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Baker JR, Gilbert J, O’Brien NS, Russell CC, McCluskey A, Sakoff JA. Next-generation of BBQ analogues that selectively target breast cancer. Front Chem 2024; 12:1396105. [PMID: 38974991 PMCID: PMC11224556 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1396105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously reported on the interaction of 10-chloro-7H-benzo[de]benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-7-one (10-Cl-BBQ) with the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and selective growth inhibition in breast cancer cell lines. We now report on a library of BBQ analogues with substituents on the phenyl and naphthyl rings for biological screening. Herein, we show that absence of the phenyl Cl of 10-Cl-BBQ to produce the simple BBQ molecule substantially enhanced the growth inhibitory effect with GI50 values of 0.001-2.1 μM in select breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D, ZR-75-1, SKBR3, MDA-MB-468, BT20, BT474 cells, while having modest effects of 2.1-7 μM in other cell lines including HT29, U87, SJ-G2, A2780, DU145, BE2-C, MIA, MDA-MB-231 or normal breast cells, MCF10A (3.2 μM). The most potent growth inhibitory effect of BBQ was observed in the triple negative cell line, MDA-MB-468 with a GI50 value of 0.001 μM, presenting a 3,200-fold greater response than in the normal MCF10A breast cells. Additions of Cl, CH3, CN to the phenyl ring and ring expansion from benzoimidazole to dihydroquinazoline hindered the growth inhibitory potency of the BBQ analogues by blocking potential sites of CYP1 oxidative metabolism, while addition of Cl or NO2 to the naphthyl rings restored potency. In a cell-based reporter assay all analogues induced 1.2 to 10-fold AhR transcription activation. Gene expression analysis confirmed the induction of CYP1 oxygenases by BBQ. The CYP1 inhibitor α-naphthoflavone, and the SULT1A1 inhibitor quercetin significantly reduced the growth inhibitory effect of BBQ, confirming the importance of both phase I and II metabolic activation for growth inhibition. Conventional molecular modelling/docking revealed no significant differences between the binding poses of the most and least active analogues. More detailed DFT analysis at the DSD-PBEP86/Def-TZVPP level of theory could not identify significant geometric or electronic changes which would account for this varied AhR activation. Generation of Fukui functions at the same level of theory showed that CYP1 metabolism will primarily occur at the phenyl head group of the analogues, and substituents within this ring lead to lower cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Baker
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas S. O’Brien
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecilia C. Russell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennette A. Sakoff
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
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Rydel-Ciszek K. DFT Studies of the Activity and Reactivity of Limonene in Comparison with Selected Monoterpenes. Molecules 2024; 29:1579. [PMID: 38611858 PMCID: PMC11013946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the effective processing of natural monoterpenes that constitute renewable biomass found in post-production waste into products that are starting materials for the synthesis of valuable compounds is a way to ensure independence from non-renewable fossil fuels and can contribute to reducing global carbon dioxide emissions. The presented research aims to determine, based on DFT calculations, the activity and reactivity of limonene, an organic substrate used in previous preparative analyses, in comparison to selected monoterpenes such as cymene, pinene, thymol, and menthol. The influence of the solvent model was also checked, and the bonds most susceptible to reaction were determined in the examined compounds. With regard to EHOMO, it was found that limonene reacts more easily than cymene or menthol but with more difficultly than thymol and pienene. The analysis of the global chemical reactivity descriptors "locates" the reactivity of limonene in the middle of the studied monoterpenes. It was observed that, among the tested compounds, the most reactive compound is thymol, while the least reactive is menthol. The demonstrated results can be a reference point for experimental work carried out using the discussed compounds, to focus research on those with the highest reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rydel-Ciszek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Zheng Z, Wang B, Li Z, Hao H, Wei C, Luo W, Jiao L, Zhang S, Zhou B, Ma X. Enhanced Charge Transfer via S-Scheme Heterojunction Interface Engineering of Supramolecular SubPc-Br/UiO-66 Arrays for Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306820. [PMID: 37802970 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Constructing heterojunction of supramolecular arrays self-assembled on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with elaborate charge transfer mechanisms is a promising strategy for the photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants. Herein, H12 SubPcB-Br (SubPc-Br) and UiO-66 are used to obtain the step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction SubPc-Br/UiO-66 for the first time, which is then applied in the photocatalytic oxidation of minocycline. Atomic-level B-O-Zr charge-transfer channels and van der Waals force connections synergistically accelerated the charge transfer at the interface of the SubPc-Br/UiO-66 heterojunction, while the establishment of the B-O-Zr bonds also led to the directional transfer of charge from SubPc-Br to UiO-66. The synergy is the key to improving the photocatalytic activity and stability of SubPc-Br/UiO-66, which is also verified by various characterization methods and theoretical calculations. The minocycline degradation efficiency of supramolecular SubPc-Br/UiO-66 arrays reach 90.9% within 30 min under visible light irradiation. The molecular dynamics simulations indicate that B-O-Zr bonds and van der Waals force contribute significantly to the stability of the SubPc-Br/UiO-66 heterojunction. This work reveals an approach for the rational design of semiconducting MOF-based heterojunctions with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Hong Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - ChaoYang Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - WenYu Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - LinYu Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- High-Frequency High-Voltage Device and Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - XiaoXun Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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Wiesner A, Zagrodzki P, Jamrozik M, Korchowiec J, Marcinkowska M, Paśko P. Chemometrics as a valuable tool for evaluating interactions between antiretroviral drugs and food. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:2977-2991. [PMID: 37218088 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Clinically significant interactions with food occur for more than half of antiretroviral drugs. Different physiochemical properties deriving from the chemical structures of antiretroviral drugs may contribute to the variable food effect. Chemometric methods allow analysing a large number of interrelated variables concomitantly and visualizing correlations between them. We used a chemometric approach to determine the types of correlations among different features of antiretroviral drugs and food that may influence interactions. METHODS Thirty-three antiretroviral drugs were analysed: ten nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, six non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, five integrase strand transfer inhibitors, ten protease inhibitors, one fusion inhibitor and one HIV maturation inhibitor. Input data for the analysis were collected from already published clinical studies, chemical records and calculations. We constructed a hierarchical partial least squares (PLS) model with three response parameters: postprandial change of time to reach maximum drug concentration (ΔTmax ), albumin binding (%) and logarithm of partition coefficient (logP). Predictor parameters were the first two principal components of principal component analysis (PCA) models for six groups of molecular descriptors. RESULTS PCA models explained 64.4% to 83.4% of the variance of the original parameters (average: 76.9%), whereas the PLS model had four significant components and explained 86.2% and 71.4% of the variance in the sets of predictor and response parameters, respectively. We observed 58 significant correlations between ΔTmax , albumin binding (%), logP and constitutional, topological, hydrogen bonding and charge-based molecular descriptors. CONCLUSIONS Chemometrics is a useful and valuable tool for analysing interactions between antiretroviral drugs and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wiesner
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Jamrozik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Korchowiec
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Marcinkowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Liu B, Liu L, Qin X, Liu Y, Yang R, Mo X, Qin C, Liang C, Yao S. Effect of Substituents on Molecular Reactivity during Lignin Oxidation by Chlorine Dioxide: A Density Functional Theory Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11809. [PMID: 37511570 PMCID: PMC10380563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a polymer with a complex structure. It is widely present in lignocellulosic biomass, and it has a variety of functional group substituents and linkage forms. Especially during the oxidation reaction, the positioning effect of the different substituents of the benzene ring leads to differences in lignin reactivity. The position of the benzene ring branched chain with respect to methoxy is important. The study of the effect of benzene substituents on the oxidation reaction's activity is still an unfinished task. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) and the m062x/6-311+g (d) basis set were used. Differences in the processes of phenolic oxygen intermediates formed by phenolic lignin structures (with different substituents) with chlorine dioxide during the chlorine dioxide reaction were investigated. Six phenolic lignin model species with different structures were selected. Bond energies, electrostatic potentials, atomic charges, Fukui functions and double descriptors of lignin model substances and reaction energy barriers are compared. The effects of benzene ring branched chains and methoxy on the mechanism of chlorine dioxide oxidation of lignin were revealed systematically. The results showed that the substituents with shorter branched chains and strong electron-absorbing ability were more stable. Lignin is not easily susceptible to the effects of chlorine dioxide. The substituents with longer branched chains have a significant effect on the flow of electron clouds. The results demonstrate that chlorine dioxide can affect the electron arrangement around the molecule, which directly affects the electrophilic activity of the molecule. The electron-absorbing effect of methoxy leads to a low dissociation energy of the phenolic hydroxyl group. Electrophilic reagents are more likely to attack this reaction site. In addition, the stabilizing effect of methoxy on the molecular structure of lignin was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chengrong Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Benjamin I, Louis H, O. Ekpen F, Gber TE, Gideon ME, Ahmad I, Unimuke TO, P. Akanimo N, Patel H, Eko IJ, Simon O, Agwamba EC, Ejiofor EU. Modeling the anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Activity of (E)-6-chloro-N 2-phenyl-N 4-(4-Phenyl-5-(Phenyl Diazinyl)-2λ 3, 3 λ 2- Thiazol-2-yl)-1, 3, 5-Triazine-2,4- Diamine. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2160773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Benjamin
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Francis O. Ekpen
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Terkumbur E. Gber
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Mathias E. Gideon
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel; Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Tomsmith O. Unimuke
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Nyong P. Akanimo
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel; Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | | | - Ojima Simon
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ernest C. Agwamba
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel U. Ejiofor
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Constructing Electron-Atom Elastic Scattering Potentials Using Relativistic Coupled-Cluster Theory: A Few Case Studies. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the immense interest in understanding the impact of an electron on atoms in the low-energy scattering phenomena observed in laboratories and astrophysical processes, we propose an approach to construct potentials using relativistic coupled-cluster (RCC) theory for the determination of electron-atom (e-A) elastic scattering cross-sections (eSCs). The net potential of an electron, scattered elastically by an atom, is conveniently expressed as the sum of the static (Vst) and exchange (Vex) potentials due to interactions of the scattered electron with the electrons of the atom and potentials due to polarization effects (Vpol) on the scattered electron by the atomic electrons. The Vst and Vex potentials for the e-A eSC problems can be constructed with a knowledge of the electron density function of the atom, while the Vpol potential can be obtained using the polarizabilities of the atom. In this paper, we present the electron densities and electric polarizabilties of Be, Mg, Ne and Ar atoms using two variants of the RCC method. Using these quantities, we construct potentials for e-A eSC problems. To obtain Vpol accurately, we evaluate the second- and third-order electric dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities using a linear response approach.
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