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Boateng D, Li X, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Wu M, Liu J, Kang Y, Zeng H, Han L. Recent advances in flexible hydrogel sensors: Enhancing data processing and machine learning for intelligent perception. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116499. [PMID: 38896981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of flexible electronics and sensing technology, hydrogel-based flexible sensors have exhibited considerable potential across a diverse range of applications, including wearable electronics and soft robotics. Recently, advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms have been integrated into flexible hydrogel sensing technology to enhance their data processing capabilities and to achieve intelligent perception. However, there are no reviews specifically focusing on the data processing steps and analysis based on the raw sensing data obtained by flexible hydrogel sensors. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the latest advancements and breakthroughs in intelligent perception achieved through the fusion of ML algorithms with flexible hydrogel sensors, across various applications. Moreover, this review thoroughly examines the data processing techniques employed in flexible hydrogel sensors, offering valuable perspectives expected to drive future data-driven applications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Boateng
- College of Applied Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518188, China
| | - Xukai Li
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518188, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518188, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Meng Wu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Jifang Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Applied Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518188, China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Linbo Han
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518188, China.
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2
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Wanyan H, Li Q, Huang H, Li J, Huang L, Chen L, Wei J, Zhou X, Tang Z, Wu H. Flexible high electrochemical active hydrogel for wearable sensors and supercapacitor electrolytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134356. [PMID: 39089551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of flexible, portable devices, hydrogel electrolytes have gained considerable attention as potential replacements for conventional liquid electrolytes. A hydrogel electrolyte was synthesised by cross-linking acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). The formation of hydrogen bonds and chelate interactions between the P(AA-co-AM) polymer, CMC, and ZnSO4 created a robust network, enhancing the mechanical properties of the hydrogel electrolytes. Notably, the hydrogel electrolyte containing 0.6 % CMC demonstrated superior mechanical strength (compression strength of 1.22 MPa, tensile stress of 230 kPa, tensile strain of 424 %, adhesion strength of 1.98 MPa on wood). Additionally, the CMC/P(AA-co-AM) hydrogels exhibited commendable electrical performance (38 mS/cm) and a high gauge factor (2.9), enabling the precise detection of physiological activity signals through resistance measurements. The unique network structure of the hydrogel electrolyte also ensured a stable bonding interface between the electrode and the electrolyte. After 2000 charge-discharge cycles, the supercapacitor maintained good capacitance characteristics, with a capacitance retention rate of 71.21 % and a stable Coulombic efficiency of 98.85 %, demonstrating excellent cyclic stability. This study introduces a novel methodology for fabricating multifunctional all-solid-state supercapacitors and suggests that the hydrogel can significantly advance the development of wearable energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Wanyan
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Key Laboratory of Antibacterial and Antiviral, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, PR China
| | - Hai Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Key Laboratory of Antibacterial and Antiviral, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, PR China.
| | - Xiaxing Zhou
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China.
| | - Zuwu Tang
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China.
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China.
