1
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Ivantcova PM, Kolychev EL, Sizikov AA, Mochalova EN, Cherkasov VR, Nikitin MP. Carbene-coated metal nanoparticles for in vivo applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 242:114097. [PMID: 39067190 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are well-recognized ligands of choice for preparing robust transition metal species. However, their use for fabrication of biomedically relevant nanoparticles has been limited to the synthesis of non-targeted particles showing increased tolerance to different aqueous coagulants. In this work, the first example of carbene-coated metal nanoparticles suitable for in vivo applications is presented. Directed design of a novel biscarbene NHC ligand allowed to prepare the first magnetite/gold (Fe3O4@AuNP@NHC) nanostructures and carbene gold (AuNP@NHC) nanoparticles with significant stability in aqueous solutions and enhanced ability to form bioconjugates. Furthermore, these nanoparticles exhibit an extraordinary property for inorganic nanoparticles: they can endure several additive-free air drying/redispersion cycles without deterioration of their colloidal behavior. Bioconjugated AuNP@NHC and multimodal Fe3O4@AuNP@NHC demonstrated a successful performance in three distinct applications: lateral flow tests, specific cancer cell targeting, and bioimaging. Thus, the results show the notable advantages of the N-heterocyclic carbene coating of inorganic nanoparticles and their utility for complex biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina M Ivantcova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiyskiy ave, b.1, Sirius, Krasnodar region 354340, Russian Federation.
| | - Eugene L Kolychev
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russian Federation.
| | - Artem A Sizikov
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kerchenskaya str., 1А, Moscow 117303, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta N Mochalova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiyskiy ave, b.1, Sirius, Krasnodar region 354340, Russian Federation; Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kerchenskaya str., 1А, Moscow 117303, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir R Cherkasov
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kerchenskaya str., 1А, Moscow 117303, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim P Nikitin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiyskiy ave, b.1, Sirius, Krasnodar region 354340, Russian Federation; Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russian Federation; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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2
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Jensen IM, Clark V, Kirby HL, Arroyo-Currás N, Jenkins DM. Tuning N-heterocyclic carbene wingtips to form electrochemically stable adlayers on metals. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 5:7052-7060. [PMID: 39156595 PMCID: PMC11325317 DOI: 10.1039/d4ma00648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are employed in electrochemical biosensors to passivate and functionalize electrode surfaces. These monolayers prevent the occurrence of undesired electrochemical reactions and act as scaffolds for coupling bioaffinity reagents. Thiols are the most common adlayer used for this application; however, the thiol-gold bond is susceptible to competitive displacement by naturally occurring solvated thiols in biological fluids, as well as to desorption under continuous voltage interrogation. To overcome these issues, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) monolayers have been proposed as an alternative for electrochemical biosensor applications due to the strong carbon-gold bond. To maximize the effectiveness of NHCs for SAMs, a thorough understanding of both the steric effects of wingtip substituents and NHC precursor type to the passivation of electrode surfaces is required. In this study, five different NHC wingtips as well as two kinds of NHC precursors were evaluated. The best performing NHC adlayers can be cycled continuously for four days (over 30 000 voltammetric cycles) without appreciably desorbing from the electrode surface. Benchmark thiol monolayers, in contrast, rapidly desorb after only twelve hours. Investigations also show NHC adlayer formation on other biosensor-relevant electrodes such as platinum and palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Jensen
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Vincent Clark
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Program Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Harper L Kirby
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Program Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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3
