrodes for printed electronics, including electronic and optoelectronic devices, sensors, and energy storage systems. Here, the critical factors impacting device performance are comprehensively interpreted from the viewpoint of contact engineering, thereby giving a deep understanding of surface microstructures, contact defects, and energy level matching as well as their interaction principles. This review also summarizes the existing challenges of MXene inks and the related printing techniques, aiming at inspiring researchers to develop novel large-area and high-resolution printing integration methods. Moreover, to effectually tune the states of contact interface and meet the urgent demands of printed electronics, the significance of MXene contact engineering in reducing defects, matching energy levels, and regulating performance is highlighted. Finally, the printed electronics constructed by the collaborative combination of the printing process and contact engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuiren Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zijuan Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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39
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Zheng X, Cao W, Hong X, Zou L, Liu Z, Wang P, Li C. Versatile Electronic Textile Enabled by a Mixed-Dimensional Assembly Strategy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208134. [PMID: 36710251 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) hold great promise for serving as next-generation wearable electronics owing to their inherent flexible, air-permeable, and lightweight characteristics. However, these e-textiles are of limited performance mainly because of lacking powerful materials combination. Herein, a versatile e-textile through a simple, high-efficiency mixed-dimensional assembly of 2D MXene nanosheets and 1D silver nanowires (AgNWs) are presented. The effective complementary actions of MXene and AgNWs endow the e-textiles with superior integrated performances including self-powered pressure sensing, ultrafast joule heating, and highly efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The textile-based self-powered smart sensor systems obtained through the screen-printed assembly of MXene-based supercapacitor and pressure sensor are flexible and lightweight, showing ultrahigh specific capacitance (2390 mF cm-2 ), robust areal energy density (119.5 µWh cm-2 ), excellent sensitivity (474.8 kPa-1 ), and low detection limit (1 Pa). Furthermore, the interconnected conductive MXene/AgNWs network enables the e-textile with ultrafast temperature response (10.4 °C s-1 ) and outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness of ≈66.4 dB. Therefore, the proposed mixed-dimensional assembly design creates a multifunctional e-textile that offers a practical paradigm for next-generation smart flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhong Zheng
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
- China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Flexible Devices for Intelligent Textile and Apparel, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Cao
- Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Zou
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
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Lai QT, Zhao XH, Sun QJ, Tang Z, Tang XG, Roy VAL. Emerging MXene-Based Flexible Tactile Sensors for Health Monitoring and Haptic Perception. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300283. [PMID: 36965088 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to their potential applications in physiological monitoring, diagnosis, human prosthetics, haptic perception, and human-machine interaction, flexible tactile sensors have attracted wide research interest in recent years. Thanks to the advances in material engineering, high performance flexible tactile sensors have been obtained. Among the representative pressure sensing materials, 2D layered nanomaterials have many properties that are superior to those of bulk nanomaterials and are more suitable for high performance flexible sensors. As a class of 2D inorganic compounds in materials science, MXene has excellent electrical, mechanical, and biological compatibility. MXene-based composites have proven to be promising candidates for flexible tactile sensors due to their excellent stretchability and metallic conductivity. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to the development of MXene-based composites for flexible sensor applications. In this paper, the controllable preparation and characterization of MXene are introduced. Then, the recent progresses on fabrication strategies, operating mechanisms, and device performance of MXene composite-based flexible tactile sensors, including flexible piezoresistive sensors, capacitive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, triboelectric sensors are reviewed. After that, the applications of MXene material-based flexible electronics in human motion monitoring, healthcare, prosthetics, and artificial intelligence are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for MXene-based tactile sensors are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Teng Lai
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Jun Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Gui Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Vellaisamy A L Roy
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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41