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Shen J, Yang Y, Zhang J, Lin W, Gu H. Carbon Quantum Dot-Functionalized Dermis-Derived Transparent Electronic Skin for Multimodal Human Motion Signal Monitoring and Construction of Self-Powered Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:46771-46788. [PMID: 39166375 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) is considered as a highly promising interface for human-computer interaction systems and wearable electronic devices. Through elaborate design and assembly of various materials, it possesses multiple characteristics similar to human skin, including remarkable flexibility, stretchability, sensitivity to temperature and humidity, biocompatibility, and efficient interfacial ion/electron transport capabilities. Here, we innovatively integrate multifunctional carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which exhibit conductivity, antibacterial properties, ultraviolet absorption, and fluorescence emission, with poly(acrylic acid) and glycerin (Gly) into a three-dimensional network structure of natural goatskin collagen fibers. Through a top-down design strategy enhanced by hydrogen bond reconstruction, we successfully fabricated a novel transparent e-skin (PAC-eSkin). This e-skin exhibited significant tensile properties (4.94 MPa of tensile strength and 263.42% of a maximum breaking elongation), while also possessing Young's modulus similar to human skin (2.32 MPa). It is noteworthy that the functionalized CQDs used was derived from discarded goat hair, and the addition of Gly gave PAC-eSkin excellent antifreezing and moisturizing properties. Due to the presence of ultrasmall CQDs, which creates efficient ion/electron transport channels within PAC-eSkin, it could rapidly sense human motion and physiological signals (with a gauge factor (GF) of 1.88). Furthermore, PAC-eSkin had the potential to replace traditional electrode patches for real-time monitoring of electrocardiogram, electromyogram, and electrooculogram signals, with a higher SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of 25.1 dB. Additionally, the customizable size and shape of PAC-eSkin offer vast possibilities for the construction of single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator systems. We have reason to believe that the design and development of this transparent e-skin based on CQDs-functionalized dermal collagen matrices can pave a new way for innovations in human-computer interaction interfaces and their sensing application in diverse scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Verma SK, Tyagi V, Sonika, Dutta T, Mishra SK. Flexible and wearable electronic systems based on 2D hydrogel composites. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39219494 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay01124d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics is a rapidly developing field of study, which integrates many other fields, including materials science, biology, chemistry, physics, and electrical engineering. Despite their vast potential, the widespread utilization of flexible electronics is hindered by several constraints, including elevated Young's modulus, inadequate biocompatibility, and diminished responsiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to develop innovative materials aimed at overcoming these hurdles and catalysing their practical implementation. In these materials, hydrogels are particularly promising owing to their three-dimensional crosslinked hydrated polymer networks and exceptional properties, positioning them as leading candidates for the development of future flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar Verma
- Centre for Sustainable Polymers, Technology Complex, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Varee Tyagi
- Centre for Sustainable Polymers, Technology Complex, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sonika
- Department of Physics, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh 791112, India
| | - Taposhree Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah, W.B. 711103, India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Mishra
- Space and Resilient Communications and Systems (SRCOM), Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels, Spain.
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Tang H, Li Y, Liao S, Liu H, Qiao Y, Zhou J. Multifunctional Conductive Hydrogel Interface for Bioelectronic Recording and Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400562. [PMID: 38773929 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed the rapid advancement and broad applications of flexible bioelectronics, in wearable and implantable electronics, brain-computer interfaces, neural science and technology, clinical diagnosis, treatment, etc. It is noteworthy that soft and elastic conductive hydrogels, owing to their multiple similarities with biological tissues in terms of mechanics, electronics, water-rich, and biological functions, have successfully bridged the gap between rigid electronics and soft biology. Multifunctional hydrogel bioelectronics, emerging as a new generation of promising material candidates, have authentically established highly compatible and reliable, high-quality bioelectronic interfaces, particularly in bioelectronic recording and stimulation. This review summarizes the material basis and design principles involved in constructing hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces, and systematically discusses the fundamental mechanism and unique advantages in bioelectrical interfacing with the biological surface. Furthermore, an overview of the state-of-the-art