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Zhang T, Mu X, Li Y, Cong S, Zheng S, Huang R, Geng F, Zhao Z. Optical-Cavity-Incorporated Colorful All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices for Dual Anti-Counterfeiting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402670. [PMID: 38663415 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The fusion of electrochromic technology with optical resonant cavities presents an intriguing innovation in the electrochromic field. However, this fusion is mainly achieved in liquid electrolyte-based or sol-gel electrolyte-based electrochromic devices, but not in all-solid-state electrochromic devices, which have broader industrial applications. Here, a new all-solid-state electrochromic device is demonstrated with a metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) resonant cavity, which can achieve strong thin-film interference effects through resonance, enabling the device to achieve unique structural colors that have rarely appeared in reported all-solid-state electrochromic devices, such as yellow green, purple, and light red. The color gamut of the device can be further expanded due to the adjustable optical constants of the electrochromic layer. What is more, this device exhibits remarkable cycling stability (maintaining 84% modulation capability after 7200 cycles), rapid switching time (coloration in 2.6 s and bleaching in 2.8 s), and excellent optical memory effect (only increasing by 13.8% after almost 36 000 s). In addition, this exquisite structural design has dual-responsive anti-counterfeiting effects based on voltage and angle, further demonstrating the powerful color modulation capability of this device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyang Zhang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Mu
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yaowu Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shan Cong
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shunan Zheng
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Geng
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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2
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Tian X, Li F, Tang Z, Wang S, Weng K, Liu D, Lu S, Liu W, Fu Z, Li W, Qiu H, Tu M, Zhang H, Li J. Crosslinking-induced patterning of MOFs by direct photo- and electron-beam lithography. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2920. [PMID: 38575569 PMCID: PMC10995132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with diverse chemistry, structures, and properties have emerged as appealing materials for miniaturized solid-state devices. The incorporation of MOF films in these devices, such as the integrated microelectronics and nanophotonics, requires robust patterning methods. However, existing MOF patterning methods suffer from some combinations of limited material adaptability, compromised patterning resolution and scalability, and degraded properties. Here we report a universal, crosslinking-induced patterning approach for various MOFs, termed as CLIP-MOF. Via resist-free, direct photo- and electron-beam (e-beam) lithography, the ligand crosslinking chemistry leads to drastically reduced solubility of colloidal MOFs, permitting selective removal of unexposed MOF films with developer solvents. This enables scalable, micro-/nanoscale (≈70 nm resolution), and multimaterial patterning of MOFs on large-area, rigid or flexible substrates. Patterned MOF films preserve their crystallinity, porosity, and other properties tailored for targeted applications, such as diffractive gas sensors and electrochromic pixels. The combined features of CLIP-MOF create more possibilities in the system-level integration of MOFs in various electronic, photonic, and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhenyuan Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wangyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhong Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Min Tu
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Institute of Life Science and Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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3
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Feng J, Wang X, Luo Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Wei C, Cai G. Transparent-to-Brown-Black Patterned Electrochromic Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1170-1178. [PMID: 38149966 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit promising electrochromic (EC) performance owing to their porous structure, regular channel, and tunable component characteristics. However, few reports focus on MOF materials with the EC performance of a transparent to brown-black (neutral colored state) change that is more suitable for smart windows. In this work, we proposed a strategy for synthesizing MOF (named Ni-BPY) EC materials and corresponding films fabricated via a low-cost electrostatic spray deposition technique. The obtained film exhibits excellent EC performance with a neutral color change from transparent to brown-black, a large optical modulation of 70% at 430 nm, and a fast response within 10 s. Benefiting from good electrical and chemical stability, the Ni-BPY film can be cycled over 500 times. Notably, the Ni-BPY MOF film also delivers a stepwise-controlled process during the bleached state due to its porous characteristics. In addition, the unique color variation of the Ni-BPY film derives from the redox reaction of the Ni metal node between Ni2+ and Ni3+, which is verified by the in situ potential-dependent Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement. As a proof of application, the patterned Ni-BPY EC films and devices are additionally constructed to demonstrate their potential application in electronic tags and logo displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Feng
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zhuanpei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Congyuan Wei
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Guofa Cai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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4
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Kumar A, Li J, Inge AK, Ott S. Electrochromism in Isoreticular Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films with Record High Coloration Efficiency. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21595-21603. [PMID: 37851935 PMCID: PMC10655172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The power of isoreticular chemistry has been widely exploited to engineer metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with fascinating molecular sieving and storage properties but is underexplored for designing MOFs with tunable optoelectronic properties. Herein, three dipyrazole-terminated XDIs (X = PM (pyromellitic), N (naphthalene), or P (perylene); DI = diimide) with different lengths and electronic properties are prepared and employed as linkers for the construction of an isoreticular series of Zn-XDI MOFs with distinct electrochromism. The MOFs are grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as high-quality crystalline thin films and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Due to the constituting electronically isolated XDI linkers, each member of the isoreticular thin film series exhibits two reversible one-electron redox events, each at a distinct electrochemical potential. The orientation of the MOFs as thin films as well as their isoreticular nature results in identical cation-coupled electron hopping transport rates in all three materials, as demonstrated by comparable apparent electron diffusion coefficients, Deapp. Upon electrochemical reduction to either the [XDI]•- or [XDI]2- state, each MOF undergoes characteristic changes in its optical properties as a function of linker length and redox state of the linker. Operando spectroelectrochemistry measurements reveal that Zn-PDI@FTO (PDI = perylene diimide) thin films exhibit a record high coloration efficiency of 941 cm2 C-1 at 746 nm, which is attributed to the maximized Faradaic transformations at each electronically isolated PDI unit. The electrochromic response of the thin film is retained to more than 99% over 100 reduction-oxidation cycles, demonstrating the applicability of the presented materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jingguo Li
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Ken Inge
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Feng J, Luo Y, Wang X, Cai G, Cao R. A Large-Area Patterned Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework Electrochromic Film and Device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304691. [PMID: 37403296 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of a patterned hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) films on a large scale is an extreme challenge. In this work, a large area HOF film (30 × 30 cm2 ) is prepared via an efficient and low-cost electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) approach on the un-modified conductive substrates directly. Combining the ESD with a template method, variously patterned HOF films can be easily produced, including deer- and horse-shaped films. The obtained films exhibit excellent electrochromic performance with multicolor change from yellow to green and violet, and two-band regulation at 550 and 830 nm. Benefiting from the inherently present channels of HOF materials and the additional film porosity created by ESD, the PFC-1 film could quickly change color (within 10 s). Furthermore, the large-area patterned EC device is constructed based on the above film to prove practical potential application. The presented ESD method can be extended to other HOF materials; thus, this work paves a feasible path for constructing large-area patterned HOF films for practical optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Feng
