1
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Lan M, Ren Z, Cheng C, Li G, Yang F. Small extracellular vesicles detection using dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic chip for diagnosis of breast cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116382. [PMID: 38749284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) reflect the genotype and phenotype of original cells and are biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of tumors. Yet, their small size and low density make them difficult to isolate and detect in body fluid samples. This study proposes a novel acDEP-Exo chip filled with transparent micro-beads, which formed a non-uniform electrical field, and finally achieved rapid, sensitive, and tunable sEVs capture and detection. The method requires only 20-50 μL of sample, achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 161 particles/μL, and can detect biomarkers within 13 min. We applied the chip to analyze the two markers of sEV's EpCAM and MUC1 in clinical plasma samples from breast cancer (BC) patients and healthy volunteers and found that the combined evaluation of sEV's biomarkers has extremely high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The present study introduces an alternative approach to sEVs isolation and detection, has a great potential in real-time sEVs-based liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ze Ren
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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2
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Lopez Baltazar JM, Gu W, Bocková M, Yu Q. Immunoassays for Extracellular Vesicle Detection via Transmembrane Proteins Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3594-3603. [PMID: 38912608 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are preeminent carriers of biomarkers and have become the subject of intense biomedical research for medical diagnostics using biosensors. To create effective EV-based immunoassays, it is imperative to develop surface chemistry approaches with optimal EV detection targeting transmembrane protein biomarkers that are not affected by cell-to-cell variability. Here, we developed a series of immunoassays for the detection of EVs derived from mouse monocyte cells using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors. We chemically immobilized antibodies onto mixed self-assembled monolayers of oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) alkanethiolates with carboxylic and hydroxylic terminal groups. The effects of antibody clonality (monoclonal vs polyclonal) and antibody surface coverage in targeting EVs via CD81 tetraspanins were investigated. We determined binding kinetic parameters, establishing trends from steric hindrance effects and epitope recognition properties of antibodies. Our results indicate that a 40% surface coverage of polyclonal antibodies covalently linked onto a mixed SAM with 10% of terminated -COOH groups yields a promising approach for EV detection with a linear range of 1.9 × 108-1.9 × 109 EVs/mL and a limit of detection of 5.9 × 106 EVs/mL. This optimal immunoassay exhibits a 1.92 nM equilibrium dissociation constant for bound EVs, suggesting a high binding affinity when CD81 is targeted. Our study provides important insights into surface chemistry development for EV detection targeted via transmembrane protein biomarkers using antibodies, which has promising applications for disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Lopez Baltazar
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Markéta Bocková
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, AS CR Chaberská57, Prague 182 51, Czech Republic
| | - Qiuming Yu
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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3
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Gustafson KT, Sayar Z, Modestino A, Le HH, Gower A, Civitci F, Esener SC, Heller MJ, Eksi SE. Oligo cyc-DEP: On-chip cyclic immunofluorescence profiling of cell-derived nanoparticles. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 39049673 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
We present a follow-on technique for the cyclic-immunofluorescence profiling of suspension particles isolated using dielectrophoresis. The original lab-on-chip technique ("cyc-DEP" [cyclic immunofluorescent imaging on dielectrophoretic chip]) was designed for the multiplex surveillance of circulating biomarkers. Nanoparticles were collected from low-volume liquid biopsies using microfluidic dielectrophoretic chip technology. Subsequent rounds of cyclic immunofluorescent labeling and quenching were imaged and quantified with a custom algorithm to detect multiple proteins. While cyc-DEP improved assay multiplicity, long runtimes threatened its clinical adoption. Here, we modify the original cyc-DEP platform to reduce assay runtimes. Nanoparticles were formulated from human prostate adenocarcinoma cells and collected using dielectrophoresis. Three proteins were labeled on-chip with a mixture of short oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies. The sample was then incubated with complementary fluorophore-conjugated oligonucleotides, which were dehybridized using an ethylene carbonate buffer after each round of imaging. Oligonucleotide removal exhibited an average quenching efficiency of 98 ± 3% (n = 12 quenching events), matching the original cyc-DEP platform. The presented "oligo cyc-DEP" platform achieved clinically relevant sample-to-answer times, reducing the duration for three rounds of cyclic immunolabeling from approximately 20 to 6.5 h-a 67% decrease attributed to rapid fluorophore removal and the consolidated co-incubation of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Gustafson
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zeynep Sayar
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Augusta Modestino
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hillary H Le
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Austin Gower
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Fehmi Civitci
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sadik C Esener
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael J Heller
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sebnem Ece Eksi
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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4
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Liu L, Cui J, Chen P, Fatima Z, Xing Y, Liu H, Ren X, Li D. Controllable concentric electric field line distribution for simultaneous separation of DNA. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:464990. [PMID: 38744188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An approach for the controllable separation and concentration of nucleic acid using a circular nonuniform electric field was proposed and developed. Using six different lengths of DNA molecules as standard samples, the distribution of the gradient electric field was increased from the outer circular electrode to the inner rod-shaped electrode, contributing to the migration of DNA molecules at a velocity gradient towards the region with the strongest inner electric field. The DNA molecules were arranged in a distribution of concentric circles that aligned with the distribution of concentric equipotential lines. The concentration of DNA multiplied with the alternation of radius. As a result, this platform allowed simultaneous DNA separation, achieving a resolution range of 1.17-3.03 through an extended electrophoresis time, resulting in enhanced concentration factors of 1.08-6.27. Moreover, the manipulation of the relative height of the inner and outer electrodes enabled precise control over the distribution and the deflection degree of electric field lines, leading to accurate control over DNA deflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Medical College, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Key Laboratory of Agrifood Quality and Safety Evaluation, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jiaxuan Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zakia Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yuhang Xing
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangshan Ren
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Medical College, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Key Laboratory of Agrifood Quality and Safety Evaluation, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
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5
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Yang Z, Wu H, Wang Z, Bian E, Zhao B. The role and application of small extracellular vesicles in glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:229. [PMID: 38951882 PMCID: PMC11218314 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cell-derived, nanometer-sized particles enclosed by a lipid bilayer. All kinds of biological molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNA, lipids, and metabolites, can be selectively loaded into sEVs and transmitted to recipient cells that are near and distant. Growing shreds of evidence show the significant biological function and the clinical significance of sEVs in cancers. Numerous recent studies have validated that sEVs play an important role in tumor progression and can be utilized to diagnose, stage, grading, and monitor early tumors. In addition, sEVs have also served as drug delivery nanocarriers and cancer vaccines. Although it is still infancy, the field of basic and translational research based on sEVs has grown rapidly. In this review, we summarize the latest research on sEVs in gliomas, including their role in the malignant biological function of gliomas, and the potential of sEVs in non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, i.e., as nanocarriers for drug or gene delivery and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - HaoYuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - ZhiWei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - ErBao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
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6
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Talebian Gevari M, Sahu SS, Stridfeldt F, Hååg P, De Petris L, Viktorsson K, Lewensohn R, Gori A, Cretich M, Dev A. Design and Optimization of a Silicon-Based Electrokinetic Microchip for Sensitive Detection of Small Extracellular Vesicles. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2935-2945. [PMID: 38848141 PMCID: PMC11217933 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Detection of analytes using streaming current has previously been explored using both experimental approaches and theoretical analyses of such data. However, further developments are needed for establishing a viable microchip that can be exploited to deliver a sensitive, robust, and scalable biosensor device. In this study, we demonstrated the fabrication of such a device on silicon wafer using a scalable silicon microfabrication technology followed by characterization and optimization of this sensor for detection of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with sizes in the range of 30 to 200 nm, as determined by nanoparticle tracking analyses. We showed that the sensitivity of the devices, assessed by a common protein-ligand pair and sEVs, significantly outperforms previous approaches using the same principle. Two versions of the microchips, denoted as enclosed and removable-top microchips, were developed and compared, aiming to discern the importance of high-pressure measurement versus easier and better surface preparation capacity. A custom-built chip manifold allowing easy interfacing with standard microfluidic connections was also constructed. By investigating different electrical, fluidic, morphological, and fluorescence measurements, we show that while the enclosed microchip with its robust glass-silicon bonding can withstand higher pressure and thus generate higher streaming current, the removable-top configuration offers several practical benefits, including easy surface preparation, uniform probe conjugation, and improvement in the limit of detection (LoD). We further compared two common surface functionalization strategies and showed that the developed microchip can achieve both high sensitivity for membrane protein profiling and low LoD for detection of sEV detection. At the optimum working condition, we demonstrated that the microchip could detect sEVs reaching an LoD of 104 sEVs/mL (when captured by membrane-sensing peptide (MSP) probes), which is among the lowest in the so far reported microchip-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Talebian Gevari
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, 75 121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Siddharth Sourabh Sahu
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10 691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Stridfeldt
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10 691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Hååg
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Luigi De Petris
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
- Theme
Cancer, Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin Tumors, Thoracic
Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
- Theme
Cancer, Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin Tumors, Thoracic
Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cretich
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Apurba Dev
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, 75 121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10 691 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Aghajanloo B, Hadady H, Ejeian F, Inglis DW, Hughes MP, Tehrani AF, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Biomechanics of circulating cellular and subcellular bioparticles: beyond separation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:331. [PMID: 38886776 PMCID: PMC11181607 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical attributes have emerged as novel markers, providing a reliable means to characterize cellular and subcellular fractions. Numerous studies have identified correlations between these factors and patients' medical status. However, the absence of a thorough overview impedes their applicability in contemporary state-of-the-art therapeutic strategies. In this context, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the dimensions, configuration, rigidity, density, and electrical characteristics of normal and abnormal circulating cells. Subsequently, the discussion broadens to encompass subcellular bioparticles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched either from blood cells or other tissues. Notably, cell sizes vary significantly, from 2 μm for platelets to 25 μm for circulating tumor cells (CTCs), enabling the development of size-based separation techniques, such as microfiltration, for specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Although cellular density is relatively constant among different circulating bioparticles, it allows for reliable density gradient centrifugation to isolate cells without altering their native state. Additionally, variations in EV surface charges (-6.3 to -45 mV) offer opportunities for electrophoretic and electrostatic separation methods. The distinctive mechanical properties of abnormal cells, compared to their normal counterparts, present an exceptional opportunity for diverse medical and biotechnological approaches. This review also aims to provide a holistic view of the current understanding of popular techniques in this domain that transcend conventional boundaries, focusing on early harvesting of malignant cells from body fluids, designing effective therapeutic options, cell targeting, and resonating with tissue and genetic engineering principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Aghajanloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Science, Research and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Hanieh Hadady
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Michael Pycraft Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Shen H, Zheng R, Du M, Christiani DC. Environmental pollutants exposure-derived extracellular vesicles: crucial players in respiratory disorders. Thorax 2024; 79:680-691. [PMID: 38631896 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-221302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual exposure to environmental pollutants, as one of the most influential drivers of respiratory disorders, has received considerable attention due to its preventability and controllability. Considering that the extracellular vesicle (EV) was an emerging intercellular communication medium, recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of environmental pollutants derived EVs (EPE-EVs) in respiratory disorders. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were searched from January 2018 to December 2023 for publications with key words of environmental pollutants, respiratory disorders and EVs. RESULTS Environmental pollutants could disrupt airway intercellular communication by indirectly stimulating airway barrier cells to secrete endogenous EVs, or directly transmitting exogenous EVs, mainly by biological pollutants. Mechanistically, EPE-EVs transferred specific contents to modulate biological functions of recipient cells, to induce respiratory inflammation and impair tissue and immune function, which consequently contributed to the development of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer and infectious lung diseases. Clinically, EVs could emerged as promising biomarkers and biological agents for respiratory diseases attributed by their specificity, convenience, sensibility and stability. CONCLUSIONS Further studies of EPE-EVs are helpful to understand the aetiology and pathology of respiratory diseases, and facilitate the precision respiratory medicine in risk screening, early diagnosis, clinical management and biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Shen
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Departments of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Departments of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Chen M, Pei Z, Wang Y, Song F, Zhong J, Wang C, Ma Y. Small extracellular vesicles' enrichment from biological fluids using an acoustic trap. Analyst 2024; 149:3169-3177. [PMID: 38639189 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a form of extracellular vesicles, are lipid bilayered structures released by all cells. Large-scale studies on sEVs from clinical samples are necessary, but a major obstacle is the lack of rapid, reproducible, efficient, and low-cost methods to enrich sEVs. Acoustic microfluidics have the advantage of being label-free and biocompatible, which have been reported to successfully enrich sEVs. In this paper, we present a highly efficient acoustic microfluidic trap that can offer low and large volume compatible ways of enriching sEVs from biological fluids by flexible structure design. It uses the idea of pre-loading larger seed particles in the acoustic trap to enable sub-micron particle capturing. The microfluidic chip is actuated using a piezoelectric plate transducer attached to a silicon-glass bonding plate with circular cavities. Each cavity works as a resonant unit, excited at the frequency of both the half wave resonance in the main plane and inverted quarter wave resonance in the depth direction, which has the ability to strongly trap seed particles at the center, thereby improving the subsequent nanoparticle capture efficiency. Mean trapping efficiencies of 35.62% and 64.27% were obtained using 60 nm and 100 nm nanobeads, respectively. By the use of this technology, we have successfully enriched sEVs from cell culture conditioned media and blood plasma at a flow rate of 10 μL min-1. The isolated sEV subpopulations are characterized by NTA and TEM, and their protein cargo is determined by WB. This acoustic trapping chip provides a rapid and robust method to enrich sEVs from biofluids with high reproducibility and sufficient quantities. Therefore, it can serve as a new tool for biological and clinical research such as cancer diagnosis and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Feifei Song
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Ce Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Yuting Ma
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
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10
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Bhadra M, Sachan M. An overview of challenges associated with exosomal miRNA isolation toward liquid biopsy-based ovarian cancer detection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30328. [PMID: 38707279 PMCID: PMC11068823 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the deadliest gynaecological cancers, ovarian cancer has been on the list. With lesser-known symptoms and lack of an accurate detection method, it is still difficult to catch it early. In terms of both the diagnosis and outlook for cancer, liquid biopsy has come a long way with significant advancements. Exosomes, extracellular components commonly shed by cancerous cells, are nucleic acid-rich particles floating in almost all body fluids and hold enormous promise, leading to minimallyinvasive molecular diagnostics. They have been shown as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy, being implicated in tumour growth and metastasis. In order to address the drawbacks of ovarian cancer tumor heterogeneity, a liquid biopsy-based approach is being investigated by detecting cell-free nucleic acids, particularly non-coding RNAs, having the advantage of being less invasive and more prominent in nature. microRNAs are known to actively contribute to cancer development and their existence inside exosomes has also been made quite apparent which can be leveraged to diagnose and treat the disease. Extraction of miRNAs and exosomes is an arduous execution, and while other approaches have been investigated, none have produced results that are as encouraging due to limits in time commitment, yield, and, most significantly, damage to the exosomal structure resulting discrepancies in miRNA-based expression profiling for disease diagnosis. We have briefly outlined and reviewed the difficulties with exosome isolation techniques and the need for their standardization. The several widely used procedures and their drawbacks in terms of the exosomal purity they may produce have also been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Bhadra
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology-Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology-Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Chen J, Zheng M, Xiao Q, Wang H, Chi C, Lin T, Wang Y, Yi X, Zhu L. Recent Advances in Microfluidic-Based Extracellular Vesicle Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:630. [PMID: 38793203 PMCID: PMC11122811 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as vital messengers, facilitating communication between cells, and exhibit tremendous potential in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, conventional EV isolation methods are labor-intensive, and they harvest EVs with low purity and compromised recovery. In addition, the drawbacks, such as the limited sensitivity and specificity of traditional EV analysis methods, hinder the application of EVs in clinical use. Therefore, it is urgent to develop effective and standardized methods for isolating and detecting EVs. Microfluidics technology is a powerful and rapidly developing technology that has been introduced as a potential solution for the above bottlenecks. It holds the advantages of high integration, short analysis time, and low consumption of samples and reagents. In this review, we summarize the traditional techniques alongside microfluidic-based methodologies for the isolation and detection of EVs. We emphasize the distinct advantages of microfluidic technology in enhancing the capture efficiency and precise targeting of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We also explore its analytical role in targeted detection. Furthermore, this review highlights the transformative impact of microfluidic technology on EV analysis, with the potential to achieve automated and high-throughput EV detection in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Meiyu Zheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Qiaoling Xiao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Caixing Chi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Tahui Lin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Xue Yi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
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12
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Romanò S, Nele V, Campani V, De Rosa G, Cinti S. A comprehensive guide to extract information from extracellular vesicles: a tutorial review towards novel analytical developments. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1302:342473. [PMID: 38580402 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In the medical field, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining importance as they act as cells mediators. These are phospholipid bilayer vesicles and contain crucial biochemical information about their mother cells being carrier of different biomolecules such as small molecules, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. After release into the extracellular matrix, they enter the systemic circulation and can be found in all human biofluids. Since EVs reflect the state of the cell of origin, there is exponential attention as potential source of new circulating biomarkers for liquid biopsy. The use of EVs in clinical practice faces several challenges that need to be addressed: these include the standardization of lysis protocols, the availability of low-cost reagents and the development of analytical tools capable of detecting biomarkers. The process of lysis is a crucial step that can impact all subsequent analyses, towards the development of novel analytical strategies. To aid researchers to support the evolution of measurement science technology, this tutorial review evaluates and discuss the most commonly protocols used to characterize the contents of EVs, including their advantages and disadvantages in terms of experimental procedures, time and equipment. The purpose of this tutorial review is to offer practical guide to researchers which are intended to develop novel analytical approaches. Some of the most significant applications are considered, highlighting their main characteristics divided per mechanism of action. Finally, comprehensive tables which provide an overview at a glance are provided to readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Romanò