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Qi L, Mayall RM, Lee DS, Smith C, Woods A, Narouz MR, Hyla A, Bhattacharjee H, She Z, Crudden CM, Birss VI. Energetics and Redox Kinetics of Pure Ferrocene-Terminated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:17367-17377. [PMID: 39106183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold have received considerable attention, but little is known about the lateral interactions between neighboring NHC molecules, their stability when subjected to aggressive oxidizing/reducing conditions, and their interactions with solution ions, all of which are essential for their use in a wide range of applications. To address these deficiencies, we present a comprehensive investigation of two different ferrocene (Fc)-terminated NHC SAMs with different chain lengths and linking groups. Pure monolayers of Fc-terminated NHCs display only a single, symmetrical pair of redox peaks, implying the formation of a homogeneous SAM structure with uniformly distributed Fc/Fc+ redox centers. By comparison, pure Fc-alkylthiol SAMs exhibit complex and impractical redox chemistry and require surface dilution in order to achieve reproducible properties. The NHC SAMs examined in this study exhibit very fast Fc redox kinetics and comparable or even superior stability against the application of multiple potential cycles or long-time holding at constant potential compared to alkylthiol SAMs. Furthermore, ion pairing of Fc+ and hydrophobic perchlorate and other hydrophilic anions is observed with Fc-NHC SAMs, highlighting conditions favorable for future applications of these monolayers. This study should therefore shed light on the very promising characteristics of redox-active NHC SAMs as an alternative to traditional Fc-alkylthiol SAMs for multiple practical applications, including in sensors and electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Robert M Mayall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Dianne S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Christene Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - April Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Mina R Narouz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Alexander Hyla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | | | - Zhe She
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Viola Ingrid Birss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
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4
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Pan Y, Baster D, Käch D, Reger J, Wettstein L, Krumeich F, El Kazzi M, Bezdek MJ. Triphenylphosphine Oxide: A Versatile Covalent Functionality for Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202412084. [PMID: 39087346 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202412084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Broadening the scope of functionalities that can be covalently bound to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is crucial for enhancing the versatility of this promising nanomaterial class in applied settings. Here we report the covalent linkage of triphenylphosphine oxide [Ph3P(O)] to SWCNTs, a hitherto overlooked surface functionality. We detail the synthesis and structural characterization of a new family of phosphine oxide-functionalized diaryliodonium salts that can facilitate direct Ph3P(O) transfer and afford novel SWCNTs with tunable Ph3P(O) content (SWCNT-P). The molecularly-distributed and robust nature of the covalent Ph3P(O) attachment in SWCNT-P was supported by a combination of characterization methods including Raman, infrared, UV/Vis-NIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies coupled with thermogravimetric analysis. Electron microscopy further revealed the effectiveness of the Ph3P(O) moiety for de-bundling SWCNTs to yield SWCNT-P with superior dispersibility and processability. Finally, electrochemical studies established that SWCNT-P is sensitive to the presence of Li+, Na+ and K+ wherein the Gutmann-Beckett Lewis acidity parameters of the ions were quantitatively transduced by Ph3P(O) to electrochemical responses. This work hence presents a synthetic, structural, spectroscopic and electrochemical foundation for a new phosphorus-enriched responsive nanomaterial platform featuring the Ph3P(O) functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominika Baster
- PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Käch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Wettstein
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mario El Kazzi
- PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Máté J Bezdek
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Hosnedlova B, Werle J, Cepova J, Narayanan VHB, Vyslouzilova L, Fernandez C, Parikesit AA, Kepinska M, Klapkova E, Kotaska K, Stepankova O, Bjorklund G, Prusa R, Kizek R. Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Identification of Viruses: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-30. [PMID: 38753964 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2343853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Due to their life cycle, viruses can disrupt the metabolism of their hosts, causing diseases. If we want to disrupt their life cycle, it is necessary to identify their presence. For this purpose, it is possible to use several molecular-biological and bioanalytical methods. The reference selection was performed based on electronic databases (2020-2023). This review focused on electrochemical methods with high sensitivity and selectivity (53% voltammetry/amperometry, 33% impedance, and 12% other methods) which showed their great potential for detecting various viruses. Moreover, the aforementioned electrochemical methods have considerable potential to be applicable for care-point use as they are portable due to their miniaturizability and fast speed analysis (minutes to hours), and are relatively easy to interpret. A total of 2011 articles were found, of which 86 original papers were subsequently evaluated (the majority of which are focused on human pathogens, whereas articles dealing with plant pathogens are in the minority). Thirty-two species of viruses were included in the evaluation. It was found that most of the examined research studies (77%) used nanotechnological modifications. Other ones performed immunological (52%) or genetic analyses (43%) for virus detection. 5% of the reports used peptides to increase the method's sensitivity. When evaluable, 65% of the research studies had LOD values in the order of ng or nM. The vast majority (79%) of the studies represent proof of concept and possibilities with low application potential and a high need of further research experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Hosnedlova
