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Yu X, Weeber JC, Markey L, Arocas J, Bouhelier A, Leray A, Colas des Francs G. Nano antenna-assisted quantum dots emission into high-index planar waveguide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:265201. [PMID: 38522099 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Integrated quantum photonic circuits require the efficient coupling of photon sources to photonic waveguides. Hybrid plasmonic/photonic platforms are a promising approach, taking advantage of both plasmon modal confinement for efficient coupling to a nearby emitter and photonic circuitry for optical data transfer and processing. In this work, we established directional quantum dot (QD) emission coupling to a planar TiO2waveguide assisted by a Yagi-Uda antenna. Antenna on waveguide is first designed by scaling radio frequency dimensions to nano-optics, taking into account the hybrid plasmonic/photonic platform. Design is then optimized by full numerical simulations. We fabricate the antenna on a TiO2planar waveguide and deposit a few QDs close to the Yagi-Uda antenna. The optical characterization shows clear directional coupling originating from antenna effect. We estimate the coupling efficiency and directivity of the light emitted into the waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yu
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - J-C Weeber
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - L Markey
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - J Arocas
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - A Bouhelier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - A Leray
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - G Colas des Francs
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
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2
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Lin R, Valuckas V, Do TTH, Nemati A, Kuznetsov AI, Teng J, Ha ST. Schrödinger's Red Beyond 65,000 Pixel-Per-Inch by Multipolar Interaction in Freeform Meta-Atom through Efficient Neural Optimizer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303929. [PMID: 38093513 PMCID: PMC10987134 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Freeform nanostructures have the potential to support complex resonances and their interactions, which are crucial for achieving desired spectral responses. However, the design optimization of such structures is nontrivial and computationally intensive. Furthermore, the current "black box" design approaches for freeform nanostructures often neglect the underlying physics. Here, a hybrid data-efficient neural optimizer for resonant nanostructures by combining a reinforcement learning algorithm and Powell's local optimization technique is presented. As a case study, silicon nanostructures with a highly-saturated red color are designed and experimentally demonstrated. Specifically, color coordinates of (0.677, 0.304) in the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity diagram - close to the ideal Schrödinger's red, with polarization independence, high reflectance (>85%), and a large viewing angle (i.e., up to ± 25°) is achieved. The remarkable performance is attributed to underlying generalized multipolar interferences within each nanostructure rather than the collective array effects. Based on that, pixel size down to ≈400 nm, corresponding to a printing resolution of 65000 pixels per inch is demonstrated. Moreover, the proposed design model requires only ≈300 iterations to effectively search a thirteen-dimensional (13D) design space - an order of magnitude more efficient than the previously reported approaches. The work significantly extends the free-form optical design toolbox for high-performance flat-optical components and metadevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Lin
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08‐03Singapore138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Vytautas Valuckas
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08‐03Singapore138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Thi Thu Ha Do
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08‐03Singapore138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Arash Nemati
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08‐03Singapore138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Arseniy I. Kuznetsov
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08‐03Singapore138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08‐03Singapore138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Son Tung Ha
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08‐03Singapore138634Republic of Singapore
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3
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Zhuang ZP, Zeng HL, Chen XD, He XT, Dong JW. Topological Nature of Radiation Asymmetry in Bilayer Metagratings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:113801. [PMID: 38563935 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating radiation asymmetry of photonic structures is of particular interest in many photonic applications such as directional optical antenna, high efficiency on-chip lasers, and coherent light control. Here, we proposed a term of pseudopolarization to reveal the topological nature of radiation asymmetry in bilayer metagratings. Robust pseudopolarization vortex with an integer topological charge exists in P-symmetry metagrating, allowing for tunable directionality ranging from -1 to 1 in synthetic parameter space. When P-symmetry breaking, such vortex becomes pairs of C points due to the conservation law of charge, leading to the phase difference of radiation asymmetry from π/2 to 3π/2. Furthermore, topologically enabled coherent perfect absorption is robust with customized phase difference at will between two counterpropagating external light sources. This Letter can not only enrich the understanding of two particular topological photonic behaviors, i.e., bound state in the continuum and unidirectional guided resonance, but also provide a topological view on radiation asymmetry, opening an unexplored avenue for asymmetric light manipulation in on-chip laser, light-light switch, and quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Peng Zhuang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hao-Long Zeng
