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Kang Y, Zhao J, Zeng Y, Du X, Gu Z. 3D Printing Photonic Crystals: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403525. [PMID: 39087369 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms in nature possess diverse and vibrant structural colors generated from their intrinsic surface micro/nanostructures. These intricate micro/nanostructures can be harnessed to develop a new generation of colorful materials for various fields such as photonics, information storage, display, and sensing. Recent advancements in the fabrication of photonic crystals have enabled the preparation of structurally colored materials with customized geometries using 3D printing technologies. Here, a comprehensive review of the historical development of fabrication methods for photonic crystals is provided. Diverse 3D printing approaches along with the underlying mechanisms, as well as the regulation methods adopted to generate photonic crystals with structural color, are discussed. This review aims to offer the readers an overview of the state-of-the-art 3D printing techniques for photonic crystals, present a guide and considerations to fabricate photonic crystals leveraging different 3D printing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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2
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Wang Z, Zheng Y, Qiao L, Ma Y, Zeng H, Liang J, Ye Q, Shen K, Liu B, Sun L, Fan Z. 4D-Printed MXene-Based Artificial Nerve Guidance Conduit for Enhanced Regeneration of Peripheral Nerve Injuries. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401093. [PMID: 38805724 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Repairing larger defects (>5 mm) in peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) remains a significant challenge when using traditional artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs). A novel approach that combines 4D printing technology with poly(L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLATMC) and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets is proposed, thereby imparting shape memory properties to the NGCs. Upon body temperature activation, the printed sheet-like structure can quickly self-roll into a conduit-like structure, enabling optimal wrapping around nerve stumps. This design enhances nerve fixation and simplifies surgical procedures. Moreover, the integration of microchannel expertly crafted through 4D printing, along with the incorporation of MXene nanosheets, introduces electrical conductivity. This feature facilitates the guided and directional migration of nerve cells, rapidly accelerating the healing of the PNI. By leveraging these advanced technologies, the developed NGCs demonstrate remarkable potential in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, leading to substantial improvements in muscle morphology and restored sciatic nerve function, comparable to outcomes achieved through autogenous nerve transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanya Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Huajing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jiachen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Kuangyu Shen
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Luyi Sun
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Zengjie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
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Xu J, Wu Y, Xia Y, Fatima R, Li Y, Song DP. Photonic Pigments of Polystyrene- block-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Bottlebrush Block Copolymers via Sustainable Organized Spontaneous Emulsification. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:495-501. [PMID: 38607961 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Prior studies on photonic pigments of amphiphilic bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs) through an organized spontaneous emulsification (OSE) mechanism have been limited to using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the hydrophilic side chains and toluene as the organic phase. Herein, a family of polystyrene-block-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PS-b-PVP) BBCPs are synthesized with PVP as the hydrophilic block. Biocompatible and sustainable anisole is employed for dissolving the obtained BBCPs followed by emulsification of the solutions in water. Subsequent evaporation of oil-in-water emulsion droplets triggers the OSE mechanism, producing thermodynamically stable water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) multiple emulsions with uniform and closely packed internal droplet arrays through the assembly of the BBCPs at the w/o interface. Upon solidification, the homogeneous porous structures are formed within the photonic microparticles that exhibit visible structural colors. The pore diameter is widely tunable (150∼314 nm) by changing the degree of polymerization of BBCP (69∼110), resulting in tunable colors across the whole visible spectrum. This work demonstrates useful knowledge that OSE can be generally used in the fabrication of ordered porous materials with tunable internal functional groups, not only for photonic applications, but also offers a potential platform for catalysis, sensing, separation, encapsulation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yulun Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rida Fatima
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dong-Po Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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4
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Winhard B, Gomez-Gomez A, Maragno LG, Gomes DR, Furlan KP. Achieving High-Temperature Stable Structural Color through Nanostructuring in Polymer-Derived Ceramics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22379-22390. [PMID: 38636939 PMCID: PMC11071046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Structural colors offer a myriad of advantages over conventional pigment-based colors, which often rely on toxic chemical substances that are prone to UV degradation. To take advantage of these benefits in demanding environments, there is growing interest in producing structural colors from ceramics. Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) emerge as a compelling choice, presenting two distinct advantages: their enhanced shape ability in their polymeric state associated with impressive temperature resistance once converted to ceramics. This study pioneers the fabrication of noniridescent structural colors from silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) PDC, enabled by the nanostructuring of an inverse photonic glass within the PDC material. This design, a functionally graded material with an inverse photonic glass (FGM-PhG) structure, leverages the innate light-absorbing properties of SiOC, yielding a vivid structural color that maintains its saturation even in white surroundings. This study elucidates the process-structure-properties relationship for the obtained structural colors by investigating each layer of the functionally graded material (FGM) in a stepwise coating deposition process. To further emphasize the exceptional processing flexibility of PDCs, the three-step process is later transferred to an additive manufacturing approach. Finally, the FGM-PhG structural colors are demonstrated to have remarkable thermal stability up to 1000 °C for 100 h, possibly making them the most thermally stable ceramic structural colors to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt
F. Winhard
- Hamburg University of Technology,
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated
Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Gomez-Gomez
- Hamburg University of Technology,
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated
Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura G. Maragno
- Hamburg University of Technology,
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated
Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diego Ribas Gomes
- Hamburg University of Technology,
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated
Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kaline P. Furlan
- Hamburg University of Technology,
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated
Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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Carr Delgado H, Moradifar P, Chinn G, Levin CS, Dionne JA. Toward "super-scintillation" with nanomaterials and nanophotonics. NANOPHOTONICS 2024; 13:1953-1962. [PMID: 38745841 PMCID: PMC11090085 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Following the discovery of X-rays, scintillators are commonly used as high-energy radiation sensors in diagnostic medical imaging, high-energy physics, astrophysics, environmental radiation monitoring, and security inspections. Conventional scintillators face intrinsic limitations including a low extraction efficiency of scintillated light and a low emission rate, leading to efficiencies that are less than 10 % for commercial scintillators. Overcoming these limitations will require new materials including scintillating nanomaterials ("nanoscintillators"), as well as new photonic approaches that increase the efficiency of the scintillation process, increase the emission rate of materials, and control the directivity of the scintillated light. In this perspective, we describe emerging nanoscintillating materials and three nanophotonic platforms: (i) plasmonic nanoresonators, (ii) photonic crystals, and (iii) high-Q metasurfaces that could enable high performance scintillators. We further discuss how a combination of nanoscintillators and photonic structures can yield a "super scintillator" enabling ultimate spatio-temporal resolution while enabling a significant boost in the extracted scintillation emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish Carr Delgado
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Parivash Moradifar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Garry Chinn
