1
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Mawaddah FAN, Bisri SZ. Advancing Silver Bismuth Sulfide Quantum Dots for Practical Solar Cell Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1328. [PMID: 39195366 DOI: 10.3390/nano14161328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) show unique properties that distinguish them from their bulk form, the so-called quantum confinement effects. This feature manifests in tunable size-dependent band gaps and discrete energy levels, resulting in distinct optical and electronic properties. The investigation direction of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) materials has started switching from high-performing materials based on Pb and Cd, which raise concerns regarding their toxicity, to more environmentally friendly compounds, such as AgBiS2. After the first breakthrough in solar cell application in 2016, the development of AgBiS2 QDs has been relatively slow, and many of the fundamental physical and chemical properties of this material are still unknown. Investigating the growth of AgBiS2 QDs is essential to understanding the fundamental properties that can improve this material's performance. This review comprehensively summarizes the synthesis strategies, ligand choice, and solar cell fabrication of AgBiS2 QDs. The development of PbS QDs is also highlighted as the foundation for improving the quality and performance of AgBiS2 QD. Furthermore, we prospectively discuss the future direction of AgBiS2 QD and its use for solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidya Azahro Nur Mawaddah
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
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2
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Pinna J, Pili E, Mehrabi Koushki R, Gavhane DS, Carlà F, Kooi BJ, Portale G, Loi MA. PbI 2 Passivation of Three Dimensional PbS Quantum Dot Superlattices Toward Optoelectronic Metamaterials. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19124-19136. [PMID: 38954751 PMCID: PMC11271184 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Lead chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots are one of the most promising materials to revolutionize the field of short-wavelength infrared optoelectronics due to their bandgap tunability and strong absorption. By self-assembling these quantum dots into ordered superlattices, mobilities approaching those of the bulk counterparts can be achieved while still retaining their original optical properties. The recent literature focused mostly on PbSe-based superlattices, but PbS quantum dots have several advantages, including higher stability. In this work, we demonstrate highly ordered 3D superlattices of PbS quantum dots with tunable thickness up to 200 nm and high coherent ordering, both in-plane and along the thickness. We show that we can successfully exchange the ligands throughout the film without compromising the ordering. The superlattices as the active material of an ion gel-gated field-effect transistor achieve electron mobilities up to 220 cm2 V-1 s-1. To further improve the device performance, we performed a postdeposition passivation with PbI2, which noticeably reduced the subthreshold swing making it reach the Boltzmann limit. We believe this is an important proof of concept showing that it is possible to overcome the problem of high trap densities in quantum dot superlattices enabling their application in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pinna
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Pili
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Razieh Mehrabi Koushki
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Dnyaneshwar S. Gavhane
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Carlà
- Diamond
House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Bart J. Kooi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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3
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Irham MA, Septianto RD, Wulandari RD, Majima Y, Iskandar F, Iwasa Y, Bisri SZ. High Volumetric Energy Density Supercapacitor of Additive-Free Quantum Dot Hierarchical Nanopore Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38700233 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The high surface-area-to-volume ratio of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) positions them as promising materials for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. However, the challenge lies in achieving a highly accessible surface area, while maintaining good electrical conductivity. An efficient supercapacitor demands a dense yet highly porous structure that facilitates efficient ion-surface interactions and supports fast charge mobility. Here we demonstrate the successful development of additive-free ultrahigh energy density electric double-layer capacitors based on quantum dot hierarchical nanopore (QDHN) structures. Lead sulfide QDs are assembled into QDHN structures that strike a balance between electrical conductivity and efficient ion diffusion by employing meticulous control over inter-QD distances without any additives. Using ionic liquid as the electrolyte, the high-voltage ultrathin-film microsupercapacitors achieve a remarkable combination of volumetric energy density (95.6 mWh cm-3) and power density (13.5 W cm-3). This achievement is attributed to the intrinsic capability of QDHN structures to accumulate charge carriers efficiently. These findings introduce innovative concepts for leveraging colloidal nanomaterials in the advancement of high-performance energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Alief Irham
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ricky Dwi Septianto
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Retno Dwi Wulandari
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yutaka Majima
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ferry Iskandar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Research Collaboration Center for Advanced Energy Materials, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum Phase Electronic Center and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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4
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Wang H, Pinna J, Romero DG, Di Mario L, Koushki RM, Kot M, Portale G, Loi MA. PbS Quantum Dots Ink with Months-Long Shelf-Lifetime Enabling Scalable and Efficient Short-Wavelength Infrared Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311526. [PMID: 38327037 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The phase-transfer ligand exchange of PbS quantum dots (QDs) has substantially simplified device fabrication giving hope for future industrial exploitation. However, this technique when applied to QDs of large size (>4 nm) gives rise to inks with poor colloidal stability, thus hindering the development of QDs photodetectors in short-wavelength infrared range. Here, it is demonstrated that methylammonium lead iodide ligands can provide sufficient passivation of PbS QDs of size up to 6.7 nm, enabling inks with a minimum of ten-week shelf-life time, as proven by optical absorption and solution-small angle X-ray scattering. Furthermore, the maximum linear electron mobility of 4.7 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 is measured in field-effect transistors fabricated with fresh inks, while transistors fabricated with the same solution after ten-week storage retain 74% of the average starting electron mobility, demonstrating the outstanding quality both of the fresh and aged inks. Finally, photodetectors fabricated via blade-coating exhibit 76% external quantum efficiency at 1300 nm and 1.8 × 1012 Jones specific detectivity, values comparable with devices fabricated using ink with lower stability and wasteful methods such as spin-coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Pinna
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - David Garcia Romero
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Di Mario
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Razieh Mehrabi Koushki
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Mordechai Kot
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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5
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Sung Y, Kim HB, Kim JH, Noh Y, Yu J, Yang J, Kim TH, Oh J. Facile Ligand Exchange of Ionic Ligand-Capped Amphiphilic Ag 2S Nanocrystals for High Conductive Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3853-3861. [PMID: 38207283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A surface ligand modification of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) is one of the crucial issues for their practical applications because of the highly insulating nature of native long-chain ligands. Herein, we present straightforward methods for phase transfer and ligand exchange of amphiphilic Ag2S NCs and the fabrication of highly conductive films. S-terminated Ag2S (S-Ag2S) NCs are capped with ionic octylammonium (OctAH+) ligands to compensate for surface anionic charge, S2-, of the NC core. An injection of polar solvent, formamide (FA), into S-Ag2S NCs dispersed in toluene leads to an additional envelopment of the charged S-Ag2S NC core by FA due to electrostatic stabilization, which allows its amphiphilic nature and results in a rapid and effective phase transfer without any ligand addition. Because the solvation by FA involves a dissociation equilibrium of the ionic OctAH+ ligands, controlling a concentration of OctAH+ enables this phase transfer to show reversibility. This underlying chemistry allows S-Ag2S NCs in FA to exhibit a complete ligand exchange to Na+ ligands. The S-Ag2S NCs with Na+ ligands show a close interparticle distance and compatibility for uniformly deposited thin films by a simple spin-coating method. In photoelectrochemical measurements with stacked Ag2S NCs on ITO electrodes, a 3-fold enhanced current response was observed for the ligand passivation of Na+ compared to OctAH+, indicating a significantly enhanced charge transport in the Ag2S NC film by a drastically reduced interparticle distance due to the Na+ ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmo Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, South Korea
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Beom Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, South Korea
| | - Ji Heon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, South Korea
| | - Yoona Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, South Korea
| | - Jaesang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, South Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, South Korea
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6
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Shibata K, Yoshida M, Hirakawa K, Otsuka T, Bisri SZ, Iwasa Y. Single PbS colloidal quantum dot transistors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7486. [PMID: 37980351 PMCID: PMC10657373 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots are sub-10 nm semiconductors treated with liquid processes, rendering them attractive candidates for single-electron transistors operating at high temperatures. However, there have been few reports on single-electron transistors using colloidal quantum dots due to the difficulty in fabrication. In this work, we fabricated single-electron transistors using single oleic acid-capped PbS quantum dot coupled to nanogap metal electrodes and measured single-electron tunneling. We observed dot size-dependent carrier transport, orbital-dependent electron charging energy and conductance, electric field modulation of the electron confinement potential, and the Kondo effect, which provide nanoscopic insights into carrier transport through single colloidal quantum dots. Moreover, the large charging energy in small quantum dots enables single-electron transistor operation even at room temperature. These findings, as well as the commercial availability and high stability, make PbS quantum dots promising for the development of quantum information and optoelectronic devices, particularly room-temperature single-electron transistors with excellent optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Shibata
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama, Kasumi-cho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, 982-8577, Japan.
