1
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Jiang F, Jin N, Wang L, Wang S, Li Y, Lin J. A multimetallic nanozyme enhanced colorimetric biosensor for Salmonella detection on finger-actuated microfluidic chip. Food Chem 2024; 460:140488. [PMID: 39043075 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella screening is essential to avoid food poisoning. A simple, fast and sensitive colorimetric biosensor was elaborately developed for Salmonella detection on a microfluidic chip through limiting air chambers for precise air control, switching rotary valves for accurate fluid selection, a convergence-and-divergence passive micromixer and an extrusion-and-suction active micromixer for efficient fluid mixing, and immune gold@platinum palladium nanocatalysts for effective signal amplification. The mixture of bacteria, immune magnetic nanobeads and nanocatalysts was first rapidly mixed to form nanobead-bacteria-nanocatalyst conjugates and magnetically separated for enrichment. After washing with water, the conjugates were used to catalyze colorless substrate and blue product was finally analyzed using ImageJ for quantifying bacterial concentration. The finger-actuated microfluidic chip enabled designated control of designated fluids in designated places towards designated directions by simple press-release operations on designated air chambers without any external power. Under optimal conditions, this sensor could detect Salmonella at 45 CFU/mL in 25 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nana Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Li X, Wang M, Davis TP, Zhang L, Qiao R. Advancing Tissue Culture with Light-Driven 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:301. [PMID: 38920605 PMCID: PMC11201418 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing presents a compelling alternative for fabricating microfluidic devices, circumventing certain limitations associated with traditional soft lithography methods. Microfluidics play a crucial role in the biomedical sciences, particularly in the creation of tissue spheroids and pharmaceutical research. Among the various 3D printing techniques, light-driven methods such as stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and photopolymer inkjet printing have gained prominence in microfluidics due to their rapid prototyping capabilities, high-resolution printing, and low processing temperatures. This review offers a comprehensive overview of light-driven 3D printing techniques used in the fabrication of advanced microfluidic devices. It explores biomedical applications for 3D-printed microfluidics and provides insights into their potential impact and functionality within the biomedical field. We further summarize three light-driven 3D printing strategies for producing biomedical microfluidic systems: direct construction of microfluidic devices for cell culture, PDMS-based microfluidic devices for tissue engineering, and a modular SLA-printed microfluidic chip to co-culture and monitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liwen Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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3
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Promsuwan K, Kareng Y, Saichanapan J, Soleh A, Saisahas K, Samoson K, Wangchuk S, Limbut W. A novel 3D-printed portable electroplating device enhances latent fingerprints on metal substrates. Talanta 2024; 272:125822. [PMID: 38422904 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This work introduces a 3D-printed portable electroplating device for the visualization of latent fingerprints (LFPs) on metallic substrates. An electroplating solution of Ag+-Cu2+ in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) is used. The electroplating is performed by two electrodes equivalent to an anode (+) and a cathode (-). The cathode is connected to the metal surface with the magnetic or alligator clip for carrying the LFP. The anode is connected to cotton dipped in the electroplating solution. The device was optimized in terms of the electroplating solution composition, and electroplating potential, current, and time. The device produced images with good resolution, revealing LFP ridges in minute detail of more than 12 points. The device also exhibited good repeatability and images were assessed against guidelines from the Centre for Applied Science and Technology (CAST) and the International Fingerprint Research Group (IFRG). The developed device could be applied to visualize LFPs in forensic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiattisak Promsuwan
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Yameelah Kareng
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Jenjira Saichanapan
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Asamee Soleh
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Kasrin Saisahas
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Kritsada Samoson
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Sangay Wangchuk
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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4
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Li J, Yu C, Yuan H, Guo T, Wang L, Fu Z. Phages modified hydrogel pellet assembled in 3D printed both-in-one device for detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on colorimetric and pressure readout modes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115931. [PMID: 38183730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) with noticeable drug-resistance profile is one of the most pernicious pathogens that attracts major public health concerns. Herein, a 3D printed device combined with hydrogel pellet modified with phages was designed for point-of-care testing (POCT) of this pathogen with both colorimetric and pressure readout modes. A P. aeruginosa phage belonging to the family of Podoviridae was isolated from river water and noted as vB_PaeP-JZ1 (JZ1). Due to its host specificity, phage JZ1 was used as a recognizing agent for modifying the hydrogel pellet, and the modified hydrogel pellet was assembled into the 3D printed device to act as the sensing interface. Polymyxin B (PMB) was tagged with Pd@Pt core-shell nanodendrites (Pd@PtNDs) showing excellent peroxidase-like activity to act as the colorimetric and pressure signal tracer. P. aeruginosa can be quantified within the concentration ranges of 2.6 × 103 cfu mL-1 - 2.6 × 108 cfu mL-1 and 2.6 × 102 cfu mL-1 - 2.6 × 107 cfu mL-1 with colorimetric and pressure readout modes, respectively. The both modes can achieve quantitation of P. aeruginosa within 25 min. Thus the "both-in-one" 3D printed device with dual-mode readout function offers a rapid, sensitive, and specific platform for POCT of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chong Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongwei Yuan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ting Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lin Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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5
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Paul AA, Aladese AD, Marks RS. Additive Manufacturing Applications in Biosensors Technologies. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:60. [PMID: 38391979 PMCID: PMC10887193 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has emerged as an attractive state-of-the-art tool for precisely fabricating functional materials with complex geometries, championing several advancements in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and therapeutics. However, this technology has an untapped potential for biotechnological applications, such as sensor and biosensor development. By exploring these avenues, the scope of 3D printing technology can be expanded and pave the way for groundbreaking innovations in the biotechnology field. Indeed, new printing materials and printers would offer new possibilities for seamlessly incorporating biological functionalities within the growing 3D scaffolds. Herein, we review the additive manufacturing applications in biosensor technologies with a particular emphasis on extrusion-based 3D printing modalities. We highlight the application of natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials as 3D-printed soft hydrogels. Emphasis is placed on the approach by which the sensing molecules are introduced during the fabrication process. Finally, future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Abbey Paul
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Adedamola D. Aladese