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Huang J, Su J, Hou Z, Li J, Li Z, Zhu Z, Liu S, Yang Z, Yin X, Yu G. Cytocompatibility of Ti 3C 2T x MXene with Red Blood Cells and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and the Underlying Mechanisms. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:347-359. [PMID: 36791021 PMCID: PMC10032211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been widely used in biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility. Considering the high risk of exposure of the circulatory system to Ti3C2Tx, we studied the cytocompatibility of Ti3C2Tx MXene with red blood cells (RBCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and showed that Ti3C2Tx had excellent compatibility with the two cell lines. Ti3C2Tx at a concentration as high as 200 μg/mL caused a negligible percent hemolysis of 0.8%. By contrast, at the same treatment concentration, graphene oxide (GO) caused a high percent hemolysis of 50.8%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that RBC structures remained intact in the Ti3C2Tx treatment group, whereas those in the GO group completely deformed, sunk, and shrunk, which resulted in the release of cell contents. This difference can be largely ascribed to the distinct surficial properties of the two nanosheets. In specific, the fully covered surface-terminating -O and -OH groups leading to Ti3C2Tx had a very hydrophilic surface, thereby hindering its penetration into the highly hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane. However, the strong direct van der Waals attractions coordinated with hydrophobic interactions between the unoxidized regions of GO and the lipid hydrophobic tails can still damage the integrity of the cell membranes. In addition, the sharp and keen-edged corners of GO may also facilitate its relatively strong cell membrane damage effects than Ti3C2Tx. Thus, the excellent cell membrane compatibility of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and their ultraweak capacity to provoke excessive ROS generation endowed them with much better compatibility with HUVECs than GO nanosheets. These results indicate that Ti3C2Tx has much better cytocompatibility than GO and provide a valuable reference for the future biomedical applications of Ti3C2Tx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department
of Data and Information, The Children’s
Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Sino-Finland
Joint AI Laboratory for Child Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Juan Su
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center
of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenyu Hou
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center
of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department
of Data and Information, The Children’s
Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Sino-Finland
Joint AI Laboratory for Child Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zheming Li
- Department
of Data and Information, The Children’s
Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Sino-Finland
Joint AI Laboratory for Child Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department
of Data and Information, The Children’s
Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Sino-Finland
Joint AI Laboratory for Child Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Shengtang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center
of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center
of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiuhua Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center
of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department
of Data and Information, The Children’s
Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Sino-Finland
Joint AI Laboratory for Child Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Polytechnic
Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
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Ma Y, Zhao K, Han J, Han B, Wang M, Tong Z, Suhr J, Xiao L, Jia S, Chen X. Pressure Sensor Based on a Lumpily Pyramidal Vertical Graphene Film with a Broad Sensing Range and High Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13813-13821. [PMID: 36857658 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are vital for the development of electronic skins to improve health monitoring, robotic tactile sensing, and artificial intelligence. Active materials and the construction of microstructures in the sensitive layer are the dominating approaches to improve the performance of pressure sensors. However, it is still a challenge to simultaneously achieve a sensor with a high sensitivity and a wide detection range. In this work, using three-dimensional (3D) vertical graphene (VG) as an active material, in combination with micropyramid arrays and lumpy holders, the stress concentration effects are generated in nano-, micro-, and macroscales. Therefore, the lumpily pyramidal VG film-based pressure sensor (LPV sensor) achieves an ultrahigh sensitivity (131.36 kPa-1) and a wide response range (0.1-100 kPa). Finite element analysis demonstrates that the stress concentration effects are enhanced by the micropyramid arrays and lumpy structures in micro- and macroscales, respectively. Finally, the LPV pressure sensors are tested in practical applications, including wearable health monitoring and force feedback of robotic tactile sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiemin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingkang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonghwan Suhr
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway, N-3184 Borre, Norway