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Guofa Cai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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6
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Chen J, Song G, Cong S, Zhao Z. Resonant-Cavity-Enhanced Electrochromic Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300179. [PMID: 36929668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With rapid advances in optoelectronics, electrochromic materials and devices have received tremendous attentions from both industry and academia for their strong potentials in wearable and portable electronics, displays/billboards, adaptive camouflage, tunable optics, and intelligent devices, etc. However, conventional electrochromic materials and devices typically present some serious limitations such as undesirable dull colors, and long switching time, hindering their deeper development. Optical resonators have been proven to be the most powerful platform for providing strong optical confinement and controllable lightmatter interactions. They generate locally enhanced electromagnetic near-fields that can convert small refractive index changes in electrochromic materials into high-contrast color variations, enabling multicolor or even panchromatic tuning of electrochromic materials. Here, resonant-cavity-enhanced electrochromic materials and devices, an advanced and emerging trend in electrochromics, are reviewed. In this review, w e will focus on the progress in multicolor electrochromic materials and devices based on different types of optical resonators and their advanced and emerging applications, including multichromatic displays, adaptive visible camouflage, visualized energy storage, and applications of multispectral tunability. Among these topics, principles of optical resonators, related materials/devices and multicolor electrochromic properties are comprehensively discussed and summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects for resonant-cavity-enhanced electrochromic materials and devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ge Song
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shan Cong
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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7
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Shao X, Yang Y, Huang Q, Dai D, Fu H, Gong G, Zhang C, Ouyang M, Li W, Dong Y. Soluble polymer facilely self-grown in situ on conducting substrates at room temperature towards electrochromic applications. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15440-15446. [PMID: 37403829 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic polymer film preparation methods such as spin coating, spray coating, and electrochemical polymerization, are commonly used. At present, developing new film preparation technology is an important aspect in the field of electrochromics. Herein, a continuous in situ self-growing method based on the chemical reaction occurring on the surface of an ITO glass between a metal oxide and organic acid groups was successfully applied to prepare electrochromic polymer films at a mild room temperature. SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, XPS, and XRD characterization methods were combined to reveal the process and mechanism of film formation. The following notable electrochromic properties were observed: switching time within 6 s, contrast reached 35%, and minimal decrease of stability after 600 cycles. Finally, the patterned films were obtained through the directional growth of polymers in solution. This study provides an effective strategy for designing and preparing electrochromic films by self-growing methods in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongchao Shao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhua Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Qidi Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Dacheng Dai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Haichang Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Guohua Gong
- Oriental Anasak Crop Technology Co. LTD, Longyou, 324400, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Mi Ouyang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Weijun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yujie Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
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8
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Zhang S, Liu X, Hao P, Li G, Shen J, Fu Y. Dual Photo-/Electrochromic Pyromellitic Diimide-Based Coordination Polymer. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14912-14921. [PMID: 37667503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
By the combination of N,N'-bis(carboxymethyl)-pyromellitic diimide (H2CMPMD, 1) and zinc ions, a novel PMD-based coordination polymer (CP), [Zn(CMPMD)(DMF)1.5]·0.5DMF (2) (DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide), has been prepared and characterized. 1 and 2 exhibit completely different photochromic properties, which are mainly reflected in the photoresponsive rate (5 s for 1 vs 1 s for 2) and coloration contrast (from colorless to light green for 1 vs green for 2). This phenomenon should be attributed to the introduction of zinc ions and the consequent formation of the distinct interfacial contacts of electron donors (EDs) and electron acceptors (EAs) (dn-π = 3.404 and 3.448 Å for 1 vs dn-π = 3.343, 3.359, 3.398, and 3.495 Å for 2), suggesting a subtle modulating effect of metal ions on interfacial contacts, photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer (PIET) and photochromic behaviors. Interestingly, the photochromic performance of 2 can be enhanced after the removal of coordinated DMF, which might be ascribed to the decrease of the distance of EDs/EAs caused by lattice shrinkage, which further improves the efficiency of PIET. Meanwhile, 2 displays rapid electrochromic behavior with an obvious reversible color change from colorless to green, which can be used in an electrochromic device. This work develops a new type of EA for the construction of stimuli-responsive functional materials with excellent dual photo-/electrochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Junju Shen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yunlong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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9
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Monnier V, Odobel F, Diring S. Exploring the Impact of Successive Redox Events in Thin Films of Metal-Organic Frameworks: An Absorptiometric Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19232-19242. [PMID: 37615947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring redox activity are highly appealing for electrocatalytic or charge accumulation applications. An important aspect in this field is the ability to address as many redox centers as possible in the material by an efficient diffusion of charges. Herein, we investigate for the first time the charge diffusion processes occurring upon two sequential one-electron reductions in an MOF thin film. Two pyrazolate-zinc(II)-based MOFs including highly electro-deficient perylene diimide (PDI) ligands were grown on conducting substrates, affording thin films with double n-type electrochromic properties as characterized by spectroelectrochemical analysis. In depth electrochemical and chronoabsorptiometric investigations were carried out to probe the charge diffusion in the MOF layers and highlighted significant differences in terms of diffusion kinetics and material stability between the first and second successive reduction of the redox-active PDI linkers. Our results show that MOFs based on multiredox centers are more sensitive to encumbrance-related issues than their monoredox analogues in the context of electrochemical applications, an observation that further underlines the fundamental aspect of careful pore dimensions toward efficient and fast ion diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Monnier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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10
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Banasz R, Wałęsa-Chorab M. Photolithographic patterning of viologens containing styrene groups. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16206-16210. [PMID: 37266491 PMCID: PMC10230511 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple method for the patterning of styrene derivatives for electrochromic applications is presented. Novel viologen derivatives containing styrene groups were used in the formation of patternable electrochromic films. The patterning was done via photopolymerization and it shows the possibility of the use of styrene derivatives for the preparation of electrochromic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Banasz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Monika Wałęsa-Chorab
