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Yu H, Xu M, Duan Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Song L, Cheng L, Ying J, Zhao D. 3D-printed porous tantalum artificial bone scaffolds: fabrication, properties, and applications. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:042002. [PMID: 38697199 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad46d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Porous tantalum scaffolds offer a high degree of biocompatibility and have a low friction coefficient. In addition, their biomimetic porous structure and mechanical properties, which closely resemble human bone tissue, make them a popular area of research in the field of bone defect repair. With the rapid advancement of additive manufacturing, 3D-printed porous tantalum scaffolds have increasingly emerged in recent years, offering exceptional design flexibility, as well as facilitating the fabrication of intricate geometries and complex pore structures that similar to human anatomy. This review provides a comprehensive description of the techniques, procedures, and specific parameters involved in the 3D printing of porous tantalum scaffolds. Concurrently, the review provides a summary of the mechanical properties, osteogenesis and antibacterial properties of porous tantalum scaffolds. The use of surface modification techniques and the drug carriers can enhance the characteristics of porous tantalum scaffolds. Accordingly, the review discusses the application of these porous tantalum materials in clinical settings. Multiple studies have demonstrated that 3D-printed porous tantalum scaffolds exhibit exceptional corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and osteogenic properties. As a result, they are considered highly suitable biomaterials for repairing bone defects. Despite the rapid development of 3D-printed porous tantalum scaffolds, they still encounter challenges and issues when used as bone defect implants in clinical applications. Ultimately, a concise overview of the primary challenges faced by 3D-printed porous tantalum scaffolds is offered, and corresponding insights to promote further exploration and advancement in this domain are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qida Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yada Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
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Yu HP, Zhu YJ. Guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials: from weak to strong. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4490-4606. [PMID: 38502087 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms in nature have undergone continuous evolution over billions of years, resulting in the formation of high-performance fracture-resistant biomineralized tissues such as bones and teeth to fulfill mechanical and biological functions, despite the fact that most inorganic biominerals that constitute biomineralized tissues are weak and brittle. During the long-period evolution process, nature has evolved a number of highly effective and smart strategies to design chemical compositions and structures of biomineralized tissues to enable superior properties and to adapt to surrounding environments. Most biomineralized tissues have hierarchically ordered structures consisting of very small building blocks on the nanometer scale (nanoparticles, nanofibers or nanoflakes) to reduce the inherent weaknesses and brittleness of corresponding inorganic biominerals, to prevent crack initiation and propagation, and to allow high defect tolerance. The bioinspired principles derived from biomineralized tissues are indispensable for designing and constructing high-performance biomimetic materials. In recent years, a large number of high-performance biomimetic materials have been prepared based on these bioinspired principles with a large volume of literature covering this topic. Therefore, a timely and comprehensive review on this hot topic is highly important and contributes to the future development of this rapidly evolving research field. This review article aims to be comprehensive, authoritative, and critical with wide general interest to the science community, summarizing recent advances in revealing the formation processes, composition, and structures of biomineralized tissues, providing in-depth insights into guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for the design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials, and discussing recent progress, current research trends, key problems, future main research directions and challenges, and future perspectives in this exciting and rapidly evolving research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Fan L, Chen S, Yang M, Liu Y, Liu J. Metallic Materials for Bone Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302132. [PMID: 37883735 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Repair of large bone defects caused by trauma or disease poses significant clinical challenges. Extensive research has focused on metallic materials for bone repair because of their favorable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and manufacturing processes. Traditional metallic materials, such as stainless steel and titanium alloys, are widely used in clinics. Biodegradable metallic materials, such as iron, magnesium, and zinc alloys, are promising candidates for bone repair because of their ability to degrade over time. Emerging metallic materials, such as porous tantalum and bismuth alloys, have gained attention as bone implants owing to their bone affinity and multifunctionality. However, these metallic materials encounter many practical difficulties that require urgent improvement. This article systematically reviews and analyzes the metallic materials used for bone repair, providing a comprehensive overview of their morphology, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and in vivo implantation. Furthermore, the strategies and efforts made to address the short-comings of metallic materials are summarized. Finally, the perspectives for the development of metallic materials to guide future research and advancements in clinical practice are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Wang Y, Qin X, Lv N, Gao L, Sun C, Tong Z, Li D. Microstructure Optimization for Design of Porous Tantalum Scaffolds Based on Mechanical Properties and Permeability. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7568. [PMID: 38138710 PMCID: PMC10744872 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Porous tantalum (Ta) implants have important clinical application prospects due to their appropriate elastic modulus, and their excellent bone growth and bone conduction ability. However, porous Ta microstructure designs generally mimic titanium (Ti) implants commonly used in the clinic, and there is a lack of research on the influence of the microstructure on the mechanical properties and penetration characteristics, which will greatly affect bone integration performance. This study explored the effects of different microstructure parameters, including the fillet radius of the middle plane and top planes, on the mechanics and permeability properties of porous Ta diamond cells through simulation, and put forward an optimization design with a 0.5 mm midplane fillet radius and 0.3 mm top-plane fillet radius in order to significantly decrease the stress concentration effect and improve permeability. On this basis, the porous Ta structures were prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology and evaluated before and after microstructural optimization. The elastic modulus and the yield strength were increased by 2.31% and 10.39%, respectively. At the same time, the permeability of the optimized structure was also increased by 8.25%. The optimized microstructure design of porous Ta has important medical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.W.); (X.Q.); (N.L.); (Z.T.); (D.L.)