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Craig S. Levin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Kim JB, Lee HY, Chae C, Lee SY, Kim SH. Advanced Additive Manufacturing of Structurally-Colored Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307917. [PMID: 37909823 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct ink writing (DIW) stands out as a facile additive manufacturing method, minimizing material waste. Nonetheless, developing homogeneous Bingham inks with high yield stress and swift liquid-to-solid transitions for versatile 3D printing remains a challenge. In this study, high-performance Bingham inks are formulated by destabilizing silica particle suspensions in acrylate-based resin. A colloidal network forms in the shear-free state through interparticle attraction, achieved by disrupting the solvation layer of large resin molecules using polar molecules. The network is highly dense, with evenly distributed linkage strength as monodisperse particles undergo gelation at an ultra-high fraction. Crucially, the strength is calibrated to ensure a sufficiently large yield stress, while still allowing the network to reversibly melt under shear flow. The inks immediately undergo a liquid-to-solid transition upon discharge, while maintaining fluidity without nozzle clogging. The dense colloidal networks develop structural colors due to the short-range order. This enables the rapid and sophisticated drawing of structurally-colored 3D structures, relying solely on rheological properties. Moreover, the printed composite structures exhibit high mechanical stability due to the presence of the colloidal network, which expands the range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changju Chae
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Jeon S, Kamble YL, Kang H, Shi J, Wade MA, Patel BB, Pan T, Rogers SA, Sing CE, Guironnet D, Diao Y. Direct-ink-write cross-linkable bottlebrush block copolymers for on-the-fly control of structural color. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313617121. [PMID: 38377215 PMCID: PMC10907314 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313617121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing capable of controlling and dynamically modulating structures down to the nanoscopic scale remains challenging. By marrying additive manufacturing with self-assembly, we develop a UV (ultra-violet)-assisted direct ink write approach for on-the-fly modulation of structural color by programming the assembly kinetics through photo-cross-linking. We design a photo-cross-linkable bottlebrush block copolymer solution as a printing ink that exhibits vibrant structural color (i.e., photonic properties) due to the nanoscopic lamellar structures formed post extrusion. By dynamically modulating UV-light irradiance during printing, we can program the color of the printed material to access a broad spectrum of visible light with a single ink while also creating color gradients not previously possible. We unveil the mechanism of this approach using a combination of coarse-grained simulations, rheological measurements, and structural characterizations. Central to the assembly mechanism is the matching of the cross-linking timescale with the assembly timescale, which leads to kinetic trapping of the assembly process that evolves structural color from blue to red driven by solvent evaporation. This strategy of integrating cross-linking chemistry and out-of-equilibrium processing opens an avenue for spatiotemporal control of self-assembled nanostructures during additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Jeon
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Yash Laxman Kamble
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Haisu Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Jiachun Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Matthew A. Wade
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Bijal B. Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Tianyuan Pan
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Simon A. Rogers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Charles E. Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
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8
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Demirörs AF, Manne K, Magkiriadou S, Scheffold F. Tuning disorder in structurally colored bioinspired photonic glasses. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1620-1628. [PMID: 38275297 PMCID: PMC10865182 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal crystals, such as opals, display bright and iridescent colors when assembled from submicron particles. While the brightness and purity of iridescent colors are well suited for ornaments, signaling, and anticounterfeiting, their angle dependence limits the range of their applications. In contrast, colloidal glasses display angle-independent structural color that is tunable by the size and local arrangement of particles. However, the angle-independent color of colloidal photonic glasses usually yields pastel colors that are not vivid due to the disorder in the particle assembly. Here, we report an electrophoretic assembly platform for tuning the level of disorder in the particle system from a colloidal crystal to a colloidal glass. Altering the electric field in our electrophoretic platform allows for deliberate control of the assembly kinetics and thus the level of order in the particle assembly. With the help of microscopy, X-ray scattering, and optical characterization, we show that the photonic properties of the assembled films can be tuned with the applied electric field. Our analyses reveal that angle-independent color with optimum color brightness can be achieved in typical colloidal suspensions when the range of order is at ∼3.2 particle diameters, which is expected at a moderate electric field of ∼15 V mm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet F Demirörs
- Soft Matter and Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Kalpana Manne
- Soft Matter and Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Sofia Magkiriadou
- Soft Matter and Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Frank Scheffold
- Soft Matter and Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
- NCCR Bio-inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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9
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Bi R, Li X, Ou X, Huang J, Huang D, Chen G, Sheng Y, Hong W, Wang Y, Hu W, Guo SZ. 3D-Printed Biomimetic Structural Colors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306646. [PMID: 37759391 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Resolution control and expansibility have always been challenges to the fabrication of structural color materials. Here, a facile strategy to print cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) into complex structural color patterns with variable resolution and enhanced expansibility is reported. A volatile solvent is introduced into the synthesized CLC oligomers, modifying its rheological properties and allowing direct-ink-writing (DIW) under mild conditions. The combination of printing shear flow and anisotropic deswelling of ink drives the CLC molecules into an ordered cholesteric arrangement. The authors meticulously investigate the influence of printing parameters to achieve resolution control over a wide range, allowing for the printing of multi-sized 1D or 2D patterns with constant quality. Furthermore, such solvent-cast direct-ink-writing (DIW) strategy is highly expandable and can be integrated easily into the DIW of bionic robots. Multi-responsive bionic butterfly and flower are printed with biomimetic in both locomotion and coloration. Such designs dramatically reduced the processing difficulty of precise full-color printing and expanded the capability of structural color materials to collaborate with other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Bi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xingcheng Ou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dantong Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hong
- Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510050, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Hu
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Guangdong, 525000, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Zhuang Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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10
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Xu YT, Ackroyd AJ, Momeni A, Oudah M, MacLachlan MJ. Magnetic field-responsive graphene oxide photonic liquids. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:317-323. [PMID: 38196394 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00412k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Modifying the environment around particles (e.g., introducing a secondary phase or external field) can affect the way they interact and assemble, thereby giving control over the physical properties of a dynamic system. Here, graphene oxide (GO) photonic liquids that respond to a magnetic field are demonstrated for the first time. Magnetic nanoparticles are used to provide a continuous magnetizable liquid environment around the GO liquid crystalline domains. In response to a magnetic field, the alignment of magnetic nanoparticles, coupled with the diamagnetic property of GO nanosheets, drives the reorientation and alignment of the nanosheets, enabling switchable photonic properties using a permanent magnet. This phenomenon is anticipated to be extendable to other relevant photonic systems of shape-anisotropic nanoparticles and may open up opportunities for developing GO-based optical materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Amanda J Ackroyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Arash Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Oudah
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Bioproducts Institute, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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11
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Zhan YY, Ogawa D, Sano K, Wang X, Araoka F, Sakai N, Sasaki T, Ishida Y. Reconfigurable Photonic Crystal Reversibly Exhibiting Single and Double Structural Colors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311451. [PMID: 37861089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Unlike absorption-based colors of dyes and pigments, reflection-based colors of photonic crystals, so called "structural colors", are responsive to external stimuli, but can remain unfaded for over ten million years, and therefore regarded as a next-generation coloring mechanism. However, it is a challenge to rationally design the spectra of structural colors, where one structure gives only one reflection peak defined by Bragg's law, unlike those of absorption-based colors. Here, we report a reconfigurable photonic crystal that exhibits single-peak and double-peak structural colors. This photonic crystal is composed of a colloidal nanosheet in water, which spontaneously adopts a layered structure with single periodicity (407 nm). After a temperature-gradient treatment, the photonic crystal segregates into two regions with shrunken (385 nm) and expanded (448 nm) periodicities, and thus exhibits double reflection peaks that are blue- and red-shifted from the original one, respectively. Notably, the transition between the single-peak and double-peak states is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Zhan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Koki Sano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Xiang Wang