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin-Tao He
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian-Wen Dong
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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4
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McPolin CPT, Vila YN, Krasavin AV, Llorca J, Zayats AV. Multimode hybrid gold-silicon nanoantennas for tailored nanoscale optical confinement. NANOPHOTONICS 2023; 12:2997-3005. [PMID: 37457505 PMCID: PMC10344444 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
High-index dielectric nanoantennas, which provide an interplay between electric and magnetic modes, have been widely used as building blocks for a variety of devices and metasurfaces, both in linear and nonlinear regimes. Here, we investigate hybrid metal-semiconductor nanoantennas, consisting of a multimode silicon nanopillar core coated with a gold layer, that offer an enhanced degree of control over the mode selection and confinement, and emission of light on the nanoscale exploiting high-order electric and magnetic resonances. Cathodoluminescence spectra revealed a multitude of resonant modes supported by the nanoantennas due to hybridization of the Mie resonances of the core and the plasmonic resonances of the shell. Eigenmode analysis revealed the modes that exhibit enhanced field localization at the gold interface, together with high confinement within the nanopillar volume. Consequently, this architecture provides a flexible means of engineering nanoscale components with tailored optical modes and field confinement for a plethora of applications, including sensing, hot-electron photodetection and nanophotonics with cylindrical vector beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian P. T. McPolin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Yago N. Vila
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, UK
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria de Telecomunicacions de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexey V. Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anatoly V. Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, UK
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Nguyen TM, Cho Y, Huh JH, Ahn H, Kim N, Rho KH, Lee J, Kwon M, Park SH, Kim C, Kim K, Kim YS, Lee S. Ultralow-Loss Substrate for Nanophotonic Dark-Field Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1546-1554. [PMID: 36757958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For the colloidal nanophotonic structures, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) grid has been widely used as a substrate of dark-field microscopy because a nanometer-scale feature can be effectively determined by TEM imaging following dark-field microscopic studies. However, an optically lossy carbon layer has been implemented in conventional TEM grids. A broadband scattering from the edges of the TEM grid further restricted an accessible signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, we demonstrate that the freely suspended, ultrathin, and wide-scale transparent nanomembrane can address such challenges. We developed a 1 mm by 600 μm scale and 20 nm thick poly(vinyl formal) nanomembrane, whose area is around 180 times wider than a conventional TEM grid, so that the possible broadband scattering at the edges of the grid was effectively excluded. Also, such nanomembranes can be formed without the assistance of carbon support; allowing us to achieve the highest signal-to-background ratio of scattering among other substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang Minh Nguyen
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - YongDeok Cho
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeok Huh
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayun Ahn
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - NaYeoun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hun Rho
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kwon
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hun Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - ChaeEon Kim
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjin Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Kim
- Display Research Center, Korea Electronic Technology Institute (KETI), Gyeonggi-do 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering (College of Engineering) and KU Photonics Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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6
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Carvalho WOF, Damasceno GHB, Moncada-Villa E, Mejía-Salazar JR. Active manipulation of radiated fields by a magnetoplasmonic half-wave dipole nanoantenna. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:680-683. [PMID: 36723562 DOI: 10.1364/ol.480692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a concept for the active manipulation of radiated fields by a magnetoplasmonic half-wave dipole nanoantenna. Our idea comprises a two arms nanoantenna, made of metallic ferromagnetic cobalt-silver alloy (Co6Ag94), inspired by the analogous radio frequency half-wave dipole antenna design. Numerical results, obtained under the magnetization saturation condition, indicate a tilting of the radiated beam depending on the magnitude and sense of the magnetization of the ferromagnetic material. Significantly, we obtained tilting angles as large as ±9.7∘ around the y axis for the magnetization placed along the x or z axes, respectively. Results in this work not only open up a new, to the best of our knowledge, way to dynamically manipulate the beam steering at the chip-scale, but also contribute to unveil novel magneto-optical effects at the nanoscale.