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Werle
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Cepova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vedha Hari B Narayanan
- Pharmaceutical Technology Lab, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Lenka Vyslouzilova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Assistive Technologies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Arli Aditya Parikesit
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta, Timur, Indonesia
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eva Klapkova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kotaska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Stepankova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Assistive Technologies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Geir Bjorklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Richard Prusa
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Amit E, Mondal R, Berg I, Nairoukh Z, Gross E. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Metal-Oxide Films: Correlations between Adsorption Mode and Surface Functionality. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10374-10383. [PMID: 38701356 PMCID: PMC11100006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been self-assembled on various metal and semimetal surfaces, creating a covalent bond with surface metal atoms that led to high thermal and chemical stability of the self-assembled monolayer. This study explores the self-assembly of NHCs on metal-oxide films (CuOx, FeOx, and TiOx) and reveals that the properties of these metal-oxide substrates play a pivotal role in dictating the adsorption behavior of NHCs, influencing the decomposition route of the monolayer and its impact on work function values. While the attachment of NHCs onto CuOx is via coordination with surface oxygen atoms, NHCs interact with TiOx through coordination with surface metal atoms and with FeOx via coordination with both metal and oxygen surface atoms. These distinct binding modes arise due to variances in the electronic properties of the metal atoms within the investigated metal-oxide films. Contact angle and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements have shown a significantly higher impact of F-NHC adsorption on CuOx than on TiOx and FeOx , correlated to a preferred, averaged upright orientation of F-NHC on CuOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einav Amit
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Rajarshi Mondal
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Iris Berg
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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7
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Panicker LR, Kummari S, Keerthanaa MR, Rao Bommi J, Koteshwara Reddy K, Yugender Goud K. Trends and challenges in electroanalytical biosensing methodologies for infectious viral diseases. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108594. [PMID: 37984310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Viral pandemic diseases have disruptive global consequences leading to millions of deaths and a severe impact on the global economy. Inadequate preventative protocols have led to an overwhelming demand for intensive care leading to uncontrollable burdens and even breakdown of healthcare sectors across many countries. The rapid detection of viral disease helps in the understanding of the relevant intricacies, helping to tackle infection with improved guidelines. Portable biosensor devices offer promising solutions by facilitating on-site detection of viral pathogens. This review summarizes the latest innovative strategies reported using electroanalytical methods for the screening of viral antigens. The structural components of viruses and their categories are presented followed by the various recognition elements and transduction techniques involved in biosensors. Core sections focus on biosensors reported for viral genomic detection(DNA and RNA) and antigenic capsid protein. Strategies for addressing the challenges of electroanalytical biosensing of viral components are also presented. The advantages, and disadvantages of biorecognition elements and nanozymes for the detection of viral disease are highlighted. Such technical insights will help researchers working in chemistry, and biochemistry as well as clinicians working in medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi R Panicker
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678 557, India
| | - Shekher Kummari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678 557, India
| | - M R Keerthanaa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678 557, India
| | | | - K Koteshwara Reddy
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - K Yugender Goud
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678 557, India.