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Valeria Nele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
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13
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Sözmen A, Arslan-Yildiz A. Utilizing Magnetic Levitation to Detect Lung Cancer-Associated Exosomes. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2043-2049. [PMID: 38520356 PMCID: PMC11059084 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, have attracted attention in the last few decades as novel cancer biomarkers. Exosomal membrane proteins provide easy-to-reach targets and can be utilized as information sources of their parent cells. In this study, a MagLev-based, highly sensitive, and versatile biosensor platform for detecting minor differences in the density of suspended objects is proposed for exosome detection. The developed platform utilizes antibody-functionalized microspheres to capture exosomal membrane proteins (ExoMPs) EpCAM, CD81, and CD151 as markers for cancerous exosomes, exosomes, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-derived exosomes, respectively. Initially, the platform was utilized for protein detection and quantification by targeting solubilized ExoMPs, and a dynamic range of 1-100 nM, with LoD values of 1.324, 0.638, and 0.722 nM for EpCAM, CD81, and CD151, were observed, respectively. Then, the sensor platform was tested using exosome isolates derived from NSCLC cell line A549 and MRC5 healthy lung fibroblast cell line. It was shown that the sensor platform is able to detect and differentiate exosomal biomarkers derived from cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. Overall, this innovative, simple, and rapid method shows great potential for the early diagnosis of lung cancer through exosomal biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper
Baran Sözmen
- Bioengineering Department, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahu Arslan-Yildiz
- Bioengineering Department, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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14
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Wei J, Zhu K, Wang T, Qi T, Wang Z, Li J, Zong S, Cui Y. Highly Accurate Profiling of Exosome Phenotypes Using Super-resolution Tricolor Fluorescence Co-localization. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10206-10215. [PMID: 38536943 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes contain a wealth of proteomic information, presenting promising biomarkers for the noninvasive early diagnosis of diseases, especially cancer. However, it remains a great challenge to accurately and reliably distinguish exosomes secreted from different types of cell lines. Fluorescence immunoassay is frequently used for exosome detection. Nonspecific adsorption in immunoassays is unavoidable and affects the reliability of assay results. Despite the fact that various methods have been proposed to reduce nonspecific adsorption, a more effective method that can eliminate the influence of nonspecific adsorption is still lacking. Here, we report a more convenient way (named SR-TFC) to remove the artifacts caused by nonspecific adsorption, which combines tricolor fluorescence labeling of target exosomes, tricolor super-resolution imaging, and pixel counting. The pixel counting method (named CFPP) is realized by MATLAB and can eliminate nonspecific binding sites at the single-pixel level, which has never been achieved before and could improve the reliability of detection to the maximum extent. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, profiling of exosomal membrane proteins and identification of breast cancer subpopulations are demonstrated. To enable multiplex breast cancer phenotypic analysis, three kinds of specific proteins are labeled to obtain the 3D phenotypic information on various exosomes. Breast cancer subtypes can be accurately identified according to the super-resolution images of some clinically relevant exosomal proteins. Worth mentioning is that, by selecting other biomarkers, classification of other cancers could also be realized using SR-TFC. Hence, the present work holds great potential in clinical cancer diagnosis and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Wei
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Tongsheng Qi
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zhuyuan Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Shenfei Zong
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yiping Cui
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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15
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Herman M, Randall GW, Spiegel JL, Maldonado DJ, Simoes S. Endo-lysosomal dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: opinion on current progress and future direction in the use of exosomes as biomarkers. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220387. [PMID: 38368936 PMCID: PMC10874701 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, increased research has highlighted the connection between endosomal trafficking defects and neurodegeneration. The endo-lysosomal network is an important, complex cellular system specialized in the transport of proteins, lipids, and other metabolites, essential for cell homeostasis. Disruption of this pathway is linked to a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that defects in this pathway create opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. In this Opinion piece, we concisely address the role of endo-lysosomal dysfunction in five neurodegenerative diseases and discuss how future research can investigate this intracellular pathway, including extracellular vesicles with a specific focus on exosomes for the identification of novel disease biomarkers. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Herman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Grace W. Randall
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia L. Spiegel
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Delphina J. Maldonado
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sabrina Simoes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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16
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Li X, Chen J, Yang Y, Cai H, Ao Z, Xing Y, Li K, Yang K, Wallace A, Friend J, Lee LP, Wang N, Guo F. Extracellular vesicles-based point-of-care testing for the diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.31.587511. [PMID: 38617279 PMCID: PMC11014472 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.31.587511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. One promising strategy for detecting and monitoring AD early on is using extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based point-of-care testing; however, diagnosing AD using EVs poses a challenge due to the low abundance of EV-biomarkers. Here, we present a fully integrated organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) that enables high accuracy, speed, and convenience in the detection of EVs from AD patients. We incorporated self-aligned acoustoelectric enhancement of EVs on a chip that rapidly propels, enriches, and specifically binds EVs to the OECT detection area. With our enhancement of pre-concentration, we increased the sensitivity to a limit of detection of 500 EV particles/μL and reduced the required detection time to just two minutes. We also tested the sensor on an AD mouse model to monitor AD progression, examined mouse Aβ EVs at different time courses, and compared them with intraneuronal Aβ cumulation using MRI. This innovative technology has the potential to diagnose Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases accurately and quickly, enabling monitoring of disease progression and treatment response.
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17
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Tong Z, Yang D, Shen C, Li C, Xu X, Li Q, Wu Z, Ma H, Chen F, Mao H. Rapid automated extracellular vesicle isolation and miRNA preparation on a cost-effective digital microfluidic platform. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1296:342337. [PMID: 38401929 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
As a prerequisite for extracellular vesicle (EV) -based studies and diagnosis, effective isolation, enrichment and retrieval of EV biomarkers are crucial to subsequent analyses, such as miRNA-based liquid biopsy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, most conventional approaches for EV isolation suffer from lengthy procedure, high cost, and intense labor. Herein, we introduce the digital microfluidic (DMF) technology to EV pretreatment protocols and demonstrate a rapid and fully automated sample preparation platform for clinical tumor liquid biopsy. Combining a reusable DMF chip technique with a low-cost EV isolation and miRNA preparation protocol, the platform completes automated sample processing in 20-30 min, supporting immediate RT-qPCR analyses on EV-derived miRNAs (EV-miRNAs). The utility and reliability of the platform was validated via clinical sample processing for EV-miRNA detection. With 23 tumor and 20 non-tumor clinical plasma samples, we concluded that EV-miR-486-5p and miR-21-5p are effective biomarkers for NSCLC with a small sample volumn (20-40 μL). The result was consistent to that of a commercial exosome miRNA extraction kit. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of DMF in EV pretreatment for miRNA detection, providing a facile solution to EV isolation for liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoduo Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Qiushi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Fuxiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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18
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Fu M, Zhou P, Sheng W, Bai Z, Wang J, Zhu X, Hua L, Pan B, Gao F. Magnetically Controlled Photothermal, Colorimetric, and Fluorescence Trimode Assay for Gastric Cancer Exosomes Based on Acid-Induced Decomposition of CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4213-4223. [PMID: 38427460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The accurate quantification of cancer-derived exosomes, which are emerging as promising noninvasive biomarkers for liquid biopsies in the early diagnosis of cancer, is becoming increasingly imperative. In our work, we developed a magnetically controlled photothermal, colorimetric, and fluorescence trimode aptasensor for human gastric cancer cell (SGC-7901)-derived exosomes. This sensor relied on CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs nanocomposites, created by decorating copper peroxide (CP) nanodots on polyethyleneimine-modified manganese-containing Prussian blue analogues double-shelled nanoboxes (PEI-Mn-PBA DSNBs). Through self-assembly, we attached CD63 aptamer-labeled CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs (Apt-CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs) to complementary DNA-labeled magnetic beads (cDNA-MB). During exosome incubation, these aptamers preferentially formed complexes with exosomes, and we efficiently removed the released CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs by using magnetic separation. The CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs exhibited high photoreactivity and photothermal conversion efficiency under near-infrared (NIR) light, leading to temperature variations under 808 nm irradiation, correlating with different exosome concentrations. Additionally, colorimetric detection was achieved by monitoring the color change in a 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) system, facilitated by PEI modification, NIR-enhanced peroxidase-like activity of CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs and their capacity to generate Cu2+ and H2O2 under acidic conditions. Moreover, in the presence of Cu2+ and ascorbic acid (AA), DNA sequences could form dsDNA-templated copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), which emitted strong fluorescence at around 575 nm. Increasing exosome concentrations correlated with decreases in temperature, absorbance, and fluorescence intensity. This trimode biosensor demonstrated satisfactory ability in differentiating gastric cancer patients from healthy individuals using human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Weiwei Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zetai Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Fenglei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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Wang W, Sun H, Duan H, Sheng G, Tian N, Liu D, Sun Z. Isolation and usage of exosomes in central nervous system diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14677. [PMID: 38497529 PMCID: PMC10945885 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are vesicles secreted by all types of mammalian cells. They are characterized by a double-layered lipid membrane structure. They serve as carriers for a plethora of signal molecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Their unique capability of effortlessly crossing the blood-brain barrier underscores their critical role in the progression of various neurological disorders. This includes, but is not limited to, diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ischemic stroke. Establishing stable and mature methods for isolating exosomes is a prerequisite for the study of exosomes and their biomedical significance. The extraction technologies of exosomes include differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, ultrafiltration, polymer coprecipitation, immunoaffinity capture, microfluidic, and so forth. Each extraction technology has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the extraction standards of exosomes have not been unified internationally. AIMS This review aimed to showcase the recent advancements in exosome isolation techniques and thoroughly compare the advantages and disadvantages of different methods. Furthermore, the significant research progress made in using exosomes for diagnosing and treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases has been emphasized. CONCLUSION The varying isolation methods result in differences in the concentration, purity, and size of exosomes. The efficient separation of exosomes facilitates their widespread application, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hong Sun