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.W.); (X.Q.); (N.L.); (Z.T.); (D.L.)
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Naixin Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.W.); (X.Q.); (N.L.); (Z.T.); (D.L.)
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.W.); (X.Q.); (N.L.); (Z.T.); (D.L.)
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Changning Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.W.); (X.Q.); (N.L.); (Z.T.); (D.L.)
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.W.); (X.Q.); (N.L.); (Z.T.); (D.L.)
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.W.); (X.Q.); (N.L.); (Z.T.); (D.L.)
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
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Gao H, Yang J, Jin X, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang F, Chen H. Static Compressive Behavior and Failure Mechanism of Tantalum Scaffolds with Optimized Periodic Lattice Fabricated by Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:887-904. [PMID: 37886405 PMCID: PMC10599431 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Porous tantalum (Ta) scaffolds have been extensively used in the clinic for reconstructing bone tissues owing to their outstanding corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, osteointegration, osteoconductivity, and mechanical properties. Additive manufacturing (AM) has an advantage in fabricating patient-specific and anatomical-shape-matching bone implants with controllable and well-designed porous architectures through tissue engineering. The sharp angles of strut joints in porous structures can cause stress concentration, reducing mechanical properties of the structures. In this study, porous Ta scaffolds comprising rhombic dodecahedron lattice unit cells with optimized node radius and porosities of 65%, 75%, and 85% were designed and fabricated by AM. The porous architecture and microstructure were characterized. The compressive behavior and failure mechanism of the material were explored through experimental compression tests and finite element analysis (FEA). Morphological evaluations revealed that the Ta scaffolds are fully interconnected, and the struts are dense. No processing defects and fractures were observed on the surface of struts. The scaffolds exhibited compressive yield strength of 5.8-32.3 MPa and elastic modulus of 0.6-4.5 GPa, comparable to those of human cancellous and trabecular bone. The compressive stress-strain curves of all samples show ductile deformation behavior accompanied by a smooth plateau region. The AM-fabricated rhombic dodecahedron lattice Ta scaffolds exhibited excellent ductility and mechanical reliability and plastic failure due to bending deformation under compressive loading. Deformation and factures primarily occurred at the junctions of the rhombus-arranged struts in the longitudinal section. Moreover, the struts in the middle of the scaffolds underwent a larger deformation than those close to the loading ends. FEA revealed a smooth stress distribution on the rhombic dodecahedron lattice structure with optimized node radius and stress concentration at the junctions of rhombus-arranged struts in the longitudinal section, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. Thus, the AM-fabricated Ta scaffolds with optimized node radius are promising alternatives for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Gao
- School of Mechanical & Automobile Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhou Yang
- School of Mechanical & Automobile Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Dazhou Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Center of Biomedical Materials 3D Printing, National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Complex Structure Additive Manufacturing, Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Xia Jin
- School of Mechanical & Automobile Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Dachen Zhang
- Shenzhen Dazhou Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Center of Biomedical Materials 3D Printing, National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Complex Structure Additive Manufacturing, Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Shupei Zhang
- Shenzhen Dazhou Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Center of Biomedical Materials 3D Printing, National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Complex Structure Additive Manufacturing, Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Faqiang Zhang
- School of Mechanical & Automobile Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Haishen Chen
- Shenzhen Dazhou Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Center of Biomedical Materials 3D Printing, National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Complex Structure Additive Manufacturing, Baoding, P.R. China
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Ying J, Yu H, Cheng L, Li J, Wu B, Song L, Yi P, Wang H, Liu L, Zhao D. Research progress and clinical translation of three-dimensional printed porous tantalum in orthopaedics. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2023; 4:166-179. [PMID: 38283089 PMCID: PMC10817782 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