manufacturing strategies for hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces with enhanced biocompatibility and integration with the biological system is presented. This review finally exemplifies the unprecedented advancement and impetus toward bioelectronic recording and stimulation, especially in implantable and integrated hydrogel bioelectronic systems, and concludes with a perspective expectation for hydrogel bioelectronics in clinical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shufei Liao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Houfang Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yancong Qiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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Haridas Cp A, Pillai SK, Naskar S, Mondal T, Naskar K. Polyurethane/Carbon Nanotube-Based ThermoSense Electronic Skin: Perception to Decision Making Aided by Internet of Things Brain. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39189921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Human skin has several receptors collaborating with the brain to provide appropriate "decisions" when applying stimuli. Several research articles state that biomimetic electronic skin (e-skin) is reportedly used for sensor-related applications and performs similarly to natural skin. However, research reporting the capability of the e-skin to make decisions and therefore react upon exposure to adverse conditions is still in its nascent stage. Herein, we report the development of an e-skin, ThermoSense, that can thermoregulate by making appropriate decisions. Thermoplastic polyurethane and multiwalled carbon nanotubes were used as the model composite. The heating and sensing capabilities of the optimized e-skin were studied in detail. In the study window, the e-skin demonstrated excellent electrothermal conversion efficiency by generating a temperature of 192 °C, consuming a power of 2.23 W. A finite element modeling (FEM) was adopted to determine the distribution of the filler in the case of the optimized e-skin and thus was used to probe the reason for the heating across the e-skin via mapping of the internal energy across the sample. FEM results and experimental findings are in strong agreement. Additionally, the e-skin demonstrated its capability to act as a thermal sensor with a 0.947% °C-1 sensitivity. To integrate the decision-making capabilities of the e-skin, an Internet of Things (IoT) brain console was made using the e-skin and electronic chips by leveraging More than Moore's concept. The IoT brain was automated with decision-making programming that was controllable via an in-house-developed mobile application. The console worked exclusively under simulated conditions. When there was a shift from the set point temperature, it started to heat. Postusage, the e-skin matrix was recycled, and the recycled e-skin demonstrated a marginal decrement in performance attributes. This study opens new avenues for developing decision-making e-skins for next-generation human-machine interphases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Haridas Cp
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sreekesh Kesava Pillai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Susmita Naskar
- School of Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Titash Mondal
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Kinsuk Naskar
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Wu X, Yang X, Wang P, Wang Z, Fan X, Duan W, Yue Y, Xie J, Liu Y. Strain-Temperature Dual Sensor Based on Deep Learning Strategy for Human-Computer Interaction Systems. ACS Sens 2024; 9:4216-4226. [PMID: 39068608 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) hydrogels, mimicking human skin, possessing temperature and strain sensing capabilities, are well-suited for human-machine interaction interfaces and wearable devices. In this study, a TE hydrogel with high toughness and temperature responsiveness was created using the Hofmeister effect and TE current effect, achieved through the cross-linking of PVA/PAA/carboxymethyl cellulose triple networks. The Hofmeister effect, facilitated by Na+ and SO42- ions coordination, notably increased the hydrogel's tensile strength (800 kPa). Introduction of Fe2+/Fe3+ as redox pairs conferred a high Seebeck coefficient (2.3 mV K-1), thereby enhancing temperature responsiveness. Using this dual-responsive sensor, successful demonstration of a feedback mechanism combining deep learning with a robotic hand was accomplished (with a recognition accuracy of 95.30%), alongside temperature warnings at various levels. It is expected to replace manual work through the control of the manipulator in some high-temperature and high-risk scenarios, thereby improving the safety factor, underscoring the vast potential of TE hydrogel sensors in motion monitoring and human-machine interaction applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wu
- School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Electric Machinery Health Maintenance & Failure Prevention, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Zinan Wang
- School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Electric Machinery Health Maintenance & Failure Prevention, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Ying Yue
- School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Electric Machinery Health Maintenance & Failure Prevention, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