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8
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Lee DS, Singh I, Veinot AJ, Aloisio MD, Lomax JT, Ragogna PJ, Crudden CM. Mesoionic carbene-based self-assembled monolayers on gold. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2480-2485. [PMID: 38362421 PMCID: PMC10866350 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04720b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) have been widely studied as ligands for surface chemistry, and have shown advantages compared to existing ligands (e.g. thiols). Herein, we introduce mesoionic carbenes (MICs) as a new type of surface ligand. MICs exhibit higher σ-donor ability compared to typical NHCs, yet they have received little attention in the area of surface chemistry. The synthesis of MICs derived from imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine was established and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The self-assembly of these MICs on gold was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Additionally, XPS was used to compare bonding ability in MICs compared to the typical NHCs. These results show that MIC overlayers on gold are robust, resistant to replacement by NHCs, and may be superior to NHCs for applications that require even greater levels of robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
| | - Alex J Veinot
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Western University London Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada
- Surface Science Western 999 Collip Cir London Ontario N6G 0J3 Canada
| | - Mark D Aloisio
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
| | - Justin T Lomax
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Western University London Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada
- Surface Science Western 999 Collip Cir London Ontario N6G 0J3 Canada
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Western University London Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
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9
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Gutheil C, Roß G, Amirjalayer S, Mo B, Schäfer AH, Doltsinis NL, Braunschweig B, Glorius F. Tailored Monolayers of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes by Kinetic Control. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3043-3052. [PMID: 38252154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the substantial success of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as stable and versatile surface modification ligands, their use in nanoscale applications beyond chemistry is still hampered by the failure to control the carbene binding mode, which complicates the fabrication of monolayers with the desired physicochemical properties. Here, we applied vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy to conduct a pseudokinetic surface analysis of NHC monolayers on Au thin films under ambient conditions. We observe for two frequently used carbene structures that their binding mode is highly dynamic and changes with the adsorption time. In addition, we demonstrate that this transition can be accelerated or decelerated to adjust the binding mode of NHCs, which allows fabrication of tailored monolayers of NHCs simply by kinetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gutheil
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gina Roß
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Boris Mo
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Björn Braunschweig
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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10
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Kim YJ, Min J. Advances in nanobiosensors during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives for the post-COVID era. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38206526 PMCID: PMC10784265 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The unprecedented threat of the highly contagious virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes exponentially increased infections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), highlights the weak spots of the current diagnostic toolbox. In the midst of catastrophe, nanobiosensors offer a new opportunity as an alternative tool to fill a gap among molecular tests, rapid antigen tests, and serological tests. Nanobiosensors surpass the potential of antigen tests because of their enhanced sensitivity, thus enabling us to see antigens as stable and easy-to-access targets. During the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial number of studies have reported nanobiosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The number of articles on nanobiosensors and SARS-CoV-2 exceeds the amount of nanobiosensor research on detecting previous infectious diseases, from influenza to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This unprecedented publishing pace also implies the significance of SARS-CoV-2 and the present pandemic. In this review, 158 studies reporting nanobiosensors for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigens are collected to discuss the current challenges of nanobiosensors using the criteria of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics along with COVID-specific issues. These advances and lessons during the pandemic pave the way for preparing for the post-COVID era and potential upcoming infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Dominique NL, Chandran A, Jensen IM, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. Unmasking the Electrochemical Stability of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Gold. Chemistry 2023:e202303681. [PMID: 38116819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) monolayers are transforming electrocatalysis and biosensor design via their increased performance and stability. Despite their increasing use in electrochemical systems, the integrity of the NHC monolayer during voltage perturbations remains largely unknown. Herein, we deploy surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to measure the stability of two model NHCs on gold