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fumito Araoka
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sakai
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sasaki
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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12
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Dutta SD, Patil TV, Ganguly K, Randhawa A, Acharya R, Moniruzzaman M, Lim KT. Trackable and highly fluorescent nanocellulose-based printable bio-resins for image-guided tissue regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121232. [PMID: 37659796 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic tracking of cell migration during tissue regeneration remains challenging owing to imaging techniques that require sophisticated devices, are often lethal to healthy tissues. Herein, we developed a 3D printable non-invasive polymeric hydrogel based on 2,2,6,6-(tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl) oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized nanocellulose (T-CNCs) and carbon dots (CDs) for the dynamic tracking of cells. The as-prepared T-CNC@CDs were used to fabricate a liquid bio-resin containing gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (GPCD) for digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting. The shear-thinning properties of the GPCD bio-resin were further improved by the addition of T-CNC@CDs, allowing high-resolution 3D printing and bioprinting of human cells with higher cytocompatibility (viability ∼95 %). The elastic modulus of the printed GPCD hydrogel was found to be ∼13 ± 4.2 kPa, which is ideal for soft tissue engineering. The as-fabricated hydrogel scaffold exhibited tunable structural color property owing to the addition of T-CNC@CDs. Owing to the unique fluorescent property of T-CNC@CDs, the human skin cells could be tracked within the GPCD hydrogel up to 30 days post-printing. Therefore, we anticipate that GPCD bio-resin can be used for 3D bioprinting with high structural stability, dynamic tractability, and tunable mechanical stiffness for image-guided tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Institue of Forest Science, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rumi Acharya
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Institue of Forest Science, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Llorens JS, Barbera L, Demirörs AF, Studart AR. Light-Based 3D Printing of Complex-Shaped Photonic Colloidal Glasses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302868. [PMID: 37470316 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal glasses display angle-independent structural color that is tunable by the size and local arrangement of sub-micrometer particles. While films, droplets, and microcapsules with isotropic structural color have been demonstrated, the shaping of colloidal glasses in three dimensions remains an open manufacturing challenge. Here, a light-based printing platform for the shaping of colloidal glasses into 3D objects featuring complex geometries and vivid structural color after thermal treatment is reported. Rheology, photopolymerization, and calcination experiments are performed to design the photoreactive resins leading to printable colloidal glasses. With the help of microscopy, scattering, and optical characterization, it is shown that the photonic properties of the printed objects reflect the locally ordered microstructure of the glass. The capability of the platform in creating 3D objects with isotropic structural color is illustrated by printing lattices and miniaturized sculpture replicas with unique shapes and multimaterial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Barbera
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmet F Demirörs
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Soft Matter and Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andre R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Bae J, Yoo C, Kim S, Ahn J, Sim HH, Kim JH, Kim JH, Yoon SY, Kim JT, Seol SK, Pyo J. Three-Dimensional Printing of Structural Color Using a Femtoliter Meniscus. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37294876 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors are produced by the diffraction of light from microstructures. The collective arrangement of substructures is a simple and cost-effective approach for structural coloration represented by colloidal self-assembly. Nanofabrication methods enable precise and flexible coloration by processing individual nanostructures, but these methods are expensive or complex. Direct integration of desired structural coloration remains difficult because of the limited resolution, material-specificity, or complexity. Here, we demonstrate three-dimensional printing of structural colors by direct writing of nanowire gratings using a femtoliter meniscus of polymer ink. This method combines a simple process, desired coloration, and direct integration at a low cost. Precise and flexible coloration is demonstrated by printing the desired structural colors and shapes. In addition, alignment-resolved selective reflection is shown for displayed image control and color synthesis. The direct integration facilitates structural coloration on various substrates, including quartz, silicon, platinum, gold, and flexible polymer films. We expect that our contribution can expand the utility of diffraction gratings across various disciplines such as surface-integrated strain sensors, transparent reflective displays, fiber-integrated spectrometers, anticounterfeiting, biological assays, and environmental sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongcheon Bae
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Chanbin Yoo
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Kim
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jinhyuck Ahn
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
| | - Ho Hyung Sim
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
| | - Je Hyeong Kim
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
| | - Seog-Young Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Seung Kwon Seol
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Pyo
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
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15
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Zhang W, Tian H, Liu T, Liu H, Zhao F, Li X, Wang C, Chen X, Shao J. Chameleon-inspired active tunable structural color based on smart skin with multi-functions of structural color, sensing and actuation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:2024-2034. [PMID: 36942615 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tunable structural color has many potential applications in artificial camouflage, mechanical sensors, etc. Despite the extensive efforts to develop efficient tunable structural color, there is still a wide gap between the existing "passive" tuning methods and the "active" strategy found on organisms such as chameleons that can change color according to the environment. Inspired by the active tunable color system of chameleons, we propose a smart skin comprising a nanoscale hole array of photonic crystals, carbon nanotube coatings, and liquid crystal elastomers, to integrate multiple functions, i.e., structural color tunability, sensing, and actuation, in one structure. The smart skin was further coupled with an image acquisition unit (which mimics eyes to obtain colors from the environment) and a controller (which mimics the brain to process the signals transmitted from the image acquisition unit to the smart skin), to construct an active tunable structural color system. The proposed system autonomously modulates the color according to the environmental color. To validate the color tuning, color scanning from red to green to blue or vice versa is demonstrated in this work, which could certainly open up new paths to create active tunable structural color systems, and thus, push the development of structural color-based devices and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitian Zhang
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Tianci Liu
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Haoran Liu
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Fabo Zhao
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Xiangming Li
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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16
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Lee M, Kim G, Jung Y, Pyun KR, Lee J, Kim BW, Ko SH. Photonic structures in radiative cooling. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:134. [PMID: 37264035 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling is a passive cooling technology without any energy consumption, compared to conventional cooling technologies that require power sources and dump waste heat into the surroundings. For decades, many radiative cooling studies have been introduced but its applications are mostly restricted to nighttime use only. Recently, the emergence of photonic technologies to achieves daytime radiative cooling overcome the performance limitations. For example, broadband and selective emissions in mid-IR and high reflectance in the solar spectral range have already been demonstrated. This review article discusses the fundamentals of thermodynamic heat transfer that motivates radiative cooling. Several photonic structures such as multilayer, periodical, random; derived from nature, and associated design procedures were thoroughly discussed. Photonic integration with new functionality significantly enhances the efficiency of radiative cooling technologies such as colored, transparent, and switchable radiative cooling applications has been developed. The commercial applications such as reducing cooling loads in vehicles, increasing the power generation of solar cells, generating electricity, saving water, and personal thermal regulation are also summarized. Lastly, perspectives on radiative cooling and emerging issues with potential solution strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Lee
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Electronic Device Research Team, Hyundai Motor Group, 37, Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16082, South Korea
| | - Gwansik Kim
- E-drive Materials Research Team, Hyundai Motor Group, 37, Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16082, South Korea
| | - Yeongju Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Pyun
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Kim
- E-drive Materials Research Team, Hyundai Motor Group, 37, Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16082, South Korea.
- Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD)/Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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17
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George K, Esmaeili M, Wang J, Taheri-Qazvini N, Abbaspourrad A, Sadati M. 3D printing of responsive chiral photonic nanostructures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220032120. [PMID: 36917662 PMCID: PMC10041133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220032120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Finely controlled flow forces in extrusion-based additive manufacturing can be exploited to program the self-assembly of malleable nanostructures in soft materials by integrating bottom-up design into a top-down processing approach. Here, we leverage the processing parameters offered by direct ink-writing (DIW) to reconfigure the photonic chiral nematic liquid crystalline phase in hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) solutions prior to deposition on the writing substrate to direct structural evolution from a particular initial condition. Moreover, we incorporate polyethylene glycol (PEG) into iridescent HPC inks to form a physically cross-linked network capable of inducing kinetic arrest of the cholesteric/chiral pitch at length scales that selectively reflect light throughout the visible spectrum. Based on thorough rheological measurements, we have found that printing the chiral inks at a shear rate where HPC molecules adopt pseudonematic state results in uniform chiral recovery following flow cessation and enhanced optical properties in the solid state. Printing chiral inks at high shear rates, on the other hand, shifts the monochromatic appearance of the extruded filaments to a highly angle-dependent state, suggesting a preferred orientation of the chiral domains. The optical response of these filaments when exposed to mechanical deformation can be used in the development of optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle George
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208
| | - Mohsen Esmaeili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14850
| | - Nader Taheri-Qazvini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14850
| | - Monirosadat Sadati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208
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18
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Wu F, Liu T, Xiao S. Polarization-sensitive photonic bandgaps in hybrid one-dimensional photonic crystals composed of all-dielectric elliptical metamaterials and isotropic dielectrics. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:706-713. [PMID: 36821275 DOI: 10.1364/ao.480083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photonic bandgaps (PBGs) in conventional one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystals (PhCs) composed of isotropic dielectrics are polarization-insensitive since the optical length within a isotropic dielectric layer is polarization-independent. Herein, we realize polarization-sensitive PBGs in hybrid 1-D PhCs composed of all-dielectric elliptical metamaterials (EMMs) and isotropic dielectrics. Based on the Bragg scattering theory and iso-frequency curve analysis, an analytical model is established to characterize the angle dependence of PBGs under transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarizations. The polarization-dependent property of PBGs can be flexibly controlled by the filling ratio of one of the isotropic dielectrics within all-dielectric EMMs. Assisted by the polarization-sensitive PBGs, high-performance polarization selectivity can be achieved. Our work offers a loss-free platform to achieve polarization-sensitive physical phenomena and optical devices.
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19
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Mahmoud DB, Schulz-Siegmund M. Utilizing 4D Printing to Design Smart Gastroretentive, Esophageal, and Intravesical Drug Delivery Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202631. [PMID: 36571721 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The breakthrough of 3D printing in biomedical research has paved the way for the next evolutionary step referred to as four dimensional (4D) printing. This new concept utilizes the time as the fourth dimension in addition to the x, y, and z axes with the idea to change the configuration of a printed construct with time usually in response to an external stimulus. This can be attained through the incorporation of smart materials or through a preset smart design. The 4D printed constructs may be designed to exhibit expandability, flexibility, self-folding, self-repair or deformability. This review focuses on 4D printed devices for gastroretentive, esophageal, and intravesical delivery. The currently unmet needs and challenges for these application sites are tried to be defined and reported on published solution concepts involving 4D printing. In addition, other promising application sites that may similarly benefit from 4D printing approaches such as tracheal and intrauterine drug delivery are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina B Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority, 12311, Giza, Egypt
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Ghosh S, Chaudhuri S, Roy P, Lahiri D. 4D Printing in Biomedical Engineering: a State-of-the-Art Review of Technologies, Biomaterials, and Application. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Continuous resin refilling and hydrogen bond synergistically assisted 3D structural color printing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7095. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract3D photonic crystals (PCs) have attracted extensive attention due to their unique optical properties. However, fabricating 3D PCs structure by 3D printing colloidal particles is limited by control of assembly under a fast-printing speed. Here, we employ continuous digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing strategy with hydrogen bonds assisted colloidal inks for fabricating well-assembled 3D PCs structures. Stable dispersion of colloidal particles inside UV-curable system induced by hydrogen bonding and suction force induced by continuous curing manner cooperatively realize the simultaneous macroscopic printing and microscopic particle assembly, which endows volumetric color property. Structural color can be well regulated by controlling the particle diameter and printing speed, through which various complex 3D structures with desired structural color distribution and optical light-guide properties are acquired. This 3D color construction approach shows great potential in customized jewelry accessories, decoration and optical device preparation, and will innovate the development of structural color.
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22
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Yu YG, Ko JH, An JH, Kang BG, Song YM, Lee JS. Self-assembly of POSS-Polystyrene Bottlebrush Block Copolymers on an Angle-Robust Selective Absorber for Enhancing the Purity of Reflective Structural Color. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44753-44761. [PMID: 36075087 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach for improving color purity is explored by the introduction of an angle-robust selective absorber (ARSA) into bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP)-based one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs). The BBCPs of poly[(3-(12-(cis-5-norbornene-exo-2,3-dicarboximido)dodecanoylamino)propyl POSS)-block-(norbornene-graft-styrene)], Px (x = 1-4), with ultrahigh molecular weights (Mn ∼ 2260 kDa) and low dispersities (D̵ ∼ 1.07) are synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The 1D PCs of the lamellar structure are fabricated by self-assembly of the BBCP with different periodicities for full color-generation (blue, green, and red). The optically tailored substrate (i.e., ARSA) is used to modulate the spectral line shape with selective absorption in the near-infrared range. Optical simulation proposes the optimized 1D PC structures on the ARSA, and it provides the reproducibility of the predictable color. The simulated structures are well matched with the experimental results, verifying the enhancement of color saturation even at various incident angles (0-70°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Ko
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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23
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Yu R, Cao Y, Chen K, Li Y, Liu W, Li B, Li H, Yang Y. Light Intensity-Selective Photopolymerization and Photoisomerization for Creating Colorful Polymer-Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Patterns. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38228-38234. [PMID: 35960859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (PSCLC) films have been widely studied for their application as sensors, polarizers, and reflective windows. However, the preparation of programmable and colorful patterns based on the structural color is still challenging. Herein, the photochromic CLC mixtures were prepared by adding a photoisomerizable chiral additive (CA) and a photoinitiator in the nematic liquid crystal LC242. Under UV irradiation with weak intensity, photoisomerization of the CA was carried out and photopolymerization was suppressed by oxygen inhibition. With extending the irradiation time, the helical pitch of the CLC film increased and the selective Bragg reflection band tended to redshift. Under strong UV irradiation, oxygen inhibition was overcome and photopolymerization dominates the reaction. Therefore, the colorful-patterned PSCLC films were able to be prepared using masks. The results shown here not only give us a better understanding of the effect of oxygen inhibition but also lay the foundations for practical applications such as decoration and optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runwei Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Cao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Baozong Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongkun Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yonggang Yang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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24
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Zhang J, Qin Y, Ou Y, Shen Y, Tang B, Zhang X, Yu Z. Injectable Granular Hydrogels as Colloidal Assembly Microreactors for Customized Structural Colored Objects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206339. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yipeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- Cambridge University-Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation 126 Dingshan Street Nanjing 210046 P. R. China
| | - Yangteng Ou
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Bao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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25
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Three-dimensional printing of photonic colloidal glasses into objects with isotropic structural color. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4397. [PMID: 35906208 PMCID: PMC9338281 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural color is frequently exploited by living organisms for biological functions and has also been translated into synthetic materials as a more durable and less hazardous alternative to conventional pigments. Additive manufacturing approaches were recently exploited for the fabrication of exquisite photonic objects, but the angle-dependence observed limits a broader application of structural color in synthetic systems. Here, we propose a manufacturing platform for the 3D printing of complex-shaped objects that display isotropic structural color generated from photonic colloidal glasses. Structurally colored objects are printed from aqueous colloidal inks containing monodisperse silica particles, carbon black, and a gel-forming copolymer. Rheology and Small-Angle-X-Ray-Scattering measurements are performed to identify the processing conditions leading to printed objects with tunable structural colors. Multimaterial printing is eventually used to create complex-shaped objects with multiple structural colors using silica and carbon as abundant and sustainable building blocks. There is a growing interest in mimicking structural color in natural systems aiming for sustainable and long-lasting color. Here the authors report a platform for three-dimensional printing assembly of colloidal particles of silica and carbon that have programmable structural color.