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
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11
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Giri D, Saha SK, Siemons N, Anderson I, Yu H, Nelson J, Canjeevaram Balasubramanyam RK, Patil S. Ion Size-Dependent Electrochromism in Air-Stable Napthalenediimide-Based Conjugated Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17767-17778. [PMID: 37011231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) that show stable and reversible cation insertion/deinsertion under ambient conditions hold great potential for optoelectronic and energy storage devices. However, n-doped CPs are prone to parasitic reactions upon exposure to moisture or oxygen. This study reports a new family of napthalenediimide (NDI) based conjugated polymers capable of undergoing electrochemical n-type doping in ambient air. By functionalizing the NDI-NDI repeating unit with alternating triethylene glycol and octadecyl side chains, the polymer backbone shows stable electrochemical doping at ambient conditions. We systematically investigate the extent of volumetric doping involving monovalent cations of varying size (Li+, Na+, tetraethylammonium (TEA+)) with electrochemical methods, including cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We observed that introducing hydrophilic side chains on the polymer backbone improves the local dielectric environment of the backbones and lowers the energetic barrier for ion insertion. Surprisingly, when using Na+ electrolyte, the polymer films exhibit higher volumetric doping efficiency, faster-switching kinetics, higher optical contrast, and selective multielectrochromism when compared to Li+ or TEA+ electrolytes. Using well-tempered metadynamics, we characterize the free energetics of side chain-ion interactions to find that Li+ binds more tightly to the glycolated NDI moieties than Na+, hindering Li+ ion transport, switching kinetics, and limiting the films' doping efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Giri
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Shraman Kumar Saha
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Nicholas Siemons
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Anderson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
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12
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Tao CA, Li Y, Wang J. The progress of electrochromic materials based on metal–organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Poh WC, Eh ALS, Wu W, Guo X, Lee PS. Rapidly Photocurable Solid-State Poly(ionic liquid) Ionogels For Thermally Robust and Flexible Electrochromic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206952. [PMID: 36255145 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Formation of ionogels through in situ polymerization can effectively improve electrolyte processability; however, the curing process has been slow and oxygen-sensitive. Considering the low oxygen solubility of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), in situ polymerized ionogels are designed to realize excellent electrolytes. Herein, two in situ polymerized ionogels (PIL A & PIL B) are formulated, and they can be rapidly photocured within a minute. The ionogels are highly transparent, stretchable, and exhibit excellent physicochemical stability, including thermal, electrochemical, and air stability, allowing them to perform in various conditions. Benefitting from these properties, two high-performance electrochromic devices (ECDs) are assembled, with iron-centered coordination polymer (FeCP) and tungsten oxide (P-WO3 ) electrochromic materials, achieving high color contrast (45.2% and 56.4%), fast response time (1.5/1.9 and 1.7/6.4 s), and excellent cycling endurance (>90% retention over 3000 cycles). Attributed to the thermal robustness of the ionogels, the ECDs can also be operated over a wide temperature range (-20 to 100 °C). With the use of deformable substrates (e.g., ultrathin ITO glass), curved electrochromic eye protector and flexible electrochromic displays are realized, highlighting their potential use in futuristic wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Church Poh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Alice Lee-Sie Eh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Wenting Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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14
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Xu K, Wang L, Xiong S, Ge C, Wang L, Wang B, Wang W, Chen M, Liu G. Hydrothermally Prepared Ultra-stable Multilayer Nanoflake NiO-based Electrochromic Films. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Wu Z, Lian Z, Yan S, Li J, Xu J, Chen S, Tang Z, Wang SP, Ng KW. Extraordinarily Stable Aqueous Electrochromic Battery Based on Li 4Ti 5O 12 and Hybrid Al 3+/Zn 2+ Electrolyte. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13199-13210. [PMID: 35938940 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous electrochromic battery (ECB) is a multifunctional technology that shows great potential in various applications including energy-saving buildings and wearable batteries with visible energy levels. However, owing to the mismatch between traditional electrochromic materials and the electrolyte, aqueous ECBs generally exhibit poor cycling stability which bottlenecks their practical commercialization. Herein, we present an ultrastable electrochromic system composed of lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) electrode and Al3+/Zn2+ hybrid electrolyte. The fully compatible system exhibits excellent redox reaction reversibility, thus leading to extremely high cycling stabilities in optical contrast (12 500 cycles with unnoticeable degradation) and energy storage (4000 cycles with 82.6% retention of capacity), superior electrochromic performances including high optical contrast (∼74.73%) and fast responses (4.35 s/7.65 s for bleaching/coloring), as well as excellent discharge areal capacity of 151.94 mAh m-2. The extraordinary cycling stability can be attributed to the robust [TiO6] octahedral frameworks which remain chemically active even upon the gradual substitution of Li+ with Al3+ in LTO over multiple operation cycles. The high-performance electrochromic system demonstrated here not only makes the commercialization of low-cost, high-safety aqueous-based electrochromic devices possible but also provides potential design guidance for LTO-related materials used in aqueous-based energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Wu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Lian
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Yan
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Jielei Li
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Xu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Shi Chen
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Peng Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Kar Wei Ng
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
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16
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Abstract
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With the rapid development of optoelectronic fields,
electrochromic
(EC) materials and devices have received remarkable attention and
have shown attractive potential for use in emerging wearable and portable
electronics, electronic papers/billboards, see-through displays, and
other new-generation displays, due to the advantages of low power
consumption, easy viewing, flexibility, stretchability, etc. Despite
continuous progress in related fields, determining how to make electrochromics
truly meet the requirements of mature displays (e.g., ideal overall
performance) has been a long-term problem. Therefore, the commercialization
of relevant high-quality products is still in its infancy. In this
review, we will focus on the progress in emerging EC materials and
devices for potential displays, including two mainstream EC display
prototypes (segmented displays and pixel displays) and their commercial
applications. Among these topics, the related materials/devices, EC
performance, construction approaches, and processing techniques are
comprehensively disscussed and reviewed. We also outline the current
barriers with possible solutions and discuss the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Bo Jia
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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17
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Fully organic electroactive monomers for electrochromic behaviors having high coloration efficiency and long cycle stability towards flexible Solid-State electrochromic device. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Interpretation of impedance spectroscopy data requires both a description of the chemistry and physics that govern the system and an assessment of the error structure of the measurement. The approach presented here includes use of graphical methods to guide model development, use of a measurement model analysis to assess the presence of stochastic and bias errors, and a systematic development of interpretation models in terms of the proposed reaction mechanism and physical description. Application to corrosion, batteries, and biological systems is discussed, and emerging trends in interpretation and implementation of impedance spectroscopy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vivier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75005 Cedex 05, France