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Wang W, Zhou H, Xu Z, Li Z, Zhang L, Wan P. Flexible Conformally Bioadhesive MXene Hydrogel Electronics for Machine Learning-Facilitated Human-Interactive Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401035. [PMID: 38552161 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Wearable epidermic electronics assembled from conductive hydrogels are attracting various research attention for their seamless integration with human body for conformally real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics and medical treatment, and human-interactive sensing. Nevertheless, it remains a tremendous challenge to simultaneously achieve conformally bioadhesive epidermic electronics with remarkable self-adhesiveness, reliable ultraviolet (UV) protection ability, and admirable sensing performance for high-fidelity epidermal electrophysiological signals monitoring, along with timely photothermal therapeutic performances after medical diagnostic sensing, as well as efficient antibacterial activity and reliable hemostatic effect for potential medical therapy. Herein, a conformally bioadhesive hydrogel-based epidermic sensor, featuring superior self-adhesiveness and excellent UV-protection performance, is developed by dexterously assembling conducting MXene nanosheets network with biological hydrogel polymer network for conformally stably attaching onto human skin for high-quality recording of various epidermal electrophysiological signals with high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and low interfacial impedance for intelligent medical diagnosis and smart human-machine interface. Moreover, a smart sign language gesture recognition platform based on collected electromyogram (EMG) signals is designed for hassle-free communication with hearing-impaired people with the help of advanced machine learning algorithms. Meanwhile, the bioadhesive MXene hydrogel possesses reliable antibacterial capability, excellent biocompatibility, and effective hemostasis properties for promising bacterial-infected wound bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hailiang Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhishan Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zehui Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengbo Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Li J, Wang H, Luo Y, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Chen H, Tao K, Liu C, Zeng L, Huo F, Wu J. Design of AI-Enhanced and Hardware-Supported Multimodal E-Skin for Environmental Object Recognition and Wireless Toxic Gas Alarm. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:256. [PMID: 39073674 PMCID: PMC11286924 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Post-earthquake rescue missions are full of challenges due to the unstable structure of ruins and successive aftershocks. Most of the current rescue robots lack the ability to interact with environments, leading to low rescue efficiency. The multimodal electronic skin (e-skin) proposed not only reproduces the pressure, temperature, and humidity sensing capabilities of natural skin but also develops sensing functions beyond it-perceiving object proximity and NO2 gas. Its multilayer stacked structure based on Ecoflex and organohydrogel endows the e-skin with mechanical properties similar to natural skin. Rescue robots integrated with multimodal e-skin and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms show strong environmental perception capabilities and can accurately distinguish objects and identify human limbs through grasping, laying the foundation for automated post-earthquake rescue. Besides, the combination of e-skin and NO2 wireless alarm circuits allows robots to sense toxic gases in the environment in real time, thereby adopting appropriate measures to protect trapped people from the toxic environment. Multimodal e-skin powered by AI algorithms and hardware circuits exhibits powerful environmental perception and information processing capabilities, which, as an interface for interaction with the physical world, dramatically expands intelligent robots' application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518063, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxing Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Huo
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
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Xiang X, Zhang K, Qin Y, Ma X, Dai Y, Zhang X, Niu W, He P. Smart Cushions with Machine Learning-Enhanced Force Sensors for Pressure Injury Risk Assessment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38466-38477. [PMID: 38995996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting can easily result in pressure injury (PI) for certain people who have had strokes or spinal cord injuries. There are not many methods available for tracking contact surface pressure and shear force to evaluate the PI risk. Here, we propose a smart cushion that uses two-dimensional force sensors (2D-FSs) to measure the pressure and shear force in the buttocks. A machine learning algorithm is then used to compute the shear stresses in the gluteal muscles, which helps to determine the PI risk. The 2D-FS consists of a ferroelectret coaxial sensor (FCS) unit placed atop a ferroelectret film sensor (FFS) unit, allowing it to detect both vertical and horizontal forces simultaneously. To characterize and calibrate, two experimental approaches are applied: one involves simultaneously applying two perpendicular forces, and one involves applying a single force. To separate the two forces, the 2D-FS is decoupled using a deep neural network technique. Multiple FCSs are embedded to form a smart cushion, and a genetic algorithm-optimized backpropagation neural network is proposed and trained to predict the shear strain in the buttocks to prevent PI. By tracking the danger of PI, the smart cushion based on 2D-FSs may be further connected with home-based intelligent care platforms to increase patient equality for spinal cord injury patients and lower the expense of nursing or rehabilitation care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Xiang
