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van Westerveld L, Pelras T, Hofman AH, Loos K, Kamperman M, Es Sayed J. Effect of Polyelectrolyte Charge Density on the Linear Viscoelastic Behavior and Processing of Complex Coacervate Adhesives. Macromolecules 2024; 57:652-663. [PMID: 38283122 PMCID: PMC10810003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that the phase behavior and physicochemical and adhesive properties of complex coacervates are readily tuneable with the salt concentration of the medium. For toxicity reasons, however, the maximum applicable salt concentration in biomedical applications is typically low. Consequently, other strategies must be implemented in order to optimize the properties of the resulting complex coacervates. In this work, the effect of the charge density of a strong polyanion on the properties of complex coacervates was studied. To control this charge density, statistical anionic/charge-neutral hydrophilic copolymers were synthesized by means of an elegant protection/deprotection strategy and subsequently complexed with a strong polycation. The resulting complexes were observed to have an increasing water content as well as faster relaxation dynamics, with either increasing salt concentration or decreasing charge density. Time-salt and time-salt-charge density superpositions could be performed and showed that the relaxation mechanism of the complex coacervates remained unchanged. When the charge density was decreased, lower salt concentration complexes became suitable for viscoelastic adhesion with improved injectability. Such complex coacervates are promising candidates for injectable biomedical adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa van Westerveld
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Théophile Pelras
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Anton H. Hofman
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Es Sayed
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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2
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Zhao Y, Kang J, Cui Y, Ji S, Nian R, Yu W, Sun Y. Mechanically tunable, antibacterial and bioactive mussel adhesive protein/hyaluronic acid coacervates as bioadhesives. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125773. [PMID: 37437673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work a bioadhesive was developed based on coacervates composed of recombinant mussel adhesive protein (MAP) and dopamine grafted hyaluronic acid (HA). Dopamine profoundly affected rheological attributes of the coacervates, leading to reduced rigidity, enhanced chain flexibility, more sol-like and fluid character and higher tolerance against structural collapse. The coacervates were rendered flowability, injectability, and adaptability, benefiting convenient delivery and making good contact with the skin to provide firm sealing for wounds of various shape and depth. It is the first time reported that MAP/HA coacervates are inherently antibacterial with 100 % growth inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. The antibacterial capability was disclosed to be positively related to catechol content. To further enhance the coacervates bioactivity, a small bioactive peptide thymosin was added and was revealed to promote fibroblasts migration. The coacervates hold great potential as practical bioadhesives both from the perspective of rheological properties and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yuting Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shengli Ji
- ReaLi Tide Biological Technology (Weihai) Co., Ltd, South Yangguang Road&East Longhai Road, Nanhai New District, Weihai 264402, China
| | - Rui Nian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Wenfa Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
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3
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Herrera SE, Agazzi ML, Apuzzo E, Cortez ML, Marmisollé WA, Tagliazucchi M, Azzaroni O. Polyelectrolyte-multivalent molecule complexes: physicochemical properties and applications. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2013-2041. [PMID: 36811333 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01507b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The complexation of polyelectrolytes with other oppositely charged structures gives rise to a great variety of functional materials with potential applications in a wide spectrum of technological fields. Depending on the assembly conditions, polyelectrolyte complexes can acquire different macroscopic configurations such as dense precipitates, nanosized colloids and liquid coacervates. In the past 50 years, much progress has been achieved to understand the principles behind the phase separation induced by the interaction of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions, especially for symmetric systems (systems in which both polyions have similar molecular weight and concentration). However, in recent years, the complexation of polyelectrolytes with alternative building blocks such as small charged molecules (multivalent inorganic species, oligopeptides, and oligoamines, among others) has gained attention in different areas. In this review, we discuss the physicochemical characteristics of the complexes formed by polyelectrolytes and multivalent small molecules, putting a special emphasis on their similarities with the well-known polycation-polyanion complexes. In addition, we analyze the potential of these complexes to act as versatile functional platforms in various technological fields, such as biomedicine and advanced materials engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago E Herrera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina.
| | - Maximiliano L Agazzi
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), (UNRC, CONICET), Ruta Nacional 36 KM 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina.
| | - Eugenia Apuzzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - M Lorena Cortez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Waldemar A Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina.
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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4
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A mini-review on bio-inspired polymer self-assembly: single-component and interactive polymer systems. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:593-607. [PMID: 36254846 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biology demonstrates meticulous ways to control biomaterials self-assemble into ordered and disordered structures to carry out necessary bioprocesses. Empowering the synthetic polymers to self-assemble like biomaterials is a hallmark of polymer physics studies. Unlike protein engineering, polymer science demystifies self-assembly by purposely embedding particular functional groups into the backbone of the polymer while isolating others. The polymer field has now entered an era of advancing materials design by mimicking nature to a very large extend. For example, we can make sequence-specific polymers to study highly ordered mesostructures similar to studying proteins, and use charged polymers to study liquid-liquid phase separation as in membraneless organelles. This mini-review summarizes recent advances in studying self-assembly using bio-inspired strategies on single-component and multi-component systems. Sequence-defined techniques are used to make on-demand hybrid materials to isolate the effects of chirality and chemistry in synthetic block copolymer self-assembly. In the meantime, sequence patterning leads to more hierarchical assemblies comprised of only hydrophobic and hydrophilic comonomers. The second half of the review discusses complex coacervates formed as a result of the associative charge interactions of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The tunable phase behavior and viscoelasticity are unique in studying liquid macrophase separation because the slow polymer relaxation comes primarily from charge interactions. Studies of bio-inspired polymer self-assembly significantly impact how we optimize user-defined materials on a molecular level.