| | - Mark E Orazem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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19
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Chen X, Zhang H, Li W, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Li Y. CaF 2: A novel electrolyte for all solid-state electrochromic devices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 10:100164. [PMID: 36159735 PMCID: PMC9488006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The energy consumption in building ventilation, air, and heating conditioning systems, accounts for about 25% of the overall energy consumption in modern society. Therefore, cutting carbon emissions and reducing energy consumption is a growing priority in building construction. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) are considered to be a highly promising energy-saving technology, due to their simple structure, active control, and low energy input characteristics. At present, H+, OH- and Li+ are the main electrolyte ions used for ECDs. However, H+ and OH- based electrolytes have a high erosive effect on the material surface and have a relatively short lifetime. Li+-based electrolytes are limited due to their high cost and safety concerns. In this study, inspired by prior research on Ca2+ batteries and supercapacitors, CaF2 films were prepared by electron beam evaporation as a Ca2+-based electrolyte layer to construct ECDs. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of CaF2 films were characterized. ECDs with the structure of ITO (indium tin oxide) glass/WO3/CaF2/NiO/ITO show short switching times (22.8 s for the coloring process, 2.8 s for the bleaching process). Additionally, optical modulation of the ECDs is about 38.8% at 750 nm. These findings indicate that Ca2+ based ECDs have the potential to become a competitive and attractive choice for large-scale commercial smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Hulin Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Yingjun Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
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20
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Dewan A, Sur S, Narayanan R, Ottakam Thotiyl M. MOF derived carbon embedded NiO for an alkaline Zn‐NiO electrochromic battery. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anweshi Dewan
- IISER P: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Pune Physics INDIA
| | - Soumodip Sur
- IISER P: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Pune Chemistry INDIA
| | - Remya Narayanan
- University of Pune: Savitribai Phule Pune University Environmental Science INDIA
| | - Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl
- IISER Pune: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Pune Chemistry Pune 411008 Pune INDIA
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21
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Li WB, Chen XH, Chen JZ, Huang R, Ye JW, Chen L, Wang HP, Yang T, Tang LY, Bai J, Mo ZW, Chen XM. Photochromic Metal-Organic Framework for High-Resolution Inkless and Erasable Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8458-8463. [PMID: 35129947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inkless and erasable printing as a new technology has received intense attention in reducing paper waste and environmental hazards caused by the use of large amounts of ink. However, achieving high-resolution printing by inkless and erasable printing for practical applications remains a huge challenge. Herein, a new metal-organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized, which exhibits a reversible photochromic behavior. None of the unpaired electrons of metal ions and a unique three-dimensional network hinder electron transfer between the ligands and metal nodes, as well as between the ligands themselves, which are conducive to prolonging the photo-generated color lifetime and suitable for inkless and erasable printing. By virtue of the proper photo-generated color lifetime, strong contrast color before and after light irradiation, and reversible color transformation, a high-resolution printing content for inkless and erasable printing can be achieved by light irradiation. Notably, the paper coated with this MOF can be used for printing not only simple patterns such as pictures but also even texts for practical applications, surpassing other photochromic MOF materials for inkless and erasable printing, and almost comparable to ink and laser printing in terms of practicality and resolution. In addition, the MOF-coated paper can be reused for multiple cycles without significant deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Xiong-Hai Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Jia-Zhe Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Jia-Wen Ye
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Hai-Ping Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Liu-Yan Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Jie Bai
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zong-Wen Mo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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22
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Yan T, Li YY, Gu QY, Li J, Su J, Wang HY, Zuo JL. A Tetrathiafulvalene/Naphthalene Diimide-Containing Metal-Organic Framework with fsc Topology for Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Photothermal Conversion. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3078-3085. [PMID: 35142506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide broad prospects for the development of new photothermal conversion materials, while their design and synthesis remain challenging. A new Zn-MOF (1) containing both tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) as an electron donor and naphthalene diimide (NDI) as an electron acceptor was constructed by using a space limiting effect. The material exhibited wide absorption peaks in the near-infrared region, indicating that there was strong charge transfer interaction between the TTF and NDI units and providing the possibility of photothermal conversion. 1 shows efficient near-infrared photothermal conversion performance. Under 808 nm laser (0.4 W cm-2) illumination, the temperature of 1 increased rapidly from room temperature to 250 °C, with good thermal stability and cycle durability. This work provides an efficient strategy for promising materials in photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qin-Yi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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23
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Goswami S, Ma K, Duan J, Kirlikovali KO, Bai J, Hupp JT, Li P, Farha OK. Understanding Diffusional Charge Transport within a Pyrene-Based Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1533-1539. [PMID: 35049315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically active hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) offer opportunities to study charge transport in supramolecular systems where the rate of movement of charges is dependent on weak electronic coupling between individual components. Here, we used potential-step chronoamperometric measurements on electrochemically active, drop-cast HOF-102 films to estimate both redox-hopping-based apparent diffusion coefficients for charge transport and rate constants for linker-to-linker charge transfer (hole transfer) in the mesoporous two-dimensional (2D) plane created by interlinker hydrogen bonding. Also present are one-dimensional columns formed by stacking pyrene units. However, because the HOF-102 crystallites containing these columns are oriented parallel to an underlying electrode, dynamics of charge transport (hole-transport) along the column axis, in contrast to the plane, are not directly probed by the electrochemical measurements. Furthermore, we employed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to measure the electrical conductivity of the as-deposited films biased at various potentials. We found that both the neutral/singly oxidized and the singly oxidized/doubly oxidized pyrene linker redox couples of HOF-102 can engender hopping-based film conductivity within the 2D plane of HOF-102. Consistent with the radical cation and radical dication nature of the singly and doubly oxidized linkers, respectively, HOF-102 films are electrochromic. The measured values of in-plane charge-diffusion coefficients (∼10-10 to 10-11 cm2 s-1) and electrical conductivity (∼10-6 to 10-8 S cm-1) compare favorably with those for related redox-conductive MOFs and suggest that the transport and conductivity parameters for HOF-102 are sufficiently large to support electrocatalysis by subsequently installed catalysts in films─specifically, films of micron or greater thickness, corresponding to the equivalent hundreds of monolayers of closely packed (i.e., face-to-face-packed) pyrene-derivatives, but with solution access (solvent, ion, and reactant access) still readily provided by channels oriented parallel to an underlying planar electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Goswami