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama, Kasumi-cho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hirakawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Otsuka
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Quantum Functional System Research Group, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri
- Emergent Device Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- Emergent Device Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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7
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Muhammad, Choi D, Parmar DH, Rehl B, Zhang Y, Atan O, Kim G, Xia P, Pina JM, Li M, Liu Y, Voznyy O, Hoogland S, Sargent EH. Halide-Driven Synthetic Control of InSb Colloidal Quantum Dots Enables Short-Wave Infrared Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306147. [PMID: 37734861 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In the III-V family of colloidal quantum dot (CQD) semiconductors, InSb promises access to a wider range of infrared wavelengths compared to many light-sensing material candidates. However, achieving the necessary size, size-dispersity, and optical properties has been challenging. Here the synthetic challenges associated with InSb CQDs are investigated and it is found that uncontrolled reduction of the antimony precursor hampers the controlled growth of CQDs. To overcome this, a synthetic strategy that combines nonpyrophoric precursors with zinc halide additives is developed. The experimental and computational studies show that zinc halide additives decelerate the reduction of the antimony precursor, facilitating the growth of more uniformly sized CQDs. It is also found that the halide choice provides additional control over the strength of this effect. The resultant CQDs exhibit well-defined excitonic transitions in spectral range of 1.26-0.98 eV, along with strong photoluminescence. By implementing a postsynthesis ligand exchange, colloidally stable inks enabling the fabrication of high-quality CQD films are achieved. The first demonstration of InSb CQD photodetectors is presented reaching 75% external quantum efficiency (QE) at 1200 nm, to the knowledge the highest short-wave infrared (SWIR) QE reported among heavy-metal-free infrared CQD-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Dongsun Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Darshan H Parmar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Rehl
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yangning Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ozan Atan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Gahyeon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Pan Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Joao M Pina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Mengsha Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Yanjiang Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
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8
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Dalui A, Ariga K, Acharya S. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals: from bottom-up nanoarchitectonics to energy harvesting applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10835-10865. [PMID: 37608724 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been extensively investigated owing to their unique properties induced by the quantum confinement effect. The advent of colloidal synthesis routes led to the design of stable colloidal NCs with uniform size, shape, and composition. Metal oxides, phosphides, and chalcogenides (ZnE, CdE, PbE, where E = S, Se, or Te) are few of the most important monocomponent semiconductor NCs, which show excellent optoelectronic properties. The ability to build quantum confined heterostructures comprising two or more semiconductor NCs offer greater customization and tunability of properties compared to their monocomponent counterparts. More recently, the halide perovskite NCs showed exceptional optoelectronic properties for energy generation and harvesting applications. Numerous applications including photovoltaic, photodetectors, light emitting devices, catalysis, photochemical devices, and solar driven fuel cells have demonstrated using these NCs in the recent past. Overall, semiconductor NCs prepared via the colloidal synthesis route offer immense potential to become an alternative to the presently available device applications. This feature article will explore the progress of NCs syntheses with outstanding potential to control the shape and spatial dimensionality required for photovoltaic, light emitting diode, and photocatalytic applications. We also attempt to address the challenges associated with achieving high efficiency devices with the NCs and possible solutions including interface engineering, packing control, encapsulation chemistry, and device architecture engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dalui
- Department of Chemistry, Jogamaya Devi College, Kolkata-700026, India
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India.
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9
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Nugraha MI, Indriyati I, Primadona I, Gedda M, Timuda GE, Iskandar F, Anthopoulos TD. Recent Progress in Colloidal Quantum Dot Thermoelectrics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210683. [PMID: 36857683 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) represent an emerging class of thermoelectric materials for use in a wide range of future applications. CQDs combine solution processability at low temperatures with the potential for upscalable manufacturing via printing techniques. Moreover, due to their low dimensionality, CQDs exhibit quantum confinement and a high density of grain boundaries, which can be independently exploited to tune the Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity, respectively. This unique combination of attractive attributes makes CQDs very promising for application in emerging thermoelectric generator (TEG) technologies operating near room temperature. Herein, recent progress in CQDs for application in emerging thin-film thermoelectrics is reviewed. First, the fundamental concepts of thermoelectricity in nanostructured materials are outlined, followed by an overview of the popular synthetic methods used to produce CQDs with controllable sizes and shapes. Recent strides in CQD-based thermoelectrics are then discussed with emphasis on their application in thin-film TEGs. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives for further enhancing the performance of CQD-based thermoelectric materials for future applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Insan Nugraha
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Indriyati Indriyati
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Indah Primadona
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency - Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Murali Gedda
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerald Ensang Timuda
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Iskandar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency - Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Marino E, Rosen DJ, Yang S, Tsai EHR, Murray CB. Temperature-Controlled Reversible Formation and Phase Transformation of 3D Nanocrystal Superlattices Through In Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4250-4257. [PMID: 37184728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the spontaneous organization of nanocrystals into superlattices has captivated the scientific community. However, achieving direct control over the formation of the superlattice and its phase transformations has proven to be a grand challenge, often resulting in the generation of multiple symmetries under the same experimental conditions. Here, we achieve direct control over the formation of the superlattice and its phase transformations by modulating the thermal energy of a nanocrystal dispersion without relying on solvent evaporation. We follow the temperature-dependent dynamics of the self-assembly process using synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering. When cooled below -24.5 °C, lead sulfide nanocrystals form micrometer-sized three-dimensional phase-pure body-centered cubic superlattices. When cooled below -35.1 °C, these superlattices undergo a collective diffusionless phase transformation that yields denser body-centered tetragonal phases. These structural changes can be reversed by increasing the temperature of the dispersion and may lead to the direct modulation of the optical properties of these artificial solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennslvania 19104 United States
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniel J Rosen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - Shengsong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennslvania 19104 United States
| | - Esther H R Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 735, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennslvania 19104 United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
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11
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Hou B, Mocanu FC, Cho Y, Lim J, Feng J, Zhang J, Hong J, Pak S, Park JB, Lee YW, Lee J, Kim BS, Morris SM, Sohn JI, Cha S, Kim JM. Evolution of Local Structural Motifs in Colloidal Quantum Dot Semiconductor Nanocrystals Leading to Nanofaceting. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2277-2286. [PMID: 36913627 PMCID: PMC10037336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) have shown remarkable promise for optoelectronics, energy harvesting, photonics, and biomedical imaging. In addition to optimizing quantum confinement, the current challenge is to obtain a better understanding of the critical processing steps and their influence on the evolution of structural motifs. Computational simulations and electron microscopy presented in this work show that nanofaceting can occur during nanocrystal synthesis from a Pb-poor environment in a polar solvent. This could explain the curved interfaces and the olivelike-shaped NCs observed experimentally when these conditions are employed. Furthermore, the wettability of the PbS NCs solid film can be further modified via stoichiometry control, which impacts the interface band bending and, therefore, processes such as multiple junction deposition and interparticle epitaxial growth. Our results suggest that nanofaceting in NCs can become an inherent advantage when used to modulate band structures beyond what is traditionally possible in bulk crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hou
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen’s Building, The Parade, Cardiff, Wales CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Cosmin Mocanu
- Laboratoire
de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS,
Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université
de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yuljae Cho
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United
Kingdom
- University
of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Minghang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jongchul Lim
- Graduate
school of energy science and technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiangtao Feng
- Department
of Environmental Science & Engineering, School of Energy and Power
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- Microsoft
Corporation, Redmond, Washington 98073, United States
| | - John Hong
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United
Kingdom
- School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin
University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyeon Pak
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United
Kingdom
- School
of
Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik
University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Young-Woo Lee
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Juwon Lee
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Byung-Sung Kim
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Morris
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Jung Inn Sohn
- Division
of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk
University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungNam Cha
- Department
of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department
of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, 9 JJ
Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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12
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Pinna J, Mehrabi Koushki R, Gavhane DS, Ahmadi M, Mutalik S, Zohaib M, Protesescu L, Kooi BJ, Portale G, Loi MA. Approaching Bulk Mobility in PbSe Colloidal Quantum Dots 3D Superlattices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207364. [PMID: 36308048 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
3D superlattices made of colloidal quantum dots are a promising candidate for the next generation of optoelectronic devices as they are expected to exhibit a unique combination of tunable optical properties and coherent electrical transport through minibands. While most of the previous work was performed on 2D arrays, the control over the formation of these systems is lacking, where limited long-range order and energetical disorder have so far hindered the potential of these metamaterials, giving rise to disappointing transport properties. Here, it is reported that nanoscale-level controlled ordering of colloidal quantum dots in 3D and over large areas allows the achievement of outstanding transport properties. The measured electron mobilities are the highest ever reported for a self-assembled solid of fully quantum-confined objects. This ultimately demonstrates that optoelectronic metamaterials with highly tunable optical properties (in this case in the short-wavelength infrared spectral range) and charge mobilities approaching that of bulk semiconductor can be obtained. This finding paves the way toward a new generation of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pinna