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5
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Hong Y, Najafi S, Casey T, Shea JE, Han SI, Hwang DS. Hydrophobicity of arginine leads to reentrant liquid-liquid phase separation behaviors of arginine-rich proteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7326. [PMID: 36443315 PMCID: PMC9705477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins rich in cationic amino acid groups can undergo Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) in the presence of charge-balancing anionic counterparts. Arginine and Lysine are the two most prevalent cationic amino acids in proteins that undergo LLPS, with arginine-rich proteins observed to undergo LLPS more readily than lysine-rich proteins, a feature commonly attributed to arginine's ability to form stronger cation-π interactions with aromatic groups. Here, we show that arginine's ability to promote LLPS is independent of the presence of aromatic partners, and that arginine-rich peptides, but not lysine-rich peptides, display re-entrant phase behavior at high salt concentrations. We further demonstrate that the hydrophobicity of arginine is the determining factor giving rise to the reentrant phase behavior and tunable viscoelastic properties of the dense LLPS phase. Controlling arginine-induced reentrant LLPS behavior using temperature and salt concentration opens avenues for the bioengineering of stress-triggered biological phenomena and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Hong
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeed Najafi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thomas Casey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Song-I Han
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Jeon EY, Choi D, Choi S, Won J, Jo Y, Kim H, Jung Y, Shin SC, Min H, Choi HW, Lee MS, Park Y, Chung JJ, Jin H. Enhancing adoptive T-cell therapy with fucoidan-based IL-2 delivery microcapsules. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10362. [PMID: 36684086 PMCID: PMC9842027 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with antigen-specific T cells is a promising treatment approach for solid cancers. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been utilized in boosting the efficacy of ACT. However, the clinical applications of IL-2 in combination with ACT is greatly limited by short exposure and high toxicities. Herein, a complex coacervate was designed to intratumorally deliver IL-2 in a sustained manner and protect against proteolysis. The complex coacervate consisted of fucoidan, a specific IL-2 binding glycosaminoglycan, and poly-l-lysine, a cationic counterpart (FPC2). IL-2-laden FPC2 exhibited a preferential bioactivity in ex vivo expansion of CD8+T cells over Treg cells. Additionally, FPC2 was embedded in pH modulating injectable gel (FPC2-IG) to endure the acidic tumor microenvironment. A single intratumoral administration of FPC2-IG-IL-2 increased expansion of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic lymphocytes and reduced frequencies of myeloid populations. Notably, the activation and persistency of tumor-reactive T cells were observed only in the tumor site, not in the spleen, confirming a localized effect of FPC2-IG-IL-2. The immune-favorable tumor microenvironment induced by FPC2-IG-IL-2 enabled adoptively transferred TCR-engineered T cells to effectively eradicate tumors. FPC2-IG delivery system is a promising strategy for T-cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Jeon
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Da‐som Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seunghyun Choi
- Theragnosis CenterBiomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea,Department of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ju‐young Won
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yunju Jo
- Theragnosis CenterBiomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea,Department of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hye‐bin Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea,School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea,Yonsei‐KIST Convergence Research InstituteSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sang Chul Shin
- Technology Support CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Doping Control CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hae Woong Choi
- Department of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Myeong Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Theragnosis CenterBiomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Justin J. Chung
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced TechnologySeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea,Department of MedicineSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyung‐seung Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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7
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Long S, Xie C, Lu X. Natural polymer‐based adhesive hydrogel for biomedical applications. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1049/bsb2.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Long
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
- Yibin Research Institute Southwest Jiaotong University Yibin China
| | - Chaoming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
- Yibin Research Institute Southwest Jiaotong University Yibin China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
- Yibin Research Institute Southwest Jiaotong University Yibin China
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8
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Jeon EY, Um SH, Park J, Jung Y, Cheon CH, Jeon H, Chung JJ. Precisely Localized Bone Regeneration Mediated by Marine-Derived Microdroplets with Superior BMP-2 Binding Affinity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200416. [PMID: 35543974 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prompt and robust bone regeneration has been clinically achieved using supraphysiological doses of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to overcome the short half-life and rapid clearance. However, uncontrolled burst release of exogenous BMP-2 causes severe complications such as heterotopic ossification and soft tissue inflammation. Therefore, numerous researches have focused on developing a new BMP-2 delivery system for a sustained release profile by immobilizing BMP-2 in various polymeric vehicles. Herein, to avoid denaturation of BMP-2 and enhance therapeutic action via localized delivery, a complex coacervate consisting of fucoidan, a marine-derived glycosaminoglycan, and poly-l-lysine (PLL) is fabricated. Superior BMP-2 binding ability and electrostatic interaction-driven engulfment enable facile and highly efficient microencapsulation of BMP-2. The microencapsulation ability of the coacervate significantly improves BMP-2 bioactivity and provides protection against antagonist and proteolysis, while allowing prolonged release. Moreover, BMP-2 containing coacervate is coated on conventional collagen sponges. The bioactivity and localized bone regenerating ability are confirmed through in vitro (human-derived stem cells), and in vivo (calvarial bone defect model) evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Jeon
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Um
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Park
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin J Chung
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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9
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Zhang C, Cai Y, Zhao Q. Coacervation between two positively charged poly(ionic liquid)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200191. [PMID: 35632991 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Complex coacervates are usually formed through electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, with a few of exceptions such as coacervates of like-charge proteins and polyelectrolytes, both in vivo and in vitro. Understanding of the preparation and mechanism of these coacervates is limited. Here we design a positively charged poly(ionic liquid) poly(1-vinyl-3-benzylimidazolium chloride) (PILben) that bears benzene rings in repeating units. Fluidic coacervates were prepared by mixing the PILben aqueous solution with a like-charge poly(ionic liquid) named poly(dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA). The effects of polymer concentration, temperature and ionic strength in the PILben-PDDA coacervate were studied. Raman spectroscopy and two-dimensional 1 H-13 C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (1 H-13 C HSQC) characterizations verify that the coacervate formation benefits from the cation-π interaction between PILben and PDDA. This work provides principles and understandings of designing coacervates derived from like-charge poly(ionic liquids) with high charge density. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yinmin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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10
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Geng H, Zhong QZ, Li J, Lin Z, Cui J, Caruso F, Hao J. Metal Ion-Directed Functional Metal-Phenolic Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11432-11473. [PMID: 35537069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions are ubiquitous in nature and play significant roles in assembling functional materials in fields spanning chemistry, biology, and materials science. Metal-phenolic materials are assembled from phenolic components in the presence of metal ions through the formation of metal-organic complexes. Alkali, alkali-earth, transition, and noble metal ions as well as metalloids interacting with phenolic building blocks have been widely exploited to generate diverse hybrid materials. Despite extensive studies on the synthesis of metal-phenolic materials, a comprehensive summary of how metal ions guide the assembly of phenolic compounds is lacking. A fundamental understanding of the roles of metal ions in metal-phenolic materials engineering will facilitate the assembly of materials with specific and functional properties. In this review, we focus on the diversity and function of metal ions in metal-phenolic material engineering and emerging applications. Specifically, we discuss the range of underlying interactions, including (i) cation-π, (ii) coordination, (iii) redox, and (iv) dynamic covalent interactions, and highlight the wide range of material properties resulting from these interactions. Applications (e.g., biological, catalytic, and environmental) and perspectives of metal-phenolic materials are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Geng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Qi-Zhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhixing Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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11
