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Roy A, Dhibar S, Karmakar K, Bhattacharjee S, Saha B, Ray SJ. Development of a novel self-healing Zn(II)-metallohydrogel with wide bandgap semiconducting properties for non-volatile memory device application. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13109. [PMID: 38849385 PMCID: PMC11161586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A rapid and effective strategy has been devised for the swift development of a Zn(II)-ion-based supramolecular metallohydrogel, termed Zn@PEH, using pentaethylenehexamine as a low molecular weight gelator. This process occurs in an aqueous medium at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The mechanical strength of the synthesized Zn@PEH metallohydrogel has been assessed through rheological analysis, considering angular frequency and oscillator stress dependencies. Notably, the Zn@PEH metallohydrogel exhibits exceptional self-healing abilities and can bear substantial loads, which have been characterized through thixotropic analysis. Additionally, this metallohydrogel displays injectable properties. The structural arrangement resembling pebbles within the hierarchical network of the supramolecular Zn@PEH metallohydrogel has been explored using FESEM and TEM measurements. EDX elemental mapping has confirmed the primary chemical constituents of the metallohydrogel. The formation mechanism of the metallohydrogel has been analyzed via FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, zinc(II) metallohydrogel (Zn@PEH)-based Schottky diode structure has been fabricated in a lateral metal-semiconductor-metal configuration and it's charge transport behavior has also been studied. Notably, the zinc(II) metallohydrogel-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) device (Zn@PEH) demonstrates bipolar resistive switching behavior at room temperature. This RRAM device showcases remarkable switching endurance over 1000 consecutive cycles and a high ON/OFF ratio of approximately 270. Further, 2 × 2 crossbar array of the RRAM devices were designed to demonstrate OR and NOT logic circuit operations, which can be extended for performing higher order computing operations. These structures hold promise for applications in non-volatile memory design, neuromorphic and in-memory computing, flexible electronics, and optoelectronic devices due to their straightforward fabrication process, robust resistive switching behavior, and overall system stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801103, India
| | - Subhendu Dhibar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | - Kripasindhu Karmakar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Subham Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, 713303, India
| | - Bidyut Saha
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801103, India.
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2
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Dhibar S, Mohan A, Karmakar K, Mondal B, Roy A, Babu S, Garg P, Ruidas P, Bhattacharjee S, Roy S, Bera A, Ray SJ, Predeep P, Saha B. Novel supramolecular luminescent metallogels containing Tb(iii) and Eu(iii) ions with benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid gelator: advancing semiconductor applications in microelectronic devices. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12829-12840. [PMID: 38645531 PMCID: PMC11027726 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel strategy was employed to create supramolecular metallogels incorporating Tb(iii) and Eu(iii) ions using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (TA) as a gelator in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Rheological analysis demonstrated their mechanical robustness under varying stress levels and angular frequencies. FESEM imaging revealed a flake-like hierarchical network for Tb-TA and a rod-shaped architecture for Eu-TA. EDX analysis confirmed essential chemical constituents within the metallogels. FT-IR, PXRD, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis assessed their gelation process and material properties, showing semiconducting characteristics, validated by optical band-gap measurements. Metal-semiconductor junction-based devices integrating Al metal with Tb(iii)- and Eu(iii)-metallogels exhibited non-linear charge transport akin to a Schottky diode, indicating potential for advanced electronic device development. Direct utilization of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid and Tb(iii)/Eu(iii) sources underscores their suitability as semiconducting materials for device fabrication. This study explores the versatile applications of Tb-TA and Eu-TA metallogels, offering insights for material science researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Dhibar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
| | - Aiswarya Mohan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics and Electronics (LAMP), Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut 673603 Kerala India
| | - Kripasindhu Karmakar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur 495009 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar 801106 India
| | - Saranya Babu
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics and Electronics (LAMP), Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut 673603 Kerala India
| | - Parul Garg
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu J&K 181221 India
| | - Pradip Ruidas
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University Asansol 713303 West Bengal India
| | - Subham Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University Asansol 713303 West Bengal India
| | - Sanjay Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Netaji Subhas Open University, Kalyani Regional Centre Kolkata 741251 India
| | - Ashok Bera
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu J&K 181221 India
| | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar 801106 India
| | - Padmanabhan Predeep