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kaikai Ma
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kent O Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jiaquan Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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24
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Liu J, Li M, Yu J. High-Performance Electrochromic Covalent Hybrid Framework Membranes via a Facile One-Pot Synthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2051-2057. [PMID: 34978179 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Porous framework materials have sparked enormous interest in the electrochromic field, as they possess intrinsic high porosity and a large surface area that are beneficial for electron and ion transport. However, the fabrication of these porous framework materials often requires multiple processing steps or harsh reaction conditions, which significantly limit large-scale fabrication of such materials. In this work, we report a one-pot in situ polycondensation method to construct electrochromic covalent hybrid framework membranes via nucleophilic substitutions between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and triphenylamine (TPA) in an ambient environment. With the high transparency of polyphosphazene in a wide optical range, the constructed phosphazene-triphenylamine (PPTA) covalent hybrid framework membranes can be reversibly switched between light gray and dark blue, with a high transmittance change of up to 79.8%@668 nm and fast switching time (<4 s). Owing to the easy one-pot fabrication and good electrochromic properties, the PPTA covalent hybrid framework membrane has great potential in various fields such as displays and dynamic optical windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Minglun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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25
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Wang Z, Jia X, Zhang P, Liu Y, Qi H, Zhang P, Kaiser U, Reineke S, Dong R, Feng X. Viologen-Immobilized 2D Polymer Film Enabling Highly Efficient Electrochromic Device for Solar-Powered Smart Window. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106073. [PMID: 34613639 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) have emerged as a unique class of optoelectronic devices for the development of smart windows. However, current ECDs typically suffer from low coloration efficiency (CE) and high energy consumption, which have thus hindered their practical applications, especially as components in solar-powered EC windows. Here, the high-performance ECDs with a fully crystalline viologen-immobilized 2D polymer (V2DP) thin film as the color-switching layer is demonstrated. The high density of vertically oriented pore channels (pore size ≈ 4.5 nm; pore density ≈ 5.8 × 1016 m-2 ) in the synthetic V2DP film enables high utilization of redox-active viologen moieties and benefits for Li+ ion diffusion/transport. As a result, the as-fabricated ECDs achieve a rapid switching speed (coloration, 2.8 s; bleaching, 1.2 s), and a high CE (989 cm2 C-1 ), and low energy consumption (21.1 µW cm-2 ). Moreover, it is managed to fabricate transmission-tunable, self-sustainable EC window prototypes by vertically integrating the V2DP ECDs with transparent solar cells. This work sheds light on designing electroactive 2D polymers with molecular precision for optoelectronics and paves a practical route toward developing self-powered EC windows to offset the electricity consumption of buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiangkun Jia
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yannan Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reineke
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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26
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Mei J, Liao T, Sun Z. Crystal Channel Engineering for Rapid Ion Transport: From Nature to Batteries. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103938. [PMID: 34881478 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ion transport behaviours through cell membranes are commonly identified in biological systems, which are crucial for sustaining life for organisms. Similarly, ion transport is significant for electrochemical ion storage in rechargeable batteries, which has attracted much attention in recent years. Rapid ion transport can be well achieved by crystal channels engineering, such as creating pores or tailoring interlayer spacing down to the nanometre or even sub-nanometre scale. Furthermore, some functional channels, such as ion selective channels and stimulus-responsive channels, are developed for smart ion storage applications. In this review, the typical ion transport phenomena in the biological systems, including ion channels and pumps, are first introduced, and then ion transport mechanisms in solid and liquid crystals are comprehensively reviewed, particularly for the widely studied porous inorganic/organic hybrid crystals and ultrathin inorganic materials. Subsequently, recent progress on the ion transport properties in electrodes and electrolytes is reviewed for rechargeable batteries. Finally, current challenges in the ion transport behaviours in rechargeable batteries are analysed and some potential research approaches, such as bioinspired ultrafast ion transport structures and membranes, are proposed for future studies. It is expected that this review can give a comprehensive understanding on the ion transport mechanisms within crystals and provide some novel design concepts on promoting electrochemical ion storage capability in rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mei
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Ting Liao
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Ziqi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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27
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Qin Z, Li M, Flohn J, Hu Y. Thermal management materials for energy-efficient and sustainable future buildings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12236-12253. [PMID: 34723305 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05486d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermal management plays a key role in improving the energy efficiency and sustainability of future building envelopes. Here, we focus on the materials perspective and discuss the fundamental needs, current status, and future opportunities for thermal management of buildings. First, we identify the primary considerations and evaluation criteria for high-performance thermal materials. Second, state-of-the-art thermal materials are reviewed, ranging from conventional thermal insulating fiberglass, mineral wool, cellulose, and foams, to aerogels and mesoporous structures, as well as multifunctional thermal management materials. Further, recent progress on passive regulation and thermal energy storage systems are discussed, including sensible heat storage, phase change materials, and radiative cooling. Moreover, we discuss the emerging materials systems with tunable thermal and other physical properties that could potentially enable dynamic and interactive thermal management solutions for future buildings. Finally, we discuss the recent progress in theory and computational design from first-principles atomistic theory, molecular dynamics, to multiscale simulations and machine learning. We expect the rational design that combines data-driven computation and multiscale experiments could bridge the materials properties from microscopic to macroscopic scales and provide new opportunities in improving energy efficiency and enabling adaptive implementation per customized demand for future buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Qin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Man Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jessica Flohn
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yongjie Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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28
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Wang JL, Liu JW, Sheng SZ, He Z, Gao J, Yu SH. Manipulating Nanowire Assemblies toward Multicolor Transparent Electrochromic Device. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9203-9209. [PMID: 34677062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Assembling various nanowires together, enabling the assemblies with tailored optical, electrical, and multifunctional properties, represents a promising technology for next generation multifunctional electronics. Here we demonstrate a novel multicolor electrochromic device by coassembling W18O49 and V2O5 nanowires using solution-based Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The transparent W18O49 nanowire film became orange with the increasing addition of V2O5 nanowires and the film underwent a dynamic color change (orange, green, and gray) on application of different electrochemical biases of 2, 0, and -0.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Both the transmittance and color of the device can be easily controlled by manipulating the layers of coassembled nanowires and the ratios between the two nanowires. On the basis of this approach, different patterns can be easily fabricated with the addition of corresponding masks, and the solid electrochromic device is assembled, suggesting its significant potentials in smart windows and multicolor electrochromic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Si-Zhe Sheng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen He