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Razieh Mehrabi Koushki
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Dnyaneshwar S Gavhane
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Suhas Mutalik
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Zohaib
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Loredana Protesescu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J Kooi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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13
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Aryal S, Frimpong J, Liu ZF. Comparative Study of Covalent and van der Waals CdS Quantum Dot Assemblies from Many-Body Perturbation Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10153-10161. [PMID: 36278936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot (QD) assemblies are nanostructured networks made from aggregates of QDs and feature improved charge and energy transfer efficiencies compared to discrete QDs. Using first-principles many-body perturbation theory, we systematically compare the electronic and optical properties of two types of CdS QD assemblies that have been experimentally investigated: (i) QD gels, where individual QDs are covalently connected via di- or polysulfide bonds, and (ii) QD nanocrystals, where individual QDs are bound via van der Waals interactions. Our work illustrates how the electronic and optical properties evolve when discrete QDs are assembled into 1D, 2D, and 3D gels and nanocrystals, as well as how the one-body and many-body interactions in these systems impact the trends as the dimensionality of the assembly increases. Furthermore, our work reveals the crucial role of the di- or polysulfide covalent bonds in the localization of the excitons, which highlights the difference between QD gels and QD nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Joseph Frimpong
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zhen-Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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14
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Fiedler C, Kleinhanns T, Garcia M, Lee S, Calcabrini M, Ibáñez M. Solution-Processed Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials: Opportunities and Challenges. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:8471-8489. [PMID: 36248227 PMCID: PMC9558429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric technology requires synthesizing complex materials where not only the crystal structure but also other structural features such as defects, grain size and orientation, and interfaces must be controlled. To date, conventional solid-state techniques are unable to provide this level of control. Herein, we present a synthetic approach in which dense inorganic thermoelectric materials are produced by the consolidation of well-defined nanoparticle powders. The idea is that controlling the characteristics of the powder allows the chemical transformations that take place during consolidation to be guided, ultimately yielding inorganic solids with targeted features. Different from conventional methods, syntheses in solution can produce particles with unprecedented control over their size, shape, crystal structure, composition, and surface chemistry. However, to date, most works have focused only on the low-cost benefits of this strategy. In this perspective, we first cover the opportunities that solution processing of the powder offers, emphasizing the potential structural features that can be controlled by precisely engineering the inorganic core of the particle, the surface, and the organization of the particles before consolidation. We then discuss the challenges of this synthetic approach and more practical matters related to solution processing. Finally, we suggest some good practices for adequate knowledge transfer and improving reproducibility among different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fiedler
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Kleinhanns
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Maria Garcia
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Seungho Lee
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mariano Calcabrini
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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15
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Monahan M, Homer M, Zhang S, Zheng R, Chen CL, De Yoreo J, Cossairt BM. Impact of Nanoparticle Size and Surface Chemistry on Peptoid Self-Assembly. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8095-8106. [PMID: 35486471 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled organic nanomaterials can be generated by bottom-up assembly pathways where the structure is controlled by the organic sequence and altered using pH, temperature, and solvation. In contrast, self-assembled structures based on inorganic nanoparticles typically rely on physical packing and drying effects to achieve uniform superlattices. By combining these two chemistries to access inorganic-organic nanostructures, we aim to understand the key factors that govern the assembly pathway and structural outcomes in hybrid systems. In this work, we outline two assembly regimes between quantum dots (QDs) and reversibly binding peptoids. These regimes can be accessed by changing the solubility and size of the hybrid (peptoid-QD) monomer unit. The hybrid monomers are prepared via ligand exchange and assembled, and the resulting assemblies are studied using ex-situ transmission electron microscopy as a function of assembly time. In aqueous conditions, QDs were found to stabilize certain morphologies of peptoid intermediates and generate a final product consisting of multilayers of small peptoid sheets linked by QDs. The QDs were also seen to facilitate or inhibit assembly in organic solvents based on the relative hydrophobicity of the surface ligands, which ultimately dictated the solubility of the hybrid monomer unit. Increasing the size of the QDs led to large hybrid sheets with regions of highly ordered square-packed QDs. A second, smaller QD species can also be integrated to create binary hybrid lattices. These results create a set of design principles for controlling the structure and structural evolution of hybrid peptoid-QD assemblies and contribute to the predictive synthesis of complex hybrid matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Monahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Micaela Homer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Renyu Zheng
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - James De Yoreo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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16
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Coropceanu I, Janke EM, Portner J, Haubold D, Nguyen TD, Das A, Tanner CPN, Utterback JK, Teitelbaum SW, Hudson MH, Sarma NA, Hinkle AM, Tassone CJ, Eychmüller A, Limmer DT, Olvera de la Cruz M, Ginsberg NS, Talapin DV. Self-assembly of nanocrystals into strongly electronically coupled all-inorganic supercrystals. Science 2022; 375:1422-1426. [PMID: 35324292 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm6753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals of metals, semiconductors, and other functional materials can self-assemble into long-range ordered crystalline and quasicrystalline phases, but insulating organic surface ligands prevent the development of collective electronic states in ordered nanocrystal assemblies. We reversibly self-assembled colloidal nanocrystals of gold, platinum, nickel, lead sulfide, and lead selenide with conductive inorganic ligands into supercrystals exhibiting optical and electronic properties consistent with strong electronic coupling between the constituent nanocrystals. The phase behavior of charge-stabilized nanocrystals can be rationalized and navigated with phase diagrams computed for particles interacting through short-range attractive potentials. By finely tuning interparticle interactions, the assembly was directed either through one-step nucleation or nonclassical two-step nucleation pathways. In the latter case, the nucleation was preceded by the formation of two metastable colloidal fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eric M Janke
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joshua Portner
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Danny Haubold
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Trung Dac Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Avishek Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - James K Utterback
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Samuel W Teitelbaum
- Department of Physics and Beus CXFEL Labs, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Margaret H Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nivedina A Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alex M Hinkle
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christopher J Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Naomi S Ginsberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60517, USA
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17
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Qian C, Abelson A, Miller-Casas A, Capp R, Vinogradov I, Udagawa NS, Ge NH, Law M. Photobase-Triggered Formation of 3D Epitaxially Fused Quantum Dot Superlattices with High Uniformity and Low Bulk Defect Densities. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3239-3250. [PMID: 35080859 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly ordered epitaxially fused colloidal quantum dot (QD) superlattices (epi-SLs) promise to combine the size-tunable photophysics of QDs with the efficient charge transport of bulk semiconductors. However, current epi-SL fabrication methods are crude and result in structurally and chemically inhomogeneous samples with high concentrations of extended defects that localize carriers and prevent the emergence of electronic mini-bands. Needed fabrication improvements are hampered by inadequate understanding of the ligand chemistry that causes epi-SL conversion from the unfused parent SL. Here we show that epi-SL formation by the conventional method of amine injection into an ethylene glycol subphase under a floating QD film occurs by deprotonation of glycol by the amine and subsequent exchange of oleate by glycoxide on the QD surface. By replacing the amine with hydroxide ion, we demonstrate that any Brønsted-Lowry base that creates a sufficient dose of glycoxide can produce the epi-SL. We then introduce an epi-SL fabrication method that replaces point injection of a base with contactless and uniform illumination of a dissolved photobase. Quantitative mapping of multilayer (3D) films shows that our photobase-made epi-SLs are chemically and structurally uniform and have much lower concentrations of bulk defects compared to the highly inhomogeneous and defect-rich epi-SLs produced by amine point injection. The structural-chemical uniformity and structural perfection of photobase-made epi-SLs make them leading candidates for achieving emergent mini-band charge transport in a self-assembled mesoscale solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Qian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alex Abelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Anneka Miller-Casas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Robert Capp
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ilya Vinogradov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Nina S Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Nien-Hui Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Matt Law
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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18
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Wang W, Zhang M, Pan Z, Biesold GM, Liang S, Rao H, Lin Z, Zhong X. Colloidal Inorganic Ligand-Capped Nanocrystals: Fundamentals, Status, and Insights into Advanced Functional Nanodevices. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4091-4162. [PMID: 34968050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) are intriguing building blocks for assembling various functional thin films and devices. The electronic, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric applications of solution-processed, inorganic ligand (IL)-capped colloidal NCs are especially promising as the performance of related devices can substantially outperform their organic ligand-capped counterparts. This in turn highlights the significance of preparing IL-capped NC dispersions. The replacement of initial bulky and insulating ligands capped on NCs with short and conductive inorganic ones is a critical step in solution-phase ligand exchange for preparing IL-capped NCs. Solution-phase ligand exchange is extremely appealing due to the highly concentrated NC inks with completed ligand exchange and homogeneous ligand coverage on the NC surface. In this review, the state-of-the-art of IL-capped NCs derived from solution-phase inorganic ligand exchange (SPILE) reactions are comprehensively reviewed. First, a general overview of the development and recent advancements of the synthesis of IL-capped colloidal NCs, mechanisms of SPILE, elementary reaction principles, surface chemistry, and advanced characterizations is provided. Second, a series of important factors in the SPILE process are offered, followed by an illustration of how properties of NC dispersions evolve after ILE. Third, surface modifications of perovskite NCs with use of inorganic reagents are overviewed. They are necessary because perovskite NCs cannot withstand polar solvents or undergo SPILE due to their soft ionic nature. Fourth, an overview of the research progresses in utilizing IL-capped NCs for a wide range of applications is presented, including NC synthesis, NC solid and film fabrication techniques, field effect transistors, photodetectors, photovoltaic devices, thermoelectric, and photoelectrocatalytic materials. Finally, the review concludes by outlining the remaining challenges in this field and proposing promising directions to further promote the development of IL-capped NCs in practical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zhenxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gill M Biesold