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26
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Zhang J, Qin Y, Ou Y, Shen Y, Tang B, Zhang X, Yu Z. Injectable Granular Hydrogels as Colloidal Assembly Microreactors for Customized Structural Colored Objects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Nanjing Tech University College of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yipeng Qin
- Nanjing Tech University College of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yangteng Ou
- University of Cambridge Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Yu Shen
- Nanjing Tech University College of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Bao Tang
- Nanjing Tech University College of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- University of Cambridge Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ziyi Yu
- University of Cambridge Department of Chemistry Lensfield road Cambridge UNITED KINGDOM
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27
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Kulkarni AA, Doerk GS. Thin film block copolymer self-assembly for nanophotonics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:292001. [PMID: 35358955 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nanophotonic engineering of light-matter interactions has profoundly changed research behind the design and fabrication of optical materials and devices. Metasurfaces-arrays of subwavelength nanostructures that interact resonantly with electromagnetic radiation-have emerged as an integral nanophotonic platform for a new generation of ultrathin lenses, displays, polarizers and other devices. Their success hinges on advances in lithography and nanofabrication in recent decades. While existing nanolithography techniques are suitable for basic research and prototyping, issues of cost, throughput, scalability, and substrate compatibility may preclude their use for many metasurface applications. Patterning via spontaneous self-assembly of block copolymer thin films offers an enticing alternative for nanophotonic manufacturing that is rapid, inexpensive, and applicable to large areas and diverse substrates. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of block copolymer-based nanopatterning and highlights recent progress in their use for broadband antireflection, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and other nanophotonic applications. Recent advances in diversification of self-assembled block copolymer nanopatterns and improved processes for enhanced scalability of self-assembled nanopatterning using block copolymers are also discussed, with a spotlight on directions for future research that would enable a wider array of nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish A Kulkarni
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Gregory S Doerk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
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28
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Yuan T, Li Y, Song DP. Interfacial Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Core-Shell Bottlebrush Block Copolymers Toward Responsive Photonic Balls Bearing Ionic Channels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200188. [PMID: 35436806 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Photonic balls can be facilely obtained through interfacial self-assembly of amphiphilic bottlebrush block polymers (BBCPs) within a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) multiple emulsion system, and polystyrene (PS) has been employed as the skeleton of the balls showing no responsive properties. Here, we demonstrate the design and synthesis of core-shell BBCPs with a poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-block-polystyrene (PtBA-b-PS) block copolymer as the hydrophobic side chains and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the hydrophilic block. Interfacial self-assembly of the core-shell BBCPs within shrinking droplets produces porous microspheres with full-spectrum structural colors through an organized spontaneous emulsification (OSE) process. The PtBA core wrapped by PS in the skeleton of the balls can be converted into polyacrylic acid (PAA) forming an ionic channel responsive to pH variations. Consequently, the hydrolyzed photonic balls show different colors under different pH conditions dependent on varied degrees of ionization and hydration of the PAA channel. Reflected colors can be verified using an optical spectrometer, providing an effective strategy for precise pH indication. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Dong-Po Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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29
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Isozaki Y, Higashiharaguchi S, Kaenko N, Yamazaki S, Taniguchi T, Takashi K, Ueda Y, Motokawa R. Polymer Photonic Crystals Prepared by Triblock Copolymerization-Induced in situ Microphase Separation. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Isozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Seiya Higashiharaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Naoya Kaenko
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shun Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Karatsu Takashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Ueda
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Motokawa
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
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30
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Lyu Q, Li M, Zhang L, Zhu J. Bioinspired Supramolecular Photonic Composites: Construction and Emerging Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100867. [PMID: 35255176 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Natural organisms have evolved fascinating structural colors to survive in complex natural environments. Artificial photonic composites developed by imitating the structural colors of organisms have been applied in displaying, sensing, biomedicine, and many other fields. As emerging materials, photonic composites mediated by supramolecular chemistry, namely, supramolecular photonic composites, have been designed and constructed to meet emerging application needs and challenges. This feature article mainly introduces the constructive strategies, properties, and applications of supramolecular photonic composites. First, constructive strategies of supramolecular photonic composites are summarized, including the introduction of supramolecular polymers into colloidal photonic array templates, co-assembly of colloidal particles (CPs) with supramolecular polymers, self-assembly of soft CPs, and compounding photonic elastomers with functional substances via supramolecular interactions. Supramolecular interactions endow photonic composites with attractive properties, such as stimuli-responsiveness and healability. Subsequently, the unique optical and mechanical properties of supramolecular photonic composites are summarized, and their applications in emerging fields, such as colorful coatings, real-time and visual motion monitoring, and biochemical sensors, are introduced. Finally, challenges and perspectives in supramolecular photonic composites are discussed. This feature article provides general strategies and considerations for the design of photonic materials based on supramolecular chemistry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanqian Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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31
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32
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Liu C, Chen C, Tu C, Hung S, Chao C. Structure colorants based on cross‐linked cholesteric liquid crystalline polymeric slices. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Yen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan City Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Chieh Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan City Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Ming Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan City Taiwan
| | - Sheng‐Chi Hung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan City Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Hui Chao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan City Taiwan
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33
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Liu T, Liu T, Gao F, Glotzer SC, Solomon MJ. Structural Color Spectral Response of Dense Structures of Discoidal Particles Generated by Evaporative Assembly. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1315-1324. [PMID: 35112869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural color─optical response due to light diffraction or scattering from submicrometer-scale structures─is a promising means for sustainable coloration. To expand the functionality of structural color, we introduce discoidal shape anisotropy into colloidal particles and characterize how structural color reflection can be engineered. Uniaxial compression of spheres is used to prepare discoids with varying shape anisotropy and particle size. Discoids are assembled into thin films by evaporation. We find that structural color of assembled films displays components due to diffuse backscattering and multilayer reflection. As discoids become more anisotropic, the assembled structure is more disordered. The multilayer reflection is suppressed─peak height becomes smaller and peak width broader; thus, the color is predominantly from diffuse backscattering. Finally, the discoid structural color can be tuned by varying particle size and has low dependence on viewing angle. We corroborate our results by comparing experimental microstructures and measured reflection spectra with Monte Carlo simulations and calculated spectra by finite-difference time-domain simulation. Our findings demonstrate that the two tunable geometries of discoids─size and aspect ratio─generate different effects on spectral response and therefore can function as independent design parameters that expand possibilities for producing noniridescent structural color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liu
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fengyi Gao
- Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sharon C Glotzer
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Michael J Solomon
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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34
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Ma H, Ha S, Jeong J, Wang V, Kim KT. Synthesis of discrete bottlebrush polymers via the iterative convergent growth technique and post-functionalization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of discrete bottlebrush polymers (Step 1: Iterative convergent growth. Step 2: Post-functionalization using thiol–ene click chemistry.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sungmin Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jisu Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Valene Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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35