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xingchen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai ,200092, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenxin Niu
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pengfei He
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai ,200092, China
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11
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Yang Y, Chen H, Li Y, Liang J, Huang F, Wang L, Miao H, Nanda HS, Wu J, Peng X, Zhou Y. Hydrogel Loaded with Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Strategy for Wound Healing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:923. [PMID: 39065772 PMCID: PMC11280375 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of novel biomaterials have been applied in wound healing therapy. Creating beneficial environments and containing various bioactive molecules, hydrogel- and extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies have respectively emerged as effective approaches for wound healing. Moreover, the synergistic combination of these two components demonstrates more favorable outcomes in both chronic and acute wound healing. This review provides a comprehensive discussion and summary of the combined application of EVs and hydrogels to address the intricate scenario of wounds. The wound healing process and related biological mechanisms are outlined in the first section. Subsequently, the utilization of EV-loaded hydrogels during the wound healing process is evaluated and discussed. The moist environment created by hydrogels is conducive to wound tissue regeneration. Additionally, the continuous and controlled release of EVs from various origins could be achieved by hydrogel encapsulation. Finally, recent in vitro and in vivo studies reported on hydrogel dressings loaded with EVs are summarized and challenges and opportunities for the future clinical application of this therapeutic approach are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Injury Diagnosis and Repair, and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.H.); (L.W.); (H.M.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biosensing Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, and Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Huizhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Liver Injury Diagnosis and Repair, and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.H.); (L.W.); (H.M.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biosensing Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, and Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver Injury Diagnosis and Repair, and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.H.); (L.W.); (H.M.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biosensing Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, and Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Junting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Injury Diagnosis and Repair, and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.H.); (L.W.); (H.M.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biosensing Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, and Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Injury Diagnosis and Repair, and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.H.); (L.W.); (H.M.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biosensing Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, and Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Injury Diagnosis and Repair, and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.H.); (L.W.); (H.M.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biosensing Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, and Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Huilai Miao
- Key Laboratory of Liver Injury Diagnosis and Repair, and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.H.); (L.W.); (H.M.)
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing Laboratory, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur 482005, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Liver Injury Diagnosis and Repair, and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.H.); (L.W.); (H.M.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biosensing Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, and Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Liver Injury Diagnosis and Repair, and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.H.); (L.W.); (H.M.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biosensing Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, and Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Jia L, Li Y, Ren A, Xiang T, Zhou S. Degradable and Recyclable Hydrogels for Sustainable Bioelectronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32887-32905. [PMID: 38904545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel bioelectronics has been widely used in wearable sensors, electronic skin, human-machine interfaces, and implantable tissue-electrode interfaces, providing great convenience for human health, safety, and education. The generation of electronic waste from bioelectronic devices jeopardizes human health and the natural environment. The development of degradable and recyclable hydrogels is recognized as a paradigm for realizing the next generation of environmentally friendly and sustainable bioelectronics. This review first summarizes the wide range of applications for bioelectronics, including wearable and implantable devices. Then, the employment of natural and synthetic polymers in hydrogel bioelectronics is discussed in terms of degradability and recyclability. Finally, this work provides constructive thoughts and perspectives on the current challenges toward hydrogel bioelectronics, providing valuable insights and guidance for the future evolution of sustainable hydrogel bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghao Jia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Aobo Ren