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Huashang Rao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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19
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Colbert AE, Placencia D, Ratcliff EL, Boercker JE, Lee P, Aifer EH, Tischler JG. Enhanced Infrared Photodiodes Based on PbS/PbCl x Core/Shell Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58916-58926. [PMID: 34870961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improved passivation strategies to address the more complex surface structure of large-diameter nanocrystals are critical to the advancement of infrared photodetectors based on colloidal PbS. In this contribution, the performance of short-wave infrared (SWIR) photodiodes fabricated with PbS/PbClx (core/shell) nanocrystals vs their PbS-only (core) counterparts are directly compared. Devices using PbS cores suffer from shunting and inefficient charge extraction, while core/shell-based devices exhibit greater external quantum efficiencies and lower dark current densities. To elucidate the implications of the shell chemistry on device performance, thickness-dependent energy level offsets and interfacial chemistry of nanocrystal films with the zinc oxide electron-transport layer are evaluated. The disparate device performance between the two synthetic methods is attributed to unfavorable interface dipole formation and surface defect states, associated with inadequate removal of native organic ligands in core-only films. The core/shell system offers a promising route to manage the additional nonpolar (100) surface facets of larger nanocrystals that conventional halide ligand treatments fail to sufficiently passivate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Colbert
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Diogenes Placencia
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Erin L Ratcliff
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 East James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Arizona, 1235 East James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Janice E Boercker
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Paul Lee
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Edward H Aifer
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Joseph G Tischler
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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20
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Lee DW, Woo HY, Lee DHD, Jung MC, Lee D, Lee M, Kim JB, Chae JY, Han MJ, Paik T. N,N-Dimethylformamide-Assisted Shape Evolution of Highly Uniform and Shape-Pure Colloidal Copper Nanocrystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103302. [PMID: 34468086 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-assisted shape evolution of highly uniform and shape-pure copper nanocrystals (Cu NCs) is presented for the first time. Colloidal Cu NCs are synthesized via the disproportionation reaction of copper (I) bromide in the presence of a non-polar solvent mixture. It is observed that the shape of Cu NCs is systematically controlled by the addition of different amounts of DMF to the reaction mixture in high-temperature reaction conditions while maintaining a high size uniformity and shape purity. With increasing amount of DMF in the reaction mixture, the morphology of the Cu NCs change from a cube enclosed by six {100} facets, to a sphere with mixed surface facets, and finally, to an octahedron enclosed by eight {111} facets. The origin of this shape evolution is understood via first-principles density functional theory calculations, which allows the study of the change in the relative surface stability according to surface-coordinating adsorbates. Further, the shape-dependent plasmonic properties are systematically investigated with highly uniform and ligand-exchanged colloidal Cu NCs dispersed in acetonitrile. Finally, the facet-dependent electrocatalytic activities of the shape-controlled Cu NCs are investigated to reveal the activities of the highly uniform and shape-pure Cu NCs in the methanol oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Won Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Woo
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun David Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Chul Jung
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Donguk Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - MinJi Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bae Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chae
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joon Han
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejong Paik
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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21
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Yang J, Kim M, Lee S, Yoon JW, Shome S, Bertens K, Song H, Lim SG, Oh JT, Bae SY, Lee BR, Yi W, Sargent EH, Choi H. Solvent Engineering of Colloidal Quantum Dot Inks for Scalable Fabrication of Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36992-37003. [PMID: 34333973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Development of colloidal quantum dot (CQD) inks enables single-step spin-coating of compact CQD films of appropriate thickness, enabling the promising performance of CQD photovoltaics (CQDPVs). Today's highest-performing CQD inks rely on volatile n-butylamine (BTA), but it is incompatible with scalable deposition methods since a rapid solvent evaporation results in irregular film thickness with an uneven surface. Here, we present a hybrid solvent system, consisting of BTA and N,N-dimethylformamide, which has a favorable acidity for colloidal stability as well as an appropriate vapor pressure, enabling a stable CQD ink that can be used to fabricate homogeneous, large-area CQD films via spray-coating. CQDPVs fabricated with the CQD ink exhibit suppressed charge recombination as well as fast charge extraction compared with conventional CQD ink-based PVs, achieving an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.22% in spin-coated devices and the highest ever reported PCE of 8.84% among spray-coated CQDPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghee Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jung Won Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanchari Shome
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Koen Bertens
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Hochan Song
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Taek Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Whikun Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Hyosung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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22
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Cho Y, Lim J, Li M, Pak S, Wang ZK, Yang YG, Abate A, Li Z, Snaith HJ, Hou B, Cha S. Balanced Charge Carrier Transport Mediated by Quantum Dot Film Post-organization for Light-Emitting Diode Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26170-26179. [PMID: 34039003 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In light-emitting diodes (LEDs), balanced electron and hole transport is of particular importance to achieve high rates of radiative recombination. Most quantum dot (QD)-based LEDs, however, employ infinitesimal core-shell QDs which inherently have different electron and hole mobilities. As QDs are the core building blocks of QD-LEDs, the inherent mobility difference in the core-shell QDs causes significantly unbalanced charge carrier transport, resulting in detrimental effects on performances of QD-LEDs. Herein, we introduce a post-chemical treatment to reconstruct the QD films through the solvent-mediated self-organization process. The treatment using various poly-alkyl alcohol groups enables QD ensembles to transform from disordered solid dispersion into an ordered superlattice and effectively modulate electron and hole mobilities, which leads to the balanced charge carrier transport. In particular, ethanol-treated QD films exhibit enhanced charge carrier lifetime and reduced hysteresis due to the balanced charge carrier transport, which is attributed to the preferential-facet-oriented QD post-organization. As a result, 63, 78, and 54% enhancements in the external quantum efficiency were observed in red, green, and blue QD-LEDs, respectively. These results are of fundamental importance to understand both solvent-mediated QD film reconstruction and the effect of balanced electron and hole transport in QD-LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuljae Cho
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Minghang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jongchul Lim
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Meng Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sangyeon Pak
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Guo Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Bo Hou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Newport Road, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K
| | - SeungNam Cha
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
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23
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Nugraha MI, Sun B, Kim H, El-Labban A, Desai S, Chaturvedi N, Hou Y, Garcia de Arquer FP, Alshareef HN, Sargent EH, Baran D. Dopant-Assisted Matrix Stabilization Enables Thermoelectric Performance Enhancement in n-Type Quantum Dot Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18999-19007. [PMID: 33856780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient thermoelectric generators require further progress in developing n-type semiconductors that combine low thermal conductivity with high electrical conductivity. By embedding colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) in a metal halide matrix (QDMH), the metal halide matrix can enhance phonon scattering, thus suppressing thermal transport; however, simultaneously achieving high electrical conductivity in such systems has previously been limited by the deleterious impact of a large density of interfaces on charge transport. Therefore, new strategies are needed to improve charge carrier transport without sacrificing matrix-enabled low thermal transport. Here, we report the use of chemical doping in the solution state to improve electron transport while maintaining low thermal transport in QDMH films. By incorporating cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) salts as a dopant prior to matrix formation, we find that the dopant stabilizes the matrix in colloidal inks and enables efficient n-type doping in QDMH films. As a result, this strategy leads to an enhanced n-type thermoelectric behavior in solution-processed QDMH films near room temperature, with a thermal conductivity of 0.25 W m-1 K-1-significantly lower than in prior films based on organic-ligand-cross-linked CQD films (>0.6 W m-1 K-1) and spark-plasma-sintered CQD systems (>1 W m-1 K-1). This study provides a pathway to developing efficient n-type thermoelectric materials with low thermal conductivity using single-step deposition and low-temperature processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Insan Nugraha
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman El-Labban
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheena Desai
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neha Chaturvedi
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - F Pelayo Garcia de Arquer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Derya Baran
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Kim H, Nugraha MI, Guan X, Wang Z, Hota MK, Xu X, Wu T, Baran D, Anthopoulos TD, Alshareef HN. All-Solution-Processed Quantum Dot Electrical Double-Layer Transistors Enhanced by Surface Charges of Ti 3C 2T x MXene Contacts. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5221-5229. [PMID: 33635642 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fully solution-processed, large-area, electrical double-layer transistors (EDLTs) are presented by employing lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) as active channels and Ti3C2Tx MXene as electrical contacts (including gate, source, and drain). The MXene contacts are successfully patterned by standard photolithography and plasma-etch techniques and integrated with CQD films. The large surface area of CQD film channels is effectively gated by ionic gel, resulting in high performance EDLT devices. A large electron saturation mobility of 3.32 cm2 V-1 s-1 and current modulation of 1.87 × 104 operating at low driving gate voltage range of 1.25 V with negligible hysteresis are achieved. The relatively low work function of Ti3C2Tx MXene (4.42 eV) compared to vacuum-evaporated noble metals such as Au and Pt makes them a suitable contact material for n-type transport in iodide-capped PbS CQD films with a LUMO level of ∼4.14 eV. Moreover, we demonstrate that the negative surface charges of MXene enhance the accumulation of cations at lower gate bias, achieving a threshold voltage as low as 0.36 V. The current results suggest a promising potential of MXene electrical contacts by exploiting their negative surface charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad I Nugraha
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mrinal K Hota
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangming Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Derya Baran