- Department of Physics and Material Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Robert S. Marks
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel;
- Ilse Katz Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
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6
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Lee S, Bi L, Chen H, Lin D, Mei R, Wu Y, Chen L, Joo SW, Choo J. Recent advances in point-of-care testing of COVID-19. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8500-8530. [PMID: 37999922 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microfluidic device miniaturization and system integration contribute to the development of portable, handheld, and smartphone-compatible devices. These advancements in diagnostics have the potential to revolutionize the approach to detect and respond to future pandemics. Accordingly, herein, recent advances in point-of-care testing (POCT) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using various microdevices, including lateral flow assay strips, vertical flow assay strips, microfluidic channels, and paper-based microfluidic devices, are reviewed. However, visual determination of the diagnostic results using only microdevices leads to many false-negative results due to the limited detection sensitivities of these devices. Several POCT systems comprising microdevices integrated with portable optical readers have been developed to address this issue. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, effective POCT strategies for COVID-19 based on optical detection methods have been established. They can be categorized into fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and wearable sensing. We introduced next-generation pandemic sensing methods incorporating artificial intelligence that can be used to meet global health needs in the future. Additionally, we have discussed appropriate responses of various testing devices to emerging infectious diseases and prospective preventive measures for the post-pandemic era. We believe that this review will be helpful for preparing for future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Liyan Bi
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Dong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Bianzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Rongchao Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bianzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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7
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Yedire SG, Hosseini II, Shieh H, Khorrami Jahromi A, AbdelFatah T, Jalali M, Mahshid S. Additive manufacturing leveraged microfluidic setup for sample to answer colorimetric detection of pathogens. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4134-4145. [PMID: 37656450 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric readout for the detection of infectious diseases is gaining traction at the point of care/need owing to its ease of analysis and interpretation, and integration potential with highly specific loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays. However, coupling colorimetric readout with LAMP is rife with challenges including, rapidity, inter-user variability, colorimetric signal quantification, and user involvement in sequential steps of the LAMP assay, hindering its application. To address these challenges, for the first time, we propose a remotely smartphone-operated automated setup consisting of (i) an additively manufactured microfluidic cartridge, (ii) a portable reflected-light imaging setup with controlled epi-illumination (PRICE) module, and (iii) a control and data analysis module. The microfluidic cartridge facilitates sample collection, lysis, mixing of amplification reagents stored on-chip, and subsequent isothermal heating for initiation of amplification in a novel way by employing tunable elastomeric chambers and auxiliary components (heaters and linear actuators). PRICE offers a new imaging setup that captures the colorimetric change of the amplification media over a plasmonic nanostructured substrate in a controlled and noise-free environment for rapid minute-scale nucleic acid detection. The control and data analysis module employs microprocessors to automate cartridge operation in tandem with the imaging module. The different device components were characterized individually and finally, as a proof of concept, SARS-CoV-2 wild-type RNA was detected with a turnaround time of 13 minutes, showing the device's clinical feasibility. The suggested automated device can be adopted in future iterations for other detection and molecular assays that require sequential fluid handling steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamed Shieh
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | | | - Tamer AbdelFatah
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada
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8
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Janegitz BC, Crapnell RD, Roberto de Oliveira P, Kalinke C, Whittingham MJ, Garcia-Miranda Ferrari A, Banks CE. Novel Additive Manufactured Multielectrode Electrochemical Cell with Honeycomb Inspired Design for the Detection of Methyl Parathion in Honey Samples. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:217-225. [PMID: 37360039 PMCID: PMC10288609 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The development and increase in the number of crops recently have led to the requirement for greater efficiency in world food production and greater consumption of pesticides. In this context, the widespread use of pesticides has affected the decrease in the population of pollinating insects and has caused food contamination. Therefore, simple, low-cost, and quick analytical methods can be interesting alternatives for checking the quality of foods such as honey. In this work, we propose a new additively manufactured (3D-printed) device inspired by a honeycomb cell, with 6 working electrodes for the direct electrochemical analysis of methyl parathion by reduction process monitoring in food and environmental samples. Under optimized parameters, the proposed sensor presented a linear range between 0.85 and 19.6 μmol L-1, with a limit of detection of 0.20 μmol L-1. The sensors were successfully applied in honey and tap water samples by using the standard addition method. The proposed honeycomb cell made of polylactic acid and commercial conductive filament is easy to construct, and there is no need for chemical treatments to be used. These devices based on 6 working electrodes array are versatile platforms for rapid, highly repeatable analysis in food and environment, capable of performing detection in low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C. Janegitz
- Department
of Nature Sciences, Mathematics, and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970 Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert D. Crapnell
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo Roberto de Oliveira
- Department
of Nature Sciences, Mathematics, and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970 Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Kalinke
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matthew J. Whittingham
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom
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9
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Montalbo RCK, Tu HL. Micropatterning of functional lipid bilayer assays for quantitative bioanalysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:031302. [PMID: 37179590 PMCID: PMC10171888 DOI: 10.1063/5.0145997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of the cell with its environment are mediated by the cell membrane and membrane-localized molecules. Supported lipid bilayers have enabled the recapitulation of the basic properties of cell membranes and have been broadly used to further our understanding of cellular behavior. Coupled with micropatterning techniques, lipid bilayer platforms have allowed for high throughput assays capable of performing quantitative analysis at a high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, an overview of the current methods of the lipid membrane patterning is presented. The fabrication and pattern characteristics are briefly described to present an idea of the quality and notable features of the methods, their utilizations for quantitative bioanalysis, as well as to highlight possible directions for the advanced micropatterning lipid membrane assays.
