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Bezinge L, Shih CJ, Richards DA, deMello AJ. Electrochemical Paper-Based Microfluidics: Harnessing Capillary Flow for Advanced Diagnostics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401148. [PMID: 38801400 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical paper-based microfluidics has attracted much attention due to the promise of transforming point-of-care diagnostics by facilitating quantitative analysis with low-cost and portable analyzers. Such devices harness capillary flow to transport samples and reagents, enabling bioassays to be executed passively. Despite exciting demonstrations of capillary-driven electrochemical tests, conventional methods for fabricating electrodes on paper impede capillary flow, limit fluidic pathways, and constrain accessible device architectures. This account reviews recent developments in paper-based electroanalytical devices and offers perspective by revisiting key milestones in lateral flow tests and paper-based microfluidics engineering. The study highlights the benefits associated with electrochemical sensing and discusses how the detection modality can be leveraged to unlock novel functionalities. Particular focus is given to electrofluidic platforms that embed electrodes into paper for enhanced biosensing applications. Together, these innovations pave the way for diagnostic technologies that offer portability, quantitative analysis, and seamless integration with digital healthcare, all without compromising the simplicity of commercially available rapid diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonard Bezinge
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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Wang L, Chang M, Ma P, Chen H, Ma S, Chen N, Zhang X. Self-assembly of Au nanocubes for ultrasensitive detection of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers by SERS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6385-6393. [PMID: 37968999 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Since presently Alzheimer's disease (AD) is incurable, early diagnosis of AD is crucial. Aβ 1-42 and tau-441 proteins are promising core biomarkers for early diagnosis and early therapeutic intervention in AD. Here we constructed a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) biosensor for highly sensitive quantitative detection of Aβ 1-42 and tau proteins by preparing gold nanocube (AuNC) superlattices through evaporation self-assembly. The results showed that the method has a wide response range (0.1-10 000 ng mL-1 and 0.01-1000 ng mL-1, respectively) and high sensitivity. The detection limits of Aβ1-42 and tau protein were 0.0416 ng mL-1 and 0.0087 ng mL-1, respectively. In addition, the method was able to rapidly and simultaneously detect the two biomarkers in serum, which showed the feasibility of the method in complex biological environments. The detection of Aβ 1-42 and tau protein has great potential for the accurate prediction and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Min Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Pei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shaojun Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Electrical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xuedian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Zhao Q, Gao Z, Liu X, Song X, Wu D, Ma H, Ren X, Li Y, Wei Q. Dual-Signal Integrated Aptasensor for Microcystin-LR Detection via In Situ Generation of Silver Nanoclusters Induced by Circular DNA Strand Displacement Reactions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14317-14323. [PMID: 37695886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the signal accumulation of circular DNA strand displacement reactions (CD-SDRs) and the in situ generation of silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) from signature template sequences, a dual-signal integrated aptasensor was designed for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) detection. The aptamer was programmed to be included in an enzyme-free CD-SDR, which utilized MC-LR as the primer and outputted the H1/H2 dsDNA in a continuous manner according to the ideal state. Ingeniously, H1/H2 dsDNA was enriched with signature template sequences, allowing in situ generation of AgNCs signal probes. To enhance the signal amplification performance, co-reaction acceleration strategies and CRISPR-Cas12a nucleases were invoked. The H1/H2 dsDNA could trigger the incidental cleavage performance of CRISPR-Cas12a nucleases: cis-cleavage reduced signature template sequences for the synthetic AgNCs, while trans-cleavage enabled fluorescence (FL) analysis. Meanwhile, AuPtAg was selected as the substrate material to facilitate the S2O82- reduction reaction for enhancing the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) basal signals. ECL and FL detection do not interfere with each other and have improved accuracy and sensitivity, with limits of detection of 0.011 and 0.023 pmol/L, respectively. This widens the path for designing dual-mode sensing strategies for signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhen Song