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Bobrin VA, Lee K, Zhang J, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Nanostructure Control in 3D Printed Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107643. [PMID: 34742167 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no straightforward methods to 3D print materials with nanoscale control over morphological and functional properties. Here, a novel approach for the fabrication of materials with controlled nanoscale morphologies using a rapid and commercially available Digital Light Processing 3D printing technique is demonstrated. This process exploits reversible deactivation radical polymerization to control the in-situ-polymerization-induced microphase separation of 3D printing resins, which provides materials with complex architectures controllable from the macro- to nanoscale, resulting in the preparation of materials with enhanced mechanical properties. This method does not require specialized equipment or process conditions and thus represents an important development in the production of advanced materials via additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin A Bobrin
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kenny Lee
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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36
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Li Z, Wang X, Han L, Zhu C, Xin H, Yin Y. Multicolor Photonic Pigments for Rotation-Asymmetric Mechanochromic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107398. [PMID: 34710254 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystals are extensively explored to replace inorganic pigments and organic dyes as coloring elements in printing, painting, sensing, and anti-counterfeiting due to their brilliant structural colors, chemical stability, and environmental friendliness. However, most existing photonic-crystal-based pigments can only display monochromatic colors once made, and generating multicolors has to start with designing different building blocks. Here, a novel photonic pigment featuring highly tunable structural colors in the entire visible spectrum, made by the magnetic assembly of monodisperse nanorods into body-centered-tetragonal photonic crystals, is reported. Their prominent magnetic and crystal anisotropy makes it efficient to generate multicolors using one photonic pigment by magnetically controlling the crystal orientation. Further, the combination of angle-dependent diffraction and magnetic orientation control enables the design of rotation-asymmetric photonic films that display distinct patterns and encrypted information in response to rotation. The efficient multicolor generation through precise orientational control makes this novel photonic pigment promising in developing high-performance structural-colored materials and optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Lili Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Huolin Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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37
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Tselikos G, Rasul S, Groen P, Li C, Khaliq J. In Situ Printing and Functionalization of Hybrid Polymer-Ceramic Composites Using a Commercial 3D Printer and Dielectrophoresis-A Novel Conceptual Design. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3979. [PMID: 34833278 PMCID: PMC8622328 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing-based additive manufacturing has emerged as a new frontier in materials science, with applications in the production of functionalized polymeric-based hybrid composites for various applications. In this work, a novel conceptual design was conceived in which an AC electric field was integrated into a commercial 3D printer (-based fused filament fabrication (FFF) working principle) to in situ manufacture hybrid composites having aligned ceramic filler particles. For this work, the thermoplastic poly lactic acid (PLA) was used as a polymer matrix while 10 vol% KNLN (K0.485Na0.485Li0.03NbO3) ceramic particles were chosen as a filler material. The degree of alignment of the ceramic powders depended upon print speed, printing temperature and distance between electrodes. At 210 °C and a 1 kV/mm applied electric field, printed samples showed nearly complete alignment of ceramic particles in the PLA matrix. This research shows that incorporating electric field sources into 3D printing processes would result in in situ ceramic particle alignment while preserving the other benefits of 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tselikos
- Novel Aerospace Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands;
| | - Shahid Rasul
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
| | - Pim Groen
- Novel Aerospace Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands;
| | - Chunchun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China;
| | - Jibran Khaliq
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
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38
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Jaiswal A, Rani S, Singh GP, Hassan M, Nasrin A, Gomes VG, Saxena S, Shukla S. Additive-Free All-Carbon Composite: A Two-Photon Material System for Nanopatterning of Fluorescent Sub-Wavelength Structures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14193-14206. [PMID: 34435496 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The major bottleneck in fabrication of engineered 3D nanostructures is the choice of materials. Adding functionality to these nanostructures is a daunting task. In order to mitigate these issues, we report a two-photon patternable all carbon material system which can be used to fabricate fluorescent 3D micro/nanostructures using two-photon lithography, with subwavelength resolution. The synthesized material system eliminates the need to use conventional two-photon absorbing materials such as two-photon dyes or two-photon initiators. We have used two different trifunctional acrylate monomers and carbon dots, synthesized hydrothermally from a polyphenolic precursor, to formulate a two-photon processable resin. Upon two-photon excitation, photogenerated electrons in the excited states of the carbon dots facilitate the free radical formation at the surface of the carbon dots. These radicals, upon interaction with vinyl moieties, enable cross-linking of acrylate monomers. Free-radical induced two-photon polymerization of acrylate monomers without any conventional proprietary two-photon absorbing materials was accomplished at an ultrafine subwavelength resolution of 250 nm using 800 nm laser excitation. The effect of critical parameters such as average laser power, carbon dot concentration, and radiation exposure were determined for the fabrication of one-, two-, and three-dimensional functional nanostructures, applicable in a range of domains where fluorescence and toxicity are of the utmost importance. A fabrication speed as high as 100 mm/s was achieved. The ability to fabricate functional 3D micro-/nanostructures is anticipated to instigate a paradigm shift in various areas such as metamaterials, energy storage, drug delivery, and optoelectronics to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Jaiswal
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sweta Rani
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay-Monash Research Academy, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Pratap Singh
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahbub Hassan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Aklima Nasrin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Vincent G Gomes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Saxena
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay-Monash Research Academy, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shobha Shukla
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay-Monash Research Academy, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
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Moriceau G, Kilchoer C, Djeghdi K, Weder C, Steiner U, Wilts BD, Gunkel I. Photonic Particles Made by the Confined Self-Assembly of a Supramolecular Comb-Like Block Copolymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100522. [PMID: 34523759 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Approaches that enable the preparation of robust polymeric photonic particles are of interest for the development of nonfading and highly reflective pigments for applications such as paints and display technologies. Here, the preparation of photonic particles that display structural color in both, aqueous suspension and the dry solid state is reported. This is achieved by exploiting the confined self-assembly of a supramolecular comb-like block copolymer (BCP) that microphase separates into a well-ordered lamellar morphology with dimensions that promote a photonic bandgap in the visible range. The comb-like BCP is formed by robust ionic interactions between poly(styrene-b-4-vinyl-pyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) BCP and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), which selectively interacts with P4VP blocks. The components are combined in chloroform, and an aqueous emulsion is prepared. Evaporation of the organic solvent leads to the formation of solid microparticles with an onion-like 3D morphology. These photonic pigments display brilliant colors with reflectance spectra featuring pronounced optical bandgaps across the entire visible wavelength range with a peak reflectivity of 80-90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Moriceau
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Kilchoer
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Kenza Djeghdi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Bodo D Wilts
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Ilja Gunkel
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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40
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Liu Y, Fan Q, Zhu G, Shi G, Ma H, Li W, Wu T, Chen J, Yin Y, Guan J. A dual responsive photonic liquid for independent modulation of color brightness and hue. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2032-2040. [PMID: 34846480 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Responsive chromic materials are highly desirable in the fields of displays, anti-counterfeiting, and camouflage, but their advanced applications are usually limited by the unrealized delicate and independent tunability of their three intrinsic attributes of color. This work achieves the separate, continuous, and reversible modulation of structural color brightness and hue with an aqueous suspension of dual-responsive Fe3O4@polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)@poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) flexible photonic nanochains. The underlying modulation mechanism of color brightness was experimentally and numerically deciphered by analyzing the morphological responses to stimuli. When an increasing magnetic field was applied, the random worm-like flexible photonic nanochains gradually orientated along the field direction, due to the dominant magnetic dipole interaction over the thermal motion, lengthening the orientation segment length up to the whole of the nanochains. Consequently, the suspension displays increased color brightness (characterized by diffraction intensity). Meanwhile, the color hue (characterized by diffraction frequency) could be controlled by temperature, due to the volume changes of the interparticle PNIPAM. The achieved diverse color modulation advances the next-generation responsive chromic materials and enriches the basic understanding of the color tuning mechanisms. With versatile and facile color tunability and shape patterning, the developed responsive chromic liquid promises to have attractive potential in full-color displays and in adaptive camouflages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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41