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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29
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Wu X, Wang K, Lin J, Yan D, Guo Z, Zhan H. A thin film of naphthalenediimide-based metal-organic framework with electrochromic properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:73-79. [PMID: 33756370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A metal-organic framework (MOF) thin film constructed from Zn nodes and naphthalenediimide (NDI) linkers was grown in-situ uniformly on a transparent conducting glass substrate. This transparent thin film exhibits intriguingly high-contrast electrochromic (EC) switching between canary yellow and dark brown by means of a one-electron redox reaction at its NDI linkers. The findings provide a basic comprehension of the relations between redox state and electrochromism and enrich the application of MOF in the field of optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, PR China
| | - Junyu Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, PR China
| | - Dan Yan
- Testing Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, Fuzhou University, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, PR China
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30
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Hao Q, Li ZJ, Bai B, Zhang X, Zhong YW, Wan LJ, Wang D. A Covalent Organic Framework Film for Three-State Near-Infrared Electrochromism and a Molecular Logic Gate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12498-12503. [PMID: 33756014 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A Kagome structure covalent organic framework (COF) film with three-state NIR electrochromic properties was designed and synthesized. The COFTPDA-PDA film is composed of hexagonal nanosheets with high crystallinity and has three reversible color states at different applied potentials. It has high absorption spectra changes in the NIR region, ascribed to the strong intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) interaction of the Class III mixed-valence systems of the conjugated triphenylamine species. The film showed sub-second response time (1.3 s for coloring and 0.7 s for bleaching at 1050 nm) and long retention time in the NIR region. COFTPDA-PDA film shows superior NIR electrochromic properties in term of response time and stability, attributed to the highly ordered porous structure and the π-π stacking structure of the COFTPDA-PDA architecture. The COFTPDA-PDA film was applied in mimicking a flip-flop logic gate with optical memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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31
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Wu W, Fang H, Ma H, Wu L, Wang Q, Wang H. Self-Powered Rewritable Electrochromic Display based on WO 3-x Film with Mechanochemically Synthesized MoO 3-y Nanosheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20326-20335. [PMID: 33881294 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic displays with bistable color states provide a promising means toward transparent human-machine interfaces. However, the need for external power and the weak optical modulation in the visible light region of most electrochromic devices hinder their practical applications in displays. Here we prepare the MoO3-y/WO3-x films based on MoO3-y nanosheets, which show a dark blue color that matches the response of the eye and meets visual comfort standards compared to pure WO3-x film. By introducing the highly transparent Al3+ ion hydrogel layer, a convenient electrochromic device driven by the internal chemical potential has been designed. The device based on the MoO3-y /WO3-x film exhibits a high optical modulation in the whole visible light range and can operate at self-powered mode with fast response speed and excellent cycle stability. Moreover, we develop an ionic writing board based on the MoO3-y/WO3-x film to surmount the fixed display information issue in conventional electrochromic displays. The ionic writing board exhibits excellent visual display quality and realizes arbitrary writing with a self-powered characteristic. This work provides a simple mechanochemical synthesis procedure of MoO3-y nanosheets and an ingenious design of self-powered electrochromic devices, which will enable the development of next-generation high-performance electrochromic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Huajing Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Novel Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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32
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33
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Hao Q, Li Z, Bai B, Zhang X, Zhong Y, Wan L, Wang D. A Covalent Organic Framework Film for Three‐State Near‐Infrared Electrochromism and a Molecular Logic Gate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Bin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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34
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Zhu C, Chen H, Chen C, Yu Y. Preparation of porous polyamide films with enhanced electrochromic performance by electrostatic spray deposition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Li R, Ma X, Li J, Cao J, Gao H, Li T, Zhang X, Wang L, Zhang Q, Wang G, Hou C, Li Y, Palacios T, Lin Y, Wang H, Ling X. Flexible and high-performance electrochromic devices enabled by self-assembled 2D TiO 2/MXene heterostructures. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1587. [PMID: 33707439 PMCID: PMC7952574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are promising electrochromic (EC) materials for applications such as smart windows and displays, yet the challenge still exists to achieve good flexibility, high coloration efficiency and fast response simultaneously. MXenes (e.g. Ti3C2Tx) and their derived TMOs (e.g. 2D TiO2) are good candidates for high-performance and flexible EC devices because of their 2D nature and the possibility of assembling them into loosely networked structures. Here we demonstrate flexible, fast, and high-coloration-efficiency EC devices based on self-assembled 2D TiO2/Ti3C2Tx heterostructures, with the Ti3C2Tx layer as the transparent electrode, and the 2D TiO2 layer as the EC layer. Benefiting from the well-balanced porosity and connectivity of these assembled nanometer-thick heterostructures, they present fast and efficient ion and electron transport, as well as superior mechanical and electrochemical stability. We further demonstrate large-area flexible devices which could potentially be integrated onto curved and flexible surfaces for future ubiquitous electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongze Gao
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianshu Li
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaogang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tomás Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuxuan Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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36
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Applications of reticular diversity in metal–organic frameworks: An ever-evolving state of the art. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Zhou Y, Han L. Recent advances in naphthalenediimide-based metal-organic frameworks: Structures and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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38
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Li X, Wang Z, Chen K, Zemlyanov DY, You L, Mei J. Stabilizing Hybrid Electrochromic Devices through Pairing Electrochromic Polymers with Minimally Color-Changing Ion-Storage Materials Having Closely Matched Electroactive Voltage Windows. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5312-5318. [PMID: 33470091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated electrochromic polymers hold great promises for next-generation color-changing windows and displays. One of the major roadblocks in their solid-state electrochromic devices is the relatively poor cycling stability. Finding ion-storage materials as a charge-balancing component is critical in improving their electrochemical cycling stability. A key criterion for the selection of ion-storage materials is to match their electroactive voltage windows with the paired electrochromic polymers. Thus, we developed a nanostructured, amorphous vanadium oxide (VOx) ion-storage material that exhibits high transmissivity, minimal color interference, and excellent charge-balancing capability in a closely matched electroactive window with the paired electrochromic polymers. High-performance magenta-to-transmissive hybrid electrochromic devices constructed from pairing the polymer with the VOx can be reversibly switched for 50 000 cycles with an optical loss less than 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dmitry Y Zemlyanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Liyan You
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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39