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Zhai H, Bendikov T, Gal A. Phase Separation of Oppositely Charged Polymers Regulates Bioinspired Silicification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115930. [PMID: 35187784 PMCID: PMC9314620 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In nature, simple organisms evolved mechanisms to form intricate biosilica nanostructures, far exceeding current synthetic manufacturing. Based on the properties of extracted biomacromolecules, polycation–polyanion pairs were suggested as moderators of biosilica formation. However, the chemical principles of this polymer‐induced silicification remain unclear. Here, we used a biomimetic polycation–polyanion system to study polymer‐induced silicification. We demonstrate that it is the polymer phase separation process, rather than silica–polymer interactions, which controls silica precipitation. Since ionic strength controls this electrostatic phase separation, it can be used to tune the morphology and structure of the precipitates. In situ cryo electron microscopy highlights the pivotal role of the hydrated polymer condensates in this process. These results pave the road for developing nanoscale morphologies of bioinspired silica based on the chemistry of liquid‐liquid phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhai
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Gal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Zhai H, Bendikov T, Gal A. Phase Separation of Oppositely Charged Polymers Regulates Bioinspired Silicification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhai
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Assaf Gal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
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13
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Narayanan A, Dhinojwala A, Joy A. Design principles for creating synthetic underwater adhesives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13321-13345. [PMID: 34751690 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Water and adhesives have a conflicting relationship as demonstrated by the failure of most man-made adhesives in underwater environments. However, living creatures routinely adhere to substrates underwater. For example, sandcastle worms create protective reefs underwater by secreting a cocktail of protein glue that binds mineral particles together, and mussels attach themselves to rocks near tide-swept sea shores using byssal threads formed from their extracellular secretions. Over the past few decades, the physicochemical examination of biological underwater adhesives has begun to decipher the mysteries behind underwater adhesion. These naturally occurring adhesives have inspired the creation of several synthetic materials that can stick underwater - a task that was once thought to be "impossible". This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in the science of underwater adhesion over the past few decades. In this review, we introduce the basic thermodynamics processes and kinetic parameters involved in adhesion. Second, we describe the challenges brought by water when adhering underwater. Third, we explore the adhesive mechanisms showcased by mussels and sandcastle worms to overcome the challenges brought by water. We then present a detailed review of synthetic underwater adhesives that have been reported to date. Finally, we discuss some potential applications of underwater adhesives and the current challenges in the field by using a tandem analysis of the reported chemical structures and their adhesive strength. This review is aimed to inspire and facilitate the design of novel synthetic underwater adhesives, that will, in turn expand our understanding of the physical and chemical parameters that influence underwater adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Narayanan
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Abraham Joy
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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14
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Lin K, Jing B, Zhu Y. pH-Dependent complexation and polyelectrolyte chain conformation of polyzwitterion-polycation coacervates in salted water. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8937-8949. [PMID: 34549769 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The phase behavior and chain conformational structure of biphasic polyzwitterion-polyelectrolyte coacervates in salted aqueous solution are investigated with a model weak cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP), whose charge fraction can be effectively tuned by pH. It is observed that increasing the pH leads to the increase of the yielding volume fraction and the water content of dense coacervates formed between net neutral polybetaine and cationic P2VP in contrast to the decrease of critical salt concentration for the onset of coacervation, where the P2VP charge fraction is reduced correspondingly. Surprisingly, a single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopic study suggests that P2VP chains upon coacervation seem to adopt a swollen or an even more expanded conformational structure at higher pH. As the hydrophobicity of P2VP chains is accompanied by a reduced charge fraction by increasing the pH, a strong pH-dependent phase and conformational behaviors suggest the shift of entropic and enthalpic contribution to the underlying thermodynamic energy landscape and chain structural dynamics of polyelectrolyte coacervation involving weak polyelectrolytes in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehua Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Benxin Jing
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Yingxi Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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15
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Wanasingha N, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. Emerging bioadhesives: from traditional bioactive and bioinert to a new biomimetic protein-based approach. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 296:102521. [PMID: 34534751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioadhesives have reached significant milestones over the past two decades. Research has shown not only to produce adhesives capable of adhering to dry tissue but recently wet tissue as well. However, most bioadhesives developed have exhibited high adhesion strength yet lack other properties required for versatility in application, such as elasticity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Adapting from limitations met from early bioadhesives and meeting the current demand allows novel bioadhesives to reach new milestones for the future. In this review, we overview the progression and variations of bioadhesives, current trends, characterisation techniques and conclude with future perspectives for bioadhesives for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisal Wanasingha
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Naba K Dutta
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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16
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Hwang J, Sung M, Seo B, Shin K, Lee JY, Park BJ, Kim JW. Energetically Preferred Bilayered Coacervation of Oppositely Charged ZrHP Nanoplatelets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7664-7671. [PMID: 33533585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A platform is introduced for bilayered coacervation of oppositely charged nanoplatelets (NPLs) at the oil-water interface. To this end, we synthesized two types of zirconium hydrogen phosphate (ZrHP) NPLs, cationically charged NPLs (CNPLs), and anionically charged NPLs (ANPLs) by conducting surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Taking advantage of the platelet geometry and controlled wettability, we demonstrated that ANPLs and CNPLs coacervate themselves to form a bilayered NPL membrane at the interface, which was directly confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Via theoretical consideration using the hit-and-miss Monte Carlo method, we determined that electrostatic attraction-driven coacervation of ANPLs and CNPLs at the interface shows a minimum attachment energy of ∼ -106 kBT, which is comparable to the cases where NPLs charged with the same type of ions are attached. Finally, this unique and novel interfacial coacervation behavior allowed us to develop a pH-responsive smart Pickering emulsion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Hwang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Sung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokgi Seo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyounghee Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- KIURI (Korea Initiative for fostering University of Research & Innovation) Research Group, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Intergrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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17
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Denk P, El Maangar A, Lal J, Kleber D, Zemb T, Kunz W. Phase diagrams and microstructures of aqueous short alkyl chain polyethylene glycol ether carboxylate and carboxylic acid triblock surfactant solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 590:375-386. [PMID: 33556757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The surfactant C8EO8CH2COOH (Akypo LF2) and its salts have a small hydrophobic and a significantly longer hydrophilic part. As a consequence, there must be a significant steric constraint, once these surfactant molecules form micelles. In addition, the partially charged headgroups should bring some additional fine-tuning via electrostatic interactions to this "essentially non-ionic" surfactant. EXPERIMENTS Phase diagrams of binary mixtures of water and C8EO8CH2COOH are established over large concentration and temperature ranges, also at different pHs and in the presence of sodium and calcium ions. Surface tensions and osmotic pressures are measured to understand the systems. To evaluate the microstructures, also Dynamic Light Scattering and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering are performed. FINDINGS Apart from the formation of coacervates at very low surfactant concentrations, spherical micelles persist over the whole concentration and temperature range and do not change in size and shape. At very high surfactant concentrations, above 60% by weight, where the headgroups are no longer fully hydrated, the standard core-shell structure of micelles vanishes and highly stabilized aggregates of 8-26 octyl chains are suspended in interdigitated polyoxyethylene layers and form an "osmotic brush". When the acid is partially transformed to a sodium salt, the repulsion between the micelles increases, whereas bridging between micelles prevails, when the counterions are calcium cations. Remarkably, the negative charges of the headgroups are randomly distributed in the hydrophilic ethylene oxide shell. Altogether, a phase diagram without lyotropic liquid crystalline phases and an extreme shift of the cloud-point in temperature and composition is found, similar to the phase diagram of C8EO8OH already known in literature. The phase properties can be explained by the curvature and packing constraints together with the Lindemann rule applied to short hydrocarbon chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Denk