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7
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Ho J, Dong Z, Leong HS, Zhang J, Tjiptoharsono F, Daqiqeh Rezaei S, Goh KCH, Wu M, Li S, Chee J, Wong CPY, Kuznetsov AI, Yang JK. Miniaturizing color-sensitive photodetectors via hybrid nanoantennas toward submicrometer dimensions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd3868. [PMID: 36417508 PMCID: PMC9683717 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Digital camera sensors use color filters on photodiodes to achieve color selectivity. As the color filters and photosensitive silicon layers are separate elements, these sensors suffer from optical cross-talk, which sets limits to the minimum pixel size. Here, we report hybrid silicon-aluminum nanostructures in the extreme limit of zero distance between color filters and sensors. This design could essentially achieve submicrometer pixel dimensions and minimize the optical cross-talk arising from tilt illuminations. The designed hybrid silicon-aluminum nanostructure has dual functionalities. Crucially, it supports a hybrid Mie-plasmon resonance of magnetic dipole to achieve color-selective light absorption, generating electron hole pairs. Simultaneously, the silicon-aluminum interface forms a Schottky barrier for charge separation and photodetection. This design potentially replaces the traditional dye-based filters for camera sensors at ultrahigh pixel densities with advanced functionalities in sensing polarization and directionality, and UV selectivity via interband plasmons of silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfa Ho
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hai Sheng Leong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Febiana Tjiptoharsono
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soroosh Daqiqeh Rezaei
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ken Choon Hwa Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mengfei Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiqiang Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingyee Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Calvin Pei Yu Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arseniy I. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel K. W. Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Xie B, Li D, Jiao R. Reconfigurable hybrid dielectric antenna with less graphene surface area. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:9898-9903. [PMID: 36606821 DOI: 10.1364/ao.474864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid dielectric reconfigurable graphene antenna is designed by combining the Yagi antenna and absorption characteristics of graphene. Graphene is selectively covered in the Yagi antenna directors to obtain a change of the beam from unidirectional to bidirectional by changing the graphene potential. By reducing the area covered by graphene, we obtain a radiation efficiency of more than 95 percent. After adding a gold bowtie antenna at 1550 nm, the antenna shows a larger directivity and a smaller beam width, as well as a maximum directivity of 7.2 dBi. Furthermore, the surface area of graphene has been reduced three times, while the directivity improves from 4.7 to 5.6 dBi after comparing the effect of different surface distributions, which will be helpful to reduce the difficulty of graphene antenna manufacturing and improve the performance of the antenna beam.
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9
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Abdelraouf OAM, Wang Z, Liu H, Dong Z, Wang Q, Ye M, Wang XR, Wang QJ, Liu H. Recent Advances in Tunable Metasurfaces: Materials, Design, and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13339-13369. [PMID: 35976219 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces, a two-dimensional (2D) form of metamaterials constituted by planar meta-atoms, exhibit exotic abilities to tailor electromagnetic (EM) waves freely. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been made to develop various active materials and incorporate them into functional devices for practical applications, pushing the research of tunable metasurfaces to the forefront of nanophotonics. Those active materials include phase change materials (PCMs), semiconductors, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), ferroelectrics, liquid crystals (LCs), atomically thin material, etc., and enable intriguing performances such as fast switching speed, large modulation depth, ultracompactness, and significant contrast of optical properties under external stimuli. Integration of such materials offers substantial tunability to the conventional passive nanophotonic platforms. Tunable metasurfaces with multifunctionalities triggered by various external stimuli bring in rich degrees of freedom in terms of material choices and device designs to dynamically manipulate and control EM waves on demand. This field has recently flourished with the burgeoning development of physics and design methodologies, particularly those assisted by the emerging machine learning (ML) algorithms. This review outlines recent advances in tunable metasurfaces in terms of the active materials and tuning mechanisms, design methodologies, and practical applications. We conclude this review paper by providing future perspectives in this vibrant and fast-growing research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A M Abdelraouf