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10
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Liu C, Gou S, Hu S, Guo W. A portable colorimetric point-of-care testing platform for MicroRNA detection based on programmable entropy-driven dynamic DNA network modulated DNA-gold nanoparticle hybrid hydrogel film. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115073. [PMID: 36701948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms for microRNA (miRNA) detection have attracted considerable attention in recent years, due to the increasingly important role of miRNA as biomarkers for the diagnosis of many diseases, such as cancers. However, several limitations such as the requirement of enzyme-related amplification system, expensive preservation cost, sophisticated analysis instruments and tedious operations of conventional miRNA biosensing devices severely hinder their widespread applications. In this work, a portable and smart colorimetric analysis platform was developed by employing the ultrathin DNA-gold nanoparticle (AuNP) hybrid hydrogel film as the signaling unit and the enzyme-free entropy-driven dynamic DNA network (EDN) as the signal converter and amplification unit. By programming the DNA sequences of the EDN, the EDN could respond to a specific miRNA, with miRNA-155 or miRNA-21 as the model target, and release a converter DNA with amplified concentration to further trigger the release of AuNPs from the hydrogel film as a colorimetric signal output. To avoid the use of sophisticated spectral instruments, digital analysis based on primary three-color channel (R/G/B) was further introduced by using user-friendly camera and image processing software, and a detection limit at pM level was achieved. Moreover, by introducing H2O2-mediated AuNPs enlargement procedure in the colorimetric analysis platform, the detection limit for miRNA target could further be enhanced to fM level. The POCT platform is also portable and storable with a good storage stability for at least 45 days, suggesting its great potential in practical diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Siyu Gou
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Shanjin Hu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China; Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
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11
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Amini A, Guijt RM, Themelis T, De Vos J, Eeltink S. Recent developments in digital light processing 3D-printing techniques for microfluidic analytical devices. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463842. [PMID: 36745962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing is rapidly advancing and has emerged as a powerful additive manufacturing approach to fabricate analytical microdevices. DLP 3D-printing utilizes a digital micromirror device to direct the projected light and photopolymerize a liquid resin, in a layer-by-layer approach. Advances in vat and lift design, projector technology, and resin composition, allow accurate fabrication of microchannel structures as small as 18 × 20 µm. This review describes the latest advances in DLP 3D-printing technology with respect to instrument set-up and resin formulation and highlights key efforts to fabricate microdevices targeting emerging (bio-)analytical chemistry applications, including colorimetric assays, extraction, and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Thomas Themelis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels B-1050, Belgium.