With continuous developments in additive manufacturing technology, tantalum (Ta) metal has been manufactured into orthopaedic implants with a variety of forms, properties and uses by three-dimensional printing. Based on extensive research in recent years, the design, processing and performance aspects of this new orthopaedic implant material have been greatly improved. Besides the bionic porous structure and mechanical characteristics that are similar to human bone tissue, porous tantalum is considered to be a viable bone repair material due to its outstanding corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, bone integration and bone conductivity. Numerous in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have been carried out in order to analyse the safety and efficacy of these implants in orthopaedic applications. This study reviews the most recent advances in manufacturing, characteristics and clinical application of porous tantalum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haiyu Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liqun Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Pinqiao Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haiyao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lingpeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Wang X, Zhou K, Li Y, Xie H, Wang B. Preparation, modification, and clinical application of porous tantalum scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1127939. [PMID: 37082213 PMCID: PMC10110962 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1127939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous tantalum (Ta) implants have been developed and clinically applied as high-quality implant biomaterials in the orthopedics field because of their excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, osteointegration, and bone conductivity. Porous Ta allows fine bone ingrowth and new bone formation through the inner space because of its high porosity and interconnected pore structure. It contributes to rapid bone integration and long-term stability of osseointegrated implants. Porous Ta has excellent wetting properties and high surface energy, which facilitate the adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization of osteoblasts. Moreover, porous Ta is superior to classical metallic materials in avoiding the stress shielding effect, minimizing the loss of marginal bone, and improving primary stability because of its low elastic modulus and high friction coefficient. Accordingly, the excellent biological and mechanical properties of porous Ta are primarily responsible for its rising clinical translation trend. Over the past 2 decades, advanced fabrication strategies such as emerging manufacturing technologies, surface modification techniques, and patient-oriented designs have remarkably influenced the microstructural characteristic, bioactive performance, and clinical indications of porous Ta scaffolds. The present review offers an overview of the fabrication methods, modification techniques, and orthopedic applications of porous Ta implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Xie
- *Correspondence: Hui Xie, ; Benjie Wang,
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Liang D, Zhong C, Jiang F, Liao J, Ye H, Ren F. Fabrication of Porous Tantalum with Low Elastic Modulus and Tunable Pore Size for Bone Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1720-1728. [PMID: 36780252 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Porous tantalum (Ta) is a potential bone substitute due to its excellent biocompatibility and desirable mechanical properties. In this work, a series of porous Ta materials with interconnected micropores and varying pore sizes from 23 to 210 μm were fabricated using spark plasma sintering. The porous structure was formed by thermal decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate powder premixed in the Ta powder. The pore size and porosity were controlled by the categorized particle size of ammonium bicarbonate. The porous Ta has elastic moduli in the range of 2.1-3.2 GPa and compressive yield strength in the range of 23-34 MPa, which are close to those of human bone. In vitro, as-fabricated porous Ta demonstrates excellent biocompatibility by supporting adhesion and proliferation of preosteoblasts. In vivo studies also validate its bone repair capability after implantation in a rat femur defect model. The study demonstrates a facile strategy to fabricate porous Ta with controllable pore size for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingshan Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chuanxin Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Feilong Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Junchen Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Haixia Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Lee SH, Kang MS, Jeon S, Jo HJ, Hong SW, Kim B, Han DW. 3D bioprinting of human mesenchymal stem cells-laden hydrogels incorporating MXene for spontaneous osteodifferentiation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14490. [PMID: 36994406 PMCID: PMC10040522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary advances in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies have enabled the fabrication of tailored live 3D tissue mimetics. Furthermore, the development of advanced bioink materials has been highlighted to accurately reproduce the composition of a native extracellular matrix and mimic the intrinsic properties of laden cells. Recent research has shown that MXene is one of promising nanobiomaterials with osteogenic activity for bone grafts and scaffolds due to its unique atomic structure of three titanium layers between two carbon layers. In this study, the MXene-incorporated gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) (i.e., GelMA/HAMA-MXene) bioinks were prepared to explore if they have the potential to enable the spontaneous osteodifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) when the hMSCs-laden GelMA/HAMA-MXene bioinks were 3D printed. The physicochemical and rheological characteristics of the GelMA/HAMA-MXene hydrogels were proven to be unprecedentedly favorable supportive matrices suited for the growth and survival of hMSCs. Furthermore, hMSCs were shown to spontaneously differentiate into osteoblasts within GelMA-HAMA/MXene composites to provide favorable microenvironments for osteogenesis. Therefore, our results suggest that the remarkable biofunctional advantages of the MXene-incorporated GelMA/HAMA bioink can be utilized in a wide range of strategies for the development of effective scaffolds in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hyun Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangheon Jeon