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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13
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Yang Z, Wang Q, Yu H, Xu Q, Li Y, Cao M, Dhakal R, Li Y, Yao Z. Self-Powered Biomimetic Pressure Sensor Based on Mn-Ag Electrochemical Reaction for Monitoring Rehabilitation Training of Athletes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401515. [PMID: 38654624 PMCID: PMC11220713 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Self-powered pressure detection using smart wearable devices is the subject of intense research attention, which is intended to address the critical need for prolonged and uninterrupted operations. Current piezoelectric and triboelectric sensors well respond to dynamic stimuli while overlooking static stimuli. This study proposes a dual-response potentiometric pressure sensor that responds to both dynamic and static stimuli. The proposed sensor utilizes interdigital electrodes with MnO2/carbon/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the cathode and conductive silver paste as the anode. The electrolyte layer incorporates a mixed hydrogel of PVA and phosphoric acid. The optimized interdigital electrodes and sandpaper-like microstructured surface of the hydrogel electrolyte contribute to enhanced performance by facilitating an increased contact area between the electrolyte and electrodes. The sensor features an open-circuit voltage of 0.927 V, a short-circuit current of 6 µA, a higher sensitivity of 14 mV/kPa, and outstanding cycling performance (>5000 cycles). It can accurately recognize letter writing and enable capacitor charging and LED lighting. Additionally, a data acquisition and display system employing the proposed sensor, which facilitates the monitoring of athletes' rehabilitation training, and machine learning algorithms that effectively guide rehabilitation actions are presented. This study offers novel solutions for the future development of smart wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Yang
- College of Electronics and InformationQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China
| | - Qingzhou Wang
- College of Electronics and InformationQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China
| | - Huixin Yu
- College of Electronics and InformationQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Electronics and InformationQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China
| | - Yuanyue Li
- College of Electronics and InformationQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China
| | - Minghui Cao
- College of Electronics and InformationQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China
| | - Rajendra Dhakal
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSejong UniversitySeoul05006South Korea
| | - Yang Li
- School of Integrated CircuitsShandong UniversityJinan250101China
| | - Zhao Yao
- College of Electronics and InformationQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China
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14
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Cao Y, Xu B, Li B, Fu H. Advanced Design of Soft Robots with Artificial Intelligence. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:214. [PMID: 38869734 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingang Xu
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Fu
- Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Sun Y, Cui J, Feng S, Cui J, Guo Y, Liang C, Gao W, Lu Z, Liu F, Zhang B. Projection Stereolithography 3D Printing High-Conductive Hydrogel for Flexible Passive Wireless Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400103. [PMID: 38573809 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based electronics have inherent similarities to biological tissues and hold potential for wearable applications. However, low conductivity, poor stretchability, nonpersonalizability, and uncontrollable dehydration during use limit their further development. In this study, projection stereolithography 3D printing high-conductive hydrogel for flexible passive wireless sensing is reported. The prepared photocurable silver-based hydrogel is rapidly planarized into antenna shapes on substrates using surface projection stereolithography. After partial dehydration, silver flakes within the circuits form sufficient conductive pathways to achieve high conductivity (387 S cm-1). By sealing the circuits to prevent further dehydration, the resistance remains stable when tensile strain is less than 100% for at least 30 days. Besides, the sealing materials provide versatile functionalities, such as stretchability and shape memory property. Customized flexible radio frequency identification tags are fabricated by integrating with commercial chips to complete the accurate recognition of eye movement, realizing passive wireless sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongding Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jin Cui