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Hailong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiao Renshaw Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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10
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Damasceno GHB, Carvalho WOF, Mejía-Salazar JR. Design of Plasmonic Yagi-Uda Nanoantennas for Chip-Scale Optical Wireless Communications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7336. [PMID: 36236435 PMCID: PMC9570515 DOI: 10.3390/s22197336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical wireless transmission has recently become a major cutting-edge alternative for on-chip/inter-chip communications with higher transmission speeds and improved power efficiency. Plasmonic nanoantennas, the building blocks of this new nanoscale communication paradigm, require precise design to have directional radiation and improved communication ranges. Particular interest has been paid to plasmonic Yagi-Uda, i.e., the optical analog of the conventional Radio Frequency (RF) Yagi-Uda design, which may allow directional radiation of plasmonic fields. However, in contrast to the RF model, an overall design strategy for the directional and optimized front-to-back ratio of the radiated far-field patterns is lacking. In this work, a guide for the optimized design of Yagi-Uda plasmonic nanoantennas is shown. In particular, five different design conditions are used to study the effects of sizes and spacing between the constituent parts (made of Au). Importantly, it is numerically demonstrated (using the scattered fields) that closely spaced nanoantenna elements are not appropriated for directional light-to-plasmon conversion/radiation. In contrast, if the elements of the nanoantenna are widely spaced, the structure behaves like a one-dimensional array of nanodipoles, producing a funnel-like radiation pattern (not suitable for on-chip wireless optical transmission). Therefore, based on the results here, it can be concluded that the constituent metallic rib lengths must be optimized to exhibit the resonance at the working wavelength, whilst their separations should follow the relation λeff/π, where λeff indicates the effective wavelength scaling for plasmonic nanostructures.
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11
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Nanocavity-induced trion emission from atomically thin WSe 2. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15861. [PMID: 36151265 PMCID: PMC9508186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton is a bosonic quasiparticle consisting of a pair of electron and hole, with promising potentials for optoelectronic device applications, such as exciton transistors, photodetectors and light emitting devices. However, the charge-neutral nature of excitons renders them challenging to manipulate using electronics. Here we present the generation of trions, a form of charged excitons, together with enhanced exciton resonance in monolayer WSe2. The excitation of the trion quasiparticles is achieved by the hot carrier transport from the integrated gold plasmonic nanocavity, formed by embedding monolayer WSe2 between gold nanoparticles and a gold film. The nanocavity-induced negatively charged trions provide a promising route for the manipulation of excitons, essential for the construction of all-exciton information processing circuits.
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12
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Su X, Dong Z, Wu J, Chi D, Loh XJ. Celebrating 25 Years of IMRE: Research Highlights on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11492-11497. [PMID: 35904455 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) is a research institute of the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). IMRE was established in September 1997. Over the past 25 years, IMRE has developed core competencies and interdisciplinary teams for material development from fundamental discoveries to industrial translation. Currently, with over 400 researchers and state-of-the-art research facilities, IMRE conducts world class research in important material and material technology fields, including polymer composites, optical materials, electronic materials, soft materials, structural materials, energy materials, biomaterials, quantum technologies, as well as advanced characterization. As a material-centered research institute in Singapore, IMRE has played important roles in pushing science boundaries and developing cutting-edge technologies. One of the key strategies is to partner international organizations, research institutes, and industry to fulfill its vision to be a leading research institute to accelerate materials research, moving from "Made in Singapore" toward "Created in Singapore".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117543
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
| | - Dongzhi Chi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
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13