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Dai Y, Qi K, Ou K, Song Y, Zhou Y, Zhou M, Song H, He J, Wang H, Wang R. Ag NW-Embedded Coaxial Nanofiber-Coated Yarns with High Stretchability and Sensitivity for Wearable Multi-Sensing Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11244-11258. [PMID: 36791272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emerging intelligent piezoresistive yarn/textile-based sensors are of paramount importance for skin-interface electronics, owing to their unparalleled features including softness, breathability, and easy integration with functional devices. However, employing a facile way to fabricate 1D sensing yarns with mechanical robustness, multi-functional integration, and comfortability is still demanded for satisfying the practical applications. Herein, a facile one-step synchronous conjugated electrospinning and electrospraying technique is innovatively employed to continuously construct an Ag NW-embedded polyurethane (PU) nanofiber sensing yarn (AENSY) with hierarchical architecture. This 1D AENSY with weavability and stretchability can be woven into AENSY textile-based sensors integrated with functions of strain and pressure sensing. In this embedded multi-scale architecture, Ag NWs are evenly embedded and locked in the oriented and twisted PU nanofiber (PUNF) scaffold, forming the hierarchical mechanical sensing layer on the surface of the AENSY with favorable stability. Meanwhile, the presence of the elastic PUNFs enhances porosity, elasticity, and considerable deformation space, which in turn endow the AENSY textile-based sensor with a gauge factor (GF) up to 1010, a pressure sensitivity up to 16.7 N-1, high stretchability up to 160%, and high stability under long-term cycles. In addition, the AENSY textile-based sensor exhibits light weight and the unique advantage of skin-friendliness with the human body, which can be directly and conformally attached to the curved human skin to monitor the various human movements. Furthermore, the weavable AENSYs can be integrated into smart textiles with sensing arrays, which are capable for spatial pressure and strain mapping. Thus, the continuous one-step developing process and the stable embedded-twisted fiber structure provide a promising strategy to develop innovative smart yarns and textiles for personalized healthcare and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Dai
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qi
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Kangkang Ou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yutang Song
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Yuman Zhou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Song
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin He
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rongwu Wang
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
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Shi L, Li Z, Chen M, Zhu T, Wu L. Ultrasensitive and Ultraprecise Pressure Sensors for Soft Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210091. [PMID: 36625165 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive soft pressure sensors have attracted tremendous attention in recent years due to their great promise in robotics, healthcare, smart wearables, etc. Although high sensitivities can be realized by existing sensing mechanisms, they usually cause large random errors owing to inhomogeneous sensing layers, thus considerably reducing the sensing precision for practical applications. Herein, a pure-polymer and field emission bilayer structure (PFEBS)-based transduction mechanism is presented to successfully design an ultrasensitive and ultraprecise soft pressure sensor for the first time. This unique structure enables numerous tunneling electrons generated by field emission to be transmitted through the homogeneous sensing layer, which undergoes uniform deformation under subtle pressures, simultaneously achieving a sensing precision with variation <1.62% and a sensitivity of 372.2 kPa-1 . This study offers a new design strategy to develop next-generation high-performance flexible pressure sensors for soft systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shi
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Zhang S, Sun X, Guo X, Zhang J, Li H, Chen L, Wu J, Shi Y, Pan L. A Wide-Range-Response Piezoresistive-Capacitive Dual-Sensing Breathable Sensor with Spherical-Shell Network of MWCNTs for Motion Detection and Language Assistance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13050843. [PMID: 36903721 PMCID: PMC10005261 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is still a challenge for flexible electronic materials to realize integrated strain sensors with a large linear working range, high sensitivity, good response durability, good skin affinity and good air permeability. In this paper, we present a simple and scalable porous piezoresistive/capacitive dual-mode sensor with a porous structure in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded on its internal surface to form a three-dimensional spherical-shell-structured conductive network. Thanks to the unique spherical-shell conductive network of MWCNTs and the uniform elastic deformation of the cross-linked PDMS porous structure under compression, our sensor offers a dual piezoresistive/capacitive strain-sensing capability, a wide pressure response range (1-520 kPa), a very large linear response region (95%), excellent response stability and durability (98% of initial performance after 1000 compression cycles). Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were coated on the surface of refined sugar particles by continuous agitation. Ultrasonic PDMS solidified with crystals was attached to the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. After the crystals were dissolved, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes were attached to the porous surface of the PDMS, forming a three-dimensional spherical-shell-structure network. The porosity of the porous PDMS was 53.9%. The large linear induction range was mainly related to the good conductive network of the MWCNTs in the porous structure of the crosslinked PDMS and the elasticity of the material, which ensured the uniform deformation of the porous structure under compression. The porous conductive polymer flexible sensor prepared by us can be assembled into a wearable sensor with good human motion detection ability. For example, human movement can be detected by responding to stress in the joints of the fingers, elbows, knees, plantar, etc., during movement. Finally, our sensors can also be used for simple gesture and sign language recognition, as well as speech recognition by monitoring facial muscle activity. This can play a role in improving communication and the transfer of information between people, especially in facilitating the lives of people with disabilities.