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yueyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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Walgama C, Raj N. Silver nanoparticles in electrochemical immunosensing and the emergence of silver-gold galvanic exchange detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11161-11173. [PMID: 37603415 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02561f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based electrochemical immunosensors demonstrate high sensitivity toward biomarker detection due to the large surface area of the nanoparticles and their ability to amplify the signal of the target molecule. Additionally, they have a fast response time, relatively lower cost, and can be easily miniaturized for point-of-care applications. Among noble metals, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used in electrochemical sensors due to their unique properties, such as catalytic activity and excellent electrical conductivity. This Feature Article describes six approaches for incorporating AgNPs in electrochemical platforms, featuring the most recent developments in the silver-gold galvanic exchange-based detection strategy. With a few exceptions, many of these detection methods use AgNP oxidation into Ag+ ions, followed by electrodeposition of Ag+ ions onto the working electrode as zero-valent Ag metal and a final stripping step using a voltammetric technique. Combining these steps provides desirable low detection limits and good sensitivity for various biomarkers. A few other methods involved the reduction of Ag+ ions and depositing them as Ag metal onto the electrode using a reagent mixture so that the striping analysis could be performed. Typically, this reagent mixture includes Ag+ ions, a reducing agent, or an enzyme substrate. Besides, AgNPs have also been directly used to modify the surface of electrodes to facilitate kinetically favored redox-mediated electrochemical reactions. In addition to Ag detection methods, this report will also provide recent examples to illustrate how the size and shape of AgNPs impact the detection limits and sensitivity of an electrochemical assay. Finally, we discuss recent developments in lab-on-a-chip type immunosensors designed explicitly for Ag-based metalloimmunoassay detection, and we envision that this article will provide a comprehensive summary of the operational principles and new insights into such immunoassay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuksha Walgama
- Department of Physical & Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | - Nikhil Raj
- Amgen Inc, 1 Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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Hou F, Sun S, Abdullah SW, Tang Y, Li X, Guo H. The application of nanoparticles in point-of-care testing (POCT) immunoassays. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:2154-2180. [PMID: 37114768 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has led to greater recognition of the importance of the fast and timely detection of pathogens. Recent advances in point-of-care testing (POCT) technology have shown promising results for rapid diagnosis. Immunoassays are among the most extensive POCT assays, in which specific labels are used to indicate and amplify the immune signal. Nanoparticles (NPs) are above the rest because of their versatile properties. Much work has been devoted to NPs to find more efficient immunoassays. Herein, we comprehensively describe NP-based immunoassays with a focus on particle species and their specific applications. This review describes immunoassays along with key concepts surrounding their preparation and bioconjugation to show their defining role in immunosensors. The specific mechanisms, microfluidic immunoassays, electrochemical immunoassays (ELCAs), immunochromatographic assays (ICAs), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and microarrays are covered herein. For each mechanism, a working explanation of the appropriate background theory and formalism is articulated before examining the biosensing and related point-of-care (POC) utility. Given their maturity, some specific applications using different nanomaterials are discussed in more detail. Finally, we outline future challenges and perspectives to give a brief guideline for the development of appropriate platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, P. R. China.
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd (LIBP), Subsidiary Company of China National Biotec Group Company Limited (CNBG), 730046 Lanzhou, China.
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, P. R. China.
| | - Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiongxiong Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd (LIBP), Subsidiary Company of China National Biotec Group Company Limited (CNBG), 730046 Lanzhou, China.
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Zhao Y, Lu C, Zhao XE, Kong W, Zhu S, Qu F. A T-rich nucleic acid-enhanced electrochemical platform based on electroactive silver nanoclusters for miRNA detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 208:114215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Peng Y, Raj N, Strasser JW, Crooks RM. Paper Biosensor for the Detection of NT-proBNP Using Silver Nanodisks as Electrochemical Labels. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2254. [PMID: 35808093 PMCID: PMC9268099 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of silver nanodisks (AgNDs), having a diameter of 50 ± 8 nm and a thickness of 8 ± 2 nm, as electrochemical labels for the detection of a model metalloimmunoassay for the heart failure biomarker NT-proBNP. The detection method is based on an electrochemically activated galvanic exchange (GE) followed by the detection of Ag using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The AgNDs labels are superior to Ag nanocubes and Ag nanospheres in terms of the dynamic range for both the model and NT-proBNP metalloimmunoassays. The linear dynamic range for the model composite is 1.5 to 30.0 pM AgNDs. When AgND labels are used for the NT-proBNP assay, the dynamic range is 0.03-4.0 nM NT-proBNP. The latter range fully overlaps the risk stratification range for heart failure from 53 pM to 590 pM. The performance improvement of the AgNDs is a result of the specific GE mechanism for nanodisks. Specifically, GE is complete across the face of the AgNDs, leaving behind an incompletely exchanged ring structure composed of both Ag and Au.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA; (Y.P.); (N.R.); (J.W.S.)