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Kishen S, Tapar J, Emani NK. Tunable directional emission from electrically driven nano-strip metal-insulator-metal tunnel junctions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3609-3616. [PMID: 36134358 PMCID: PMC9400511 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrically driven nanoantennas for on-chip generation and manipulation of light have attracted significant attention in recent times. Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel junctions have been extensively used to electrically excite surface plasmons and photons via inelastic electron tunneling. However, the dynamic switching of light from MIM junctions into spatially separate channels has not been shown. Here, we numerically demonstrate switchable, highly directional light emission from electrically driven nano-strip Ag-SiO2-Ag tunnel junctions. The top electrode of our Ag-SiO2-Ag stack is divided into 16 nano-strips, with two of the tunnel junctions at the centre (S L and S R) acting as sources. Using full-wave electromagnetic simulations, we show that when S L is excited, the emission is highly directional with an angle of emission of -30° and an angular spread of ∼11°. When the excitation is switched to S R, the emission is redirected to an angle of 30° with an identical angular spread. A directivity of 29.4 is achieved in the forward direction, with a forward-to-backward ratio of 12. We also demonstrate wavelength-selective directional switching by changing the width, and thereby the resonance wavelength, of the sources. The emission can be tuned by varying the periodicity of the structure, paving the way for electrically driven, reconfigurable light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kishen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad 502285 India
| | - Jinal Tapar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad 502285 India
| | - Naresh Kumar Emani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad 502285 India
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14
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Farheen H, Yan LY, Quiring V, Eigner C, Zentgraf T, Linden S, Förstner J, Myroshnychenko V. Broadband optical Ta 2O 5 antennas for directional emission of light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:19288-19299. [PMID: 36221710 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly directive antennas with the ability of shaping radiation patterns in desired directions are essential for efficient on-chip optical communication with reduced cross talk. In this paper, we design and optimize three distinct broadband traveling-wave tantalum pentoxide antennas exhibiting highly directional characteristics. Our antennas contain a director and reflector deposited on a glass substrate, which are excited by a dipole emitter placed in the feed gap between the two elements. Full-wave simulations in conjunction with global optimization provide structures with an enhanced linear directivity as high as 119 radiating in the substrate. The high directivity is a result of the interplay between two dominant TE modes and the leaky modes present in the antenna director. Furthermore, these low-loss dielectric antennas exhibit a near-unity radiation efficiency at the operational wavelength of 780 nm and maintain a broad bandwidth. Our numerical results are in good agreement with experimental measurements from the optimized antennas fabricated using a two-step electron-beam lithography, revealing the highly directive nature of our structures. We envision that our antenna designs can be conveniently adapted to other dielectric materials and prove instrumental for inter-chip optical communications and other on-chip applications.
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15
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Highly Unidirectional Radiation Enhancement Based on a Hybrid Multilayer Dimer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040710. [PMID: 35215038 PMCID: PMC8875153 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dimers made of plasmonic particles support strong field enhancements but suffer from large absorption losses, while low-loss dielectric dimers are limited by relatively weak optical confinement. Hybrid dimers could utilize the advantages of both worlds. Here, we propose a hybrid nanoantenna that contains a dimer of core-dual shell nanoparticles known as the metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) structure. We discovered that the hybrid dimer sustained unidirectional forward scattering, which resulted in a nearly ideal Kerker condition in the frequency close to the resonance peak of the dimer due to enhancing the amplitude of the induced high-order electric multiples in the gap and effectively superimposing them with magnetic ones, which respond to the excitation of the plane wave in the dielectric layer of the dimer. Furthermore, when an electric quantum emitter is coupled to the dimer, our study shows that the optimal hybrid dimer simultaneously possesses high radiation directivity and low-loss features, which illustrates a back-to-front ratio of radiation 53 times higher than that of the pure dielectric dimer and an average radiation efficiency 80% higher than that of the pure metallic dimer. In addition, the unique structures of the hybrid hexamer direct almost decrease 75% of the radiation beamwidth, hence heightening the directivity of the nanoantenna based on a hybrid dimer.