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Yang J, Zhang Z, Zhou P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, Gu Y, Qin S, Haick H, Wang Y. Toward a new generation of permeable skin electronics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3051-3078. [PMID: 36723108 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mountable electronics are considered to be the future of the next generation of portable electronics, due to their softness and seamless integration with human skin. However, impermeable materials limit device comfort and reliability for long-term, continuous usage. The recent emergence of permeable skin-mountable electronics has attracted tremendous attention in the soft electronics field. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and systematic review of permeable skin-mountable electronics. Typical porous materials and structures are first highlighted, followed by discussion of important device properties. Then, we review the latest representative applications of breathable skin-mountable electronics, such as bioelectrical sensors, temperature sensors, humidity and hydration sensors, strain and pressure sensors, and energy harvesting and storage devices. Finally, a conclusion and future directions for permeable skin electronics are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zongman Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yumiao Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Yuheng Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Shenglin Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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Zhai K, Wang H, Ding Q, Wu Z, Ding M, Tao K, Yang B, Xie X, Li C, Wu J. High-Performance Strain Sensors Based on Organohydrogel Microsphere Film for Wearable Human-Computer Interfacing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205632. [PMID: 36563136 PMCID: PMC9951583 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable hydrogel-based strain sensors suffer from limited sensitivity, which urgently requires further breakthroughs for precise and stable human-computer interaction. Here, an efficient microstructural engineering strategy is proposed to significantly enhance the sensitivity of hydrogel-based strain sensors by sandwiching an emulsion-polymerized polyacrylamide organohydrogel microsphere membrane between two Ecoflex films, which are accompanied by crack generation and propagation effects upon stretching. Consequently, the as-developed strain sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) of 1275), wide detection range (100% strain), low hysteresis, ultralow detection limit (0.05% strain), good fatigue resistance, and low fabrication cost. In addition, the sensor features good water, dehydration, and frost resistance, enabling real-time strain monitoring in various complex conditions due to the encapsulation of Ecoflex film and the addition of glycerol and KCl. Through further structural manipulation, the device achieves superior response to tiny strains, with a GF value of 98.3 in the strain range of less than 1.5%. Owing to the high strain sensing performance, the sensor is able to detect various human activities from swallowing to finger bending even under water. On this basis, a wireless sensing system with apnea warning and single-channel gesture recognition capabilities is successfully demonstrated, demonstrating its great promise as wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankan Zhai
- Department of OtolaryngologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen University510275GuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of OtolaryngologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen University510275GuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Qiongling Ding
- Department of OtolaryngologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen University510275GuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Department of OtolaryngologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen University510275GuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Minghui Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen University510080GuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Kai Tao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for AerospaceNorthwestern Polytechnical University710072Xi'anP. R. China
| | - Bo‐Ru Yang
- Department of OtolaryngologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen University510275GuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Xi Xie
- Department of OtolaryngologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen University510275GuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of OtolaryngologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen University510275GuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of OtolaryngologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen University510275GuangzhouP. R. China
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Zhang H, Zhang D, Wang Z, Xi G, Mao R, Ma Y, Wang D, Tang M, Xu Z, Luan H. Ultrastretchable, Self-Healing Conductive Hydrogel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Human-Computer Interaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5128-5138. [PMID: 36658100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of wearable electronic devices and virtual reality technology has revived interest in flexible sensing and control devices. Here, we report an ionic hydrogel (PTSM) prepared from polypropylene amine (PAM), tannic acid (TA), sodium alginate (SA), and MXene. Based on the multiple weak H-bonds, this hydrogel exhibits excellent stretchability (strain >4600%), adhesion, and self-healing. The introduction of MXene nanosheets endows the hydrogel sensor with a high gauge factor (GF) of 6.6. Meanwhile, it also enables