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Jyotsana Lal
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany; Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - David Kleber
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zemb
- ICSM, Univ. Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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18
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Batys P, Fedorov D, Mohammadi P, Lemetti L, Linder MB, Sammalkorpi M. Self-Assembly of Silk-like Protein into Nanoscale Bicontinuous Networks under Phase-Separation Conditions. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:690-700. [PMID: 33406825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation of biomacromolecules is crucial in various inter- and extracellular biological functions. This includes formation of condensates to control, e.g., biochemical reactions and structural assembly. The same phenomenon is also found to be critically important in protein-based high-performance biological materials. Here, we use a well-characterized model triblock protein system to demonstrate the molecular level formation mechanism and structure of its condensate. Large-scale molecular modeling supported by analytical ultracentrifuge characterization combined with our earlier high magnification precision cryo-SEM microscopy imaging leads to deducing that the condensate has a bicontinuous network structure. The bicontinuous network rises from the proteins having a combination of sites with stronger mutual attraction and multiple weakly attractive regions connected by flexible, multiconfigurational linker regions. These attractive sites and regions behave as stickers of varying adhesion strength. For the examined model triblock protein construct, the β-sheet-rich end units are the stronger stickers, while additional weaker stickers, contributing to the condensation affinity, rise from spring-like connections in the flexible middle region of the protein. The combination of stronger and weaker sticker-like connections and the flexible regions between the stickers result in a versatile, liquid-like, self-healing structure. This structure also explains the high flexibility, easy deformability, and diffusion of the proteins, decreasing only 10-100 times in the bicontinuous network formed in the condensate phase in comparison to dilute protein solution. The here demonstrated structure and condensation mechanism of a model triblock protein construct via a combination of the stronger binding regions and the weaker, flexible sacrificial-bond-like network as well as its generalizability via polymer sticker models provide means to not only understand intracellular organization, regulation, and cellular function but also to identify direct control factors for and to enable engineering improved protein and polymer constructs to enhance control of advanced fiber materials, smart liquid biointerfaces, or self-healing matrices for pharmaceutics or bioengineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Dmitrii Fedorov
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Pezhman Mohammadi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Laura Lemetti
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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19
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Jing B, Ferreira M, Lin K, Li R, Yavitt BM, Qiu J, Fukuto M, Zhu Y. Ultrastructure of Critical-Gel-like Polyzwitterion–Polyoxometalate Complex Coacervates: Effects of Temperature, Salt Concentration, and Shear. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benxin Jing
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Manuela Ferreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Kehua Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Yavitt
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jie Qiu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yingxi Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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20
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Narayanan A, Menefee JR, Liu Q, Dhinojwala A, Joy A. Lower Critical Solution Temperature-Driven Self-Coacervation of Nonionic Polyester Underwater Adhesives. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8359-8367. [PMID: 32538616 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To enable attachment to underwater surfaces, aquatic fauna such as mussels and sandcastle worms utilize the advantages of coacervation to deliver concentrated protein-rich adhesive cocktails in an aqueous environment onto underwater surfaces. Recently, a mussel adhesive protein Mfp-3s, was shown to exhibit a coacervation-based adhesion mechanism. Current synthetic strategies to mimic Mfp-3s often involve complexation of oppositely charged polymers. Such complex coacervates are more sensitive to changes in pH and salt, thereby limiting their utility to narrow ranges of pH and ionic strength. In this study, by taking advantage of the lower critical solution temperature-driven coacervation, we have created mussel foot protein-inspired, tropoelastin-like, bioabsorbable, nonionic, self-coacervating polyesters for the delivery of photo-cross-linkable adhesives underwater and to overcome the challenges of adhesion in wet or underwater environments. We describe the rationale for their design and the underwater adhesive properties of these nonionic adhesives. Compared to previously reported coacervate adhesives, these "charge-free" polyesters coacervate in wide ranges of pH (3-12) and ionic strength (0-1 M NaCl) and rapidly (<300 s) adhere to substrates submerged underwater. The study introduces smart materials that mimic the self-coacervation and environmental stability of Mfp-3s and demonstrate the potential for biological adhesive applications where high water content, salts, and pH changes can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Narayanan
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Joshua R Menefee
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Qianhui Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Abraham Joy
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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21
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Park S, Barnes R, Lin Y, Jeon BJ, Najafi S, Delaney KT, Fredrickson GH, Shea JE, Hwang DS, Han S. Dehydration entropy drives liquid-liquid phase separation by molecular crowding. Commun Chem 2020; 3:83. [PMID: 36703474 PMCID: PMC9814391 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex coacervation driven liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers has been attracting attention as a novel phase in living cells. Studies of LLPS in this context are typically of proteins harboring chemical and structural complexity, leaving unclear which properties are fundamental to complex coacervation versus protein-specific. This study focuses on the role of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-a widely used molecular crowder-in LLPS. Significantly, entropy-driven LLPS is recapitulated with charged polymers lacking hydrophobicity and sequence complexity, and its propensity dramatically enhanced by PEG. Experimental and field-theoretic simulation results are consistent with PEG driving LLPS by dehydration of polymers, and show that PEG exerts its effect without partitioning into the dense coacervate phase. It is then up to biology to impose additional variations of functional significance to the LLPS of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Park
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Ryan Barnes
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Yanxian Lin
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Byoung-jin Jeon
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Saeed Najafi
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Kris T. Delaney
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Songi Han
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
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22
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Abstract
Many proteins, particularly those that are intrinsically disordered and carry charges have a tendency to undergo liquid liquid phase separation (LLPS). Phase separation is a widespread mechanism by which cells concentrate a set of proteins to perform molecular reactions, and appear to compartmentalize molecular functions. Among the intrinsically disordered proteins are a subset that tend to form solid inclusions in cells and contribute to the pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Among this subset is the tau protein, a critically important inclusion in a class of conditions known as the tauopathies, which include Alzheimer's disease. Tau in neurons strongly and selectively associates with RNA species, most notably tRNA with a nanomolar dissociation constant. Furthermore, tau and RNA, under charge matching conditions, undergo LLPS in a process known as complex coacervation. Tau-RNA LLPS is reversible, and can persist for more than 15 h without subsequent fibrilization, although after longer time periods β-sheet content can be detected by thioflavin T. These findings suggest that LLPS tau droplets or condensates can be placed on a pathway to fibrillization and be arrested by solidification or dissolve into a soluble state, depending on the condition at hand, suggesting a regulatory and physiological role for the phase separated state of tau.