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16
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Lu L, Dong Z, Tijiptoharsono F, Ng RJH, Wang H, Rezaei SD, Wang Y, Leong HS, Lim PC, Yang JKW, Simpson RE. Reversible Tuning of Mie Resonances in the Visible Spectrum. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19722-19732. [PMID: 34881865 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric optical nanoantennas are promising as fundamental building blocks in next generation color displays, metasurface holograms, and wavefront shaping optical devices. Due to the high refractive index of the nanoantenna material, they support geometry-dependent Mie resonances in the visible spectrum. Although phase change materials, such as the germanium-antimony-tellurium alloys, and post-transition metal oxides, such as ITO, have been used to tune antennas in the near-infrared spectrum, reversibly tuning the response of dielectric antennas in the visible spectrum remains challenging. In this paper, we designed and experimentally demonstrated dielectric nanodisc arrays exhibiting reversible tunability of Mie resonances in the visible spectrum. We achieved tunability by exploiting phase transitions in Sb2S3 nanodiscs. Mie resonances within the nanodisc give rise to structural colors in the reflection mode. Crystallization and laser-induced amorphization of these Sb2S3 resonators allow the colors to be switched back and forth. These tunable Sb2S3 nanoantenna arrays could enable the next generation of high-resolution color displays, holographic displays, and miniature LiDAR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore
| | - Febiana Tijiptoharsono
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Ray Jia Hong Ng
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, 138632 Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | | | - Yunzheng Wang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Hai Sheng Leong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Poh Chong Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Robert E Simpson
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
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17
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Ray D, Kiselev A, Martin OJF. Multipolar scattering analysis of hybrid metal-dielectric nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:24056-24067. [PMID: 34614658 DOI: 10.1364/oe.427911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We perform a systematic study showing the evolution of the multipoles along with the spectra for a hybrid metal-dielectric nanoantenna, a Si cylinder and an Ag disk stacked one on top of another, as its dimensions are varied one by one. We broaden our analysis to demonstrate the "magnetic light" at energies above 1 eV by varying the height of the Ag on the Si cylinder and below 1 eV by introducing insulating spacing between them. We also explore the appearance of the anapole state along with some exceptionally narrow spectral features by varying the radius of the Ag disk.
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18
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Leuteritz T, Farheen H, Qiao S, Spreyer F, Schlickriede C, Zentgraf T, Myroshnychenko V, Förstner J, Linden S. Dielectric travelling wave antennas for directional light emission. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:14694-14704. [PMID: 33985186 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined experimental and numerical study of the far-field emission properties of optical travelling wave antennas made from low-loss dielectric materials. The antennas considered here are composed of two simple building blocks, a director and a reflector, deposited on a glass substrate. Colloidal quantum dots placed in the feed gap between the two elements serve as internal light source. The emission profile of the antenna is mainly formed by the director while the reflector suppresses backward emission. Systematic studies of the director dimensions as well as variation of antenna material show that the effective refractive index of the director primarily governs the far-field emission pattern. Below cut off, i.e., if the director's effective refractive index is smaller than the refractive index of the substrate, the main lobe results from leaky wave emission along the director. In contrast, if the director supports a guided mode, the emission predominately originates from the end facet of the director.
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19
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van der Burgt J, Dieleman CD, Johlin E, Geuchies JJ, Houtepen AJ, Ehrler B, Garnett EC. Integrating Sphere Fourier Microscopy of Highly Directional Emission. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:1143-1151. [PMID: 34056035 PMCID: PMC8155557 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurately controlling light emission using nano- and microstructured lenses and antennas is an active field of research. Dielectrics are especially attractive lens materials due to their low optical losses over a broad bandwidth. In this work we measure highly directional light emission from patterned quantum dots (QDs) aligned underneath all-dielectric nanostructured microlenses. The lenses are designed with an evolutionary algorithm and have a theoretical directivity of 160. The fabricated structures demonstrate an experimental full directivity of 61 ± 3, three times higher than what has been estimated before, with a beaming half-angle of 2.6°. This high value compared to previous works is achieved via three mechanisms. First, direct electron beam patterning of QD emitters and alignment markers allowed for more localized emission and better emitter-lens alignment. Second, the lens fabrication was refined to minimize distortions between the designed shape and the final structure. Finally, a new measurement technique was developed that combines integrating sphere microscopy with Fourier microscopy. This enables complete directivity measurements, contrary to other reported values, which are typically only partial directivities or estimates of the full directivity that rely partly on simulations. The experimentally measured values of the complete directivity were higher than predicted by combining simulations with partial directivity measurements. High directivity was obtained from three different materials (cadmium-selenide-based QDs and two lead halide perovskite materials), emitting at 520, 620, and 700 nm, by scaling the lens size according to the emission wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian D. Dieleman
- AMOLF
Institute, 1098XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Advanced
Reseach Center for Nanolithography, 1098XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Johlin