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Jo
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Engineering Research Center for Color-Modulated Extra-Sensory Perception Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute / Innovation Research & Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul 8 National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- BIO-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Jiao J, Hong Q, Zhang D, Wang M, Tang H, Yang J, Qu X, Yue B. Influence of porosity on osteogenesis, bone growth and osteointegration in trabecular tantalum scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1117954. [PMID: 36777251 PMCID: PMC9911888 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1117954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous tantalum implants are a class of materials commonly used in clinical practice to repair bone defects. However, the cumbersome and problematic preparation procedure have limited their widespread application. Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the design and process of orthopedic implants, but the pore architecture feature of porous tantalum scaffolds prepared from additive materials for optimal osseointegration are unclear, particularly the influence of porosity. We prepared trabecular bone-mimicking tantalum scaffolds with three different porosities (60%, 70% and 80%) using the laser powder bed fusing technique to examine and compare the effects of adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity of rat mesenchymal stem cells on the scaffolds in vitro. The in vivo bone ingrowth and osseointegration effects of each scaffold were analyzed in a rat femoral bone defect model. Three porous tantalum scaffolds were successfully prepared and characterized. In vitro studies showed that scaffolds with 70% and 80% porosity had a better ability to osteogenic proliferation and differentiation than scaffolds with 60% porosity. In vivo studies further confirmed that tantalum scaffolds with the 70% and 80% porosity had a better ability for bone ingrowh than the scaffold with 60% porosity. As for osseointegration, more bone was bound to the material in the scaffold with 70% porosity, suggesting that the 3D printed trabecular tantalum scaffold with 70% porosity could be the optimal choice for subsequent implant design, which we will further confirm in a large animal preclinical model for better clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyang Jiao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qimin Hong
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dachen Zhang
- Shenzhen Dazhou Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Center of Biomedical Materials 3D Printing, National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Complex Structure Additive Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haozheng Tang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Yang
- Shenzhen Dazhou Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Center of Biomedical Materials 3D Printing, National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Complex Structure Additive Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei, China,School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Jingzhou Yang, ; Xinhua Qu, ; Bing Yue,
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jingzhou Yang, ; Xinhua Qu, ; Bing Yue,
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jingzhou Yang, ; Xinhua Qu, ; Bing Yue,
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Sadeghzade S, Liu J, Wang H, Li X, Cao J, Cao H, Tang B, Yuan H. Recent advances on bioactive baghdadite ceramic for bone tissue engineering applications: 20 years of research and innovation (a review). Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100473. [PMID: 36345364 PMCID: PMC9636580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Various artificial bone graft substitutes based on ceramics have been developed over the last 20 years. Among them, calcium-silicate-based ceramics, which are osteoconductive and can attach directly to biological organs, have received great attention for bone tissue engineering applications. However, the degradation rate of calcium-silicate and bone formation is often out of balance, resulting in stress shielding (osteopenia). A new strategy to improve the drawbacks of these ceramics is incorporating trace elements such as Zn, Mg, and Zr into their lattice structures, enhancing their physical and biological properties. Recently, baghdadite (Ca3ZrSi2O9) ceramic, one of the most appealing calcium-silicate-based ceramics, has demonstrated high bioactivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and cell interaction. Because of its physical, mechanical, and biological properties and ability to be shaped using various fabrication techniques, baghdadite has found high potential in various biomedical applications such as coatings, fillers, cement, scaffolds, and drug delivery systems. Undoubtedly, there is a high potential for this newly developed ceramic to contribute significantly to therapies to provide a tremendous clinical outcome. This review paper aims to summarize and discuss the most relevant studies performed on baghdadite-based ceramics and composites by focusing on their behavior in vivo and in vitro.