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Kim M, Park GH, Seo S, Bui VQ, Cho Y, Hong Y, Kawazoe Y, Lee H. Uncovering the Role of Countercations in Ligand Exchange of WSe 2: Tuning the d-Band Center toward Improved Hydrogen Desorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11403-11413. [PMID: 33636973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of countercations that do not bind to core nanocrystals (NCs) but rather ensure charge balance on ligand-exchanged NC surfaces has been rarely studied and even neglected. Such a scenario is unfortunate, as an understanding of surface chemistry has emerged as a key factor in overcoming colloidal NC limitations as catalysts. In this work, we report on the unprecedented role of countercations in ligand exchange for a colloidal transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), WSe2, to tune the d-band center toward the Fermi level for enhanced hydrogen desorption. Conventional long-chain organic ligands, oleylamine, of WSe2 NCs are exchanged with short atomic S2- ligands having countercations to preserve the charge balance (WSe2/S2-/M+, M = Li, Na, K). Upon exchange with S2- ligands, the charge-balancing countercations are intercalated between WSe2 layers, thereby serving a unique function as an electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst. The HER activity of ligand-exchanged colloidal WSe2 NCs shows a decrease in overpotential by down-shift of d-band center to induce more electron-filling in antibonding orbital and an increase in the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). Exchanging surface functionalities with S2- anionic ligands enhances HER kinetics, while the existence of intercalated countercations improves charge transfer with the electrolyte. The obtained results suggest that both anionic ligands and countercationic species in ligand exchange must be considered to enhance the overall catalytic activity of colloidal TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeree Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - G Hwan Park
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Viet Quoc Bui
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Cho
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Hong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawazoe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hyoyoung Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biopysics, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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26
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Sukharevska N, Bederak D, Goossens VM, Momand J, Duim H, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Kooi BJ, Loi MA. Scalable PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cell Production by Blade Coating from Stable Inks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5195-5207. [PMID: 33470785 PMCID: PMC7863069 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of phase transfer ligand exchange methods for PbS quantum dots (QD) has enhanced the performance of quantum dots solar cells and greatly simplified the complexity of film deposition. However, the dispersions of PbS QDs (inks) used for film fabrication often suffer from colloidal instability, which hinders large-scale solar cell production. In addition, the wasteful spin-coating method is still the main technique for the deposition of QD layer in solar cells. Here, we report a strategy for scalable solar cell fabrication from highly stable PbS QD inks. By dispersing PbS QDs capped with CH3NH3PbI3 in 2,6-difluoropyridine (DFP), we obtained inks that are colloidally stable for more than 3 months. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DFP yields stable dispersions even of large diameter PbS QDs, which are of great practical relevance owing to the extended coverage of the near-infrared region. The optimization of blade-coating deposition of DFP-based inks enabled the fabrication of PbS QD solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of up to 8.7%. It is important to underline that this performance is commensurate with the devices made by spin coating of inks with the same ligands. A good shelf life-time of these inks manifests itself in the comparatively high photovoltaic efficiency of 5.8% obtained with inks stored for more than 120 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Sukharevska
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Dmytro Bederak
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M. Goossens
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jamo Momand
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Duim
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir Prelog
Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- EMPA-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Uberlandstr. 129, Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir Prelog
Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- EMPA-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Uberlandstr. 129, Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Bart J. Kooi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Maria A. Loi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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27
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Aynehband S, Mohammadi M, Poushimin R, Nunzi JM, Simchi A. Efficient FAPbI 3–PbS quantum dot graphene-based phototransistors. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03139b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PbS quantum dots capped with formamidinium ligands were deposited as graphene-based photodetectors. Solid phase exchange improves the infrared photo-detectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Aynehband
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Maryam Mohammadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Poushimin
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Nunzi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
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28
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Meng L, Xu Q, Thakur UK, Gong L, Zeng H, Shankar K, Wang X. Unusual Surface Ligand Doping-Induced p-Type Quantum Dot Solids and Their Application in Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53942-53949. [PMID: 33211957 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Doping quantum dots (QDs) is a problem that has been haunting researchers in the QD research community for years, even though doping techniques have been utilized for decades in conventional semiconductors. For the "self-purification" in colloidal QDs, engineering the surface ligands has emerged as an effective way to alter free carrier concentrations and doping types in colloidal QD solids. Halide-atomic ligands are the most popular ligands in producing PbS QD solids since they provide minimal dot-to-dot distance while maintain low in-gap trap states. However, previously reported halide surface treatment could only produce n-type QD solids. Here, we report the fabrication of p-type PbS QD solids using proton-assisted surface ligand exchange. We unveiled the origin of p-type doing in PbS QD solids, and it came from an unusual surface ligand; the HOH+ group formed using NH4X (X = Cl, Br, I) in methanol. We further fabricated QD solar cells using PbS-NH4Cl, a p-type QD solid predicted and proved by our theory and experiments. The champion device shows a high power conversion efficiency of 7.49%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingju Meng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Qiwei Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Ujwal K Thakur
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Lu Gong
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Xihua Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
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29
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Saxena V, Portale G. Contribution of Ex-Situ and In-Situ X-ray Grazing Incidence Scattering Techniques to the Understanding of Quantum Dot Self-Assembly: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2240. [PMID: 33198138 PMCID: PMC7696246 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots are under intense research, given their amazing properties which favor their use in electronics, optoelectronics, energy, medicine and other important applications. For many of these technological applications, quantum dots are used in their ordered self-assembled form, called superlattice. Understanding the mechanism of formation of the superlattices is crucial to designing quantum dots devices with desired properties. Here we review some of the most important findings about the formation of such superlattices that have been derived using grazing incidence scattering techniques (grazing incidence small and wide angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS)). Acquisition of these structural information is essential to developing some of the most important underlying theories in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishesh Saxena
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen AG 9747, The Netherlands;
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Material, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen AG 9747, The Netherlands
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30
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Mahajan C, Sharma A, Rath AK. Solution-Phase Hybrid Passivation for Efficient Infrared-Band Gap Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49840-49848. [PMID: 33081466 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The broad tunability of the energy band gap through size control makes colloidal quantum dots (QDs) promising for the development of photovoltaic devices. Large-size lead sulfide (PbS) QDs, exhibiting a narrow energy band gap, are particularly interesting as they can be used to augment perovskite and c-Si solar cells due to their complementary NIR absorption. However, their complex surface chemistry makes them difficult to process for the development of solar cells. The shape of the QDs transformed from octahedron to cuboctahedron as their size increases, a phenomenon guided by surface energy minimization. As a result, the surface properties change drastically for large-size QDs, which exhibit nonpolar (200) facets and polar (111) facets, as opposed to only (111) facets in small-size QDs. Recent advancements in solution-phase surface passivation strategies, used for the development of high-performance solar cells using the small size and wide band gap QDs, failed to translate a similar enhancement in the case of large-size and narrow band gap QDs. Here, we report a hybrid passivation strategy for large-size and narrow band gap QDs to passivate both (111) and (200) facets, respectively, using inorganic lead triiodide (PbI3-) and organic 3-chloro-1-propanethiol (CPT). By employing charge balance calculation, we identified the desired narrow band gap for QDs to complement the perovskite and c-Si absorption. The distinct choice of the organic ligand CPT enhances the colloidal stability of QDs in the solution phase and improves surface passivation to stop QD fusion in solid films. Photophysical properties show narrower excitonic and emission peaks and a reduction in the Stokes shift. Hybrid passivation leads to a 94% increase in the power conversion efficiency of solar cells and a 74% increase in the external quantum efficiency at the excitonic peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Mahajan
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arup K Rath
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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31
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Tom AE, Thomas A, Ison VV. Novel post-synthesis purification strategies and the ligand exchange processes in simplifying the fabrication of PbS quantum dot solar cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30707-30715. [PMID: 35516046 PMCID: PMC9056350 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) solids with iodide passivation are a key component for most of the well-performing PbS QDs solar cells. Usually, iodide passivation of oleic acid (OA) capped PbS QDs films is achieved by a solid-state ligand exchange process using tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI). This ligand exchange process has generally been reported to be incomplete, especially in higher thicknesses, affecting the properties of the films adversely, producing inconsistent results in the device structures fabricated. The present study is based on a systematic investigation of the TBAI exchange on PbS QDs films and the performance of the resulting solar cells. We could achieve a complete TBAI exchange in a sufficiently thick (∼240 nm) and dense QDs film deposited by a minimum number of coating steps, through the optimization of the number of post-synthesis washing cycles on the QDs. Detailed studies were carried out investigating the effect of the number of washing cycles on the quantity of OA before and after the exchange, the ligand exchange efficiency, the development of trap states and the resulting photovoltaic device performance. A power conversion efficiency of 5.55% was obtained for a device subjected to an optimum number of washing cycles. Quantum dots (QDs) solids with iodide passivation are a key component for most of the well-performing PbS QDs solar cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Elsa Tom
- Centre for Nano-Bio-Polymer Science and Technology, Research and PG Department of Physics, St. Thomas College Palai Kerala-686574 India +919446126926
| | - Ajith Thomas
- Centre for Nano-Bio-Polymer Science and Technology, Research and PG Department of Physics, St. Thomas College Palai Kerala-686574 India +919446126926.,Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University Coimbatore Tamil Nadu-641046 India
| | - V V Ison
- Centre for Nano-Bio-Polymer Science and Technology, Research and PG Department of Physics, St. Thomas College Palai Kerala-686574 India +919446126926
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32