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics and Electronics (LAMP), Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut 673603 Kerala India
| | - Bidyut Saha
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
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3
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Singh S, Sharma AK, Gade HM, Agarwal V, Nasani R, Verma N, Sharma B. Stimuli-responsive and self-healing supramolecular Zn(II)-guanosine metal-organic gel for Schottky barrier diode application. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1025-1035. [PMID: 38197513 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01405c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous formation of a supramolecular metal-organic hydrogel using unsubstituted guanosine as a ligand and Zn2+ ions is reported. Guanosine, in the presence of NaOH, self-assembled into a stable G-quadruplex structure, which underwent crosslinking through Zn2+ ions to afford a stable hydrogel. The gel has been characterized using several spectroscopic as well as microscopic studies. The hydrogel demonstrated excellent stimuli responsiveness towards various chemicals and pH. Furthermore, the gel exhibited intrinsic thixotropic behavior and showed self-healing and injectable properties. The optical properties of the Zn-guanosine metallo-hydrogel suggested a semiconducting nature of the gel, which has been exploited for fabricating a thin film device based on a Schottky diode interface between metal and a semiconductor. The fabricated device shows excellent charge transport characteristics and linear rectifying behavior. The findings are likely to pave the way for newer research in the area of soft electronic devices fabricated using materials synthesized by employing simple biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Singh
- Materials Research Centre, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, India.
| | - Atul Kumar Sharma
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Hrushikesh M Gade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Vidhi Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Rajendar Nasani
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Nisha Verma
- Materials Research Centre, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, India.
| | - Bhagwati Sharma
- Materials Research Centre, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, India.
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Dhibar S, Roy A, Sarkar T, Das P, Karmakar K, Bhattacharjee S, Mondal B, Chatterjee P, Sarkar K, Ray SJ, Saha B. Rapid Semiconducting Supramolecular Mg(II)-Metallohydrogel: Exploring Its Potential in Nonvolatile Resistive Switching Applications and Antiseptic Wound Healing Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:179-192. [PMID: 38112377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An effective strategy was employed for the rapid development of a supramolecular metallohydrogel of Mg(II) ion (i.e., Mg@PEHA) using pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) as a low-molecular-weight gelator in aqueous medium under ambient conditions. The mechanical stability of the synthesized Mg@PEHA metallohydrogel was characterized by using rheological analysis, which showed its robustness across different angular frequencies and oscillator stress levels. The metallohydrogel exhibited excellent thixotropic behavior, which signifies that Mg@PEHA has a self-healing nature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images were utilized to explore the rectangular pebble-like hierarchical network of the Mg@PEHA metallohydrogel. Elemental mapping through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of primary chemical constituents in the metallohydrogel. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy provided insights into the possible formation strategy of the metallohydrogel. In this work, Schottky diode structures in a metal-semiconductor-metal geometry based on a magnesium(II) metallohydrogel (Mg@PEHA) were constructed, and the charge transport behavior was observed. Additionally, a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device was developed using Mg@PEHA, which displayed bipolar resistive switching behavior at room temperature. The researchers investigated the switching mechanism, which involved the formation or rupture of conduction filaments, to gain insights into the resistive switching process. The RRAM device demonstrated excellent performance with a high ON/OFF ratio of approximately 100 and remarkable endurance of over 5000 switching cycles. RRAM devices exhibit good endurance, meaning they can endure a large number of read and write cycles without significant degradation in performance. RRAM devices have shown promising reliability in terms of long-term performance and stability, making them suitable for critical applications that require reliable memory solutions. Significant inhibitory activity against the drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia strain and its biofilm formation ability was demonstrated by Mg@PEHA. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of the metallohydrogel was determined to be 3 mg/mL when it was dissolved in 1% DMSO. To study the antibiofilm activity, an MTT assay was performed, revealing that biofilm inhibition (60%) commenced at 1 mg/mL of Mg@PEHA when dissolved in 1% DMSO. Moreover, in the mouse excisional wound model, Mg@PEHA played a crucial role in preventing postoperative wound infections and promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Dhibar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104 West Bengal, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - Tuhin Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Priyanka Das
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Kripasindhu Karmakar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104 West Bengal, India
| | - Subham Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713303 West Bengal, India