in ambient conditions as a function of applied potential and under continuous voltammetric interrogation. Our results illustrate that NHC monolayers exhibit electrochemical stability over a wide voltage window (-1 V to 0.5 V vs Ag|AgCl), but they are found to degrade at strongly reducing (< -1 V) or oxidizing (>0.5 V) potentials. We also address NHC monolayer stability under continuous voltammetric interrogation between 0.2 V and -0.5 V, a commonly used voltage window for sensing, showing they are stable for up to 43 hours. However, we additionally find that modifications of the backbone NHC structure can lead to significantly shorter operational lifetimes. While these results highlight the potential of NHC architectures for electrode functionalization, they also reveal potential pitfalls that have not been fully appreciated in electrochemical applications of NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Dominique
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN-46556, United States
| | - Aruna Chandran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN-46556, United States
| | - Isabel M Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN-37996
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN-37996
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN-46556, United States
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12
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Pellitero M, Jensen IM, Dominique NL, Ekowo LC, Camden JP, Jenkins DM, Arroyo-Currás N. Stability of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers under Continuous Voltammetric Interrogation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:35701-35709. [PMID: 37449918 PMCID: PMC10377464 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are promising monolayer-forming ligands that can overcome limitations of thiol-based monolayers in terms of stability, surface functionality, and reactivity across a variety of transition-metal surfaces. Recent publications have reported the ability of NHCs to support biomolecular receptors on gold substrates for sensing applications and improved tolerance to prolonged biofluid exposure relative to thiols. However, important questions remain regarding the stability of these monolayers when subjected to voltage perturbations, which is needed for applications with electrochemical platforms. Here, we investigate the ability of two NHCs, 1,3-diisopropylbenzimidazole and 5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,3-diisopropylbenzimidazole, to form monolayers via self-assembly from methanolic solutions of their trifluoromethanesulfonate salts. We compare the electrochemical behavior of the resulting monolayers relative to that of benchmark mercaptohexanol monolayers in phosphate-buffered saline. Within the -0.15 to 0.25 V vs Ag|AgCl voltage window, NHC monolayers are stable on gold surfaces, wherein they electrochemically perform like thiol-based monolayers and undergo similar reorganization kinetics, displaying long-term stability under incubation in buffered media and under continuous voltammetric interrogation. At negative voltages, NHC monolayers cathodically desorb from the electrode surface at lower bias (-0.1 V) than thiol-based monolayers (-0.5 V). At voltages more positive than 0.25 V, NHC monolayers anodically desorb from electrode surfaces at similar voltages to thiol-based monolayers. These results highlight new limitations to NHC monolayer stability imposed by electrochemical interrogation of the underlying gold electrodes. Our results serve as a framework for future optimization of NHC monolayers on gold for electrochemical applications, as well as structure-functionality studies of NHCs on gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel
Aller Pellitero
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Isabel M. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Nathaniel L. Dominique
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Lilian Chinenye Ekowo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jon P. Camden
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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13
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Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Baradoke A, Rucinskiene A, Ramanaviciene A, Ratautaite V, Viter R, Chen CF, Plikusiene I, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Slibinskas R, Ciplys E, Simanavicius M, Zvirbliene A, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Ramanavicius A. Electrochemical Determination of Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Specific Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126768. [PMID: 35743208 PMCID: PMC9223850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The serologic diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the evaluation of vaccination effectiveness are identified by the presence of antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we present the electrochemical-based biosensing technique for the detection of antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (rSpike) were immobilised on the surface of a gold electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). This modified electrode was used as a sensitive element for the detection of polyclonal mouse antibodies against the rSpike (anti-rSpike). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to observe the formation of immunocomplexes while cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used for additional analysis of the surface modifications. It was revealed that the impedimetric method and the elaborate experimental conditions are appropriate for the further development of electrochemical biosensors for the serological diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or the confirmation of successful vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Alma Rucinskiene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center of Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
- Center for Collective Use of Research Equipment, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan;