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23
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Seo KD, Shin S, Yoo HY, Cao J, Lee S, Yoo JW, Kim DS, Hwang DS. Stabilizing Coacervate by Microfluidic Engulfment Induced by Controlled Interfacial Energy. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:930-938. [PMID: 31769971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Low interfacial energy, an intrinsic property of complex coacervate, enables the complex coacervate to easily encapsulate desired cargo substances, making it widely used in encapsulation applications. Despite this advantage, the low interfacial energy of the complex coacervate makes it unstable against mechanical mixing, and changes in pH and salt concentration. Hence, a chemical cross-linker is usually added to enhance the stability of the complex coacervate at the expense of sacrificing all intrinsic properties of the coacervate, including phase transition of the coacervate from liquid to solid. In this study, we observed an abrupt increase in the interfacial energy of the coacervate phase in mineral oil. By controlling the interfacial energy of the coacervate phase using a microfluidic device, we successfully created double engulfed PEG-diacrylate (PEGDA) coacervate microparticles, named DEPOT, in which the coacervate is engulfed in a cross-linked PEGDA shell. The engulfed coacervate remained as a liquid phase, retained its original low interfacial energy property to encapsulate the desired cargo substances, and infiltrated into the target site by a simple solvent exchange from oil to water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiafu Cao
- College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
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24
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Park S, Kim S, Jho Y, Hwang DS. Cation-π Interactions and Their Contribution to Mussel Underwater Adhesion Studied Using a Surface Forces Apparatus: A Mini-Review. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16002-16012. [PMID: 31423790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mussel underwater adhesion is a model phenomenon important for the understanding of broader biological adhesion and the development of biomimetic wet adhesives. The catechol moiety of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (DOPA) is known to be actively involved in the mechanism of mussel underwater adhesion; however, other underwater adhesion mechanisms are also crucial. The surface forces apparatus (SFA) has often been used to explore the contributions of other mechanisms to mussel underwater adhesion; e.g., recent SFA-based nanomechanical studies have revealed that cation-π interactions, one of the strongest intermolecular interactions in water, are the pivotal interactions of adhesive proteins involved in underwater mussel adhesion. This mini-review surveys recent research on cation-π interactions and their contributions to strong mussel underwater adhesion, shedding light on some biological processes and facilitating the development of biomedical adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsik Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - YongSeok Jho
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Natural Science , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 52828 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
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25
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Hwang WK, Choy S, Song SL, Lee J, Hwang DS, Lee KY. Enhancement of nanofluid stability and critical heat flux in pool boiling with nanocellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 213:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Kim H, Jeon BJ, Kim S, Jho Y, Hwang DS. Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST) Behavior of Coacervate of Cationic Protamine and Multivalent Anions. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E691. [PMID: 30995741 PMCID: PMC6523134 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex coacervation is an emerging liquid/liquid phase separation (LLPS) phenomenon that behaves as a membrane-less organelle in living cells. Yet while one of the critical factors for complex coacervation is temperature, little analysis and research has been devoted to the temperature effect on complex coacervation. Here, we performed a complex coacervation of cationic protamine and multivalent anions (citrate and tripolyphosphate (TPP)). Both mixtures (i.e., protamine/citrate and protamine/TPP) underwent coacervation in an aqueous solution, while a mixture of protamine and sodium chloride did not. Interestingly, the complex coacervation of protamine and multivalent anions showed upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior, and the coacervation of protamine and multivalent anions was reversible with solution temperature changes. The large asymmetry in molecular weight between positively charged protamine (~4 kDa) and the multivalent anions (<0.4 kDa) and strong electrostatic interactions between positively charged guanidine residues in protamine and multivalent anions were likely to contribute to UCST behavior in this coacervation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungbin Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
| | - Byoung-Jin Jeon
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Sangsik Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
| | - YongSeok Jho
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
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Horn JM, Kapelner RA, Obermeyer AC. Macro- and Microphase Separated Protein-Polyelectrolyte Complexes: Design Parameters and Current Progress. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E578. [PMID: 30960562 PMCID: PMC6523202 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-containing polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are a diverse class of materials, composed of two or more oppositely charged polyelectrolytes that condense and phase separate near overall charge neutrality. Such phase-separation can take on a variety of morphologies from macrophase separated liquid condensates, to solid precipitates, to monodispersed spherical micelles. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in protein-containing PECs, with an overall goal of defining relevant design parameters for macro- and microphase separated PECs. For both classes of PECs, the influence of protein characteristics, such as surface charge and patchiness, co-polyelectrolyte characteristics, such as charge density and structure, and overall solution characteristics, such as salt concentration and pH, are considered. After overall design features are established, potential applications in food processing, biosensing, drug delivery, and protein purification are discussed and recent characterization techniques for protein-containing PECs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Horn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Rachel A Kapelner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Allie C Obermeyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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28
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Prolonged cell persistence with enhanced multipotency and rapid angiogenesis of hypoxia pre-conditioned stem cells encapsulated in marine-inspired adhesive and immiscible liquid micro-droplets. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:257-268. [PMID: 30639576 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies are emerging regenerative treatments for ischemic and chronic diseases. Although high cell retention and prompt angiogenesis are prerequisites to improving efficacy, advancements have not yet been developed. Here, we proposed long-term surviving and angiogenesis-inducing stem cell with high cell retention thanks to fluid immiscible liquid micro-droplets bio-inspired by a glue modality 'complex coacervate' found in the sandcastle worm. Formed by the Coulombic force between polycationic MAP and polyanionic hyaluronic acid, the exploited coacervate micro-droplets enabled the encapsulation of stem cells. The underwater adhesiveness facilitated integrating the encapsulated stem cells onto various surfaces with impressive cell retention after facile injection. Stem cells encapsulated in the coacervate platform formed cell clusters capable of pre-adjusting to hypoxia by expressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), increasing viability and reducing apoptosis under hypoxia and ischemia as well as normoxia. Interestingly, multipotent and angiogenic factors were significantly enhanced by HIF-1α expression. In the in vivo evaluation, the coacervate platform showed impressive angiogenesis with biocompatibility and long-term cell retention capacity with sustainable release as protein factories. Therefore, the proposed MAP-based water-immiscible, injectable, sticky, and bioactive 3D coacervate micro-droplets offers a promising tool for chronic diseases in body fluid-rich environments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: High cell retention, long-term survival, and rapid angiogenesis are prerequisites of successful stem cell therapy. However, no previous advancements have simultaneously satisfied all of these requirements. In this work, we clearly developed a novel, revolutionary stem cell carrier platform with underwater adhesiveness from a mussel-derived glue protein and water immiscibility from a sandcastle-worm-inspired glue modality via 'complex coacervation'. To the best of our knowledge, no report has emerged employing coacervate as a stem cell therapeutic platform. This fluid-immiscible, injectable, sticky, and bioactive 3-dimensional stem cell micro-droplets demonstrated the excellent stem cell retention and viability under hypoxia environments and enhanced multipotent and angiogenic effects with minimal immune response.