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Huijuan Duan
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Gang Sheng
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Na Tian
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dingyi Liu
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhaogang Sun
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
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20
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Bu Y, Wang J, Ni S, Lu Z, Guo Y, Yobas L. High-Performance Gel-Free and Label-Free Size Fractionation of Extracellular Vesicles with Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in a Microfluidic Artificial Sieve. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3508-3516. [PMID: 38364051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived particles that exhibit diverse sizes, molecular contents, and clinical implications for various diseases depending on their specific subpopulations. However, fractionation of EV subpopulations with high resolution, efficiency, purity, and yield remains an elusive goal due to their diminutive sizes. In this study, we introduce a novel strategy that effectively separates EV subpopulations in a gel-free and label-free manner, using two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis in a microfluidic artificial sieve. The microfabricated artificial sieve consists of periodically arranged micro-slit-well structures in a 2D array and generates an anisotropic electric field pattern to size fractionate EVs into discrete streams and steer the subpopulations into designated outlets for collection within a minute. Along with fractionating EV subpopulations, contaminants such as free proteins and short nucleic acids can be simultaneously directed to waste outlets, thus accomplishing both size fractionation and purification of EVs with high performance. Our platform offers a simple, rapid, and versatile solution for EV subpopulation isolation, which can potentially facilitate the discovery of biomarkers for specific EV subtypes and the development of EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Ni
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zechen Lu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Levent Yobas
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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21
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Yang S, Sun Y, Liu W, Zhang Y, Sun G, Xiang B, Yang J. Exosomes in Glioma: Unraveling Their Roles in Progression, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:823. [PMID: 38398214 PMCID: PMC10887132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors, present a challenging prognosis even after undergoing surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, play a pivotal role in glioma progression and contribute to resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy by facilitating the transportation of biological molecules and promoting intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, exosomes exhibit the remarkable ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, positioning them as potent carriers for therapeutic delivery. These attributes hold promise for enhancing glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in exosome research within the realm of tumors. In this article, we primarily focus on elucidating the role of exosomes in glioma development, highlighting the latest breakthroughs in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, and outlining prospective directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yumeng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guozhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Bai Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jiankai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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22
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Xiong H, Zhu C, Dai C, Ye X, Li Y, Li P, Yang S, Ashraf G, Wei D, Chen H, Shen H, Kong J, Fang X. An Alternating Current Electroosmotic Flow-Based Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Microfluidic System for Ultrafast Monitoring, Detection of Proteins/miRNAs in Unprocessed Samples. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307840. [PMID: 38070186 PMCID: PMC10853704 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of acute diseases is restricted by the sensitivity and complex process of sample treatment. Here, an ultrasensitive, rapid, and portable electrochemiluminescence-microfluidic (ECL-M) system is described via sandwich-type immunoassay and surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) assay. Using a sandwich immunoreaction approach, the ECL-M system employs cardiac troponin-I antigen (cTnI) as a detection model with a Ru@SiO2 NPs labeled antibody as the signal probe. For miR-499-5p detection, gold nanoparticles generate SPR effects to enhance Ru(bpy)3 2+ ECL signals. The system based on alternating current (AC) electroosmotic flow achieves an LOD of 2 fg mL-1 for cTnI in 5 min and 10 aM for miRNAs in 10 min at room temperature. The point-of-care testing (POCT) device demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity for cTnI detection in 123 clinical serum samples. For miR-499-5p, it exhibited 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity in 55 clinical serum samples. Continuous monitoring of these biomarkers in rats' saliva, urine, and interstitial fluid samples for 48 hours revealed observations rarely documented in biotic fluids. The ECL-M POCT device stands as a top-performing system for ECL analysis, offering immense potential for ultrasensitive, rapid, highly accurate, and facile detection and monitoring of acute diseases in POC settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Xiong
- Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Zhu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710061P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Yizheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineYangzhou211400P. R. China
| | - Pintao Li
- Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ghazala Ashraf
- Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Huali Shen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Xueen Fang
- Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
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23
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Shen Y, Gwak H, Han B. Advanced manufacturing of nanoparticle formulations of drugs and biologics using microfluidics. Analyst 2024; 149:614-637. [PMID: 38083968 PMCID: PMC10842755 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01739g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Numerous innovative nanoparticle formulations of drugs and biologics, named nano-formulations, have been developed in the last two decades. However, methods for their scaled-up production are still lagging, as the amount needed for large animal tests and clinical trials is typically orders of magnitude larger. This manufacturing challenge poses a critical barrier to successfully translating various nano-formulations. This review focuses on how microfluidics technology has become a powerful tool to overcome this challenge by synthesizing various nano-formulations with improved particle properties and product purity in large quantities. This microfluidic-based manufacturing is enabled by microfluidic mixing, which is capable of the precise and continuous control of the synthesis of nano-formulations. We further discuss the specific applications of hydrodynamic flow focusing, a staggered herringbone micromixer, a T-junction mixer, a micro-droplet generator, and a glass capillary on various types of nano-formulations of polymeric, lipid, inorganic, and nanocrystals. Various separation and purification microfluidic methods to enhance the product purity are reviewed, including acoustofluidics, hydrodynamics, and dielectrophoresis. We further discuss the challenges of microfluidics being used by broader research and industrial communities. We also provide future outlooks of its enormous potential as a decentralized approach for manufacturing nano-formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Hogyeong Gwak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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24
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Ghorbani R, Hosseinzadeh S, Azari A, Taghipour N, Soleimani M, Rahimpour A, Abbaszadeh HA. The Current Status and Future Direction of Extracellular Nano-vesicles in the Alleviation of Skin Disorders. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:351-366. [PMID: 37073662 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230418121053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from endocytic membranes. The transfer of biomolecules and biological compounds such as enzymes, proteins, RNA, lipids, and cellular waste disposal through exosomes plays an essential function in cell-cell communication and regulation of pathological and physiological processes in skin disease. The skin is one of the vital organs that makes up about 8% of the total body mass. This organ consists of three layers, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis that cover the outer surface of the body. Heterogeneity and endogeneity of exosomes is an advantage that distinguishes them from nanoparticles and liposomes and leads to their widespread usage in the remedy of dermal diseases. The biocompatible nature of these extracellular vesicles has attracted the attention of many health researchers. In this review article, we will first discuss the biogenesis of exosomes, their contents, separation methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of exosomes. Then we will highlight recent developments related to the therapeutic applications of exosomes in the treatment of common skin disorders like atopic dermatitis, alopecia, epidermolysis bullosa, keloid, melanoma, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Ghorbani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezo Azari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Hormozi A, Hasanzadeh S, Ebrahimi F, Daei N, Hajimortezayi Z, Mehdizadeh A, Zamani M. Treatment with Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Window of Healing Science in Regenerative Medicine. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:879-893. [PMID: 37622719 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230824165014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted on the potential applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) over recent years due to their growing importance in regenerative medicine. Exosomes are considered cargos capable of transporting proteins, peptides, lipids, mRNAs, and growth factors. MSCsderived exosomes are also involved in the prevention or treatment of a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, skin disorders, lung diseases, osteoarthritis, damaged tissue repair, and other diseases. This review attempted to summarize the importance of employing MSCs in regenerative medicine by gathering and evaluating information from current literature. The role of MSCs and the potential applications of MSCs-derived exosomes have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hormozi
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Sajedeh Hasanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Narges Daei
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajimortezayi
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Nie C, Shaw I, Chen C. Application of microfluidic technology based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering in cancer biomarker detection: A review. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1429-1451. [PMID: 38223444 PMCID: PMC10785256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous discovery and research of predictive cancer-related biomarkers, liquid biopsy shows great potential in cancer diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and microfluidic technology have received much attention among the various cancer biomarker detection methods. The former has ultrahigh detection sensitivity and can provide a unique fingerprint. In contrast, the latter has the characteristics of miniaturization and integration, which can realize accurate control of the detection samples and high-throughput detection through design. Both have the potential for point-of-care testing (POCT), and their combination (lab-on-a-chip SERS (LoC-SERS)) shows good compatibility. In this paper, the basic situation of circulating proteins, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNA (miRNA) in the diagnosis of various cancers is reviewed, and the detection research of these biomarkers by the LoC-SERS platform in recent years is described in detail. At the same time, the challenges and future development of the platform are discussed at the end of the review. Summarizing the current technology is expected to provide a reference for scholars engaged in related work and interested in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Nie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ibrahim Shaw
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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27
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Marassi V, Giordani S, Placci A, Punzo A, Caliceti C, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Roda B, Roda A. Emerging Microfluidic Tools for Simultaneous Exosomes and Cargo Biosensing in Liquid Biopsy: New Integrated Miniaturized FFF-Assisted Approach for Colon Cancer Diagnosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9432. [PMID: 38067805 PMCID: PMC10708636 DOI: 10.3390/s23239432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The early-stage diagnosis of cancer is a crucial clinical need. The inadequacies of surgery tissue biopsy have prompted a transition to a less invasive profiling of molecular biomarkers from biofluids, known as liquid biopsy. Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer vesicles present in many biofluids with a biologically active cargo, being responsible for cell-to-cell communication in biological systems. An increase in their excretion and changes in their cargo are potential diagnostic biomarkers for an array of diseases, including cancer, and they constitute a promising analyte for liquid biopsy. The number of exosomes released, the morphological properties, the membrane composition, and their content are highly related to the physiological and pathological states. The main analytical challenge to establishing liquid biopsy in clinical practice is the development of biosensors able to detect intact exosomes concentration and simultaneously analyze specific membrane biomarkers and those contained in their cargo. Before analysis, exosomes also need to be isolated from biological fluids. Microfluidic systems can address several issues present in conventional methods (i.e., ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, ultrafiltration, and immunoaffinity capture), which are time-consuming and require a relatively high amount of sample; in addition, they can be easily integrated with biosensing systems. A critical review of emerging microfluidic-based devices for integrated biosensing approaches and following the major analytical need for accurate diagnostics is presented here. The design of a new miniaturized biosensing system is also reported. A device based on hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation followed by luminescence-based immunoassay is applied to isolate intact exosomes and characterize their cargo as a proof of concept for colon cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna Placci
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Angela Punzo
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Caliceti
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy—CIRI FRAME, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research—CIRI Agrofood, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
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28
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Yoda K, Ichikawa Y, Motosuke M. Continuous-flow electrorotation (cROT): improved throughput characterization for dielectric properties of cancer cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4986-4996. [PMID: 37889126 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the concept of a newly developed high-throughput measurement device for determining the dielectric properties of cancer cells. The proposed continuous-flow electrorotation (cROT) device can induce electrorotation (ROT) with vertical rotation using two sets of interdigitated electrodes on the top and bottom substrates to torque the cells. In the developed device, multiple rotating cells flowing in a microchannel are aligned between electrodes using dielectrophoresis. This allows for the measurement of the rotational behavior of the cells with continuous flow, resulting in a significant improvement in throughput compared to the conventional ROT devices reported previously. The dielectric properties, permittivity of the cell membrane and conductivity of the cell cytoplasm, of HeLa cells obtained by simultaneous measurements using the developed cROT device were 9.13 ± 1.02 and 0.93 ± 0.10 S m-1, respectively. Moreover, the measurement throughput was successfully increased to 2700 cells per h using the cROT technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Yoda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Ichikawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Japan.
- Water Frontier Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
| | - Masahiro Motosuke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Japan.
- Water Frontier Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
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29
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Zhang C, Zhou X, Wang D, Hao L, Zeng Z, Su L. Hydrogel-Loaded Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Musculoskeletal Disorders. J Clin Pharm Ther 2023; 2023:1-36. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Clinical treatment strategies for musculoskeletal disorders have been a hot research topic. Accumulating evidence suggests that hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs show great potential in improving musculoskeletal injuries. The ideal hydrogels should be capable of promoting the development of new tissues and simulating the characteristics of target tissues, with the properties matching the cell-matrix constituents of autologous tissues. Although there have been numerous reports of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs for the repair of musculoskeletal injuries, such as intervertebral disc injury, tendinopathy, bone fractures, and cartilage injuries, there are still many hurdles to overcome before the clinical application of modified hydrogels. In this review, we focus on the advantages of the isolation technique of EVs in combination with different types of hydrogels. In this context, the efficacy of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs in different musculoskeletal injuries is discussed in detail to provide a reference for the future application of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs in the clinical treatment of musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Hao
- Shougang Technician College, Nursing School, Beijing 100043, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Shougang Technician College, Nursing School, Beijing 100043, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
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30
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Huang Y, Zhou F, Jia F, Yang N. Divalent Aptamer-Functionalized Nanochannels for Facile Detection of Cancer Cell-Derived Exosomes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9139. [PMID: 38005527 PMCID: PMC10674588 DOI: 10.3390/s23229139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are considered potential biomarkers for early screening and accurate non-invasive diagnosis of cancer, so development of innovatively facile approaches for the detection of cancer cell-derived exosomes has become increasingly important. Herein, we propose a facile electrochemical biosensor based on divalent aptamer-functionalized nanochannels for highly efficient detection of cancer cell-derived exosomes. The aptamer against transmembrane receptor protein CD63 and the aptamer targeting membrane protein EpCAM are simultaneously immobilized on the nanochannels to construct the divalent aptamer-functionalized nanochannels. Thus, the target exosomes can be recognized and selectively captured by the functionalized nanochannels in a divalent collaborative manner. The combined exosomes overlay the ion channel effectively and hinder the ionic flow through the nanochannels, resulting in an evidently varied ionic transport behavior corresponding to the abundance of exosomes. The divalent aptamer-functionalized nanochannels can substantially promote the binding stability and enhance the detection specificity, while the sensitivity of detection is improved greatly by virtue of the amplified response of array channels synergized with the electrochemical technique. Therefore, the developed biosensor provides a highly specific, sensitive, and accurate approach for the detection of cancer cell-derived exosomes, which may hold great potential for application in early clinical cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fengjie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nana Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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31
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Krivitsky V, Krivitsky A, Mantella V, Ben-Yehuda Greenwald M, Sankar DS, Betschmann J, Bader J, Zoratto N, Schreier K, Feiss S, Walker D, Dengjel J, Werner S, Leroux JC. Ultrafast and Controlled Capturing, Loading, and Release of Extracellular Vesicles by a Portable Microstructured Electrochemical Fluidic Device. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212000. [PMID: 37452635 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by all living cells and are found in body fluids. They exert numerous physiological and pathological functions and serve as cargo shuttles. Due to their safety and inherent bioactivity, they have emerged as versatile therapeutic agents, biomarkers, and potential drug carriers. Despite the growing interest in EVs, current progress in this field is, in part, limited by relatively inefficient isolation techniques. Conventional methods are indeed slow, laborious, require specialized laboratory equipment, and may result in low yield and purity. This work describes an electrochemically controlled "all-in-one" device enabling capturing, loading, and releasing of EVs. The device is composed of a fluidic channel confined within antibody-coated microstructured electrodes. It rapidly isolates EVs with a high level of purity from various biofluids. As a proof of principle, the device is applied to isolate EVs from skin wounds of healthy and diabetic mice. Strikingly, it is found that EVs from healing wounds of diabetic mice are enriched in mitochondrial proteins compared to those of healthy mice. Additionally, the device improves the loading protocol of EVs with polyplexes, and may therefore find applications in nucleic acid delivery. Overall, the electrochemical device can greatly facilitate the development of EVs-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Krivitsky
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Adva Krivitsky
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Mantella
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Maya Ben-Yehuda Greenwald
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | | | - Jil Betschmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Bader
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Zoratto
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Kento Schreier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Feiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Dario Walker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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32
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Sharma M, Sheth M, Poling HM, Kuhnell D, Langevin SM, Esfandiari L. Rapid purification and multiparametric characterization of circulating small extracellular vesicles utilizing a label-free lab-on-a-chip device. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18293. [PMID: 37880299 PMCID: PMC10600140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-scale extracellular vesicles are lipid-bilayer delimited particles that are naturally secreted by all cells and have emerged as valuable biomarkers for a wide range of diseases. Efficient isolation of small extracellular vesicles while maintaining yield and purity is crucial to harvest their potential in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. Most conventional methods of isolation suffer from significant shortcomings, including low purity or yield, long duration, need for large sample volumes, specialized equipment, trained personnel, and high costs. To address some of these challenges, our group has reported a novel insulator-based dielectrophoretic device for rapid isolation of small extracellular vesicles from biofluids and cell culture media based on their size and dielectric properties. In this study, we report a comprehensive characterization of small extracellular vesicles isolated from cancer-patients' biofluids at a twofold enrichment using the device. The three-fold characterization that was performed using conventional flow cytometry, advanced imaging flow cytometry, and microRNA sequencing indicated high yield and purity of the isolated small extracellular vesicles. The device thus offers an efficient platform for rapid isolation while maintaining biomolecular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maulee Sheth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Holly M Poling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Damaris Kuhnell