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Nugraha MI, Yarali E, Firdaus Y, Lin Y, El-Labban A, Gedda M, Lidorikis E, Yengel E, Faber H, Anthopoulos TD. Rapid Photonic Processing of High-Electron-Mobility PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31591-31600. [PMID: 32564590 PMCID: PMC7467567 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in solution-processable semiconducting colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have enabled their use in a range of (opto)electronic devices. In most of these studies, device fabrication relied almost exclusively on thermal annealing to remove organic residues and enhance inter-CQD electronic coupling. Despite its widespread use, however, thermal annealing is a lengthy process, while its effectiveness to eliminate organic residues remains limited. Here, we exploit the use of xenon flash lamp sintering to post-treat solution-deposited layers of lead sulfide (PbS) CQDs and their application in n-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs). The process is simple, fast, and highly scalable and allows for efficient removal of organic residues while preserving both quantum confinement and high channel current modulation. Bottom-gate, top-contact PbS CQD TFTs incorporating SiO2 as the gate dielectric exhibit a maximum electron mobility of 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1, a value higher than that of control transistors (≈10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1) processed via thermal annealing for 30 min at 120 °C. Replacing SiO2 with a polymeric dielectric improves the transistor's channel interface, leading to a significant increase in electron mobility to 3.7 cm2 V-1 s-1. The present work highlights the potential of flash lamp annealing as a promising method for the rapid manufacture of PbS CQD-based (opto)electronic devices and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad I. Nugraha
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yarali
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman El-Labban
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murali Gedda
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elefterios Lidorikis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Emre Yengel
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik Faber
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Aynehband S, Mohammadi M, Thorwarth K, Hany R, Nüesch FA, Rossell MD, Pauer R, Nunzi JM, Simchi A. Solution Processing and Self-Organization of PbS Quantum Dots Passivated with Formamidinium Lead Iodide (FAPbI 3). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15746-15754. [PMID: 32637850 PMCID: PMC7331203 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) are very attractive as NIR-active semiconductors for the fabrication of cost-efficient optoelectronic devices. To control the thin film carrier transport, as well as stability, surface passivation is of crucial importance. Here, we present the successful surface passivation of PbS QDs by the formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) ligand. An effective procedure for the fabrication of FAPbI3-passivated PbS QDs through a binary-phase ligand exchange protocol in hexane and n-methylformamide is demonstrated. It is shown that this solution-processed ligand exchange drastically changes the photoluminescence intensity, exciton recombination dynamics, and carrier lifetime of the nanocrystals. The solution casting of the ligand-exchanged nanocrystals into thin films results in the periodic ordering of QDs in a square superlattice with close contacts. Planar graphene/QD photodetectors fabricated with PbS QDs passivated with FAPbI3 show substantially increased thermal stability as compared to similar devices using PbS QDs passivated with commonly used methylammonium lead iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Aynehband
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Empa, Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Maryam Mohammadi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
| | - Kerstin Thorwarth
- Surface
Science and Coating Technologies, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roland Hany
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Empa, Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Frank Alain Nüesch
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Empa, Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Materials Science and Engineering, EPFL,
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta D. Rossell
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Robin Pauer
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Nunzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
- Institute
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif
University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
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34
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Xia P, Davies DW, Patel BB, Qin M, Liang Z, Graham KR, Diao Y, Tang ML. Spin-coated fluorinated PbS QD superlattice thin film with high hole mobility. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11174-11181. [PMID: 32406467 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02299c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the oleophobic and electron-withdrawing nature of perfluorocarbons, we explore the effect of a trifluoromethyl coating on lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) in thin film transistor (TFT) geometry. The low surface energy conferred by the oleophobic perfluorocarbons creates QDs packed in a primitive cubic lattice with long range order, as confirmed by grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hole mobilities as high as 0.085 cm2 V-1 s-1 were measured in the TFTs. No electron transport was observed. This suggests that the electron-withdrawing nature of the trifluoromethyl ligand is eclipsed by the excess holes present in the PbS QDs that likely stem from cation vacancies induced by the thiol group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xia
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| | - Daniel W Davies
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Bijal B Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Maotong Qin
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, NO. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026 P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ming Lee Tang
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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35
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Miranti R, Shin D, Septianto RD, Ibáñez M, Kovalenko MV, Matsushita N, Iwasa Y, Bisri SZ. Exclusive Electron Transport in Core@Shell PbTe@PbS Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystal Assemblies. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3242-3250. [PMID: 32073817 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Assemblies of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in the form of thin solid films leverage the size-dependent quantum confinement properties and the wet chemical methods vital for the development of the emerging solution-processable electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics technologies. The ability to control the charge carrier transport in the colloidal NC assemblies is fundamental for altering their electronic and optical properties for the desired applications. Here we demonstrate a strategy to render the solids of narrow-bandgap NC assemblies exclusively electron-transporting by creating a type-II heterojunction via shelling. Electronic transport of molecularly cross-linked PbTe@PbS core@shell NC assemblies is measured using both a conventional solid gate transistor and an electric-double-layer transistor, as well as compared with those of core-only PbTe NCs. In contrast to the ambipolar characteristics demonstrated by many narrow-bandgap NCs, the core@shell NCs exhibit exclusive n-type transport, i.e., drastically suppressed contribution of holes to the overall transport. The PbS shell that forms a type-II heterojunction assists the selective carrier transport by heavy doping of electrons into the PbTe-core conduction level and simultaneously strongly localizes the holes within the NC core valence level. This strongly enhanced n-type transport makes these core@shell NCs suitable for applications where ambipolar characteristics should be actively suppressed, in particular, for thermoelectric and electron-transporting layers in photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retno Miranti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Daiki Shin
- Quantum Phase Electronic Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ricky Dwi Septianto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- EMPA-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Uberlandstrasse 129, Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- EMPA-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Uberlandstrasse 129, Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Nobuhiro Matsushita
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum Phase Electronic Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Fan Q, Biesold-McGee GV, Ma J, Xu Q, Pan S, Peng J, Lin Z. Lead-Free Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Crystal Structures, Synthesis, Stabilities, and Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1030-1046. [PMID: 31087754 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been rapid advances in the synthesis of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) for use in solar cells, light emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. These compounds have a set of intriguing optical, excitonic, and charge transport properties, including outstanding photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and tunable optical band gap. However, the necessary inclusion of lead, a toxic element, raises a critical concern for future commercial development. To address the toxicity issue, intense recent research effort has been devoted to developing lead-free halide perovskite (LFHP) NCs. In this Review, we present a comprehensive overview of currently explored LFHP NCs with an emphasis on their crystal structures, synthesis, optical properties, and environmental stabilities (e.g., UV, heat, and moisture resistance). In addition, strategies for enhancing optical properties and stabilities of LFHP NCs as well as the state-of-the-art applications are discussed. With the perspective of their properties and current challenges, we provide an outlook for future directions in this rapidly evolving field to achieve high-quality LFHP NCs for a broader range of fundamental research and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Fan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gill V Biesold-McGee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Qunna Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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37
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Fan Q, Biesold‐McGee GV, Ma J, Xu Q, Pan S, Peng J, Lin Z. Bleifreie Halogenid‐Perowskit‐Nanokristalle: Kristallstrukturen, Synthese, Stabilitäten und optische Eigenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Fan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Gill V. Biesold‐McGee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Qunna Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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38
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Sonntag L, Shamraienko V, Fan X, Samadi Khoshkhoo M, Kneppe D, Koitzsch A, Gemming T, Hiekel K, Leo K, Lesnyak V, Eychmüller A. Colloidal PbS nanoplatelets synthesized via cation exchange for electronic applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19370-19379. [PMID: 31173035 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a new synthetic approach to colloidal PbS nanoplatelets (NPLs) utilizing a cation exchange (CE) strategy starting from CuS NPLs synthesized via the hot-injection method. Whereas the thickness of the resulting CuS NPLs was fixed at approx. 5 nm, the lateral size could be tuned by varying the reaction conditions, such as time from 6 to 16 h, the reaction temperature (120 °C, 140 °C), and the amount of copper precursor. In a second step, Cu+ cations were replaced with Pb2+ ions within the crystal lattice via CE. While the shape and the size of parental CuS platelets were preserved, the crystal structure was rearranged from hexagonal covellite to PbS galena, accompanied by the fragmentation of the monocrystalline phase into polycrystalline one. Afterwards a halide mediated ligand exchange (LE) was carried out in order to remove insulating oleic acid residues from the PbS NPL surface and to form stable dispersions in polar organic solvents enabling thin-film fabrication. Both CE and LE processes were monitored by several characterization techniques. Furthermore, we measured the electrical conductivity of the resulting PbS NPL-based films before and after LE and compared the processing in ambient to inert atmosphere. Finally, we fabricated field-effect transistors with an on/off ratio of up to 60 and linear charge carrier mobility for holes of 0.02 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Sonntag
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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39
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Khanam JJ, Foo SY, Yu Z, Liu T, Mao P. Efficient, Stable, and Low-Cost PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells with Cr-Ag Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091205. [PMID: 31461887 PMCID: PMC6780186 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PbS quantum dots (QDs) are a promising nanostructured material for solar cells. However, limited works have been done to explore the active layer thickness, layer deposition techniques, stability improvement, and cost reduction for PbS QD solar cells. We address those issues of device fabrication herein and suggest their possible solutions. In our work, to get the maximum current density from a PbS QD solar cell, we estimated the optimized active layer thickness using Matlab simulation. After that, we fabricated a high-performance and low-cost QD photovoltaic (PV) device with the simulated optimized active layer thickness. We implemented this low-cost device using a 10 mg/mL PbS concentration. Here, spin coating and drop-cast layer deposition methods were used and compared. We found that the device prepared by the spin coating method was more efficient than that by the drop cast method. The spin-coated PbS QD solar cell provided 6.5% power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the AM1.5 light spectrum. Besides this, we observed that Cr (chromium) interfaced with the Ag (Cr–Ag) electrode can provide a highly air-stable electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobeda J Khanam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Simon Y Foo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Tianhan Liu