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12
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Su R, Wang F, McAlpine MC. 3D printed microfluidics: advances in strategies, integration, and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1279-1299. [PMID: 36779387 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to construct multiplexed micro-systems for fluid regulation could substantially impact multiple fields, including chemistry, biology, biomedicine, tissue engineering, and soft robotics, among others. 3D printing is gaining traction as a compelling approach to fabricating microfluidic devices by providing unique capabilities, such as 1) rapid design iteration and prototyping, 2) the potential for automated manufacturing and alignment, 3) the incorporation of numerous classes of materials within a single platform, and 4) the integration of 3D microstructures with prefabricated devices, sensing arrays, and nonplanar substrates. However, to widely deploy 3D printed microfluidics at research and commercial scales, critical issues related to printing factors, device integration strategies, and incorporation of multiple functionalities require further development and optimization. In this review, we summarize important figures of merit of 3D printed microfluidics and inspect recent progress in the field, including ink properties, structural resolutions, and hierarchical levels of integration with functional platforms. Particularly, we highlight advances in microfluidic devices printed with thermosetting elastomers, printing methodologies with enhanced degrees of automation and resolution, and the direct printing of microfluidics on various 3D surfaces. The substantial progress in the performance and multifunctionality of 3D printed microfluidics suggests a rapidly approaching era in which these versatile devices could be untethered from microfabrication facilities and created on demand by users in arbitrary settings with minimal prior training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Su
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Michael C McAlpine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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13
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Haque ME, Conde AJ, MacPherson WN, Knight SR, Carter RM, Kersaudy-Kerhoas M. A microfluidic finger-actuated blood lysate preparation device enabled by rapid acoustofluidic mixing. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 23:62-71. [PMID: 36477089 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00968d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For many blood-based diagnostic tests, including prophylactic drug analysis and malaria assays, red blood cells must be lysed effectively prior to their use in an analytical workflow. We report on a finger-actuated blood lysate preparation device, which utilises a previously reported acoustofluidic micromixer module. The integrated device includes a range of innovations from a sample interface, to the integration of blisters on a laser engraved surface and a large volume (130 μL) one-stroke manual pump which could be useful in other low-cost microfluidic-based point-of-care devices. The adaptability of the acoustic mixer is demonstrated on highly viscous fluids, including whole blood, with up to 65% percent volume fraction of red blood cells. Used in conjunction with a lysis buffer, the micromixer unit is also shown to lyse a finger-prick (approximately 20 μL) blood sample in 30 seconds and benchmarked across ten donor samples. Finally, we demonstrate the ease of use of the fully integrated device. Cheap, modular, but reliable, finger-actuated microfluidic functions could open up opportunities for the development of diagnostics with minimal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ehtashamul Haque
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | - William N MacPherson
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Stephen R Knight
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Renal Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Richard M Carter
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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14
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Zhao L, Wang X. 3D printed microfluidics for cell biological applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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An Optofluidic Monitor with On-Chip Calibration for Online Analyzing Surface Water Quality. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Current Trends and Challenges in Point-of-care Urinalysis of Biomarkers in Trace Amounts. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Three-Dimensional Printing and Its Potential to Develop Sensors for Cancer with Improved Performance. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090685. [PMID: 36140070 PMCID: PMC9496342 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and early diagnosis is the best strategy to reduce mortality risk. Biosensors to detect cancer biomarkers are based on various principles of detection, including electrochemical, optical, electrical, and mechanical measurements. Despite the advances in the identification of biomarkers and the conventional 2D manufacturing processes, detection methods for cancers still require improvements in terms of selectivity and sensitivity, especially for point-of-care diagnosis. Three-dimensional printing may offer the features to produce complex geometries in the design of high-precision, low-cost sensors. Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, allows for the production of sensitive, user-friendly, and semi-automated sensors, whose composition, geometry, and functionality can be controlled. This paper reviews the recent use of 3D printing in biosensors for cancer diagnosis, highlighting the main advantages and advances achieved with this technology. Additionally, the challenges in 3D printing technology for the mass production of high-performance biosensors for cancer diagnosis are addressed.
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18
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Musgrove HB, Catterton MA, Pompano RR. Applied tutorial for the design and fabrication of biomicrofluidic devices by resin 3D printing. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339842. [PMID: 35569850 PMCID: PMC9454328 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Resin 3D printing, especially digital light processing (DLP) printing, is a promising rapid fabrication method for bio-microfluidic applications such as clinical tests, lab-on-a-chip devices, and sensor integrated devices. The benefits of 3D printing lead many to believe this fabrication method will accelerate the use of microfluidics, but there are a number of potential obstacles to overcome for bioanalytical labs to fully utilize this technology. For commercially available printing materials, this includes challenges in producing prints with the print resolution and mechanical stability required for a particular design, along with cytotoxic components within many photopolymerizing resins and low optical compatibility for imaging experiments. Potential solutions to these problems are scattered throughout the literature and rarely available in head-to-head comparisons. Therefore, we present here a concise guide to the principles of resin 3D printing most relevant for fabrication of bioanalytical microfluidic devices. Intended to quickly orient labs that are new to 3D printing, the tutorial includes the results of selected systematic tests to inform resin selection, strategies for design optimization, and improvement of biocompatibility of resin 3D printed bio-microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B Musgrove
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia. Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Megan A Catterton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia. Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia. Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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19
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3D-printed electrochemical platform with multi-purpose carbon black sensing electrodes. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:235. [PMID: 35633399 PMCID: PMC9142345 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The 3D printing is described of a complete and portable system comprising a batch injection analysis (BIA) cell and an electrochemical platform with eight sensing electrodes. Both BIA and electrochemical cells were printed within 3.4 h using a multimaterial printer equipped with insulating, flexible, and conductive filaments at cost of ca. ~ U$ 1.2 per unit, and their integration was based on a threadable assembling without commercial component requirements. Printed electrodes were exposed to electrochemical/Fenton pre-treatments to improve the sensitivity. Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements upon printed materials revealed high-fidelity 3D features (90 to 98%) and fast heterogeneous rate constants ((1.5 ± 0.1) × 10−3 cm s−1). Operational parameters of BIA cell were optimized using a redox probe composed of [Fe(CN)6]4−/3− under stirring and the best analytical performance was achieved using a dispensing rate of 9.0 µL s−1 and an injection volume of 2.0 µL. The proof of concept of the printed device for bioanalytical applications was evaluated using adrenaline (ADR) as target analyte and its redox activities were carefully evaluated through different voltammetric techniques upon multiple 3D-printed electrodes. The coupling of BIA system with amperometric detection ensured fast responses with well-defined peak width related to the oxidation of ADR applying a potential of 0.4 V vs Ag. The fully 3D-printed system provided suitable analytical performance in terms of repeatability and reproducibility (RSD ≤ 6%), linear concentration range (5 to 40 µmol L−1; R2 = 0.99), limit of detection (0.61 µmol L−1), and high analytical frequency (494 ± 13 h−1). Lastly, artificial urine samples were spiked with ADR solutions at three different concentration levels and the obtained recovery values ranged from 87 to 118%, thus demonstrating potentiality for biological fluid analysis. Based on the analytical performance, the complete device fully printed through additive manufacturing technology emerges as powerful, inexpensive, and portable tool for electroanalytical applications involving biologically relevant compounds.