- Department of Environmental and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott M Langevin
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Hinestrosa JP, Sears RC, Dhani H, Lewis JM, Schroeder G, Balcer HI, Keith D, Sheppard BC, Kurzrock R, Billings PR. Development of a blood-based extracellular vesicle classifier for detection of early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:146. [PMID: 37857666 PMCID: PMC10587093 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an overall 5-year survival rate of just 12.5% and thus is among the leading causes of cancer deaths. When detected at early stages, PDAC survival rates improve substantially. Testing high-risk patients can increase early-stage cancer detection; however, currently available liquid biopsy approaches lack high sensitivity and may not be easily accessible. METHODS Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from blood plasma that was collected from a training set of 650 patients (105 PDAC stages I and II, 545 controls). EV proteins were analyzed using a machine learning approach to determine which were the most informative to develop a classifier for early-stage PDAC. The classifier was tested on a validation cohort of 113 patients (30 PDAC stages I and II, 83 controls). RESULTS The training set demonstrates an AUC of 0.971 (95% CI = 0.953-0.986) with 93.3% sensitivity (95% CI: 86.9-96.7) at 91.0% specificity (95% CI: 88.3-93.1). The trained classifier is validated using an independent cohort (30 stage I and II cases, 83 controls) and achieves a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 92.8%. CONCLUSIONS Liquid biopsy using EVs may provide unique or complementary information that improves early PDAC and other cancer detection. EV protein determinations herein demonstrate that the AC Electrokinetics (ACE) method of EV enrichment provides early-stage detection of cancer distinct from normal or pancreatitis controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dove Keith
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brett C Sheppard
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Worldwide Innovative Network for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Chevilly-Larue, France
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Yang X, Xie X, Liu S, Ma W, Zheng Z, Wei H, Yu CY. Engineered Exosomes as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5479-5503. [PMID: 37695590 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in nanotechnology and nanomedicine has made a significant positive effect on cancer treatment by integrating multicomponents into a single multifunctional nanosized delivery system for combinatorial therapies. Although numerous nanocarriers developed so far have achieved excellent therapeutic performance in mouse models via elegant integration of chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy, their synthetic origin may still cause systemic toxicity, immunogenicity, and preferential detection or elimination by the immune system. Exosomes, endogenous nanosized particles secreted by multiple biological cells, could be absorbed by recipient cells to facilitate intercellular communication and content delivery. Therefore, exosomes have emerged as novel cargo delivery tools and attracted considerable attention for cancer diagnosis and treatment due to their innate stability, biological compatibility, and biomembrane penetration capacity. Exosome-related properties and functions have been well-documented; however, there are few reviews, to our knowledge, with a focus on the combination of exosomes and nanotechnology for the development of exosome-based theranostic platforms. To make a timely review on this hot subject of research, we summarize the basic information, isolation and functionalization methodologies, diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomes in various cancers with an emphasis on the description of exosome-related nanomedicine for cancer theranostics. The existing appealing challenges and outlook in exosome clinical translation are finally introduced. Advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology will definitely not only promote the integration of intrinsic advantages of natural nanosized exosomes with traditional synthetic nanomaterials for modulated precise cancer treatment but also contribute to the clinical translations of exosome-based nanomedicine as theranostic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiangyu Xie
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Songbin Liu
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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35
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Meng Y, Zhang Y, Bühler M, Wang S, Asghari M, Stürchler A, Mateescu B, Weiss T, Stavrakis S, deMello AJ. Direct isolation of small extracellular vesicles from human blood using viscoelastic microfluidics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5296. [PMID: 37801500 PMCID: PMC10558121 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; <200 nm) that contain lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins are considered promising biomarkers for a wide variety of diseases. Conventional methods for sEV isolation from blood are incompatible with routine clinical workflows, significantly hampering the utilization of blood-derived sEVs in clinical settings. Here, we present a simple, viscoelastic-based microfluidic platform for label-free isolation of sEVs from human blood. The separation performance of the device is assessed by isolating fluorescent sEVs from whole blood, demonstrating purities and recovery rates of over 97 and 87%, respectively. Significantly, our viscoelastic-based microfluidic method also provides for a remarkable increase in sEV yield compared to gold-standard ultracentrifugation, with proteomic profiles of blood-derived sEVs purified by both methods showing similar protein compositions. To demonstrate the clinical utility of the approach, we isolate sEVs from blood samples of 20 patients with cancer and 20 healthy donors, demonstrating that elevated sEV concentrations can be observed in blood derived from patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Meng
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Bühler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shuchen Wang
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Asghari
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Stürchler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Mateescu
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Ma Z, Xu H, Ye BC. Recent progress in quantitative technologies for the analysis of cancer-related exosome proteins. Analyst 2023; 148:4954-4966. [PMID: 37721099 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01228j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a kind of extracellular vesicles, which play a significant role in intercellular communication and molecular exchange. Cancer-derived exosomes are potential and ideal biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of cancers because of their abundant biological information and contribution to the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. However, there are a number of drawbacks, such as low sensitivity and tedious steps, in conventional detection techniques. Furthermore, exosome quantification is not enough to accurately distinguish cancer patients from healthy individuals. Therefore, developing efficient, accurate, and inexpensive exosome surface protein analysis techniques is necessary and critical. In recent years, a considerable number of researchers have presented novel detection strategies in this field. This review summarizes the recent progress in quantitative technologies for the analysis of cancer-related exosome proteins, mainly including the detection methods based on aptamers, nanomaterials, and antibodies, discusses a roadmap for future developments, and aims to offer an innovative perspective of exosome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Ma
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Huiying Xu
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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37
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Kwak TJ, Son T, Hong JS, Winter UA, Jeong MH, McLean C, Weissleder R, Lee H, Castro CM, Im H. Electrokinetically enhanced label-free plasmonic sensing for rapid detection of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115422. [PMID: 37301179 PMCID: PMC10527155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ANALYSIS of rare circulating extracellular vesicles (EV) from early cancers or different types of host cells requires extremely sensitive EV sensing technologies. Nanoplasmonic EV sensing technologies have demonstrated good analytical performances, but their sensitivity is often limited by EVs' diffusion to the active sensor surface for specific target EV capture. Here, we developed an advanced plasmonic EV platform with electrokinetically enhanced yields (KeyPLEX). The KeyPLEX system effectively overcomes diffusion-limited reactions with applied electroosmosis and dielectrophoresis forces. These forces bring EVs toward the sensor surface and concentrate them in specific areas. Using the keyPLEX, we showed significant improvements in detection sensitivity by ∼100-fold, leading to the sensitive detection of rare cancer EVs from human plasma samples in 10 min. The keyPLEX system could become a valuable tool for point-of-care rapid EV analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Joon Kwak
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Taehwang Son
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jae-Sang Hong
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ursula Andrea Winter
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mi Ho Jeong
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Charlotte McLean
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Health Science, Northeastern University Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Cesar M Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Wang M, Shu J, Wang S, Lyu A, Wang Y, Huang D, Cui H. N-(4-Aminobutyl)- N-ethylisopropanol and Co 2+ Dual-Functionalized Core-Shell Fe 3O 4@Au/Ag Magnetic Nanomaterials with Strong and Stable Chemiluminescence for a Label-Free Exosome Immunosensor. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12982-12991. [PMID: 37587428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, magnetic beads (MBs) are moving toward chemiluminescence (CL) functional magnetic nanomaterials with a great potential for constructing label-free immunosensors. However, most of the CL-functionalized MBs suffer from scarce binding sites, easy aggregation, and leakage of CL reagents, which will ultimately affect the analytical performance of immunosensors. Herein, by using core-shell Fe3O4@Au/Ag magnetic nanomaterials as a nanoplatform, a novel N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisopropanol (ABEI) and Co2+ dual-functionalized magnetic nanomaterial, namely, Fe3O4@Au/Ag/ABEI/Co2+, with strong and stable CL emission was successfully synthesized. Its CL intensity was 36 and 3.5 times higher than that of MB@ABEI-Au/Co2+ and ABEI and Co2+ dual-functionalized chemiluminescent MBs previously reported by our group, respectively. It was found that the excellent CL performance of Fe3O4@Au/Ag/ABEI/Co2+ could be attributed to the enrichment effect of the Au/Ag shell and the synergistic enhance effect of the Au/Ag shell and Co2+. A related CL mechanism has been proposed. Afterward, based on the intense and stable CL emission of Fe3O4@Au/Ag/ABEI/Co2+, a sensitive and effective label-free CL immunosensor for exosome detection was established. It exhibited excellent analytical performance with a wide detection range of 3.1 × 103 to 3.1 × 108 particles/mL and a low detection limit of 2.1 × 103 particles/mL, which were better than the vast majority of the reported CL immunosensors. Moreover, the proposed label-free CL immunosensor was successfully used to detect exosomes in human serum samples and enabled us to distinguish healthy persons and lung cancer patients. It has the potential to be a powerful tool for exosome study and early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jiangnan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Aihua Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yisha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dabing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Cui