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29
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Yang B, Jin S, Park Y, Jung YM, Cha HJ. Coacervation of Interfacial Adhesive Proteins for Initial Mussel Adhesion to a Wet Surface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803377. [PMID: 30457699 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coacervation of mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) is proposed as a potential strategy that mussels may use during secretion due to their high concentration density, lack of dispersion into seawater, and low interfacial tension. Particularly, coacervations of interfacial MAPs, foot protein type-3 fast variant (fp-3F) and type-5 (fp-5), are important in the initial mussel adhesion process due to the relationship between the easy secretion/surface wetting properties of the coacervate and primer-like surface adhesive role of interfacial MAPs, which directly contact the marine surface. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on coacervate formation of major recombinant interfacial MAPs with high charge densities and the highest 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) contents. Specifically, salt-induced coacervation of fp-3F is observed at low pH values corresponding to the acidified environment of the distal depression during mussel secretion. In addition, it shows enthalpy driven upper critical solution temperature behavior, possibly relying on bridging interactions between like-charged cationic fp-3Fs including salt-bridge and cation-π/π-π interactions in the presence of specific counterions, supported by Raman spectroscopy. It is believed that this study has broadened the scope of the understanding of coacervation of MAPs and may provide new insight for responsive biomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongseon Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sila Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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30
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Wang J, Scheibel T. Coacervation of the Recombinant Mytilus galloprovincialis Foot Protein-3b. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3612-3619. [PMID: 30071727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The underwater adhesion of marine mussels is a fascinating example of how proteinaceous adhesives, although water-soluble to begin with, can be used in seawater. Marine mussels adhere to the substrate via adhesive plaques, where the adhesive proteins are located especially at the substratum's interface. One major compound of the adhesives in Mytilidae is the mussel foot protein 3b (mfp-3b). Here, recombinant mfp-3b (rmfp-3b) was produced in Escherichia coli. rmfp-3b showed upper critical solution temperature (UCST) mediated complex coacervation at pH 3.0 in the presence of citrate yielding a liquid-liquid phase separation. Further, the rmfp-3b coacervation could also be induced in seawater conditions such as the respective pH and ionic strength, but without UCST behavior. In particular, sulfate and citrate anions could significantly induce complex coacervation. This study provides insights into the molecular behavior of one of the key proteins of mussels involved in underwater adhesion and may inspire new applications of bioadhesives using recombinant mussel foot proteins.
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31
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Mohammadi P, Aranko AS, Lemetti L, Cenev Z, Zhou Q, Virtanen S, Landowski CP, Penttilä M, Fischer WJ, Wagermaier W, Linder MB. Phase transitions as intermediate steps in the formation of molecularly engineered protein fibers. Commun Biol 2018; 1:86. [PMID: 30271967 PMCID: PMC6123624 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A central concept in molecular bioscience is how structure formation at different length scales is achieved. Here we use spider silk protein as a model to design new recombinant proteins that assemble into fibers. We made proteins with a three-block architecture with folded globular domains at each terminus of a truncated repetitive silk sequence. Aqueous solutions of these engineered proteins undergo liquid-liquid phase separation as an essential pre-assembly step before fibers can form by drawing in air. We show that two different forms of phase separation occur depending on solution conditions, but only one form leads to fiber assembly. Structural variants with one-block or two-block architectures do not lead to fibers. Fibers show strong adhesion to surfaces and self-fusing properties when placed into contact with each other. Our results show a link between protein architecture and phase separation behavior suggesting a general approach for understanding protein assembly from dilute solutions into functional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Mohammadi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - A Sesilja Aranko
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Laura Lemetti
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Zoran Cenev
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Salla Virtanen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
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32
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Fares HM, Ghoussoub YE, Delgado JD, Fu J, Urban VS, Schlenoff JB. Scattering Neutrons along the Polyelectrolyte Complex/Coacervate Continuum. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi M. Fares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Yara E. Ghoussoub
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Jose D. Delgado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Jingcheng Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Volker S. Urban
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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33
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Rumyantsev AM, Zhulina EB, Borisov OV. Complex Coacervate of Weakly Charged Polyelectrolytes: Diagram of States. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem M. Rumyantsev
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Ekaterina B. Zhulina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004, St. Petersburg, Russia
- National Research
University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Borisov
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS UPPA, Pau, France
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004, St. Petersburg, Russia
- National Research
University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
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34
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Karabiyik Acar O, Kayitmazer AB, Torun Kose G. Hyaluronic Acid/Chitosan Coacervate-Based Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1198-1211. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Karabiyik Acar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gamze Torun Kose
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
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35