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20
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Wang Q, Chan HN, Wu H. Replicating 3D printed structures into functional materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Ho Nam Chan
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong
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Zhang C, Qu M, Fu X, Lin J. Review on Microscale Sensors with 3D Engineered Structures: Fabrication and Applications. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101384. [PMID: 35088578 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intelligence of modern technologies relies on perceptual systems based on microscale sensors. However, because of the traditional top-down fabrication approaches performed on planar silicon wafers, a large proportion of existing microscale sensors have 2D structures, which severely restricts their sensing capabilities. To overcome these restrictions, over the past few decades, increasing efforts have been devoted to developing new fabrication methods for microscale sensors with 3D engineered structures, from bulk chemical etching and 3D printing to molding and stress-induced assembly. Herein, the authors systematically review these fabrication methods based on the applications of the resulting 3D sensors and discuss their advantages compared to their 2D counterparts. This is followed by a perspective on the remaining challenges and possible opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Menglong Qu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Xiuqing Fu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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22
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Ali MA, Hu C, Yttri EA, Panat R. Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Biomedical Sensing Devices. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32:2107671. [PMID: 36324737 PMCID: PMC9624470 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, also called 3D printing, is a rapidly evolving technique that allows for the fabrication of functional materials with complex architectures, controlled microstructures, and material combinations. This capability has influenced the field of biomedical sensing devices by enabling the trends of device miniaturization, customization, and elasticity (i.e., having mechanical properties that match with the biological tissue). In this paper, the current state-of-the-art knowledge of biomedical sensors with the unique and unusual properties enabled by 3D printing is reviewed. The review encompasses clinically important areas involving the quantification of biomarkers (neurotransmitters, metabolites, and proteins), soft and implantable sensors, microfluidic biosensors, and wearable haptic sensors. In addition, the rapid sensing of pathogens and pathogen biomarkers enabled by 3D printing, an area of significant interest considering the recent worldwide pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, is also discussed. It is also described how 3D printing enables critical sensor advantages including lower limit-of-detection, sensitivity, greater sensing range, and the ability for point-of-care diagnostics. Further, manufacturing itself benefits from 3D printing via rapid prototyping, improved resolution, and lower cost. This review provides researchers in academia and industry a comprehensive summary of the novel possibilities opened by the progress in 3D printing technology for a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Azahar Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
| | - Chunshan Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
| | - Eric A Yttri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rahul Panat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
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23
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Yang SM, Lv S, Zhang W, Cui Y. Microfluidic Point-of-Care (POC) Devices in Early Diagnosis: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1620. [PMID: 35214519 PMCID: PMC8875995 DOI: 10.3390/s22041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of infectious diseases is critical because it can greatly increase recovery rates and prevent the spread of diseases such as COVID-19; however, in many areas with insufficient medical facilities, the timely detection of diseases is challenging. Conventional medical testing methods require specialized laboratory equipment and well-trained operators, limiting the applicability of these tests. Microfluidic point-of-care (POC) equipment can rapidly detect diseases at low cost. This technology could be used to detect diseases in underdeveloped areas to reduce the effects of disease and improve quality of life in these areas. This review details microfluidic POC equipment and its applications. First, the concept of microfluidic POC devices is discussed. We then describe applications of microfluidic POC devices for infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, tumors (cancer), and chronic diseases, and discuss the future incorporation of microfluidic POC devices into applications such as wearable devices and telemedicine. Finally, the review concludes by analyzing the present state of the microfluidic field, and suggestions are made. This review is intended to call attention to the status of disease treatment in underdeveloped areas and to encourage the researchers of microfluidics to develop standards for these devices.