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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An J, Park H, Kim J, Park H, Kim TH, Park C, Kim J, Lee MH, Lee T. Extended-Gate Field-Effect Transistor Consisted of a CD9 Aptamer and MXene for Exosome Detection in Human Serum. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3174-3186. [PMID: 37585601 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progresses silently to the terminal stage of the impossible operable condition. There are many limitations in the treatment options of cancer, but diagnosis in an early stage can improve survival rates and low recurrence. Exosomes are the biomolecules released from cancer cells and are promising candidates for clinical diagnosis. Among them, the cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9) protein is an important exosomal biomarker that can be used for exosome determination. Therefore, here, a CD9 aptamer was first synthesized and applied to an extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET)-type biosensor containing a disposable sensing membrane to suggest the possibility of detecting exosomes in a clinical environment. Systematically evaluating ligands using the exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique was performed to select nucleic acid sequences that can specifically target the CD9 protein. Exosomes were detected according to the electrical signal changes on a membrane, which is an extended gate using an Au microelectrode. The fabricated biosensor showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 10.64 pM for CD9 proteins, and the detection range was determined from 10 pM to 1 μM in the buffer. In the case of the clinical test, the LOD and detection ranges of exosomes in human serum samples were 6.41 × 102 exosomes/mL and 1 × 103 to 1 × 107 exosomes/mL, respectively, showing highly reliable results with low error rates. These findings suggest that the proposed aptasensor can be a powerful tool for a simple and early diagnosis of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongyun An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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Luna R, Heineck D, Hinestrosa JP, Dobrovolskia I, Hamilton S, Malakian A, Gustafson KT, Huynh KT, Kim S, Ware J, Stimson E, Ross C, Schutt CE, Ibsen SD. Enhancement of dielectrophoresis-based particle collection from high conducting fluids due to partial electrode insulation. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1234-1246. [PMID: 37431197 PMCID: PMC10656105 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a successful method to recover nanoparticles from different types of fluid. The DEP force acting on these particles is created by an electrode microarray that produces a nonuniform electric field. To apply DEP to a highly conducting biological fluid, a protective hydrogel coating over the metal electrodes is required to create a barrier between the electrode and the fluid. This protects the electrodes, reduces the electrolysis of water, and allows the electric field to penetrate into the fluid sample. We observed that the protective hydrogel layer can separate from the electrode and form a closed domed structure and that collection of 100 nm polystyrene beads increased when this occurred. To better understand this collection increase, we used COMSOL Multiphysics software to model the electric field in the presence of the dome filled with different materials ranging from low-conducting gas to high conducting phosphate-buffered saline fluids. The results suggest that as the electrical conductivity of the material inside the dome is reduced, the whole dome acts as an insulator which increases electric field intensity at the electrode edge. This increased intensity widens the high-intensity electric field factor zone resulting in increased collection. This informs how dome formation results in increased particle collection and provides insight into how the electric field can be intensified to the increase collection of particles. These results have important applications for increasing the recovery of biologically-derived nanoparticles from undiluted physiological fluids that have high conductance, including the collection of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles from plasma for liquid biopsy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Luna
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Biological Dynamics, San Diego CA, USA
| | - Daniel Heineck
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | | | | | - Sean Hamilton
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Anna Malakian
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Kyle T. Gustafson
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Katherine T. Huynh
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Sejung Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedae-ro, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, South Korea
| | - Jason Ware
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Ella Stimson
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Christian Ross
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Carolyn E. Schutt
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Stuart D. Ibsen
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
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Wang Z, Tan W, Li B, Zou J, Li Y, Xiao Y, He Y, Yoshida S, Zhou Y. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in angiogenesis: Functions, mechanisms and potential clinical applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18626. [PMID: 37560684 PMCID: PMC10407155 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that can be produced by most cells. Exosomes act as important intermediaries in intercellular communication, and participate in a variety of biological activities between cells. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) usually refer to RNAs that do not encode proteins. Although ncRNAs have no protein-coding capacity, they are able to regulate gene expression at multiple levels. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, which is an important physiological process. However, abnormal angiogenesis could induce many diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy and cancer. Many studies have shown that ncRNAs can stably exist in exosomes and play a wide range of physiological and pathological roles including regulation of angiogenesis. In brief, some specific ncRNAs can be enriched in exosomes secreted by cells and absorbed by recipient cells through the exosome pathway, thus activating relevant signaling pathways in target cells and playing a role in regulating angiogenesis. In this review, we describe the physiological and pathological functions of exosomal ncRNAs in angiogenesis, summarize their role in angiogenesis-related diseases, and illustrate potential clinical applications like novel drug therapy strategies and diagnostic markers in exosome research as inspiration for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yangyan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Nguyen CM, Sallam M, Islam MS, Clack K, Soda N, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Placental Exosomes as Biomarkers for Maternal Diseases: Current Advances in Isolation, Characterization, and Detection. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37449399 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Serving as the interface between fetal and maternal circulation, the placenta plays a critical role in fetal growth and development. Placental exosomes are small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released by the placenta during pregnancy. They contain a variety of biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which can potentially be biomarkers of maternal diseases. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the utility of placental exosomes for the diagnosis and monitoring of pathological conditions such as pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes. This suggests that placental exosomes may serve as new biomarkers in liquid biopsy analysis. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the biological function of placental exosomes and their potential as biomarkers of maternal diseases. Additionally, this review highlights current barriers and the way forward for standardization and validation of known techniques for exosome isolation, characterization, and detection. Finally, microfluidic devices for exosome research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Minh Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mohamed Sallam
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Md Sajedul Islam
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Kimberley Clack
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Narshone Soda
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
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Fujiwara S, Hata M, Onohara I, Kawasaki D, Sueyoshi K, Hisamoto H, Suzuki M, Yasukawa T, Endo T. Dielectrophoretic trapping of nanosized biomolecules on plasmonic nanohole arrays for biosensor applications: simple fabrication and visible-region detection. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21118-21126. [PMID: 37449027 PMCID: PMC10337744 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03245k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance is an optical phenomenon that can be applied for label-free, real-time sensing to directly measure biomolecular interactions and detect biomarkers in solutions. Previous studies using plasmonic nanohole arrays have monitored and detected various biomolecules owing to the propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) that occurs in the near-infrared (NIR) and infrared (IR) regions is usually used for detection. Although these plasmonic nanohole arrays improve the sensitivity and throughput for biomolecular detection, these arrays have the following disadvantages: (1) molecular diffusion in the solution (making the detection of biomolecules difficult), (2) the device fabrication's complexities, and (3) expensive equipments for detection in the NIR or IR regions. Therefore, there is a need to fabricate plasmonic nanohole arrays as biomolecular detection platforms using a simple and highly reproducible procedure based on other SPP modes in the visible region instead of the EOT in the NIR or IR regions while suppressing molecular diffusion in the solution. In this paper, we propose the combination of a polymer-based gold nanohole array (Au NHA) obtained through an easy process as a simple platform and dielectrophoresis (DEP) as a biomolecule manipulation method. This approach was experimentally demonstrated using SPP and LSPR modes (not EOT) in the visible region and simple, label-free, rapid, cost-effective trapping and enrichment of nanoparticles (trapping time: <50 s) and bovine serum albumin (trapping time: <1000 s) was realized. These results prove that the Au NHA-based DEP devices have great potential for real-time digital and Raman bioimaging, in addition to biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Misaki Hata
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori Ako Hyogo 678-1297 Japan
| | - Ikumi Onohara
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori Ako Hyogo 678-1297 Japan
| | - Daiki Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) 5-3 Yonban-cho, Chiyoda Tokyo 102-8666 Japan
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori Ako Hyogo 678-1297 Japan
- Advanced Medical Engineering Research Institute, University of Hyogo Hyogo Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yasukawa
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori Ako Hyogo 678-1297 Japan
- Advanced Medical Engineering Research Institute, University of Hyogo Hyogo Japan
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
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Surappa S, Multani P, Parlatan U, Sinawang PD, Kaifi J, Akin D, Demirci U. Integrated "lab-on-a-chip" microfluidic systems for isolation, enrichment, and analysis of cancer biomarkers. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2942-2958. [PMID: 37314731 PMCID: PMC10834032 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The liquid biopsy has garnered considerable attention as a complementary clinical tool for the early detection, molecular characterization and monitoring of cancer over the past decade. In contrast to traditional solid biopsy techniques, liquid biopsy offers a less invasive and safer alternative for routine cancer screening. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies have enabled handling of liquid biopsy-derived biomarkers with high sensitivity, throughput, and convenience. The integration of these multi-functional microfluidic technologies into a 'lab-on-a-chip' offers a powerful solution for processing and analyzing samples on a single platform, thereby reducing the complexity, bio-analyte loss and cross-contamination associated with multiple handling and transfer steps in more conventional benchtop workflows. This review critically addresses recent developments in integrated microfluidic technologies for cancer detection, highlighting isolation, enrichment, and analysis strategies for three important sub-types of cancer biomarkers: circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes. We first discuss the unique characteristics and advantages of the various lab-on-a-chip technologies developed to operate on each biomarker subtype. This is then followed by a discussion on the challenges and opportunities in the field of integrated systems for cancer detection. Ultimately, integrated microfluidic platforms form the core of a new class of point-of-care diagnostic tools by virtue of their ease-of-operation, portability and high sensitivity. Widespread availability of such tools could potentially result in more frequent and convenient screening for early signs of cancer at clinical labs or primary care offices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Surappa