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Biller JR, Barnes R, Han S. Perspective of Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization for the study of soft materials. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Kaminker I, Wei W, Schrader AM, Talmon Y, Valentine MT, Israelachvili JN, Waite JH, Han S. Simple peptide coacervates adapted for rapid pressure-sensitive wet adhesion. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:9122-9131. [PMID: 29192930 PMCID: PMC5744669 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01915g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report here that a dense liquid formed by spontaneous condensation, also known as simple coacervation, of a single mussel foot protein-3S-mimicking peptide exhibits properties critical for underwater adhesion. A structurally homogeneous coacervate is deposited on underwater surfaces as micrometer-thick layers, and, after compression, displays orders of magnitude higher underwater adhesion at 2 N m-1 than that reported from thin films of the most adhesive mussel-foot-derived peptides or their synthetic mimics. The increase in adhesion efficiency does not require nor rely on post-deposition curing or chemical processing, but rather represents an intrinsic physical property of the single-component coacervate. Its wet adhesive and rheological properties correlate with significant dehydration, tight peptide packing and restriction in peptide mobility. We suggest that such dense coacervate liquids represent an essential adaptation for the initial priming stages of mussel adhesive deposition, and provide a hitherto untapped design principle for synthetic underwater adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Kaminker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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37
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Kim HJ, Yang B, Park TY, Lim S, Cha HJ. Complex coacervates based on recombinant mussel adhesive proteins: their characterization and applications. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7704-7716. [PMID: 29034934 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex coacervates are a dense liquid phase of oppositely charged polyions formed by the associative separation of a mixture of polyions. Coacervates have been widely employed in many fields including the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries due to their intriguing interfacial and bulk material properties. More recently, attempts to develop an effective underwater adhesive have been made using complex coacervates that are based on recombinant mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) due to the water immiscibility of complex coacervates and the adhesiveness of MAPs. MAP-based complex coacervates contribute to our understanding of the physical nature of complex coacervates and they provide a promising alternative to conventional invasive surgical repairs. Here, this review provides an overview of recombinant MAP-based complex coacervations, with an emphasis on their characterization and the uses of such materials for applications in the fields of biomedicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673, Pohang, Korea.
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38
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Cai H, Gabryelczyk B, Manimekalai MSS, Grüber G, Salentinig S, Miserez A. Self-coacervation of modular squid beak proteins - a comparative study. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7740-7752. [PMID: 29043368 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01352c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The beak of the Humboldt squid is a biocomposite material made solely of organic components - chitin and proteins - which exhibits 200-fold stiffness and hardness gradients from the soft base to the exceptionally hard tip (rostrum). The outstanding mechanical properties of the squid beak are achieved via controlled hydration and impregnation of the chitin-based scaffold by protein coacervates. Molecular-based understanding of these proteins is essential to mimic the natural beak material. Here, we present detailed studies of two histidine-rich beak proteins (HBP-1 and -2) that play central roles during beak bio-fabrication. We show that both proteins have the ability to self-coacervate, which is governed intrinsically by the sequence modularity of their C-terminus and extrinsically by pH and ionic strength. We demonstrate that HBPs possess dynamic structures in solution and achieve maximum folding in the coacervate state, and propose that their self-coacervation is driven by hydrophobic interactions following charge neutralization through salt-screening. Finally, we show that subtle differences in the modular repeats of HBPs result in significant changes in the rheological response of the coacervates. This knowledge may be exploited to design self-coacervating polypeptides for a wide range of engineering and biomedical applications, for example bio-inspired composite materials, smart hydrogels and adhesives, and biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553.
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39
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Yotsuji H, Higashiguchi K, Sato R, Shigeta Y, Matsuda K. Phototransformative Supramolecular Assembly of Amphiphilic Diarylethenes Realized by a Combination of Photochromism and Lower Critical Solution Temperature Behavior. Chemistry 2017; 23:15059-15066. [PMID: 28696577 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic diarylethenes bearing octyloxycarbonyl and N-octylcarbamoyl groups have been designed and synthesized. These ester- and amide-linked compounds form micrometer-sized supramolecular assemblies in water, and these assemblies exhibit photoinduced macroscopic morphological transformations upon alternate irradiation with UV and visible light. The ester-linked diarylethene showed a transformation between colorless spheres and a red-purple hazy fringe, whereas the microspheres of the amide-linked diarylethene showed changes in color, size, and shape, but the spheres did not show division. TEM images revealed that the spheres of the open-ring isomers have coacervate structures, with bicontinuous aqueous and organic phases. The closed-ring isomers of the ester- and amide-linked compounds were found to form nanofibers and thin layers, respectively. These compounds showed absorption spectral shifts at temperatures corresponding to the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transition. This morphological transformation can be rationalized as the photoinduced phase transition between the high- and low-temperature phases of the LCST transition. These results open up a new avenue for the design of phototransformative supramolecular assemblies based on a combination of photochromism and LCST behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Yotsuji
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Higashiguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcyo 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuma Sato
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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40
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Kim S, Yoo HY, Huang J, Lee Y, Park S, Park Y, Jin S, Jung YM, Zeng H, Hwang DS, Jho Y. Salt Triggers the Simple Coacervation of an Underwater Adhesive When Cations Meet Aromatic π Electrons in Seawater. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6764-6772. [PMID: 28614666 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive systems in many marine organisms are postulated to form complex coacervates (liquid-liquid phase separation) through a process involving oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Despite this ubiquitous speculation, most well-characterized mussel adhesive proteins are cationic and polyphenolic, and the pursuit of the negatively charged proteins required for bulk complex coacervation formation internally remains elusive. In this study, we provide a clue for unraveling this paradox by showing the bulky fluid/fluid separation of a single cationic recombinant mussel foot protein, rmfp-1, with no additional anionic proteins or artificial molecules, that is triggered by a strong cation-π interaction in natural seawater conditions. With the similar condition of salt concentration at seawater level (>0.7 M), the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged residues of mfp-1 is screened significantly, whereas the strong cation-π interaction remains unaffected, which leads to the macroscopic phase separation (i.e., bulky coacervate formation). The single polyelectrolyte coacervate shows interesting mechanical properties including low friction, which facilitates the secretion process of the mussel. Our findings reveal that the cation-π interaction modulated by salt is a key mechanism in the mussel adhesion process, providing new insights into the basic understanding of wet adhesion, self-assembly processes, and biological phenomena that are mediated by strong short-range attractive forces in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics , Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeonju Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University , Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sila Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University , Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University , Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2 V4, Canada
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41