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Grants
- BRA2017216, BE2018627,2020THRC-GD-7, D18003, LM201603, KFKT2018001 the 333 project of Jiangsu Province in 2017, the Primary Research & Development Plan of Jiangsu Province, the Taihu Lake talent plan, the Complex and Intelligent Research Center, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Scien
- NSFC81971511 the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Mo Yang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.-M.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuangsong Lv
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.-M.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;
| | - Yubao Cui
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi 214023, China
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Wan J, Zhou S, Mea HJ, Guo Y, Ku H, Urbina BM. Emerging Roles of Microfluidics in Brain Research: From Cerebral Fluids Manipulation to Brain-on-a-Chip and Neuroelectronic Devices Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7142-7181. [PMID: 35080375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress made in the past few decades in brain research enables the manipulation of neuronal activity in single neurons and neural circuits and thus allows the decipherment of relations between nervous systems and behavior. The discovery of glymphatic and lymphatic systems in the brain and the recently unveiled tight relations between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) further revolutionize our understanding of brain structures and functions. Fundamental questions about how neurons conduct two-way communications with the gut to establish the gut-brain axis (GBA) and interact with essential brain components such as glial cells and blood vessels to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in health and disease, however, remain. Microfluidics with unparalleled advantages in the control of fluids at microscale has emerged recently as an effective approach to address these critical questions in brain research. The dynamics of cerebral fluids (i.e., blood and CSF) and novel in vitro brain-on-a-chip models and microfluidic-integrated multifunctional neuroelectronic devices, for example, have been investigated. This review starts with a critical discussion of the current understanding of several key topics in brain research such as neurovascular coupling (NVC), glymphatic pathway, and GBA and then interrogates a wide range of microfluidic-based approaches that have been developed or can be improved to advance our fundamental understanding of brain functions. Last, emerging technologies for structuring microfluidic devices and their implications and future directions in brain research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hing Jii Mea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaojun Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hansol Ku
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Brianna M Urbina
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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25
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Smartphone-Based Device for Colorimetric Detection of MicroRNA Biomarkers Using Nanoparticle-Based Assay. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21238044. [PMID: 34884049 PMCID: PMC8659705 DOI: 10.3390/s21238044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The detection of microRNAs (miRNAs) is emerging as a clinically important tool for the non-invasive detection of a wide variety of diseases ranging from cancers and cardiovascular illnesses to infectious diseases. Over the years, miRNA detection schemes have become accessible to clinicians, but they still require sophisticated and bulky laboratory equipment and trained personnel to operate. The exceptional computing ability and ease of use of modern smartphones coupled with fieldable optical detection technologies can provide a useful and portable alternative to these laboratory systems. Herein, we present the development of a smartphone-based device called Krometriks, which is capable of simple and rapid colorimetric detection of microRNA (miRNAs) using a nanoparticle-based assay. The device consists of a smartphone, a 3D printed accessory, and a custom-built dedicated mobile app. We illustrate the utility of Krometriks for the detection of an important miRNA disease biomarker, miR-21, using a nanoplasmonics-based assay developed by our group. We show that Krometriks can detect miRNA down to nanomolar concentrations with detection results comparable to a laboratory-based benchtop spectrophotometer. With slight changes to the accessory design, Krometriks can be made compatible with different types of smartphone models and specifications. Thus, the Krometriks device offers a practical colorimetric platform that has the potential to provide accessible and affordable miRNA diagnostics for point-of-care and field applications in low-resource settings.
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Balakrishnan HK, Doeven EH, Merenda A, Dumée LF, Guijt RM. 3D printing for the integration of porous materials into miniaturised fluidic devices: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:338796. [PMID: 34711329 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials facilitate the efficient separation of chemicals and particulate matter by providing selectivity through structural and surface properties and are attractive as sorbent owing to their large surface area. This broad applicability of porous materials makes the integration of porous materials and microfluidic devices important in the development of more efficient, advanced separation platforms. Additive manufacturing approaches are fundamentally different to traditional manufacturing methods, providing unique opportunities in the fabrication of fluidic devices. The complementary 3D printing (3DP) methods are each accompanied by unique opportunities and limitations in terms of minimum channel size, scalability, functional integration and automation. This review focuses on the developments in the fabrication of 3DP miniaturised fluidic devices with integrated porous materials, focusing polymer-based methods including fused filament fabrication (FFF), inkjet 3D printing and digital light projection (DLP). The 3DP methods are compared based on resolution, scope for multimaterial printing and scalability for manufacturing. As opportunities for printing pores are limited by resolution, the focus is on approaches to incorporate materials with sub-micron pores to be used as membrane, sorbent or stationary phase in separation science using Post-Print, Print-Pause-Print and In-Print processes. Technical aspects analysing the efficiency of the fabrication process towards scalable manufacturing are combined with application aspects evaluating the separation and/or extraction performance. The review is concluded with an overview on achievements and opportunities for manufacturable 3D printed membrane/sorbent integrated fluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Kalathil Balakrishnan
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia; Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Egan H Doeven
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Andrea Merenda
- Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Khalifa University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Research and Innovation Centre on CO(2) and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Centre for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
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Diehm J, Hackert V, Franzreb M. Configurable 3D Printed Microfluidic Multiport Valves with Axial Compression. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1247. [PMID: 34683297 PMCID: PMC8537448 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the fabrication of microfluidic chips was revolutionized by 3D printing. It is not only used for rapid prototyping of molds, but also for manufacturing of complex chips and even integrated active parts like pumps and valves, which are essential for many microfluidic applications. The manufacturing of multiport injection valves is of special interest for analytical microfluidic systems, as they can reduce the injection to detection dead volume and thus enhance the resolution and decrease the detection limit. Designs reported so far use radial compression of rotor and stator. However, commercially available nonprinted valves usually feature axial compression, as this allows for adjustable compression and the possibility to integrate additional sealing elements. In this paper, we transfer the axial approach to 3D-printed valves and compare two different printing techniques, as well as six different sealing configurations. The tightness of the system is evaluated with optical examination, weighing, and flow measurements. The developed system shows similar performance to commercial or other 3D-printed valves with no measurable leakage for the static case and leakages below 0.5% in the dynamic case, can be turned automatically with a stepper motor, is easy to scale up, and is transferable to other printing methods and materials without design changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (J.D.); (V.H.)