- Nanophotonic
Energy Materials, Western Engineering, Western
University, SEB 3094, London, Canada
| | - Jaco J. Geuchies
- Optoelectronic
Materials, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Optoelectronic
Materials, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- AMOLF
Institute, 1098XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Ray D, Raziman TV, Santschi C, Etezadi D, Altug H, Martin OJF. Hybrid Metal-Dielectric Metasurfaces for Refractive Index Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8752-8759. [PMID: 33206533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid metal-dielectric nanostructures have recently gained prominence because they combine strong field enhancement of plasmonic metals and the several low-loss radiation channels of dielectric resonators, which are qualities pertaining to the best of both worlds. In this work, an array of such hybrid nanoantennas is successfully fabricated over a large area and utilized for bulk refractive index sensing with a sensitivity of 208 nm/RIU. Each nanoantenna combines a Si cylinder with an Al disk, separated by a SiO2 spacer. Its optical response is analyzed in detail using the multipoles supported by its subparts and their mutual coupling. The nanoantenna is further modified experimentally with an undercut in the SiO2 region to increase the interaction of the electric field with the background medium, which augments the sensitivity to 245 nm/RIU. A detailed multipole analysis of the hybrid nanoantenna supports our experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdatta Ray
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T V Raziman
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Santschi
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dordaneh Etezadi
- Bionanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Altug
- Bionanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier J F Martin
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Zhang T, Li X, Xu J, Zhang X, Deng ZL, Li X. Subwavelength Silicon Nanoblocks for Directional Emission Manipulation. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061242. [PMID: 32604754 PMCID: PMC7353081 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Manipulating the light emission direction and boosting its directivity have essential importance in integrated nanophotonic devices. Here, we theoretically propose a single dielectric silicon nanoblock as an efficient, multifunctional and ultracompact all-dielectric nanoantenna to direct light into a preferential direction. Unidirectional scattering of a plane wave as well as switchable directive emission fed by a localized emitter are demonstrated within the nanoantenna. The high directionalities are revealed to originate from a variety of mechanisms that can coexist within a single nanoblock, which contribute to the far-field radiation patterns of the outcoming light, thanks to the wealth of multipolar electric and magnetic resonances. The efficient beam redirections are also observed, which are sensitive to the local configurations of the emitter antenna coupled system. The designed antenna, with extreme geometry simplicity, ultracompact and low-loss features, could be favorable for highly sensitive sensing as well as applications in optical nanocircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.L.); (J.X.); (Z.-L.D.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuewei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.L.); (J.X.); (Z.-L.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Jian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.L.); (J.X.); (Z.-L.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- College of Physics Science and Engineering Technology, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zi-Lan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.L.); (J.X.); (Z.-L.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.L.); (J.X.); (Z.-L.D.); (X.L.)
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22
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Barelli M, Mazzanti A, Giordano MC, Della Valle G, Buatier de Mongeot F. Color Routing via Cross-Polarized Detuned Plasmonic Nanoantennas in Large-Area Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4121-4128. [PMID: 32401524 PMCID: PMC7735747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional nanoantennas are of key relevance for advanced functionalities to be implemented at the nanoscale and, in particular, for color routing in an ultracompact flat-optics configuration. Here we demonstrate a novel approach avoiding complex collective geometries and/or restrictive morphological parameters based on cross-polarized detuned plasmonic nanoantennas in a uniaxial (quasi-1D) bimetallic configuration. The nanofabrication of such a flat-optics system is controlled over a large area (cm2) by a novel self-organized technique exploiting ion-induced nanoscale wrinkling instability on glass templates to engineer tilted bimetallic nanostrip dimers. These nanoantennas feature broadband color routing with superior light scattering directivity figures, which are well described by numerical simulations and turn out to be competitive with the response of lithographic nanoantennas. These results demonstrate that our large-area self-organized metasurfaces can be implemented in real-world applications of flat-optics color routing from telecom photonics to optical nanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Barelli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Della Valle
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- IFN-CNR, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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23
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F. Carvalho WO, Mejía-Salazar JR. Plasmonics for Telecommunications Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20092488. [PMID: 32354016 PMCID: PMC7250033 DOI: 10.3390/s20092488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic materials, when properly illuminated with visible or near-infrared wavelengths, exhibit unique and interesting features that can be exploited for tailoring and tuning the light radiation and propagation properties at nanoscale dimensions. A variety of plasmonic heterostructures have been demonstrated for optical-signal filtering, transmission, detection, transportation, and modulation. In this review, state-of-the-art plasmonic structures used for telecommunications applications are summarized. In doing so, we discuss their distinctive roles on multiple approaches including beam steering, guiding, filtering, modulation, switching, and detection, which are all of prime importance for the development of the sixth generation (6G) cellular networks.