triboelectric nanogenerators (PTSM-TENGs) fabricated from silicone rubber-encapsulated hydrogels to have excellent energy harvesting efficiency, with an instantaneous output power density of 54.24 mW/m2. We build a glove-based human-computer interaction (HMI) system using PTSM-TENGs. The multidimensional signal features of PTSM-TENG are extracted and analyzed by the HMI system, and the functions of gesture visualization and robot hand control are realized. In addition, triboelectric signals can be used for object recognition with the help of machine learning techniques. The glove based on PTSM-TENG achieves the classification and recognition of five objects through contact, with an accuracy rate of 98.7%. Therefore, strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators based on hydrogels have broad application prospects in man-machine interface, intelligent recognition systems, auxiliary control systems, and other fields due to their excellent stretchable and high self-healing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Zihu Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Guangshuai Xi
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Ruiyuan Mao
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Yanhua Ma
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Dongyue Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Mingcong Tang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Zhenyuan Xu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Huixin Luan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
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Xie Y, Cheng Y, Ma Y, Wang J, Zou J, Wu H, Yue Y, Li B, Gao Y, Zhang X, Nan C. 3D MXene-Based Flexible Network for High-Performance Pressure Sensor with a Wide Temperature Range. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205303. [PMID: 36567306 PMCID: PMC9951356 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing popularity of smart wearable devices, flexible pressure sensors are highly desired in various complex application scenarios. A great challenge for existing flexible pressure sensors is to maintain high sensitivity over a wide temperature range, which is critical for their applications in harsh environments. Herein, a flexible piezoresistive sensor made of polyetherimide (PEI) fibrous network evenly covered with MXene nanosheets is reported to construct conductive pathways, showing ultrahigh sensitivity over a wide temperature range from -5 °C (sensitivity of 80 kPa-1 ) to 150 °C (20 kPa-1 ), low detection limit of 9 Pa, fast response time of 163 ms, outstanding durability over 10 000 cycles at room temperature, 2000 cycles at 100 °C and 500 cycles at -5 °C. The pressure sensor can monitor various human activities in real-time, apply to human-machine interaction, and measure pressure distribution. It also can sensitively respond to external mechanical stimuli at 150 °C and extremely low temperature (in liquid nitrogen). Moreover, the fibrous network exhibits an excellent Joule heating performance, which can reach 78 °C at an applied voltage of 12 V. Thus, the piezoresistive sensor has considerable potential for wearable garments and personal heating applications in harsh temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingCenter of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Yongfa Cheng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Yanan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingCenter of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Power BatterySchool of MathematicsPhysics and Optoelectronic EngineeringHubei University of Automotive TechnologyShiyan442002P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingCenter of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingCenter of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingCenter of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Yang Yue
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceKey Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of EducationInstitutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230601P. R. China
| | - Baowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingCenter of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Yihua Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingCenter of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Ce‐Wen Nan
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
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Chen S, Huang W. A review related to MXene preparation and its sensor arrays of electronic skins. Analyst 2023; 148:435-453. [PMID: 36468668 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MXenes have been flourishing over the last decade as a high-performance 2D material, which combines the advantages of high electrical conductivity, photothermal conversion, and easy dispersion. They have been used to create soft, highly conductive, self-healing, and tactile-simulating electronic skins (E-skins). However, these E-skins remain generally limited to one or two functions with a complex preparation process. Next-generation E-skins necessitate not only large-scale fabrication using simple and fast methods but also the integration of multiple sensing functions and signal analysis components in order to provide functionality that was not unattainable in the past. Starting with the synthesis of pure MXenes, we walk through the steps of designing MXene sensors, integrating electronic skin arrays, and determining the function of MXene-based electronic skins. We also summarise the problems with existing MXene-based E-skins and possible futuristic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Chen
- Chengdu Techman Software Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu Huang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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