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009 Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Priyajit Chatterjee
- University Science Instrumentation Centre, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104 West Bengal, India
| | - Keka Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - Bidyut Saha
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104 West Bengal, India
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5
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Karmakar K, Roy A, Dhibar S, Majumder S, Bhattacharjee S, Rahaman SKM, Saha R, Chatterjee P, Ray SJ, Saha B. Exploration of a wide bandgap semiconducting supramolecular Mg(II)-metallohydrogel derived from an aliphatic amine: a robust resistive switching framework for brain-inspired computing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22318. [PMID: 38102201 PMCID: PMC10724216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid metallohydrogelation strategy has been developed of magnesium(II)-ion using trimethylamine as a low molecular weight gelator in water medium at room temperature. The mechanical property of the synthesized metallohydrogel material is established through the rheological analysis. The nano-rose like morphological patterns of Mg(II)-metallohydrogel are characterized through field emission scanning electron microscopic study. The energy dispersive X-ray elemental mapping analysis confirms the primary gel forming elements of Mg(II)-metallohydrogel. The possible metallohydrogel formation strategy has been analyzed through FT-IR spectroscopic study. In this work, magnesium(II) metallohydrogel (Mg@TMA) based metal-semiconductor-metal structures have been developed and charge transport behaviour is studied. Here, it is confirmed that the magnesium(II) metallohydrogel (Mg@TMA) based resistive random access memory (RRAM) device is showing bipolar resistive switching behaviour at room temperature. We have also explored the mechanism of resistive switching behaviour using the formation (rupture) of conductive filaments between the metal electrodes. This RRAM devices exhibit excellent switching endurance over 10,000 switching cycles with a large ON/OFF ratio (~ 100). The easy fabrication techniques, robust resistive switching behaviour and stability of the present system makes these structures preferred candidate for applications in non-volatile memory design, neuromorphic computing, flexible electronics and optoelectronics etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripasindhu Karmakar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India
| | - Subhendu Dhibar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | - Shantanu Majumder
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India
| | - Subham Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, 713303, India
| | - S K Mehebub Rahaman
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Ratnakar Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Priyajit Chatterjee
- University Science Instrumentation Centre, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India.
| | - Bidyut Saha
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India.
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Dhibar S, Pal B, Karmakar K, Roy S, Hafiz SA, Roy A, Bhattacharjee S, Ray SJ, Ray PP, Saha B. A 5-aminoisophthalic acid low molecular weight gelator based novel semiconducting supramolecular Zn(ii)-metallogel: unlocking an efficient Schottky barrier diode for microelectronics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6714-6723. [PMID: 38024309 PMCID: PMC10662173 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00671a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel method has been successfully developed for creating supramolecular metallogels using zinc(ii) ions and 5-aminoisophthalic acid as the gelator (low molecular weight gelator) in a dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent at room temperature. Comprehensive rheological investigations confirm the robust mechanical strength of the resulting zinc(ii)-metallogel. Microstructural analysis conducted through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) unveils a unique flake-like morphology, with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental mapping confirming the prevalence of zinc as the primary constituent of the metallogel. To understand the formation mechanism of this metallogel, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed. Notably, these supramolecular zinc(ii)-metallogel assemblies exhibit electrical conductivity reminiscent of metal-semiconductor (MS) junction electronic components. Surprisingly, the metallogel-based thin film device showcases an impressive electrical conductivity of 1.34 × 10-5 S m-1. The semiconductor characteristics of the synthesized zinc(ii)-metallogel devices, including their Schottky barrier diode properties, have been extensively investigated. This multifaceted study opens up a promising avenue for designing functional materials tailored for electronic applications. It harnesses the synergistic properties of supramolecular metallogels and highlights their significant potential in the development of semiconductor devices. This work represents a novel approach to the creation of advanced materials with unique electronic properties, offering exciting prospects for future innovations in electronic and semiconductor technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Dhibar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
| | - Baishakhi Pal
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India +91 3324572844
| | - Kripasindhu Karmakar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
| | - Sanjay Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Kalyani Regional Centre, Netaji Subhas Open University West Bengal India
| | - Sk Abdul Hafiz
- Department of Chemistry, KaziNazrul University Asansol 713303 West Bengal India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar 801106 India
| | | | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar 801106 India
| | - Partha Pratim Ray
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India +91 3324572844
| | - Bidyut Saha
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
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7
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Pal I, Pathak NK, Majumdar S, Lepcha G, Dey A, Yatirajula SK, Tripathy U, Dey B. Solvent-Driven Variations of Third-Order Nonlinear Thermo-Optical Features of Glutaric Acid-Directed Self-Healing Supramolecular Ni(II) Metallogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16584-16595. [PMID: 37934977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The generation of solvent-directed self-healing supramolecular Ni(II) metallogels of glutaric acid (i.e., Ni-Glu-DMF and Ni-Glu-DMSO) is described in this article. Polar aprotic solvents like N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are separately entrapped into the Ni(II)-acetate salt and glutaric acid-mediated networks to attain the semisolid flexible scaffolds. The gel nature of the fabricated materials is experimentally proven through different rheological tests such as amplitude sweep, frequency sweep, and thixotropic (time sweep) measurements. The self-repairing strategy and load-bearing features of the synthesized metallogel are studied in this work. The different supramolecular noncovalent interactions working within the soft scaffold are clearly explored. The formation strategy and the microstructural features of these synthesized metallogels are scrutinized through a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy study and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) morphological analyses. The FT-IR spectroscopy observation displays a considerable amount of shifting of the infrared (IR) peaks of the xerogel samples of both the metallogels Ni-Glu-DMF and Ni-Glu-DMSO. The electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectroscopy result demonstrates the plausible construction of the metallogel network. In order to examine the nonlinear optical characteristics of the two synthesized self-healing metallogels Ni-Glu-DMSO and Ni-Glu-DMF, Z-scan measurements are carried out with a continuous wave (CW) diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser at 532 nm. The nonlinear refractive index, nonlinear absorption coefficient, thermo-optical coefficient, and third-order susceptibility of these metallogels were evaluated by analyzing the experimental data from the Sheik-Bahae formalism. The nonlinear thermo-optical study reveals that these solvent-dependent metallogels show negative signs of nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient. The figure of merit calculated for these compounds shows good agreement for their use in nonlinear photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Santanu Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Gerald Lepcha
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Amiya Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Yatirajula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Umakanta Tripathy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Biswajit Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
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Dhibar S, Pal S, Karmakar K, Hafiz SA, Bhattacharjee S, Roy A, Rahaman SKM, Ray SJ, Dam S, Saha B. Two novel low molecular weight gelator-driven supramolecular metallogels efficient in antimicrobial activity applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32842-32849. [PMID: 38025858 PMCID: PMC10630960 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A remarkable ultrasonication technique was successfully employed to create two novel metallogels using citric acid as a low molecular weight gelator, in combination with cadmium(ii)-acetate and mercury(ii)-acetate dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide at room temperature and under ambient conditions. The mechanical properties of the resulting Cd(ii)- and Hg(ii)-metallogels were rigorously examined through rheological analyses, which revealed their robust mechanical stability under varying angular frequencies and shear strains. Detailed characterization of the chemical constituents within these metallogels was accomplished through EDX mapping experiments, while microstructural features were visualized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. Additionally, FT-IR spectroscopic analysis was employed to elucidate the metallogel formation mechanism. Significantly, the antimicrobial efficacy of these novel metallogels was assessed against a panel of bacteria, including Gram-positive strains such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, as well as Gram-negative species like Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity, highlighting the potential of Cd(ii) and Hg(ii)-based citric acid-mediated metallogels as effective agents against a broad spectrum of bacteria. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive exploration of the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of Cd(ii) and Hg(ii)-based citric acid-mediated metallogels, shedding light on their promising applications in combating both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. These findings open up exciting prospects for the development of advanced materials with multifaceted industrial and biomedical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Dhibar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan-713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
| | - Suchetana Pal
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan Burdwan-713104 West Bengal India
| | - Kripasindhu Karmakar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan-713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
| | - Sk Abdul Hafiz
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University Asansol-713303 West Bengal India