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Martynas Simanavicius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +37-060-032-332
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14
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Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Baradoke A, Rucinskiene A, Ramanaviciene A, Ratautaite V, Viter R, Chen CF, Plikusiene I, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Slibinskas R, Ciplys E, Simanavicius M, Zvirbliene A, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Ramanavicius A. Electrochemical Determination of Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Specific Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022. [PMID: 35743208 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac5d91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The serologic diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the evaluation of vaccination effectiveness are identified by the presence of antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we present the electrochemical-based biosensing technique for the detection of antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (rSpike) were immobilised on the surface of a gold electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). This modified electrode was used as a sensitive element for the detection of polyclonal mouse antibodies against the rSpike (anti-rSpike). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to observe the formation of immunocomplexes while cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used for additional analysis of the surface modifications. It was revealed that the impedimetric method and the elaborate experimental conditions are appropriate for the further development of electrochemical biosensors for the serological diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or the confirmation of successful vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alma Rucinskiene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center of Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Center for Collective Use of Research Equipment, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Simanavicius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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Angove E, Grillo F, Früchtl HA, Veinot AJ, Singh I, Horton JH, Crudden CM, Baddeley CJ. Highly Ordered N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Cu(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2051-2056. [PMID: 35200016 PMCID: PMC9007529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The benzannulated N-heterocyclic carbene, 1,3-dibenzylbenzimidazolylidene (NHCDBZ) forms large, highly ordered domains when adsorbed on Cu(111) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. A combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveals that the overlayer consists of vertical benzannulated NHC moieties coordinating to Cu adatoms. Long-range order results from the placement of the two benzyl substituents on opposite sides of the benzimidazole moiety, with their aromatic rings approximately parallel to the surface. The organization of three surface-bound benzyl substituents from three different NHCs into a triangular array controls the formation of a highly ordered Kagome-like surface lattice. By comparison with earlier studies of NHCs on Cu(111), we show that the binding geometry and self-assembly of NHCDBZ are influenced by intermolecular and adsorbate-substrate interactions and facilitated by the flexibility of the methylene linkage between the N-heterocycle and the aromatic wingtip substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Angove
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16
9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Grillo
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16
9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert A. Früchtl
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16
9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alex J. Veinot
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - J. Hugh Horton
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Cathleen M. Crudden
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario Canada, K7L 3N6
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules, ITbM-WPI, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Chikusa 464-8601, Japan
| | - Christopher J. Baddeley
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16
9ST, United Kingdom
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16
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Kaur G, Thimes RL, Camden JP, Jenkins DM. Fundamentals and applications of N-heterocyclic carbene functionalized gold surfaces and nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13188-13197. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05183d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Improved stability and higher degree of synthetic tunability has allowed N-heterocyclic carbenes to supplant thiols as ligands for gold surface functionalization. This review article summarizes the basic science and applications of NHCs on gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkiran Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - Rebekah L. Thimes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Jon P. Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
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17
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Singh I, Lee DS, Huang S, Bhattacharjee H, Xu W, McLeod JF, Crudden CM, She Z. N-Heterocyclic carbenes meet toll-like receptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8421-8424. [PMID: 34373867 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03030b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Combining the stability of the N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and broad-spectrum recognition of toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins, we report new electrochemical biosensors for bacteria detection. Instead of traditional thiol-gold chemistry, newly synthesized NHCs are employed as the linker molecules to immobilize TLR bio-recognition elements on gold electrodes. Our proof-of-concept methodology includes testing the fidelity of TLR-based electrochemical sensors with NHC linkers. The performance of the biosensors is demonstrated using whole-cell bacterial cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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18