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Sicher A, Ganz R, Menzel A, Messmer D, Panzarasa G, Feofilova M, Prum RO, Style RW, Saranathan V, Rossi RM, Dufresne ER. Structural color from solid-state polymerization-induced phase separation. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5772-5779. [PMID: 34027537 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00210d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors are produced by wavelength-dependent scattering of light from nanostructures. While living organisms often exploit phase separation to directly assemble structurally colored materials from macromolecules, synthetic structural colors are typically produced in a two-step process involving the sequential synthesis and assembly of building blocks. Phase separation is attractive for its simplicity, but applications are limited due to a lack of robust methods for its control. A central challenge is to arrest phase separation at the desired length scale. Here, we show that solid-state polymerization-induced phase separation can produce stable structures at optical length scales. In this process, a polymeric solid is swollen and softened with a second monomer. During its polymerization, the two polymers become immiscible and phase separate. As free monomer is depleted, the host matrix resolidifies and arrests coarsening. The resulting polymeric composites have a blue or white appearance. We compare these biomimetic nanostructures to those in structurally-colored feather barbs, and demonstrate the flexibility of this approach by producing structural color in filaments and large sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sicher
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Rabea Ganz
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Menzel
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Messmer
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Panzarasa
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Feofilova
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Richard O Prum
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robert W Style
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | - René M Rossi
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Eric R Dufresne
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Gupta R, Misra M, Zhang W, Mukhtyar A, Gido SP, Ribbe A, Escobedo FA, Coughlin EB. Topological Frustration as a New Parameter to Tune Morphology Revealed through Exploring the Continuum between A-B-C 3-Arm Star and Linear Triblock Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gupta
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-4530, United States
| | - Mayank Misra
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-4530, United States
| | - Ankita Mukhtyar
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Samuel P. Gido
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-4530, United States
| | - Alexander Ribbe
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-4530, United States
| | - Fernando A. Escobedo
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - E. Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-4530, United States
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43
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Filatov DA, Govorun EN. Microphase separation in the melts of diblock copolymers with amphiphilic blocks. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:90-101. [PMID: 33150920 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of graft diblock copolymers is an actual topic in the development of materials with desirable properties. In the paper, microphase separation in a melt of the diblock copolymer with amphiphilic and non-amphiphilic blocks is investigated using the analytical theory in the strong segregation approximation. Non-amphiphilic blocks are strongly immiscible with the backbone chains of amphiphilic ones but miscible with their side chains. In the theory, the amphiphilic units are considered as dimers, which can easily orient at interfaces. In the case of weakly amphiphilic dimers, the interfacial tension at a flat interface is calculated using density-functional theory. The amphiphilicity effect leads to a decrease in the surface tension and, hence, to weakening of the block stretching and decrease of the spatial period of the structure. In the case of strongly amphiphilic dimers, the phase diagrams are calculated taking into account basic morphological types (spheres and inverse spheres of amphiphilic blocks, cylinders and inverse cylinders, and lamellae). If the amphiphilicity effects dominate, the characteristic size of the amphiphilic block domain is equal to the side chain length, spherical and cylindrical micelles are formed only at very low fractions of the amphiphilic blocks, the lamellae are formed at slightly larger factions, and the micelles from non-amphiphilic blocks are separated by thin interconnected layers from amphiphilic blocks in the broad range of compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Filatov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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44
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Sunday DF, Dolejsi M, Chang AB, Richter LJ, Li R, Kline RJ, Nealey PF, Grubbs RH. Confinement and Processing Can Alter the Morphology and Periodicity of Bottlebrush Block Copolymers in Thin Films. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17476-17486. [PMID: 33225683 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs) are intriguing architectural variations on linear BCPs with highly tunable structure. Confinement can have a significant impact on polymer assembly, giving rise to changes in morphology, assembly kinetics, and properties like the glass transition. Given that confinement leads to significant changes in the persistence length of bottlebrush homopolymers, it is reasonable to expect that BBCPs will see significant changes in their structure and periodicity relative to the bulk morphology. Understanding how confinement influences assembly will be important for designing BBCPs for thin film applications including membranes, integrated photonic structures, and potentially BCP lithography. In order to study the effects of confinement on BBCP conformation and morphology, a blade coating was used to prepare films with continuous variation in film thickness. Unlike thin films of linear BCPs, islands/holes were not observed, and instead mixtures of parallel and perpendicular morphologies emerge after annealing. The lamellar periodicity (L0) of the morphologies is found to be thickness dependent, increasing L0 with decreasing film thickness for blade coated films. Films coated out of tetrahydrofuran (THF) resulted in a single well-defined lamellar periodicity, verified through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), which increases dramatically from the bulk value (30.6 nm) and continues to increase as the film thickness decreases. The largest observed L0 was 65.5 nm, and this closely approaches the estimated upper limit of 67 nm corresponding to a fully extended backbone in a bilayer arrangement. Films coated out of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA) resulted in a mixture of perpendicular lamellae and a smaller, likely cylindrical morphology. The lamellar portion of the film shows the same thickness dependence as the lamellae observed in the THF coated films. The scaling of the lamellar L0 with respect to film thickness follows predictions for confined semiflexible polymers with weak excluded volume interactions and can be related to models for confinement of DNA. Spin coated films shows the same reduction in periodicity, although at very different film thicknesses. This result suggests that the material has shallow free-energy barriers to transitioning between different L0 and morphologies, a property that could be taken advantage of for patterning diverse structures with a single material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Sunday
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Moshe Dolejsi
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alice B Chang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lee J Richter
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - R Joseph Kline
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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45
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Gadelrab KR, Alexander-Katz A. Effect of Molecular Architecture on the Self-Assembly of Bottlebrush Copolymers. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11519-11529. [PMID: 33267586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of a new architecture of bottlebrush copolymers (BBCPs) self-assembly were studied using self-consistent field theory. In this molecule, a series of AB linear diblock side chains were connected at the diblock junction using a C backbone. The control over the linker length and its chemical nature created an additional constraint on the intrinsic AB diblock microphase separation. Increasing side-chain crowding by increasing the grafting density and total degree of polymerization induced improved phase separation. This was reflected in the overall reduction in the effective interaction parameter between the diblocks as well as the abrupt increase in phase density when crossing the order-disorder transition. Side-chain crowding resulted in an increase in the equilibrium domain spacing compared to a linear diblock. On the other hand, the localization of block C at the AB interface generated a diffuse domain boundary and reduction in side-chain stretching. The unique behavior of BBCPs was observed in 1D confined systems where the molecule showed the natural tendency to orient domains parallel to neutral confinement in contrast to the behavior of confined diblocks. Such behavior largely depended on the degree of incompatibility between the AB blocks and BBCP structure. A ternary phase diagram was constructed for different proportions of each block. Rich morphologies of core-shell domains and tiling patterns were observed including octagonal and pentagonal polygons. The unique architecture of this bottlebrush molecule and its improved nanoscale properties make it an attractive candidate for various applications of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim R Gadelrab