| | - Subham Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University Asansol-713303 West Bengal India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar-801106 India
| | - S K Mehebub Rahaman
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan-713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
| | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar-801106 India
| | - Somasri Dam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan Burdwan-713104 West Bengal India
| | - Bidyut Saha
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan-713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
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9
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A novel citric acid facilitated supramolecular Zinc(II)-metallogel: Toward semiconducting device applications. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Dhibar S, Pal B, Karmakar K, Kundu S, Bhattacharjee S, Sahoo R, Mehebub Rahaman SK, Dey D, Pratim Ray P, Saha B. Exploring a supramolecular gel to
in‐situ
crystal fabrication from the low molecular weight gelators: a crystal engineering approach towards microelectronic device application. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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A "heat set" Zr-Diimide based Fibrous Metallogel: Multiresponsive Sensor, Column-based Dye Separation, and Iodine Sequestration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:441-452. [PMID: 36462267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sensing and monitoring hazardous contaminants in water and radioactive iodine sequestration is pivotal due to their detrimental impact on biological ecosystems. In this context, herein, a water stable zirconium-diimide based metallogel (Zr@MG) with fibrous columnar morphology is accomplished through the "heat set" method. The presence of diimide linkage with long aromatic chain manifests active luminescence properties in the linker as well as in the supramolecular framework structure. The as-synthesized Zr@MG xerogel can selectively detectCr2O72- (LOD = 0.52 ppm) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) (LOD = 80.2 ppb) in the aqueous medium. The Zr@MG paper strip-based detection for Cr2O72- and nitro explosive makes this metallogel reliable and an attractive luminescent sensor for practical use. Moreover, a column-based dye separation experiment was performed to show selective capture of positively charged methylene blue (MB) dye with 98 % separation efficiency from the mixture of two dyes. Also, the Zr@MG xerogel showed effective iodine sequestration from the vapor phase (232 wt%).
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A Transparent Self-Healable Multistimuli-Responsive novel Supramolecular Co(II)-Metallogel derived from Adipic Acid: Effective Hole Transport Layer for Polymer Solar Cells. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Squaric acid driven supramolecular metallogels of Cd(II) and Zn(II): Sensitive inhibitors for multi-drug resistance ESKAPE pathogens. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dhibar S, Dey A, Dalal A, Bhattacharya S, Sahu R, Sahoo R, Mondal A, Mehebub Rahaman SK, Kundu S, Saha B. An Organic Acid consisted Multiresponsive Self-Healing Supramolecular Cu(II)-Metallogel: Fabrication and Analysis of semiconducting device. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Majumdar S, Pal B, Sahu R, Das KS, Ray PP, Dey B. A croconate-directed supramolecular self-healable Cd(II)-metallogel with dispersed 2D-nanosheets of hexagonal boron nitride: a comparative outcome of the charge-transport phenomena and non-linear rectifying behaviour of semiconducting diodes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9007-9016. [PMID: 35638739 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of croconic acid disodium salt (CADS) as an organic gelator with Cd(II) salt to obtain an efficient soft-scaffold supramolecular self-healable metallogel (Cd-CADS) in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) media was investigated following an ultrasonication technique. The experimentally scrutinized rheological values of the fabricated metallogel not only revealed the visco-elastic property and mechanical stiffness, but also exposed the self-healable behaviour of the gel material. Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) were incorporated within the gel network to obtain a 2D nanosheet dispersed metallogel of Cd(II) croconate (h-BN@Cd-CADS). The microstructural investigations of the original gel network and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) 2D nanosheet dispersed gel-network were performed through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and established the interconnecting rod-like fibrous type morphological patterns and inter-connected hexagonal type rod-shaped architecture pattern, respectively. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was used to visualize the morphological distinction of the Cd-CADS metallogel with the h-BN 2D nanosheets. The infrared spectral (FT-IR) outputs helped to identify the formation pathway to construct the semi-solid self-healing flexible metallogel and h-BN 2D nanosheet dispersed metallogel nanocomposite, respectively. Fascinating electronic-charge transportation was revealed in the as-fabricated Cd-CADS and h-BN@Cd-CADS metallogel-based devices. Furthermore, h-BN 2D-nanosheet-directed modulation of the non-linear rectifying feature of the supramolecular Cd-CADS-metallogel was observed, with the h-BN@Cd-CADS metallogel showing a greater rectifying property, implying that it has a higher conductivity compared to the Cd-CADS metallogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India.
| | - Baishakhi Pal
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Rajib Sahu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Krishna Sundar Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | | | - Biswajit Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India.