- School of Information and Science Technology, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Street, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Shiwei Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weizi Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Fukang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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Yin Y, Xie R, Sun Z, Jiang T, Zhou B, Yu Y, Ding H, Gai S, Yang P. Anti-Freezing and Ultrasensitive Zwitterionic Betaine Hydrogel-Based Strain Sensor for Motion Monitoring and Human-Machine Interaction. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5351-5360. [PMID: 38634773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive and reliable conductive hydrogels are significant in the construction of human-machine twinning systems. However, in extremely cold environments, freezing severely limits the application of hydrogel-based sensors. Herein, building on biomimetics, a zwitterionic hydrogel was elaborated for human-machine interaction employing multichemical bonding synergies and experimental signal analyses. The covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions construct a dense double network structure favorable for stress dispersion and hydrogen bond regeneration. In particular, zwitterions and ionic conductors maintained excellent strain response (99 ms) and electrical sensitivity (gauge factor = 14.52) in the dense hydrogel structure while immobilizing water molecules to enhance the weather resistance (-68 °C). Inspired by the high sensitivity, zwitterionic hydrogel-based strain sensors and remote-control gloves were designed by analyzing the experimental signals, demonstrating promising potential applications within specialized flexible materials and human-machine symbiotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Tianzong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Bingchen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - He Ding
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Li Z, Song P, Li G, Han Y, Ren X, Bai L, Su J. AI energized hydrogel design, optimization and application in biomedicine. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:101014. [PMID: 38464497 PMCID: PMC10924066 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional hydrogel design and optimization methods usually rely on repeated experiments, which is time-consuming and expensive, resulting in a slow-moving of advanced hydrogel development. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and increasing material data, AI-energized design and optimization of hydrogels for biomedical applications has emerged as a revolutionary breakthrough in materials science. This review begins by outlining the history of AI and the potential advantages of using AI in the design and optimization of hydrogels, such as prediction and optimization of properties, multi-attribute optimization, high-throughput screening, automated material discovery, optimizing experimental design, and etc. Then, we focus on the various applications of hydrogels supported by AI technology in biomedicine, including drug delivery, bio-inks for advanced manufacturing, tissue repair, and biosensors, so as to provide a clear and comprehensive understanding of researchers in this field. Finally, we discuss the future directions and prospects, and provide a new perspective for the research and development of novel hydrogel materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Peiran Song
- Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yafei Han
- Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Ren
- Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Long Bai
- Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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18
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Li Z, Liu P, Chen S, Wang B, Liu S, Cui E, Li F, Yu Y, Pan W, Tang N, Gu Y. Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan based nanocomposite organohydrogel flexible wearable strain sensors for sports monitoring and underwater communication rescue. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129054. [PMID: 38159708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based flexible wearable sensors have garnered significant attention in recent years. However, the use of hydrogel, a biomaterial known for its high toughness, environmental friendliness, and frost resistance, poses a considerable challenge. In this study, we propose a stepwise construction and multiple non-covalent interaction matching strategy to successfully prepare dynamically physically crosslinked multifunctional conductive hydrogels. These hydrogels self-assembled to form a rigid crosslinked network through intermolecular hydrogen bonding and metal ion coordination chelation. Furthermore, the freeze-thawing process promoted the formation of poly(vinyl alcohol) microcrystalline domains within the amorphous hydrogel network system, resulting in exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength (2.09 ± 0.01 MPa) and elongation at break of 562 ± 12 %. It can lift 10,000 times its own weight. Additionally, these hydrogels exhibit excellent resistance to swelling and maintain good toughness even at temperatures as low as -60 °C. As a wearable strain sensor with remarkable sensing ability (GF = 1.46), it can be effectively utilized in water and underwater environments. Moreover, it demonstrates excellent antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria). Leveraging its impressive sensing ability, we combine signal recognition with a deep learning model by incorporating Morse code for encryption and decryption, enabling information transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China.