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Takemura K, Ganganboina AB, Khoris IM, Chowdhury AD, Park EY. Plasmon Nanocomposite-Enhanced Optical and Electrochemical Signals for Sensitive Virus Detection. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2605-2612. [PMID: 34076410 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The social impact of virus spread is immeasurable. Vaccine prophylaxes take considerable time to develop because clinical trials are required. The best initial response to an emerging virus is establishing a virus detection technology adapted by simply preparing virus-specific antibodies. A virus detection system that detects two signals from one analyte has been developed to detect the target virus more sensitively and reliably. Plasmon regions on the surface of nanoparticles are effective in enhancing optical and electrochemical signals. Thus, CdSeTeS quantum dots (QDs) have been used as optical and electrochemical signal-generating materials. In contrast, gold nanoparticle-magnetic nanoparticle-carbon nanotube (AuNP-MNP-CNT) nanocomposites are used for the magnetic separation of the virus from interferences and for signal enhancement. In the presence of the target virus, the QDs optically show a virus concentration-dependent fluorescence enhancement effect due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of AuNPs. Regarding the electrochemical signal, Cd ions eluted by acid degradation of the QDs in solution show a virus concentration-dependent increase in the current peak on an electrode whose electrochemical properties are improved by the deposition of these nanocomposites. Both nanomaterials are conjugated with antibodies specific to influenza virus A (IFV/A), binding this target in a sandwich structure. We are successfully detecting the virus from these two signals during actual virus detection, even when the virus particles are in a human serum matrix. The limit of detection is 2.16 fg/mL for optical detection and 13.66 fg/mL for electrochemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshin Takemura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Akhilesh Babu Ganganboina
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Indra Memdi Khoris
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ankan Dutta Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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19
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Dery S, Alshanski I, Mervinetsky E, Feferman D, Yitzchaik S, Hurevich M, Gross E. The influence of surface proximity on photoswitching activity of stilbene-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene monolayers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6233-6236. [PMID: 34095904 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of photo-responsive molecules is a robust technology for reversibly tuning the properties of functional materials. Herein, we probed the crucial role of surface-adsorbate interactions on the adsorption geometry of stilbene-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes (stilbene-NHCs) monolayers and its impact on surface potential. Stilbene-NHCs on Au film accumulated in a vertical orientation that enabled high photoisomerization efficiency and reversible changes in surface potential. Strong metal-adsorbate interactions led to flat-lying adsorption geometry of stilbene-NHCs on Pt film, which quenched the photo-isomerization influence on surface potential. It is identified that photo-induced response can be optimized by positioning the photo-active group in proximity to weakly-interacting surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Dery
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Israel Alshanski
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Evgeniy Mervinetsky
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Daniel Feferman
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Shlomo Yitzchaik
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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20
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Assay for TET1 activity and its inhibitors screening with signal amplification by both nanoparticles and Ru(III) redox recycling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114228. [PMID: 34182409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation protein 1 (TET1) is one member of TET proteins family which plays a key role in dynamic DNA methylation-demethylation process. Herein, a novel biosensor was constructed for TET1 detection and its inhibitors screening utilizing restriction digestion of endonuclease enzyme MspI. Half-methylated oligonucleotide (5mC DNA) was used as target and Ru(NH3)63+ as electrochemical signal probe. After the treatment by TET1 and T4 β-glucosyltransferase (T4 β-GT), target oligonucleotide would not be recognized and digested. If there was no TET1, the target would be digested and the response of biosensor decreased greatly. The current difference of biosensor with and without the incubation with TET1 was therefore dependent on the concentration of TET1. To increase sensitivity of the biosensor, nanostructured film at electrode surface and nanoparticles modified oligonucleotides were employed as signal amplification elements for Ru(NH3)63+ recycling. Finally, this biosensor showed high performance with a wide linear range of TET1 concentration from 3.5-21 ng/μL and a low detection limit of 0.33 ng/μL, which is superior to other existing methods. The inhibition effects of Bobcat339 on TET1 was successfully proved by our biosensor with an IC50 of 38 μM. Not only that, but the feasibility of the biosensor for inhibitors screening was evaluated and further confirmed by other compounds including two anticancer drugs and three active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.