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28
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Qin X, Liu J, Zhang Z, Li J, Yuan L, Zhang Z, Chen L. Microfluidic paper-based chips in rapid detection: Current status, challenges, and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Baas S, Saggiomo V. Ender3 3D printer kit transformed into open, programmable syringe pump set. HARDWAREX 2021; 10:e00219. [PMID: 35607679 PMCID: PMC9123459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A cheap, open source 3D printer (Creality Ender 3) is transformed into an Open Hardware, programmable syringe pump set. Only 3 parts need to be purchased outside of the printer kit. All other parts are either in the Ender 3 kit, or can be 3D printed. No prior knowledge in electronics or programming languages is required. The pumps are controlled by the 3D printer firmware and motherboard and programmed in simple G-code text files. The total cost of a three pumps setup is ∼€170. The pumps are capable of reaching stable flows down to 5 µL/min using cheap, disposable 10 mL syringes. Higher flow speeds are also achievable, in the order of mL/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Baas
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vittorio Saggiomo
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Kingsborough RP, Wrobel AT, Kunz RR. Colourimetry for the sensitive detection of vapour-phase chemicals: State of the art and future trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang Y, Tseng TM, Schlichtmann U. Portable all-in-one automated microfluidic system (PAMICON) with 3D-printed chip using novel fluid control mechanism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19189. [PMID: 34584118 PMCID: PMC8478871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art microfluidic systems rely on relatively expensive and bulky off-chip infrastructures. The core of a system—the microfluidic chip—requires a clean room and dedicated skills to be fabricated. Thus, state-of-the-art microfluidic systems are barely accessible, especially for the do-it-yourself (DIY) community or enthusiasts. Recent emerging technology—3D-printing—has shown promise to fabricate microfluidic chips more simply, but the resulting chip is mainly hardened and single-layered and can hardly replace the state-of-the-art Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip. There exists no convenient fluidic control mechanism yet suitable for the hardened single-layered chip, and particularly, the hardened single-layered chip cannot replicate the pneumatic valve—an essential actuator for automatically controlled microfluidics. Instead, 3D-printable non-pneumatic or manually actuated valve designs are reported, but their application is limited. Here, we present a low-cost accessible all-in-one portable microfluidic system, which uses an easy-to-print single-layered 3D-printed microfluidic chip along with a novel active control mechanism for fluids to enable more applications. This active control mechanism is based on air or gas interception and can, e.g., block, direct, and transport fluid. As a demonstration, we show the system can automatically control the fluid in microfluidic chips, which we designed and printed with a consumer-grade 3D-printer. The system is comparably compact and can automatically perform user-programmed experiments. All operations can be done directly on the system with no additional host device required. This work could support the spread of low budget accessible microfluidic systems as portable, usable on-the-go devices and increase the application field of 3D-printed microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Zhang
- Chair of Electronic Design Automation, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Tsun-Ming Tseng
- Chair of Electronic Design Automation, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ulf Schlichtmann
- Chair of Electronic Design Automation, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
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Additive Manufacturing of Sensors for Military Monitoring Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091455. [PMID: 33946226 PMCID: PMC8125590 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The US Department of Defense (DoD) realizes the many uses of additive manufacturing (AM) as it has become a common fabrication technique for an extensive range of engineering components in several industrial sectors. 3D Printed (3DP) sensor technology offers high-performance features as a way to track individual warfighters on the battlefield, offering protection from threats such as weaponized toxins, bacteria or virus, with real-time monitoring of physiological events, advanced diagnostics, and connected feedback. Maximum protection of the warfighter gives a distinct advantage over adversaries by providing an enhanced awareness of situational threats on the battle field. There is a need to further explore aspects of AM such as higher printing resolution and efficiency, with faster print times and higher performance, sensitivity and optimized fabrication to ensure that soldiers are more safe and lethal to win our nation's wars and come home safely. A review and comparison of various 3DP techniques for sensor fabrication is presented.
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Can 3D Printing Bring Droplet Microfluidics to Every Lab?-A Systematic Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030339. [PMID: 33810056 PMCID: PMC8004812 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, additive manufacturing has steadily gained attention in both research and industry. Applications range from prototyping to small-scale production, with 3D printing offering reduced logistics overheads, better design flexibility and ease of use compared with traditional fabrication methods. In addition, printer and material costs have also decreased rapidly. These advantages make 3D printing attractive for application in microfluidic chip fabrication. However, 3D printing microfluidics is still a new area. Is the technology mature enough to print complex microchannel geometries, such as droplet microfluidics? Can 3D-printed droplet microfluidic chips be used in biological or chemical applications? Is 3D printing mature enough to be used in every research lab? These are the questions we will seek answers to in our systematic review. We will analyze (1) the key performance metrics of 3D-printed droplet microfluidics and (2) existing biological or chemical application areas. In addition, we evaluate (3) the potential of large-scale application of 3D printing microfluidics. Finally, (4) we discuss how 3D printing and digital design automation could trivialize microfluidic chip fabrication in the long term. Based on our analysis, we can conclude that today, 3D printers could already be used in every research lab. Printing droplet microfluidics is also a possibility, albeit with some challenges discussed in this review.