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Wang Z, Tu J, Dong P, Bai Y, Han J, Xie G. BSA-Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers as a high-performance redox indicator for robust label-free electrochemical immunoassay. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1210:339873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Raj N, Crooks RM. Detection Efficiency of Ag Nanoparticle Labels for a Heart Failure Marker Using Linear and Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:203. [PMID: 35448263 PMCID: PMC9029172 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we compare linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LASV) and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) for detection of a nano metalloimmunoassay. Two separate immunoassays were examined: a model assay, based on interactions between antibodies, and a sandwich assay for the heart failure marker NT-proBNP. In both cases, one antibody is linked to a magnetic microbead, and one is linked to a spherical Ag nanoparticle label. Electrochemical detection is carried out on a paper device. The three analytical figures of merit studied were the precision of the measurements, the calibration sensitivity, and the limit of detection (LOD). For the NT-proBNP assay, the results show that after optimization of the pulse amplitude and frequency of the potential input for SWASV, the detection efficiency is substantially higher compared to LASV. Specifically, the calibration sensitivity increased by up to ~40 fold, the average coefficient of variation decreased by ~40%, and the (LOD) decreased to 300.0 pM. Finally, for a model immunoassay, a ~10-fold decrease in the LOD was observed for SWASV compared to LASV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA;
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Ding R, Li Z, Xiong Y, Wu W, Yang Q, Hou X. Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for the Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides Based on Nanomaterial-Modified Electrodes: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1766-1791. [PMID: 35235478 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2041391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides were easily remained in fruits and vegetables which would be harm to the environmental safety and human health. In recent years, due to the simple preparation process, fast response and high sensitivity, the electrochemical (bio)sensors have received increasing attention, which were extensively used as the sensing platform for the detection of OPPs. The mechanisms for the determination of OPPs mainly included redox of nitrophenyl OPPs, enzyme hydrolysis and inhibition, immunosensor, aptasensor. Nowadays, the mainly explored electrode material has focused on metal-organic frameworks, metal and metal derivatives, carbon materials (carbon nanotube, graphene, g-C3N4), MXene, etc. These nanomaterials played important roles in the electrochemical (bio)sensors, which included: (a) as an electrocatalyst to promote the redox reaction, (b) as a carrier to load the enzyme or aptamer, (c) as a recognizer to identify the targets. The nanomaterials-based electrochemical (bio)sensor was a rapid, cost-effective methods to detect OPPs with high sensitivity. Besides, this review compared the analytical performance of different nanomaterials-based electrochemical (bio)sensors, and also identified the key challenges in the future. It would provide new ideas and insights to the further development and application of electrochemical (bio)sensors and the detection of pesticides in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingli Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiudan Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Pollok NE, Peng Y, Raj N, Walgama C, Crooks RM. Dual-Shaped Silver Nanoparticle Labels for Electrochemical Detection of Bioassays. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:10764-10770. [PMID: 38404358 PMCID: PMC10888530 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate the use of dual-shaped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as detection labels for electrochemical bioassays. The key finding is that by using AgNP labels having two different shapes simultaneously, the limit of detection (LOD) for the assays is lowered compared to using either of the two shapes separately. The two shapes were silver nanocubes (AgNCs) having edge lengths of 40 ± 4 nm and spherical AgNPs (sAgNPs) having diameters of 20 ± 3 nm. Two different bioassays were examined. In both cases the Ag labels were functionalized with antibodies. In the one assay, the labels are directly linked to a second antibody immobilized on magnetic beads. In the second assay, the antibodies on the AgNP labels and the antibodies on the magnetic beads are linked via a peptide. The peptide is N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), which is a heart failure marker. The efficacy of the two electrochemical assays as a function of the ratio of the two labels was investigated using a galvanic exchange/anodic stripping voltammetry method. The key finding is that by optimizing the ratio of the two types of AgNP labels, it is possible to decrease the LOD of the assays without compromising the dynamic range compared to using either of the two labels independently. This made it possible to achieve the clinically relevant range for NT-proBNP analysis used by physicians for heart failure risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Pollok
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Nikhil Raj
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Charuksha Walgama
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
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12
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Xing Y, Liao X, Liu X, Li W, Huang R, Tang J, Xu Q, Li X, Yu J. Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized with the Peel Extract of Mango. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5878. [PMID: 34640275 PMCID: PMC8510210 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from biological waste, as well as their excellent antibacterial properties, is currently attracting significant research attention. This study synthesized AgNPs from different mango peel extract concentrations while investigating their characteristics and antibacterial properties. The results showed that the AgNPs were irregular with rod-like, spherical shapes and were detected in a range of 25 nm to 75 nm. The AgNPs displayed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), showing a more significant impact when synthesized with 0.20 g/mL of mango peel extract. Therefore, the antibacterial effect of different diluted AgNP concentrations on the growth kinetic curves of E. coli and S. aureus after synthesis with 0.20 g/mL mango peel extract was analyzed. The results indicated that the AgNP antibacterial activity was higher against S. aureus than against E. coli, while the AgNP IC50 in these two strains was approximately 1.557 mg/mL and 2.335 mg/L, respectively. This research provides new insights regarding the use of postharvest mango byproducts and the potential for developing additional AgNP composite antibacterial materials for fruit and vegetable preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Xing
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Y.X.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (R.H.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Technology, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Xingmei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Y.X.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (R.H.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Technology, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Y.X.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (R.H.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Technology, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Wenxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Y.X.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (R.H.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (X.L.)
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Neijiang Vocational and Technical College, Neijiang 641000, China
| | - Ruihan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Y.X.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (R.H.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Technology, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Y.X.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (R.H.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Technology, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Qinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Y.X.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (R.H.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Technology, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Xuanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Y.X.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (R.H.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Technology, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Jinze Yu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory of Storage of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, Tianjin 300384, China;
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