| | - Shaowei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Bingzhen Wang
- College of Guangxi, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Enyuan Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Feihong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Yunwu Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Ning Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Yaxin Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
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19
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Li R, Wei D, Wang Z. Synergizing Machine Learning Algorithm with Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Advanced Self-Powered Sensing Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:165. [PMID: 38251130 PMCID: PMC10819602 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the demand for large-scale intelligent sensing systems. The periodic replacement of power sources for ubiquitous sensing systems leads to significant resource waste and environmental pollution. Human staffing costs associated with replacement also increase the economic burden. The triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provide both an energy harvesting scheme and the possibility of self-powered sensing. Based on contact electrification from different materials, TENGs provide a rich material selection to collect complex and diverse data. As the data collected by TENGs become increasingly numerous and complex, different approaches to machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms have been proposed to efficiently process output signals. In this paper, the latest advances in ML algorithms assisting solid-solid TENG and liquid-solid TENG sensors are reviewed based on the sample size and complexity of the data. The pros and cons of various algorithms are analyzed and application scenarios of various TENG sensing systems are presented. The prospects of synergizing hardware (TENG sensors) with software (ML algorithms) in a complex environment and their main challenges for future developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujuan Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China;
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Wei
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China;
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA
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Yang K, Lin J, Fu C, Guo J, Zhou J, Jiao F, Guo Q, Zhou P, Weng M. Multifunctional actuators integrated with the function of self-powered temperature sensing made with Ti 3C 2T x-bamboo nanofiber composites. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18842-18857. [PMID: 37966128 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, multifunctional actuators have received increasing attention and development. In particular, researchers have conducted extensive research on intelligent actuators with integrated sensing functions. Temperature is an important parameter for the deformation of bilayer thermal actuators. By obtaining the temperature information of a bilayer thermal actuator, the deformation amplitude and its state can be judged. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a type of intelligent actuator with a self-powered temperature sensing function. Herein, Ti3C2Tx-based composites modified with bamboo nanofibers have been proposed and applied to intelligent actuators integrated with a self-powered temperature sensing function. By utilizing the coefficients of thermal expansion between Ti3C2Tx-bamboo nanofiber composites and a polyimide film, a bilayer photo/electro-driven thermal actuator is designed which shows a bending curvature as large as 1.9 cm-1. In addition, Ti3C2Tx-bamboo nanofiber composites have a Seebeck coefficient of -9.15 μV K-1, and are N-type thermoelectric materials and can be used as the component of self-powered temperature sensors. Finally, a series of practical applications were designed, including a light-driven floating actuator (with a moving speed of 5 mm s-1), biomimetic sunflowers, bionic tentacles, and a multifunctional gripper integrated with a self-powered temperature sensing function. In particular, the multifunctional grippers can output voltage signals carrying their temperature information without external complex power sources, demonstrating their potential for remote monitoring. The above results demonstrate that Ti3C2Tx-bamboo nanofiber composites have extensive practical applications in fields such as self-powered sensors, flexible thermoelectric generators, and soft actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihuai Yang
- School of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Junjie Lin
- School of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Congchun Fu
- School of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China.
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China.
| | - Fengliang Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China.
| | - Qiaohang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China.
| | - Peidi Zhou
- Institute of Smart Marine and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350118, China.
| | - Mingcen Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China.
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Su X, Zhai S, Jin K, Li C, Chen A, Cai Z, Xian C, Zhao Y. Rapid and Controllable Preparation of Multifunctional Lignin-Based Eutectogels for the Design of High-Performance Flexible Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45526-45535. [PMID: 37708401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a limited amount of research on PEDOT:LS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):sulfonated lignin)-based hydrogels. While the addition of PEDOT:LS can enhance the conductivity of the gel, it unavoidably disrupts the gel network and negatively affects its mechanical properties. The preparation process and freezing resistance of the hydrogels also pose significant challenges for their practical applications. In this study, we have developed a novel self-catalytic system, PEDOT:LS-Fe3+, for the rapid fabrication of conductive hydrogels. These hydrogels are further transformed into eutectogels by immersing them in a deep eutectic solvent. Compared with conventional hydrogels, the eutectogels exhibit improved elongation, mechanical strength, and resistance to freezing. Specifically, the eutectogels containing 2 wt % PEDOT:LS as conductive fillers and catalysts demonstrate exceptional stretchability (∼460%), self-adhesion (∼14.6 kPa on paper), UV-blocking capability (∼99.9%), and ionic conductivity (∼1.2 mS cm-1) even at extremely low temperatures (-60 °C). Moreover, the eutectogels exhibit high stability and sensitivity in flexible sensing, successfully detecting various human motions. This study presents a novel approach for the rapid preparation of the hydrogels by utilizing lignin in the conductive PEDOT polymerization process and forming a self-catalytic system with metal ions. These advancements make the eutectogels a promising candidate material for flexible wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shixiong Zhai
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Kaili Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zaisheng Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chunying Xian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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