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12
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Shi J, Dai W, Gupta A, Zhang B, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Pan L, Wang L. Frontiers of Hydroxyapatite Composites in Bionic Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15238475. [PMID: 36499970 PMCID: PMC9738134 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects caused by various factors may cause morphological and functional disorders that can seriously affect patient's quality of life. Autologous bone grafting is morbid, involves numerous complications, and provides limited volume at donor site. Hence, tissue-engineered bone is a better alternative for repair of bone defects and for promoting a patient's functional recovery. Besides good biocompatibility, scaffolding materials represented by hydroxyapatite (HA) composites in tissue-engineered bone also have strong ability to guide bone regeneration. The development of manufacturing technology and advances in material science have made HA composite scaffolding more closely related to the composition and mechanical properties of natural bone. The surface morphology and pore diameter of the scaffold material are more important for cell proliferation, differentiation, and nutrient exchange. The degradation rate of the composite scaffold should match the rate of osteogenesis, and the loading of cells/cytokine is beneficial to promote the formation of new bone. In conclusion, there is no doubt that a breakthrough has been made in composition, mechanical properties, and degradation of HA composites. Biomimetic tissue-engineered bone based on vascularization and innervation show a promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcun Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wufei Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgey, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Anand Gupta
- Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh 160017, India
| | - Bingqing Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ziqian Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lisha Pan
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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13
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Hothi H, Henckel J, Bergiers S, Di Laura A, Schlueter-Brust K, Hart A. Morphometric analysis of patient-specific 3D-printed acetabular cups: a comparative study of commercially available implants from 6 manufacturers. 3D Print Med 2022; 8:33. [PMID: 36342573 PMCID: PMC9639285 DOI: 10.1186/s41205-022-00160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 3D printed patient-specific titanium acetabular cups are used to treat patients with massive acetabular defects. These have highly porous surfaces, with the design intent of enhancing bony fixation. Our aim was to characterise these porous structures in commercially available designs. Methods We obtained 12 final-production, patient-specific 3D printed acetabular cups that had been produced by 6 manufacturers. High resolution micro-CT imaging was used to characterise morphometric features of their porous structures: (1) strut thickness, 2) the depth of the porous layer, (3) pore size and (4) the level of porosity. Additionally, we computed the surface area of each component to quantify how much titanium may be in contact with patient tissue. Statistical comparisons were made between the designs. Results We found a variability between designs in relation to the thickness of the struts (0.28 to 0.65 mm), how deep the porous layers are (0.57 to 11.51 mm), the pore size (0.74 to 1.87 mm) and the level of porosity (34 to 85%). One manufacturer printed structures with different porosities between the body and flange; another manufacturer had two differing porous regions within the body of the cups. The cups had a median (range) surface area of 756.5 mm2 (348 – 1724). Conclusions There is a wide variability between manufacturers in the porous titanium structures they 3D print. We do not currently know whether there is an optimal porosity and how this variability will impact clinically on the integrity of bony fixation; this will become clearer as post market surveillance data is generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Hothi
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA74LP, UK.
| | - Johann Henckel
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA74LP, UK
| | - Sean Bergiers
- The Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Di Laura
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA74LP, UK
| | - Klaus Schlueter-Brust
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Franziskus Hospital Köln, 50825, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alister Hart
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA74LP, UK.,The Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
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Sivakumar PM, Yetisgin AA, Sahin SB, Demir E, Cetinel S. Bone tissue engineering: Anionic polysaccharides as promising scaffolds. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 283:119142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Liu B, Ma Z, Li J, Xie H, Wei X, Wang B, Tian S, Yang J, Yang L, Cheng L, Li L, Zhao D. Experimental study of a 3D printed permanent implantable porous Ta-coated bone plate for fracture fixation. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:269-280. [PMID: 34901545 PMCID: PMC8636709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal plates have always been the gold standard in the clinic for internal fracture fixation due to their high strength advantages. However, high elastic modulus can cause stress shielding and lead to bone embrittlement. This study used an electron beam melting method to prepare personalized porous Ti6Al4V (pTi) bone plates. Then, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology coats tantalum (Ta) metal on the pTi bone plates. The prepared porous Ta-coated bone plate has an elastic modulus similar to cortical bone, and no stress shielding occurred. In vitro experiments showed that compared with pTi plates, Ta coating significantly enhances the attachment and proliferation of cells on the surface of the scaffold. To better evaluate the function of the Ta-coated bone plate, animal experiments were conducted using a coat tibia fracture model. Our results showed that the Ta-coated bone plate could effectively fix the fracture. Both imaging and histological analysis showed that the Ta-coated bone plate had prominent indirect binding of callus formation. Histological results showed that new bone grew at the interface and formed good osseointegration with the host bone. Therefore, this study provides an alternative to bio-functional Ta-coated bone plates with improved osseointegration and osteogenic functions for orthopaedic applications. Porous Ta coated bone plate has a low elastic modulus, which can avoid stress shielding. Porous Ta coated bone plate has excellent biocompatibility and can be permanently implanted in the body. Porous Ta coated bone plate has excellent osseointegration properties and can promote fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Liu