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24
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Kullock R, Ochs M, Grimm P, Emmerling M, Hecht B. Electrically-driven Yagi-Uda antennas for light. Nat Commun 2020; 11:115. [PMID: 31913288 PMCID: PMC6949256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Yagi-Uda antennas are a key technology for efficiently transmitting information from point to point using radio waves. Since higher frequencies allow higher bandwidths and smaller footprints, a strong incentive exists to shrink Yagi-Uda antennas down to the optical regime. Here we demonstrate electrically-driven Yagi-Uda antennas for light with wavelength-scale footprints that exhibit large directionalities with forward-to-backward ratios of up to 9.1 dB. Light generation is achieved via antenna-enhanced inelastic tunneling of electrons over the antenna feed gap. We obtain reproducible tunnel gaps by means of feedback-controlled dielectrophoresis, which precisely places single surface-passivated gold nanoparticles in the antenna gap. The resulting antennas perform equivalent to radio-frequency antennas and combined with waveguiding layers even outperform RF designs. This work paves the way for optical on-chip data communication that is not restricted by Joule heating but also for advanced light management in nanoscale sensing and metrology as well as light emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Kullock
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Ochs
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Grimm
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Emmerling
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bert Hecht
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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25
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Unidirectional Enhanced Dipolar Emission with an Individual Dielectric Nanoantenna. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040629. [PMID: 31003409 PMCID: PMC6523482 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Light manipulation at the nanoscale is the vanguard of plasmonics. Controlling light radiation into a desired direction in parallel with high optical signal enhancement is still a challenge for designing ultracompact nanoantennas far below subwavelength dimensions. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the unidirectional emissions from a local nanoemitter coupled to a hybrid nanoantenna consisting of a plasmonic dipole antenna and an individual silicon nanorod. The emitter near-field was coupled to the dipolar antenna plasmon resonance to achieve a strong radiative decay rate modification, and the emitting plasmon pumped the multipoles within the silicon nanorod for efficient emission redirection. The hybrid antenna sustained a high forward directivity (i.e., a front-to-back ratio of 30 dB) with broadband operating wavelengths in the visible range (i.e., a spectral bandwidth of 240 nm). This facilitated a large library of plasmonic nanostructures to be incorporated, from single element dipole antennas to gap antennas. The proposed hybrid optical nanorouter with ultracompact structural dimensions of 0.08 λ2 was capable of spectrally sorting the emission from the local point source into distinct far-field directions, as well as possessing large emission gains introduced by the nanogap. The distinct features of antenna designs hold potential in the areas of novel nanoscale light sources, biosensing, and optical routing.
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26
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Jiang J, Zhu L, Dong L, Liang S, Yuan J, Zhang W, Qian J, Shu J, Jiang L, Li X. Multiband bonding/anti-boding interaction and selective electric field confinement in the complementary metamaterial. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:6065-6068. [PMID: 30548005 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.006065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental and theoretical study on the complementary planar metamaterial with asymmetrical air nanorods. Three high-quality samples are fabricated by the focused ion beam technique. Multi-band Fano-like resonances and selective electric field confinement in the visible-near infrared range are presented and well explained by the bonding/anti-boding and coupled mode theories of plasmonic resonators.
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