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Pengsu Mao
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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40
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Kim Y, Che F, Jo JW, Choi J, García de Arquer FP, Voznyy O, Sun B, Kim J, Choi MJ, Quintero-Bermudez R, Fan F, Tan CS, Bladt E, Walters G, Proppe AH, Zou C, Yuan H, Bals S, Hofkens J, Roeffaers MBJ, Hoogland S, Sargent EH. A Facet-Specific Quantum Dot Passivation Strategy for Colloid Management and Efficient Infrared Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805580. [PMID: 30860292 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals combine size- and facet-dependent properties with solution processing. They offer thus a compelling suite of materials for technological applications. Their size- and facet-tunable features are studied in synthesis; however, to exploit their features in optoelectronic devices, it will be essential to translate control over size and facets from the colloid all the way to the film. Larger-diameter colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) offer the attractive possibility of harvesting infrared (IR) solar energy beyond absorption of silicon photovoltaics. These CQDs exhibit facets (nonpolar (100)) undisplayed in small-diameter CQDs; and the materials chemistry of smaller nanocrystals fails consequently to translate to materials for the short-wavelength IR regime. A new colloidal management strategy targeting the passivation of both (100) and (111) facets is demonstrated using distinct choices of cations and anions. The approach leads to narrow-bandgap CQDs with impressive colloidal stability and photoluminescence quantum yield. Photophysical studies confirm a reduction both in Stokes shift (≈47 meV) and Urbach tail (≈29 meV). This approach provides a ≈50% increase in the power conversion efficiency of IR photovoltaics compared to controls, and a ≈70% external quantum efficiency at their excitonic peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Fanglin Che
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jea Woong Jo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jongmin Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - F Pelayo García de Arquer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Min-Jae Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Rafael Quintero-Bermudez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Fengjia Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Chih Shan Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Eva Bladt
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Grant Walters
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Andrew H Proppe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Chengqin Zou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Haifeng Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Departement of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Departement of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maarten B J Roeffaers
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
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41
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YousefiAmin A, Killilea NA, Sytnyk M, Maisch P, Tam KC, Egelhaaf HJ, Langner S, Stubhan T, Brabec CJ, Rejek T, Halik M, Poulsen K, Niehaus J, Köck A, Heiss W. Fully Printed Infrared Photodetectors from PbS Nanocrystals with Perovskite Ligands. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2389-2397. [PMID: 30706709 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals from PbS are successfully applied in highly sensitive infrared photodetectors with various device architectures. Here, we demonstrate all-printed devices with high detectivity (∼1012 cm Hz1/2/W) and a cut-off frequency of >3 kHz. The low material consumption (<0.3 mg per detector) and short processing time (14 s per detector) enabled by the automated printing promises extremely low device costs. To enable all-printed devices, an ink formulation was developed based on nanocrystals stabilized by perovskite-like methylammonium iodobismuthate ligands, which are dispersed in a ternary solvent. Fully inkjet printed devices based on this solvent were achieved with printed silver electrodes and a ZnO interlayer. Considerable improvements were obtained by the addition of small amounts of the polymer poly(vinylpyrrolidone) to the ink. The polymer improved the colloidal stability of the ink and its film-formation properties and thus enabled the scalable printing of single detectors and detector arrays. While photoconductors were shown here, the developed ink will certainly find application in a series of further electronic devices based on nanocrystals from a broad range of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- AmirAbbas YousefiAmin
- Institute - Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Energy Campus Nürnberg , Fürtherstraße 250 , D-90429 Nürnberg , Germany
| | - Niall A Killilea
- Institute - Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Energy Campus Nürnberg , Fürtherstraße 250 , D-90429 Nürnberg , Germany
| | - Mykhailo Sytnyk
- Institute - Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Energy Campus Nürnberg , Fürtherstraße 250 , D-90429 Nürnberg , Germany
| | - Philipp Maisch
- Institute - Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstraße 7 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Ka Cheong Tam
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), Energy Campus Nürnberg , Fürther Straße 250 , D-90429 Nürnberg , Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), Energy Campus Nürnberg , Fürther Straße 250 , D-90429 Nürnberg , Erlangen Germany
| | - Stefan Langner
- Institute - Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstraße 7 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Tobias Stubhan
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), Energy Campus Nürnberg , Fürther Straße 250 , D-90429 Nürnberg , Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute - Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstraße 7 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Tobias Rejek
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Katharina Poulsen
- Centrum für Angewandte Nanotechnologie (CAN) GmbH i. L. , Grindelallee 117 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Jan Niehaus
- Centrum für Angewandte Nanotechnologie (CAN) GmbH i. L. , Grindelallee 117 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Anton Köck
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH , Roseggerstraße 12 , A-8700 Leoben , Austria
| | - Wolfgang Heiss
- Institute - Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Energy Campus Nürnberg , Fürtherstraße 250 , D-90429 Nürnberg , Germany
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42
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Abargues R, Navarro J, Rodríguez-Cantó PJ, Maulu A, Sánchez-Royo JF, Martínez-Pastor JP. Enhancing the photocatalytic properties of PbS QD solids: the ligand exchange approach. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1978-1987. [PMID: 30644959 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface engineering of nanomaterials is a promising tool towards the design of new materials for conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. In this work, we examine the influence of ligand exchange on the photocatalytic performance of solution-processed PbS films. We test different ligands such as oleylamine (OAm), 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI). The study demonstrates that PbS films capped with MPA and EDT exhibit 3.5-fold enhanced photocatalytic performance for the photodecomposition of methyl orange upon sunlight exposure. Both band energy alignment and charge carrier transport have a strong impact on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a key role in the photodecomposition process. Moreover, the stability and reusability of the photocatalysts are clearly improved after ligand exchange. We prove how both MPA and EDT provide much more stability to PbS QD films to operate very efficiently up to 8 cycles of photocatalysis. As observed in XPS, the oxidation of PbS is prevented after ligand exchange. We demonstrate how surface chemistry engineering of solution-processed QD films can open a new approach towards the design of highly efficient and stable visible-light-driven photocatalysts, which paves the way to low cost and large area fabrication of high-performance photocatalytic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Abargues
- UMDO, Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain
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43
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Bederak D, Balazs DM, Sukharevska NV, Shulga AG, Abdu-Aguye M, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Loi MA. Comparing Halide Ligands in PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots for Field-Effect Transistors and Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2018; 1:6882-6889. [PMID: 30613830 PMCID: PMC6317010 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.8b01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Capping colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with atomic ligands is a powerful approach to tune their properties and improve the charge carrier transport in CQD solids. Efficient passivation of the CQD surface, which can be achieved with halide ligands, is crucial for application in optoelectronic devices. Heavier halides, i.e., I- and Br-, have been thoroughly studied as capping ligands in the last years, but passivation with fluoride ions has not received sufficient consideration. In this work, effective coating of PbS CQDs with fluoride ligands is demonstrated and compared to the results obtained with other halides. The electron mobility in field-effect transistors of PbS CQDs treated with different halides shows an increase with the size of the atomic ligand (from 3.9 × 10-4 cm2/(V s) for fluoride-treated to 2.1 × 10-2 cm2/(V s) for iodide-treated), whereas the hole mobility remains unchanged in the range between 1 × 10-5 cm2/(V s) and 10-4cm2/(V s). This leads to a relatively more pronounced p-type behavior of the fluoride- and chloride-treated films compared to the iodide-treated ones. Cl-- and F--capped PbS CQDs solids were then implemented as p-type layer in solar cells; these devices showed similar performance to those prepared with 1,2-ethanedithiol in the same function. The relatively stronger p-type character of the fluoride- and chloride-treated PbS CQD films broadens the utility of such materials in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Bederak
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M. Balazs
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nataliia V. Sukharevska
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Artem G. Shulga
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mustapha Abdu-Aguye
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Uberlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Uberlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Maria A. Loi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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44
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Mandal D, Rath AK. Quantum Dots Coupled to an Oriented Two-Dimensional Crystalline Matrix for Solar Cell Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39074-39082. [PMID: 30350942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as promising materials to harness panchromatic solar light, owing to their size-tunable optoelectronic properties. Advancements in surface passivation strategy and processing technique have contributed immensely to their developments in photovoltaic applications. Recently, surface passivation using halometallate ligands was shown to form a protective shell layer, which reduced the structural and energetic disorder in the QD solid. Here, we report lead sulfide (PbS) QDs coupled to an oriented two-dimensionally (2D) confined crystalline matrix by using a halometallate ligand. The QDs undergo surface reconstruction during the ligand treatment process, which leads to change in their shape, size, and axis length. We show that the 2D matrix is a combination of two distinct crystalline layers consisting of a crystalline Pb-amine complex and a 2D perovskite layer. The thickness of the matrix layer is modulated further by adjusting counter cations, which results in the enhancement in charge carrier mobility, carrier recombination lifetime, and diffusion length in the QD solid. 2D passivated QDs are implemented to fabricate photovoltaic devices with high power conversion efficiency of 9.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debranjan Mandal
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , India
| | - Arup K Rath
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , India
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45