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Zhijie Ma
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Benjie Wang
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Simiao Tian
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Lu Li
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
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Luo C, Wang C, Wu X, Xie X, Wang C, Zhao C, Zou C, Lv F, Huang W, Liao J. Influence of porous tantalum scaffold pore size on osteogenesis and osteointegration: A comprehensive study based on 3D-printing technology. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112382. [PMID: 34579901 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The emerging role of porous tantalum (Ta) scaffold for bone tissue engineering is noticed due to its outstanding biological properties. However, it is controversial which pore size and porosity are more conducive for bone defect repair. In the present work, porous tantalum scaffolds with pore sizes of 100-200, 200-400, 400-600 and 600-800 μm and corresponding porosities of 25%, 55%, 75%, and 85% were constructed, using computer aided design and 3D printing technologies, then comprehensively studied by in vitro and in vivo studies. We found that Ta scaffold with pore size of 400-600 μm showed stronger ability in facilitating cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. In vivo tests identified that porous tantalum scaffolds with pore size of 400-600 μm showed better performance of bone ingrowth and integration. In mechanism, computational fluid dynamics analysis proved porous tantalum scaffolds with pore size of 400-600 μm hold appropriate permeability and surface area, which facilitated cell adhesion and proliferation. Our results strongly indicate that pore size and porosity are essential for further applications of porous tantalum scaffolds, and porous tantalum scaffolds with pore size 400-600 μm are conducive to osteogenesis and osseointegration. These findings provide new evidence for further application of porous tantalum scaffolds for bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqi Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Claire Wang
- Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Xiangdong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Furong Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Junyi Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Qi J, Yu T, Hu B, Wu H, Ouyang H. Current Biomaterial-Based Bone Tissue Engineering and Translational Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10233. [PMID: 34638571 PMCID: PMC8508818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects cause significant socio-economic costs worldwide, while the clinical "gold standard" of bone repair, the autologous bone graft, has limitations including limited graft supply, secondary injury, chronic pain and infection. Therefore, to reduce surgical complexity and speed up bone healing, innovative therapies are needed. Bone tissue engineering (BTE), a new cross-disciplinary science arisen in the 21st century, creates artificial environments specially constructed to facilitate bone regeneration and growth. By combining stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors, BTE fabricates biological substitutes to restore the functions of injured bone. Although BTE has made many valuable achievements, there remain some unsolved challenges. In this review, the latest research and application of stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors in BTE are summarized with the aim of providing references for the clinical application of BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Qi
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China;
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tianqi Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China;
| | - Bangyan Hu
- Section of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China;
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China;
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou 310003, China
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18
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Supercritical CO 2 technology for one-pot foaming and sterilization of polymeric scaffolds for bone regeneration. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120801. [PMID: 34139307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sterilization is a quite challenging step in the development of novel polymeric scaffolds for regenerative medicine since conventional sterilization techniques may significantly alter their morphological and physicochemical properties. Supercritical (sc) sterilization, i.e. the use of scCO2 as a sterilizing agent, emerges as a promising sterilization method due to the mild operational conditions and excellent penetration capability. In this work, a scCO2 protocol was implemented for the one-pot preparation and sterilization of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds. The sterilization conditions were established after screening against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) vegetative bacteria and spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus atrophaeus. The transition from the sterilization conditions (140 bar, 39 °C) to the compressed foaming (60 bar, 26 °C) was performed through controlled depressurization (3.2 bar/min) and CO2 liquid flow. Controlled depressurization/pressurization cycles were subsequently applied. Using this scCO2 technology toolbox, sterile scaffolds of well-controlled pore architecture were obtained. This sterilization procedure successfully achieved not only SAL-6 against well-known resistant bacteria endospores but also improved the scaffold morphologies compared to standard gamma radiation sterilization procedures.
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