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21
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Sherman LM, Strausser SL, Borsari RK, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. Imidazolinium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for Enhanced Stability on Gold Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5864-5871. [PMID: 33914540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as versatile and robust ligands for noble metal surface modifications due to their ability to form compact, self-assembled monolayers. Despite a growing body of research, previous NHC surface modification schemes have employed just two structural motifs: the benzimidazolium NHC and the imidazolium NHC. However, different NHC moieties, including saturated NHCs, are often more effective in homogenous catalysis chemistry than these aforementioned motifs and may impart numerous advantages to NHC surfaces, such as increased stability and access to chiral groups. This work explores the preparation and stability of NHC-coated gold surfaces using imidazolium and imidazolinium NHC ligands. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy demonstrate the attachment of NHC ligands to the gold surface and show enhanced stability of imidazolinium compared to the traditional imidazolium under harsh acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy M Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, South Bend 46556, Indiana, United States
| | - Shelby L Strausser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rowan K Borsari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, Tennessee, United States
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, South Bend 46556, Indiana, United States
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22
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Schotten C, Bourne RA, Kapur N, Nguyen BN, Willans CE. Electrochemical Generation of
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‐Heterocyclic Carbenes for Use in Synthesis and Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard A. Bourne
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Nikil Kapur
- School of Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Bao N. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
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23
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Drobysh M, Ramanaviciene A, Viter R, Ramanavicius A. Affinity Sensors for the Diagnosis of COVID-19. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:390. [PMID: 33918184 PMCID: PMC8065593 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was proclaimed a global pandemic in March 2020. Reducing the dissemination rate, in particular by tracking the infected people and their contacts, is the main instrument against infection spreading. Therefore, the creation and implementation of fast, reliable and responsive methods suitable for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are required. These needs can be fulfilled using affinity sensors, which differ in applied detection methods and markers that are generating analytical signals. Recently, nucleic acid hybridization, antigen-antibody interaction, and change of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level are mostly used for the generation of analytical signals, which can be accurately measured by electrochemical, optical, surface plasmon resonance, field-effect transistors, and some other methods and transducers. Electrochemical biosensors are the most consistent with the general trend towards, acceleration, and simplification of the bioanalytical process. These biosensors mostly are based on the determination of antigen-antibody interaction and are robust, sensitive, accurate, and sometimes enable label-free detection of an analyte. Along with the specification of biosensors, we also provide a brief overview of generally used testing techniques, and the description of the structure, life cycle and immune host response to SARS-CoV-2, and some deeper details of analytical signal detection principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- NanoTechnas–Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas–Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Roman Viter
- Center for Collective Use of Scientific Equipment, Sumy State University, 31, Sanatornaya st., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- NanoTechnas–Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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24
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Schulze H, Wilson H, Cara I, Carter S, Dyson EN, Elangovan R, Rimmer S, Bachmann TT. Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Vancomycin-Modified Highly Branched Polymers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1872. [PMID: 33800145 PMCID: PMC7962439 DOI: 10.3390/s21051872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid point of care tests for bacterial infection diagnosis are of great importance to reduce the misuse of antibiotics and burden of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we have successfully combined a new class of non-biological binder molecules with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based sensor detection for direct, label-free detection of Gram-positive bacteria making use of the specific coil-to-globule conformation change of the vancomycin-modified highly branched polymers immobilized on the surface of gold screen-printed electrodes upon binding to Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus carnosus was detected after just 20 min incubation of the sample solution with the polymer-functionalized electrodes. The polymer conformation change was quantified with two simple 1 min EIS tests before and after incubation with the sample. Tests revealed a concentration dependent signal change within an OD600 range of Staphylococcus carnosus from 0.002 to 0.1 and a clear discrimination between Gram-positive Staphylococcus carnosus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. This exhibits a clear advancement in terms of simplified test complexity compared to existing bacteria detection tests. In addition, the polymer-functionalized electrodes showed good storage and operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schulze
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (H.S.); (H.W.); (I.C.)
| | - Harry Wilson
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (H.S.); (H.W.); (I.C.)
| | - Ines Cara
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (H.S.); (H.W.); (I.C.)
| | - Steven Carter
- Polymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; (S.C.); (E.N.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Edward N. Dyson
- Polymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; (S.C.); (E.N.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Ravikrishnan Elangovan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Stephen Rimmer
- Polymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; (S.C.); (E.N.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Till T. Bachmann
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (H.S.); (H.W.); (I.C.)
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