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Majumdar S, Ray PP, Sahu R, Dey A, Dey B. Strategic fabrication of efficient photo-responsive semiconductor electronic diode-devices by Bovine Serum Albumin protein-based Cu(II)-metallohydrogel scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:287-293. [PMID: 34896152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bovine Serum Albumin protein-based two fascinating functional self-healing Cu(II) metallohydrogel scaffolds (MD1 and MD2) have been studied for the development of metal-semiconductor junction based Schottky diode device. Multiple metal-semiconductor (MS) junction devices, offering the sandwich-like configuration of Indium tin oxide (ITO)/ metallogel/Aluminium (Al), have been made-up to investigate the electrical properties of the synthesized metallohydrogel materials. Optical characterizations including optical band gap measurement have been carried out using Tauc's equation for both the metallohydrogels. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of just made-up devices are studied under irradiation and non- irradiation conditions to explore the electrical features through investigating the charge transport phenomenon. The electrical conductivity gets estimated as 3.13 × 10-5 S.m-1 and 2.69 × 10-5 S.m-1 for MD1 and MD2 under dark condition, and 11.06 × 10-5 S.m-1 and 5.99 × 10-5 S.m-1 for MD1 and MD2, respectively, in photo-irradiation. The measured optical and electrical properties of MD1 and MD2 metallohydrogels are thoroughly investigated and the data indicates that MD1 and MD2 metallohyrogels are semiconducting in nature with excellent photo-responsive behaviour. Moreover, the representative I - V characteristic of the MD1 and MD2 metallohydrogels at both irradiation and non-irradiation conditions represents the nonlinear rectifying behaviour, a typical signature for Schottky diode (SD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | | | - Rajib Sahu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arka Dey
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Biswajit Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India.
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Ghosh S, Bhattacharya S, Baildya N, Nath Ghosh N, Ghosh K. Silver‐Ion‐Selective Gelation of Simple Pyridine‐Naphthalimide Conjugates with Multiple Applications: Sensing, Drug Delivery, Dye Adsorption and Ion Conductivity. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | | | | | | | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
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Electronic charge transport phenomena directed smart fabrication of Metal-Semiconductor based electronic junction device by a supramolecular Mn(II)-Metallogel. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Das P, Majumdar S, Dey A, Mandal S, Mondal A, Chakrabarty S, Ray PP, Dey B. 4,4′-Bipyridine-based Ni( ii)-metallogel for fabricating a photo-responsive Schottky barrier diode device. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01629f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
4,4′-Bipyridine-based Ni(ii)-metallogel has been implemented to execute a light-responsive semiconducting Schottky barrier diode device with advanced functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pubali Das
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Santanu Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Arka Dey
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Sourav Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Atish Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Sinchan Chakrabarty
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Partha Pratim Ray
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Biswajit Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
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Kumar V, Upadhyay RK, Bano D, Chandra S, Kumar D, Jit S, Hasan SH. The fabrication and characterization of a supramolecular Cu-based metallogel thin-film based Schottky diode. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a Cu–H4L metallogel and its application in the fabrication of a Schottky diode are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Nano-materials Laboratory
- IIT BHU
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | | | - Daraksha Bano
- Department of Chemistry
- Nano-materials Laboratory
- IIT BHU
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Department of Chemistry
- Nano-materials Laboratory
- IIT BHU
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Nano-materials Laboratory
- IIT BHU
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Satyabrata Jit
- Department of Electronics Engineering, IIT BHU
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Syed Hadi Hasan
- Department of Chemistry
- Nano-materials Laboratory
- IIT BHU
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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