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Beygi H, Sajjadi SA, Babakhani A, Young JF, van Veggel FCJM. Halide-, Hybrid-, and Perovskite-Functionalized Light Absorbing Quantum Materials of p-i-n Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:30283-30295. [PMID: 30107115 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.06.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The p-i-n quantum dot (QD) solar cells were fabricated through the single-step deposition of both of its p-type and light absorbing quantum layers. The hole transport and light absorbing layers of these devices were made by the p- and n-type PbS QDs, which were functionalized with mercaptopropionic acid and different halide, hybrid, and perovskite ligands, respectively. Fabrication of such p-i-n devices by the single-step deposition of pre-exchanged colloidal QDs had not been fully investigated so far because of the low progression of ligand exchange processes, weak colloidal stability of pre-exchanged QDs in desired solvents, and remaining of the ligand exchange products along with particles. However, we showed that the type of ligand complexes, amino acid products of ligand exchange, and protic solvents are highly effective for increasing the ligand exchange progression and preparation of high colloidal stability QDs with superior photoluminescence properties. As well, the surface chemistry investigations by the means of Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulfur elemental analysis, zeta potential, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were led to the presentation of new concepts about the theoretical and experimental ligand weight percentages, the mechanisms of solution-phase ligand exchange processes, and formation of ligands adlayer on the (111) facets of QDs. The pre-exchanged colloidal QDs showed very good desirability for the single-step deposition of dense, defects-free, and smooth QD layers. Regarding that, the p-i-n solar cells were successfully fabricated by the single-step deposition of both of the QD layers. Especially, the highest power conversion efficiency value of 6.40% was recorded for the devices in which the light absorbing layer was prepared by the composite-like QD-perovskite structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Beygi
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Engineering Faculty , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad 91775-1111 , Iran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z1 , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Seyed Abdolkarim Sajjadi
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Engineering Faculty , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad 91775-1111 , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Babakhani
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Engineering Faculty , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad 91775-1111 , Iran
| | - Jeff F Young
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z1 , British Columbia , Canada
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46
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Beygi H, Sajjadi SA, Babakhani A, Young JF, van Veggel FCJM. Halide-, Hybrid-, and Perovskite-Functionalized Light Absorbing Quantum Materials of p-i-n Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:30283-30295. [PMID: 30107115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The p-i-n quantum dot (QD) solar cells were fabricated through the single-step deposition of both of its p-type and light absorbing quantum layers. The hole transport and light absorbing layers of these devices were made by the p- and n-type PbS QDs, which were functionalized with mercaptopropionic acid and different halide, hybrid, and perovskite ligands, respectively. Fabrication of such p-i-n devices by the single-step deposition of pre-exchanged colloidal QDs had not been fully investigated so far because of the low progression of ligand exchange processes, weak colloidal stability of pre-exchanged QDs in desired solvents, and remaining of the ligand exchange products along with particles. However, we showed that the type of ligand complexes, amino acid products of ligand exchange, and protic solvents are highly effective for increasing the ligand exchange progression and preparation of high colloidal stability QDs with superior photoluminescence properties. As well, the surface chemistry investigations by the means of Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulfur elemental analysis, zeta potential, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were led to the presentation of new concepts about the theoretical and experimental ligand weight percentages, the mechanisms of solution-phase ligand exchange processes, and formation of ligands adlayer on the (111) facets of QDs. The pre-exchanged colloidal QDs showed very good desirability for the single-step deposition of dense, defects-free, and smooth QD layers. Regarding that, the p-i-n solar cells were successfully fabricated by the single-step deposition of both of the QD layers. Especially, the highest power conversion efficiency value of 6.40% was recorded for the devices in which the light absorbing layer was prepared by the composite-like QD-perovskite structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Beygi
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Engineering Faculty , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad 91775-1111 , Iran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z1 , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Seyed Abdolkarim Sajjadi
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Engineering Faculty , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad 91775-1111 , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Babakhani
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Engineering Faculty , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad 91775-1111 , Iran
| | - Jeff F Young
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z1 , British Columbia , Canada
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47
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Balazs DM, Matysiak BM, Momand J, Shulga AG, Ibáñez M, Kovalenko MV, Kooi BJ, Loi MA. Electron Mobility of 24 cm 2 V -1 s -1 in PbSe Colloidal-Quantum-Dot Superlattices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802265. [PMID: 30069938 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are nanoscale building blocks for bottom-up fabrication of semiconducting solids with tailorable properties beyond the possibilities of bulk materials. Achieving ordered, macroscopic crystal-like assemblies has been in the focus of researchers for years, since it would allow exploitation of the quantum-confinement-based electronic properties with tunable dimensionality. Lead-chalcogenide CQDs show especially strong tendencies to self-organize into 2D superlattices with micrometer-scale order, making the array fabrication fairly simple. However, most studies concentrate on the fundamentals of the assembly process, and none have investigated the electronic properties and their dependence on the nanoscale structure induced by different ligands. Here, it is discussed how different chemical treatments on the initial superlattices affect the nanostructure, the optical, and the electronic-transport properties. Transistors with average two-terminal electron mobilities of 13 cm2 V-1 s-1 and contactless mobility of 24 cm2 V-1 s-1 are obtained for small-area superlattice field-effect transistors. Such mobility values are the highest reported for CQD devices wherein the quantum confinement is substantially present and are comparable to those reported for heavy sintering. The considerable mobility with the simultaneous preservation of the optical bandgap displays the vast potential of colloidal QD superlattices for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Balazs
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bartosz M Matysiak
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jamo Momand
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Artem G Shulga
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Bart J Kooi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, Netherlands
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Ghosh S, Manna L. The Many "Facets" of Halide Ions in the Chemistry of Colloidal Inorganic Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7804-7864. [PMID: 30062881 PMCID: PMC6107855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, scientists have identified various synthetic "handles" while developing wet chemical protocols for achieving a high level of shape and compositional complexity in colloidal nanomaterials. Halide ions have emerged as one such handle which serve as important surface active species that regulate nanocrystal (NC) growth and concomitant physicochemical properties. Halide ions affect the NC growth kinetics through several means, including selective binding on crystal facets, complexation with the precursors, and oxidative etching. On the other hand, their presence on the surfaces of semiconducting NCs stimulates interesting changes in the intrinsic electronic structure and interparticle communication in the NC solids eventually assembled from them. Then again, halide ions also induce optoelectronic tunability in NCs where they form part of the core, through sheer composition variation. In this review, we describe these roles of halide ions in the growth of nanostructures and the physical changes introduced by them and thereafter demonstrate the commonality of these effects across different classes of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Ghosh
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Liberato Manna
- Department
of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
(IIT), via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Kavli Institute
of Nanoscience and Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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Lee SW, Joh H, Seong M, Lee WS, Choi JH, Oh SJ. Transition States of Nanocrystal Thin Films during Ligand-Exchange Processes for Potential Applications in Wearable Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25502-25510. [PMID: 29968456 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ligand exchange is an advanced technique for tuning the various properties of nanocrystal (NC) thin films, widely used in the NC thin-film device applications. Understanding how the NC thin films transform into functional thin-film devices upon ligand exchange is essential. Here, we investigated the process of structural transformation and accompanying property changes in the NC thin films, by monitoring the various characteristics of silver (Ag) NC thin films at each stage of the ligand-exchange process. A transition state was identified in which the ligands are partially exchanged, where the NC thin films showed unexpected electromechanical features with high gauge factors up to 300. A model system was established to explain the origin of the high gauge factors, supported by the observation of spontaneously formed nanocracks and metal-insulator transition from the structural analysis and charge transport study, respectively. Taking advantages of the unique electromechanical properties of the NC thin films, we fabricated flexible strain gauge sensor devices with high sensitivity, reliability, and stability. We introduce a one-step fabrication process, namely, "the time- and spatial-selective ligand-exchange process", for the design of low-cost and high-performance wearable sensors that effectively detect human motion, such as finger or neck muscle movement. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the ligand-exchange process in NCs, as well as an insight into the functionalities of the NC thin films for technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ji-Hyuk Choi
- Resource Utilization Research Center , Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources , Daejeon 34132 , Republic of Korea
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50
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Clark PCJ, Neo DCJ, Ahumada-Lazo R, Williamson AI, Pis I, Nappini S, Watt AAR, Flavell WR. Influence of Multistep Surface Passivation on the Performance of PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8887-8897. [PMID: 29975548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The performance of devices containing colloidal quantum dot (CQD) films is strongly dependent on the surface chemistry of the CQDs they contain. Multistep surface treatments, which combine two or more strategies, are important for creating films with high carrier mobility that are well passivated against trap states and oxidation. Here, we examine the effect of a number of these surface treatments on PbS CQD films, including cation exchange to form PbS/CdS core/shell CQDs, and solid-state ligand-exchange treatments with Cl, Br, I, and 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) ligands. Using laboratory-based and synchrotron-radiation-excited X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we examine the compositions of the surface layer before and after treatment, and correlate this with the performance data and stability in air. We find that halide ion treatments may etch the CQD surfaces, with detrimental effects on the air stability and solar cell device performance caused by a reduction in the proportion of passivated surface sites. We show that films made up of PbS/CdS CQDs are particularly prone to this, suggesting Cd is more easily etched from the surface than Pb. However, by choosing a less aggressive ligand treatment, a good coverage of passivators on the surface can be achieved. We show that halide anions bind preferentially to surface Pb (rather than Cd). By isolating the part of XPS signal originating from the topmost surface layer of the CQD, we show that air stability is correlated with the total number of passivating agents (halide + EDT + Cd) at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pip C J Clark
- School of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Darren C J Neo
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Ruben Ahumada-Lazo
- School of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew I Williamson
- School of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Igor Pis
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S. S. 14 km 163.5 , Basovizza 34149 , Trieste , Italy
| | - Silvia Nappini
- Laboratorio TASC, IOM CNR , S. S. 14 km 163.5 , Basovizza 34149 , Trieste , Italy
| | - Andrew A R Watt
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Wendy R Flavell
- School of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
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