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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46
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Boyle BM, Collins JL, Mensch TE, Ryan MD, Newell BS, Miyake GM. Impact of Backbone Composition on Homopolymer Dynamics and Brush Block Copolymer Self-Assembly. Polym Chem 2020; 11:7147-7158. [PMID: 33456502 PMCID: PMC7805478 DOI: 10.1039/d0py01007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four series of brush block copolymers (BBCP), with near identical side chain compositions but varying backbone structures, were synthesized to investigate the effect of backbone structure on the process of thermal BBCP self-assembly to photonic crystals (PCs). Each of the self-assembled PC films were examined by reflection measurements, small angle X-ray scattering measurements, and scanning electron microscopy to compare the resulting properties of the polymeric photonic crystal and the nanostructured morphology impacted by the backbone structure. It was found that the composition of the brush backbone within a BBCP has a dramatic effect on the ability of the BBCP to self-assemble into ordered nanostructures and on the local ordering of the nanostructure morphology accessed with higher molecular weight (MW) BBCPs (> 1,500 kg/mol). BBCPs with a norbornene imide-based backbone were able to thermally self-assemble to longer wavelength reflecting PCs and had higher fidelity ordering of lamellar nanostructures with higher MW polymers. By analyzing the melt rheological responses of the backbone compositions, both as linear polymers and homobrush polymers, it was concluded that the inherent fragility of the backbone promotes enhanced local ordering in the lamellar nanostructure morphology as well as access to larger domain sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret M. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Joseph L. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Tara E. Mensch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Matthew D. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brian S. Newell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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47
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Bychanok D, Gorokhov G, Plyushch A, Ronca A, Lavorgna M, Xia H, Lamberti P, Kuzhir P. Terahertz Optics of Materials with Spatially Harmonically Distributed Refractive Index. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225208. [PMID: 33218027 PMCID: PMC7698603 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electromagnetic properties of structures with spatially periodic distributed graded refractive index were investigated in the terahertz frequency range. The band structure and electromagnetic response of material with harmonically distributed refractive index were calculated and analyzed. The analytical expressions for frequencies of the first and second bandgap are derived. 3D printed gyroid based architectures were proven to be harmonically graded refractive index structures with designed bandgaps in THz frequency ranges. The transmission coefficient of thermoplastic polyurethane-based samples were experimentally measured in the frequency range 100–500 GHz and compared with theoretical results. Due to losses in the real world produced samples, the predicted response is significantly dumped in the terahertz range and only traces of band gaps are experimentally observed. This funding paves the way toward a new generation of 3D printed THz components for gradient-index optics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Bychanok
- Research Institute for Nuclear Problems Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (G.G.); (A.P.); (P.K.)
- Radioelectronics Department, Faculty of Radiophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Prospekt, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Gleb Gorokhov
- Research Institute for Nuclear Problems Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (G.G.); (A.P.); (P.K.)
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Artyom Plyushch
- Research Institute for Nuclear Problems Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (G.G.); (A.P.); (P.K.)
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alfredo Ronca
- Institute of Polymer, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via G.PreViati, 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.R.); (M.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Marino Lavorgna
- Institute of Polymer, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via G.PreViati, 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.R.); (M.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Hesheng Xia
- Institute of Polymer, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via G.PreViati, 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.R.); (M.L.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Patrizia Lamberti
- Dept. of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Research Institute for Nuclear Problems Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (G.G.); (A.P.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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48
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Vaz R, Frasco MF, Sales MGF. Photonics in nature and bioinspired designs: sustainable approaches for a colourful world. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5106-5129. [PMID: 36132040 PMCID: PMC9416915 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems possess nanoarchitectures that have evolved for specific purposes and whose ability to modulate the flow of light creates an extraordinary diversity of natural photonic structures. In particular, the striking beauty of the structural colouration observed in nature has inspired technological innovation in many fields. Intense research has been devoted to mimicking the unique vivid colours with newly designed photonic structures presenting stimuli-responsive properties, with remarkable applications in health care, safety and security. This review highlights bioinspired photonic approaches in this context, starting by presenting many appealing examples of structural colours in nature, followed by describing the versatility of fabrication methods and designed coloured structures. A particular focus is given to optical sensing for medical diagnosis, food control and environmental monitoring, which has experienced a significant growth, especially considering the advances in obtaining inexpensive miniaturized systems, more reliability, fast responses, and the use of label-free layouts. Additionally, naturally derived biomaterials and synthetic polymers are versatile and fit many different structural designs that are underlined. Progress in bioinspired photonic polymers and their integration in novel devices is discussed since recent developments have emerged to lift the expectations of smart, flexible, wearable and portable sensors. The discussion is expanded to give emphasis on additional functionalities offered to related biomedical applications and the use of structural colours in new sustainable strategies that could meet the needs of technological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vaz
- BioMark Sensor Research/UC, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University Coimbra Portugal
- BioMark Sensor Research/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto Porto Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University Braga Portugal
| | - Manuela F Frasco
- BioMark Sensor Research/UC, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University Coimbra Portugal
- BioMark Sensor Research/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto Porto Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University Braga Portugal
| | - M Goreti F Sales
- BioMark Sensor Research/UC, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University Coimbra Portugal
- BioMark Sensor Research/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto Porto Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University Braga Portugal
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49
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Schneider L, Lichtenberg G, Vega D, Müller M. Symmetric Diblock Copolymers in Cylindrical Confinement: A Way to Chiral Morphologies? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50077-50095. [PMID: 33079515 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the confinement-induced formation and stability of helix morphologies in lamella-forming AB diblock copolymers via large-scale, particle-based, single-chain-in-mean-field simulations. Such helix structures are rarely observed in bulk or thin films. Structure formation is induced by quenching incompatibility, χN, from a disordered morphology. If the surfaces of the cylindrical confinement do not prefer one component over the other, we observe that stacked lamellae, with their normals along the cylinder axis, are the preferred morphology. Kinetically, this morphology initially forms close to the cylinder surface, whereas the spontaneous, spinodal microphase separation in the cylinder's interior gives rise to a microemulsion-like morphology, riddled with defects and no directional order. Subsequently, the ordered morphology on the cylinder surface progresses inward, pervading the entire volume. In case that the cylindrical pore is only partially filled, the additional confinement along the cylinder axis generally gives rise to incommensurability between the equilibrium spacing of stacked lamellae and the cylinder height. To accommodate this mismatch, the lamella normals will tilt away from the cylinder axis and generate helices of lamellae on the surface of the cylinder. Again, this order progresses from the cylinder surface inward, generating a chiral morphology. Because the spacing between the internal AB interfaces decreases upon approaching the helix center, the concomitant stress results in a decrease in the number of lamellae and the formation of unique dislocation defects. This type of chiral defect morphology is reproducibly formed by the kinetics of structure formation in partly filled cylindrical pores with nonpreferential surfaces and may find applications in photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Schneider
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georg Lichtenberg
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Vega
- Instituto de Fı́sica del Sur (IFISUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Sur, 8000 Bahı́a Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Liu W, Bao L, Liu B, Liu R, Li L, Wu Z. Smart soft photonic dressing toward fast drug release and visualized self-monitoring. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:681-689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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