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40
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Feng J, Liu T, Cao R. An Electrochromic Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22392-22396. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐fei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Tian‐Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
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41
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Feng J, Liu T, Cao R. An Electrochromic Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐fei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Tian‐Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
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Cai G, Cui P, Shi W, Morris S, Lou SN, Chen J, Ciou J, Paidi VK, Lee K, Li S, Lee PS. One-Dimensional π-d Conjugated Coordination Polymer for Electrochromic Energy Storage Device with Exceptionally High Performance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903109. [PMID: 33101842 PMCID: PMC7578889 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of previously unidentified materials that could realize excellent electrochemical-controlled optical and charge storage properties simultaneously, are especially desirable and useful for fabricating smart multifunctional devices. Here, a facile synthesis of a 1D π-d conjugated coordination polymer (Ni-BTA) is reported, consisting of metal (Ni)-containing nodes and organic linkers (1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine), which could be easily grown on various substrates via a scalable chemical bath deposition method. The resulting Ni-BTA film exhibits superior performances for both electrochromic and energy storage functions, such as large optical modulation (61.3%), high coloration efficiency (223.6 cm2 C-1), and high gravimetric capacity (168.1 mAh g-1). In particular, the Ni-BTA film can maintain its electrochemical recharge-ability and electrochromic properties even after 10 000 electrochemical cycles demonstrating excellent durability. Moreover, a smart energy storage indicator is demonstrated in which the energy storage states can be visually recognized in real time. The excellent electrochromic and charge storage performances of Ni-BTA films present a great promise for Ni-BTA nanowires to be used as practical electrode materials in various applications such as electrochromic devices, energy storage cells, and multifunctional smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofa Cai
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High‐efficiency Display and Lighting TechnologySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and ApplicationsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004China
| | - Peng Cui
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High‐efficiency Display and Lighting TechnologySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and ApplicationsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Present address:
School of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane ProcessesTiangong UniversityTianjin300387PR China
| | - Samuel Morris
- Facility for Analysis Characterisation Testing & Simulation (FACTS)Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Shi Nee Lou
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Singapore‐HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE)Nanomaterials for Energy and Water Nexus (NEW)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)1 Create WaySingapore138602Singapore
- Division of Environmental Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐GuPohangGyeongbuk37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jingwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Singapore‐HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE)Nanomaterials for Energy and Water Nexus (NEW)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)1 Create WaySingapore138602Singapore
| | - Jing‐Hao Ciou
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Vinod K Paidi
- Beamline Research DivisionPohang Accelerator LaboratoryPohang790784Republic of Korea
| | - Kug‐Seung Lee
- Beamline Research DivisionPohang Accelerator LaboratoryPohang790784Republic of Korea
| | - Shuzhou Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Singapore‐HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE)Nanomaterials for Energy and Water Nexus (NEW)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)1 Create WaySingapore138602Singapore
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Bai Z, Li R, Li K, Hou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang H. Transparent Metal-Organic Framework-Based Gel Electrolytes for Generalized Assembly of Quasi-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42955-42961. [PMID: 32869642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based electrolytes under gel/solid states have been widely used for electrochemical devices recently due to their designable metal centers/ligands and diffusion channels in the porous structures. Therefore, it is always desired to apply the MOF-based electrolytes in electrochromic (EC) fields. Yet, challenges exist in realizing their high optical transparency to satisfy the unique optical requirements of EC devices. Herein, a transparent MOF-based gel electrolyte (MGE) is demonstrated through the incorporation of 2-methylimidazole among MOF nanocrystals to prevent the strong light scattering of MOF nanocrystals. As a result, the gel electrolyte showed an improved average transmittance of ca. 82.2% compared with the MOF electrolytes without 2-methylimidazole (ca. 59.2%). In addition, because of the designed large channels in the porous MOF structure, the gel electrolyte exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 2.66 × 10-3 S cm-1. At last, we used the transparent MGEs to assemble two types (rigid and flexible) of quasi-solid-state EC devices based on inorganic WO3 and organic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), respectively. Both devices showed great EC performances, and the flexible devices exhibited high mechanical stability under the bending state or even after being cut and punched, advancing the general applications of our transparent MGEs in EC fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585 Singapore
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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Yu X, Chang M, Chen W, Liang D, Lu X, Zhou G. Colorless-to-Black Electrochromism from Binary Electrochromes toward Multifunctional Displays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39505-39514. [PMID: 32805883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic diimide with a nonconjugated core has been incorporated to bridge two conventional triphenylamine units. The obtained monomer has successfully hypsochromically shifted the maximum absorption wavelength by 10 nm in comparison to the one with a pyromellitic diimide bridge. Consequently, a colorless electrochromic (EC) polymer poly(bis(N,N-diphenyl-4-aminophenyl)cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic diimide) (PTPA-HDI) was electropolymerized on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass. The morphology, absorption, and spectroelectrochemistry properties of polymer PTPA-HDI films electropolymerized by different scan cycles have been systematically investigated. It is found that comprehensive properties, such as color contrast and initial transparence, can be achieved for the polymer film electropolymerized by 15 scan cycles. Moreover, to realize colorless-to-black electrochromism, an asymmetric viologen derivative 1-(4-cyanophenyl)-1'-hexyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dihexafluorophosphate (HVCN) has been designed and straightforward synthesized. With the introduction of a cyanophenyl group and a hexyl chain on the two pyridinium units, colorless-to-green electrochromism can be realized for this processible viologen derivative. The absorption band at 495 nm of colorated PTPA-HDI compensates well for the valley in the absorption spectrum of colorated HVCN. Therefore, different types of colorless-to-black electrochromic devices (ECDs) are fabricated using polymer PTPA-HDI-deposited ITO electrode and HVCN-based gel electrolyte. Such a supporting electrolyte-free ECD with binary electrochromes exhibits fast coloration, high color contrast, and excellent reversibility. Furthermore, an encryption ECD is demonstrated by switching a black two-dimensional code. In addition, an autodigital display is integrated on a smart window and hence different functions can be realized in a single ECD. Overall, this study may facilitate the understanding of the EC behaviors of binary electrochromes and present a new path to design multifunctional displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Yu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Chang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Weinan Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Dingli Liang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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Zhang Z, Guo L, Zhang X, Hao J. Environmentally stable, photochromic and thermotropic organohydrogels for low cost on-demand optical devices. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 578:315-325. [PMID: 32531561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The color-changing ability of creatures widely existed in nature has inspired the development of adaptive allochroic materials, which can respond to various external stimuli. Integrating multi-stimuli responsiveness and long-term stability in allochroic system are urgent for practical applications under complex circumstances. EXPERIMENTS The photochromic/thermotropic organohydrogels (PTOs) comprised polyacrylamide and cationic cellulose (JR400) were prepared by facile free-radical polymerization and glycerol displacement. The coexisting covalent bonds and noncovalent interactions collaboratively reinforce the networks, endowing the PTOs with boosted stretchability and toughness. FINDINGS The photochromic ammonium molybdate (Mo7) and thermo-sensitive poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (EPE) were made into networks. In these cooperative networks, each constituent performed their own function without disruption, including fast photochromism (10 s) and durable thermo-responsiveness. Importantly, the glycerol-water solvent bestowed the distinct anti-freezing (-30 °C) and anti-dehydration performances on the PTOs. Accordingly, the materials could serve as promising rewritable devices for high-resolution and long-term data storage/encryption. Moreover, on-demand PTO windows integrating UV-prevention and solar energy regulation with Tlum (92.96%) and ΔTsol (46.02%) could create comfortable and healthy environments for occupants. This work offers a new design strategy for low-cost, environmentally stable smart optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Luxuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Kim KW, Kim YM, Li X, Ha T, Kim SH, Moon HC, Lee SW. Various Coating Methodologies of WO 3 According to the Purpose for Electrochromic Devices. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050821. [PMID: 32344874 PMCID: PMC7711473 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solution-processable electrochromic (EC) materials have been investigated widely for various applications, such as smart windows, reflective displays, and sensors. Among them, tungsten trioxide (WO3) is an attractive material because it can form a film via a solution process and relative low temperature treatment, which is suitable for a range of substrates. This paper introduces the slot-die and electrostatic force-assisted dispensing (EFAD) printing for solution-processable methods of WO3 film fabrication. The resulting films were compared with WO3 films prepared by spin coating. Both films exhibited a similar morphology and crystalline structure. Furthermore, three different processed WO3 film-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) were prepared and exhibited similar device behaviors. In addition, large area (100 cm2) and patterned ECDs were fabricated using slot-die and EFAD printing. Consequently, slot-die and EFAD printing can be used to commercialize WO3 based-ECDs applications, such as smart windows and reflective displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Woo Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Xinlin Li
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Taehwa Ha
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (H.C.M.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (H.C.M.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (H.C.M.); (S.W.L.)
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47
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He Z, Chang LG, Lin Y, Shi FL, Li ZD, Wang JL, Li Y, Wang R, Chen QX, Lu YY, Zhang QH, Gu L, Ni Y, Liu JW, Wu JB, Yu SH. Real-Time Visualization of Solid-Phase Ion Migration Kinetics on Nanowire Monolayer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7968-7975. [PMID: 32266814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion migration has been recognized as a critical step in determining the performance of numerous devices in chemistry, biology, and material science. However, direct visualization and quantitative investigation of solid-phase ion migration among anisotropic nanostructures have been a challenging task. Here, we report an in-situ ChemTEM method to quantitatively investigate the solid-phase ion migration process among coassembled nanowires (NWs). This complicated process was tracked within a NW and between NWs with an obvious nanogap, which was revealed by both phase field simulation and ab initio modeling theoretical evaluation. A migration "bridge" between neighboring NWs was observed. Furthermore, these new observations could be applied to migration of other metal ions on semiconductor NWs. These findings provide critical insights into the solid-phase ion migration kinetics occurring in nanoscale systems with generality and offer an efficient tool to explore other ion migration processes, which will facilitate fabrication of customized and new heteronanostructures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Ge Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ze-Dong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jin-Long Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qing-Xia Chen
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Yang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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48
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Zhang W, Chu J, Hu M. Coupled Electrical Conduction in Coordination Polymers: From Electrons/Ions to Mixed Charge Carriers. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1202-1213. [PMID: 32187450 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The coupled transport of ions and electrons is of great potential for next-generation sensors, energy storage and conversion devices, optoelectronics, etc. Coordination polymers (CPs) intrinsically have both transport pathways for electrons and ions, however, the practical conductivities are usually low. In recent years, significant advances have been made in electronic or ionic conductive coordination polymers, which also results in progress in mixed ionic-electronic conductive coordination polymers. Here we start from electronic and ionic conductive CPs to mixed ionic-electronic conductive CPs. Recent advances in the design of mixed ionic-electronic conductive CPs are summarized. In addition, devices based on mixed conduction are selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ming Hu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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49
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Liu J, Daphne Ma XY, Wang Z, Xu L, Xu T, He C, Wang F, Lu X. Highly Stable and Rapid Switching Electrochromic Thin Films Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks with Redox-Active Triphenylamine Ligands. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7442-7450. [PMID: 31958011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), known for their tailorable porous structures and large specific surface areas, are appealing for electrochromic applications as their abundant pores may greatly benefit the charge transport required for electrochromic switching. Herein, for the first time, a simple, scalable, and cost-effective electrochemical deposition method for fabrication of high-performance and durable MOFs-based electrochromic films with redox-active ligands was developed. The fabricated film can achieve rapid switching speed (both coloration and bleaching time <5 s) because the inherent cavities of the MOFs greatly facilitate ion insertion and extraction. In addition, the film constructed with optimized parameters shows a high optical contrast of 65%@700 nm and can be stably switched for 1000 cycles with <5% contrast attenuation, which is by far the best cycling performance for MOFs-based electrochromic materials ever reported. Furthermore, our method enables the scalable preparation of large-area MOFs-based electrochromic thin films without using large high-pressure reaction vessels, and the as-prepared film in this work could be switched well between colored and bleached states. This new method, therefore, opens up a new avenue to broaden the use of MOFs-based thin films for electrochromic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
| | - Xiu Yun Daphne Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
| | - Lulu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
| | - Tingting Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
| | - Chaobin He
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117574 Singapore
| | - Fuke Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 Singapore
| | - Xuehong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
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50
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Yang G, Zhang YM, Cai Y, Yang B, Gu C, Zhang SXA. Advances in nanomaterials for electrochromic devices. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8687-8720. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review article systematically highlights the recent advances regarding the design, preparation, performance and application of new and unique nanomaterials for electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Yiru Cai
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Baige Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Chang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
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