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Priyanka Multani
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jussuf Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence for Translational Diagnostics (CCNE-TD), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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45
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Pishbin E, Sadri F, Dehghan A, Kiani MJ, Hashemi N, Zare I, Mousavi P, Rahi A. Recent advances in isolation and detection of exosomal microRNAs related to Alzheimer's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115705. [PMID: 36958383 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurological condition, is associated with various internal and external risk factors in the disease's early stages. Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is essential for treatment management. Circulating exosomal microRNAs could be a new class of valuable biomarkers for early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Different kinds of biosensors have been introduced in recent years for the detection of these valuable biomarkers. Isolation of the exosomes is a crucial step in the detection process which is traditionally carried out by multi-step ultrafiltration. Microfluidics has improved the efficiency and costs of exosome isolation by implementing various effects and forces on the nano and microparticles in the microchannels. This paper reviews recent advancements in detecting Alzheimer's disease related exosomal microRNAs based on methods such as electrochemical, fluorescent, and SPR. The presented devices' pros and cons and their efficiencies compared with the gold standard methods are reported. Moreover, the application of microfluidic devices to detect Alzheimer's disease related biomarkers is summarized and presented. Finally, some challenges with the performance of novel technologies for isolating and detecting exosomal microRNAs are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Pishbin
- Bio-microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Dehghan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kiani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Hashemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd., Shiraz 7178795844, Iran
| | - Pegah Mousavi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Amid Rahi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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46
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Skouras P, Gargalionis AN, Piperi C. Exosomes as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools in Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10162. [PMID: 37373314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes constitute small extracellular vesicles that contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates from the secreted cells and are capable of transmitting signals between cells and coordinating cellular communication. By this means, they are ultimately involved in physiology and disease, including development, homeostasis, and immune system regulation, as well as contributing to tumor progression and neurodegenerative diseases pathology. Recent studies have shown that gliomas secrete a panel of exosomes which have been associated with cell invasion and migration, tumor immune tolerance, potential for malignant transformation, neovascularization, and resistance to treatment. Exosomes have therefore emerged as intercellular communicators, which mediate the tumor-microenvironment interactions and exosome-regulated glioma cell stemness and angiogenesis. They may induce tumor proliferation and malignancy in normal cells by carrying pro-migratory modulators from cancer cells as well as many different molecular cancer modifiers, such as oncogenic transcripts, miRNAs, mutant oncoproteins, etc., which promote the communication of cancer cells with the surrounding stromal cells and provide valuable information on the molecular profile of the existing tumor. Moreover, engineered exosomes can provide an alternative system for drug delivery and enable efficient treatment. In the present review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the role of exosomes in glioma pathogenesis, their utility in non-invasive diagnosis, and potential applications to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Skouras
- Department of Neurosurgery, 'Evangelismos' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biopathology, 'Eginition' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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47
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Bu Y, Wang J, Ni S, Guo Y, Yobas L. Continuous-flow label-free size fractionation of extracellular vesicles through electrothermal fluid rolls and dielectrophoresis synergistically integrated in a microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2421-2433. [PMID: 36951129 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01193j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived bioparticles that play significant roles in various biological processes including cell-to-cell communication and intercellular delivery. Additionally, they hold great potential as liquid biopsy biomarkers for pre-diagnostic applications. However, the isolation of EV subpopulations, especially exosomes from a biological fluid remains a challenge due to their submicron range. Here, we demonstrate continuous-flow label-free size fractionation of EVs for the first time through a synergistic combination of electrothermal fluid rolls and dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic device. The device features three dimensional microelectrodes with unique sidewall contours that give rise to effective electrothermal fluid rolls in cooperation with dielectrophoretic forces for the electrokinetic manipulation and size separation of submicron particles. We first validate the device functionality by separating submicron polystyrene particles from binary mixtures with a cut-off size of ∼200 nm and then isolate intact exosomes from cell culture medium or blood serum with a high recovery rate and purity (∼80%). The device operation in a high-conductivity medium renders the method ideal for the purification of target bioparticles directly from physiological fluids, and may offer a robust and versatile platform for EV related diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Division of Life Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sheng Ni
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yusong Guo
- Division of Life Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Levent Yobas
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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48
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Su P, Wu Y, Xie F, Zheng Q, Chen L, Liu Z, Meng X, Zhou F, Zhang L. A Review of Extracellular Vesicles in COVID-19 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206095. [PMID: 37144543 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is ongoing, and has necessitated scientific efforts in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Interestingly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been crucial in these developments. EVs are a collection of various nanovesicles which are delimited by a lipid bilayer. They are enriched in proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, and naturally released from different cells. Their natural material transport properties, inherent long-term recycling ability, excellent biocompatibility, editable targeting, and inheritance of parental cell properties make EVs one of the most promising next-generation drug delivery nanocarriers and active biologics. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many efforts have been made to exploit the payload of natural EVs for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, strategies that use engineered EVs to manufacture vaccines and neutralization traps have produced excellent efficacy in animal experiments and clinical trials. Here, the recent literature on the application of EVs in COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment, damage repair, and prevention is reviewed. And the therapeutic value, application strategies, safety, and biotoxicity in the production and clinical applications of EV agents for COVID-19 treatment, as well as inspiration for using EVs to block and eliminate novel viruses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Su
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xie
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qinghui Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, 215600, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
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49
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Małys MS, Köller MC, Papp K, Aigner C, Dioso D, Mucher P, Schachner H, Bonelli M, Haslacher H, Rees AJ, Kain R. Small extracellular vesicles are released ex vivo from platelets into serum and from residual blood cells into stored plasma. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e88. [PMID: 38938276 PMCID: PMC11080719 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) purified from blood have great potential clinically as biomarkers for systemic disease; however interpretation is complicated by release of sEV ex vivo after blood taking. To quantify the problem and devise ways to minimise it, we characterised sEV in paired serum, plasma and platelet poor plasma (PPP) samples from healthy donors. Immunoblotting showed twofold greater abundance of CD9 in sEV fractions from fresh serum than from fresh plasma or PPP. MACSPlex confirmed this, and showed that proteins expressed on platelet sEV, either exclusively (CD41b, CD42a and CD62P) or more widely (HLA-ABC, CD24, CD29 and CD31) were also twofold more abundant; by contrast non-platelet proteins (including CD81) were no different. Storage of plasma (but not serum) increased abundance of platelet and selected leukocyte sEV proteins to at least that of serum, and this could be recapitulated by activating cells in fresh plasma by Ca2+, an effect abrogated in PPP. This suggests that a substantial proportion of sEV in serum and stored plasma were generated ex vivo, which is not the case for fresh plasma or PPP. Thus we provide strategies to minimise ex vivo sEV generation and criteria for identifying those that were present in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristin Papp
- Department of PathologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christof Aigner
- Department of PathologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and DialysisMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daffodil Dioso
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of RheumatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Patrick Mucher
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Helga Schachner
- Department of PathologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of RheumatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andrew J. Rees
- Department of PathologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Renate Kain
- Department of PathologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
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50
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Galardi A, De Bethlen A, Di Paolo V, Lampis S, Mastronuzzi A, Di Giannatale A. Recent Advancements on the Use of Exosomes as Drug Carriers for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040964. [PMID: 37109493 PMCID: PMC10142357 DOI: 10.3390/life13040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive cancer of the brain. Presently, GBM patients have a poor prognosis, and therapy primarily aims to extend the life expectancy of affected patients. The current treatment of GBM in adult cases and high-grade gliomas in the pediatric population involves a multimodal approach that includes surgical resection followed by simultaneous chemo/radiotherapy. Exosomes are nanoparticles that transport proteins and nucleic acids and play a crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Recent evidence suggests that these microvesicles may be used as biological carriers and offer significant advantages in targeted therapy. Due to their inherent cell-targeting properties, circulation stability, and biocompatibility, exosomes are emerging as promising new carriers for drugs and biotherapeutics. Furthermore, these nanovesicles are a repository of potential diagnostic and prognostic markers. In this review, we focus on the therapeutic potentials of exosomes in nano-delivery and describe the latest evidence of their use as a therapeutic tool in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Galardi
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexander De Bethlen
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Di Paolo
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Lampis
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
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