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Zhang X, Lin Y, Eschmann NA, Zhou H, Rauch JN, Hernandez I, Guzman E, Kosik KS, Han S. RNA stores tau reversibly in complex coacervates. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002183. [PMID: 28683104 PMCID: PMC5500003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmembrane-bound organelles that behave like liquid droplets are widespread among eukaryotic cells. Their dysregulation appears to be a critical step in several neurodegenerative conditions. Here, we report that tau protein, the primary constituent of Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles, can form liquid droplets and therefore has the necessary biophysical properties to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells. Consonant with the factors that induce LLPS, tau is an intrinsically disordered protein that complexes with RNA to form droplets. Uniquely, the pool of RNAs to which tau binds in living cells are tRNAs. This phase state of tau is held in an approximately 1:1 charge balance across the protein and the nucleic acid constituents, and can thus be maximal at different RNA:tau mass ratios, depending on the biopolymer constituents involved. This feature is characteristic of complex coacervation. We furthermore show that the LLPS process is directly and sensitively tuned by salt concentration and temperature, implying it is modulated by both electrostatic interactions between the involved protein and nucleic acid constituents, as well as net changes in entropy. Despite the high protein concentration within the complex coacervate phase, tau is locally freely tumbling and capable of diffusing through the droplet interior. In fact, tau in the condensed phase state does not reveal any immediate changes in local protein packing, local conformations and local protein dynamics from that of tau in the dilute solution state. In contrast, the population of aggregation-prone tau as induced by the complexation with heparin is accompanied by large changes in local tau conformations and irreversible aggregation. However, prolonged residency within the droplet state eventually results in the emergence of detectable β-sheet structures according to thioflavin-T assay. These findings suggest that the droplet state can incubate tau and predispose the protein toward the formation of insoluble fibrils. Tau is a common neuronal protein that, under circumstances and conditions not well understood to date, self-assembles into intracellular aggregates in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer disease. These aggregates are formed of fibrous polymers. The mechanism by which this critical transition from a soluble protein to insoluble fibrous material occurs is unknown. We have discovered a novel state in which many tau molecules become compacted into a protein-rich droplet while maintaining their solubility and native-like protein conformations. Chemists refer to this dense liquid droplet state as a complex coacervate phase, and it is held together by the opposite charges of their constituents, ions, and water. In the case of the tau protein, the oppositely charged constituent is RNA. Indeed, we found that in human neuronal cell culture, tau selectively binds to a category of RNA known as tRNA. Interestingly, tau and RNA favorably condense to a complex coacervate phase when the charges between them are matched and at elevated temperatures, such that tau-RNA droplets could be observed at physiologically viable protein concentrations simply by increasing the temperature from room to physiological temperatures. When the tau-RNA–dense droplets are incubated together over time, tau transitions to a conformation similar to that found in pathological fibers. Our experiments therefore demonstrate physicochemical properties of tau that may predispose it to undergo changes associated with neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Yanxian Lin
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Neil A. Eschmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer N. Rauch
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Israel Hernandez
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Kosik
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KSK); (SH)
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KSK); (SH)
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42
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Biopolymer-based coacervates: Structures, functionality and applications in food products. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Jho Y, Yoo HY, Lin Y, Han S, Hwang DS. Molecular and structural basis of low interfacial energy of complex coacervates in water. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:61-73. [PMID: 27499328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Complex coacervate refers to a phase-separated fluid, typically of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in solution, representing a complex fluid system that has been shown to be of essential interest to biological systems, as well as for soft materials processing owing to the expectation of superior underwater coating or adhesion properties. The significance and interest in complex coacervate fluids critically rely on its low interfacial tension with respect to water that, in turn, facilitates the wetting of macromolecular or material surfaces under aqueous conditions, provided there is attractive interaction between the polyelectrolyte constituents and the surface. However, the molecular and structural bases of these properties remain unclear. Recent studies propose that the formation of water-filled and bifluidic sponge-like nanostructured network, driven by the tuning of electrostatic interactions between the polyelectrolyte constituents or their complexes may be a common feature of complex coacervate fluids that display low fluid viscosity and low interfacial tension, but more studies are needed to verify the generality of these observations. In this review, we summarize representative studies of interfacial tension and ultrastructures of complex coacervate fluids. We highlight that a consensus property of the complex coacervate fluid is the observation of high or even bulk-like water dynamics within the dense complex coacervate phase that is consistent with a low cohesive energy fluid. Our own studies on this subject are enabled by the application of magnetic resonance relaxometry methods relying on spin labels tethered to polyelectrolyte constituents or added as spin labeled probe molecules that partition into the dense versus the equilibrium coacervate phase, permitting the extraction of information on local polymer dynamics, polymer packing and local water dynamics. We conclude with a snapshot of our current perspective on the molecular and structural bases of the low interfacial tension of complex coacervate fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongSeok Jho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Yoo
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanxian Lin
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HJ, Choi BH, Jun SH, Cha HJ. Sandcastle Worm-Inspired Blood-Resistant Bone Graft Binder Using a Sticky Mussel Protein for Augmented In Vivo Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:3191-3202. [PMID: 27896935 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Xenogenic bone substitutes are commonly used during orthopedic reconstructive procedures to assist bone regeneration. However, huge amounts of blood accompanied with massive bone loss usually increase the difficulty of placing the xenograft into the bony defect. Additionally, the lack of an organic matrix leads to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the bone-grafted site. For effective bone grafting, this study aims at developing a mussel adhesion-employed bone graft binder with great blood-resistance and enhanced mechanical properties. The distinguishing water (or blood) resistance of the binder originates from sandcastle worm-inspired complex coacervation using negatively charged hyaluronic acid (HA) and a positively charged recombinant mussel adhesive protein (rMAP) containing tyrosine residues. The rMAP/HA coacervate stabilizes the agglomerated bone graft in the presence of blood. Moreover, the rMAP/HA composite binder enhances the mechanical and hemostatic properties of the bone graft agglomerate. These outstanding features improve the osteoconductivity of the agglomerate and subsequently promote in vivo bone regeneration. Thus, the blood-resistant coacervated mussel protein glue is a promising binding material for effective bone grafting and can be successfully expanded to general bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Bong-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Jun
- Department of Dentistry; Anam Hospital; Korea University Medical Center; Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 South Korea
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