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Hu Q, Tang H, Yao Y, Liu S, Zhang H, Ramalingam M. Rapid fabrication of gelatin-based scaffolds with prevascularized channels for organ regeneration. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33730706 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abef7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the biggest hinders in tissue engineering over the last decades was the complexity of the prevascularized channels of the engineered scaffold, which was still lower than that of human tissues. Another relative trouble was lacking precision molding capability, which restricted the clinical applications of the huge engineered scaffold. In this study, a promising approach was proposed to prepare hydrogel scaffold with prevascularized channels by liquid bath printing, which chitosan/β-sodium glycerophosphate (CS/β-GP) severed as the ink hydrogel, and gelation/nanoscale bacterial cellulose (Gel/BC) acted as the supporting hydrogel. Here, the ink hydrogel was printed by a versatile nozzle and embedded in the supporting hydrogel. Ink hydrogel transformed into liquid effluent at low temperature after cross-linking of gelatin by microbial transglutaminase (mTG). No residual template was seen on the channel surface after template removal. This preparation had a high degree of freedom in the geometry of the channel, which was demonstrated by making various prevascularized channels including circular, branched, and tree-shaped networks. The molding accuracy of the channel was detected by studying the roundness of the cross-section of the molded hollow channel, and the effect of the mechanical properties by adding BC to supporting hydrogel was analyzed. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were injected into the aforementioned channels and formed confluent and homogeneous distribution on the surface of channels. Altogether, these results showed that this approach can construct hydrogel scaffold with complex and accurate molding prevascularized channels, and had great potential to resolve urgent vascularization issue of bulk tissue-engineering scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Hu
- Shanghai University, 99, , Shanghai, 200444, CHINA
| | - Haihu Tang
- Shanghai University, 99, , Shanghai, 200444, CHINA
| | - Yuan Yao
- Shanghai University, 99, , Shanghai, 200444, CHINA
| | - Suihong Liu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, 200444, CHINA
| | | | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Vellore Institute of Technology, Vandalur - Kelambakkam Road, Chennai , Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, INDIA
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Manmana Y, Kubo T, Otsuka K. Recent developments of point-of-care (POC) testing platform for biomolecules. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Crude black pepper phytochemical 3D printed cell based miniaturized hydrazine electrochemical sensing platform. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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37
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Awasthi N, Gupta S, Kiran A, Pardasani R. State-of-the-art equipment for rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS FOR MANAGEMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 2021. [PMCID: PMC8192314 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824473-9.00012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic worldwide. Containment of this pandemic requires the diagnosis of the disease at an early stage. Extensive accessibility to accurate and rapid testing procedures is the need of the hour to control SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and to check the amount of immunity in the community. As such, scientists, doctors, and individual laboratories and companies around the world have been working tirelessly to develop the critically needed test kits in huge numbers. The ready to use test kits are based on different principles including detection of viral proteins in samples obtained from feces, sputum, nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal samples, etc., or in blood or serum, by detection of antibodies produced in the human body to fight the infection. The first kind involves molecular assays like polymerase chain reaction-based techniques for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus viral RNA. The second one involves serological and immunological assays which mostly rely upon antibody detection in an individual produced as a result of exposure to the virus. While the nucleic acid-based viral RNA can detect current infection in a sample, the serological tests can give an estimate of the already infected population. Medical imaging, specially chest computed tomography (CT), is another kind of technique that is becoming a supplement to the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, especially when the results by the former technique are not certain or take time to arrive. Apart from being a diagnostic tool, the CT scan can also help in prediction, assessing the disease progression and checking whether the patient is responsive to administered therapy. This chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of the various rapid and accurate diagnosis methods for SARS COVID-19 suggested by WHO for current infection, for example, detection of viral proteins, medical imaging, and previous infection, and detection of antibodies generated during COVID-19 infections and others that are currently being researched.
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38
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Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Widely accessible 3D printing technologies in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmaceutics: applications, materials and prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Balakrishnan HK, Badar F, Doeven EH, Novak JI, Merenda A, Dumée LF, Loy J, Guijt RM. 3D Printing: An Alternative Microfabrication Approach with Unprecedented Opportunities in Design. Anal Chem 2020; 93:350-366. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Kalathil Balakrishnan
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Faizan Badar
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - James I. Novak
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Andrea Merenda
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Ludovic F. Dumée
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 0000, United Arab Emirates
- Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 0000, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 0000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jennifer Loy
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
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40
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Jiang H, Sun B, Jin Y, Feng J, Zhu H, Wang L, Zhang S, Yang Z. A Disposable Multiplexed Chip for the Simultaneous Quantification of Key Parameters in Water Quality Monitoring. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3013-3018. [PMID: 32660234 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
On-site simultaneous quantification of multiple contaminants in a water body is challenging, especially for parameters requiring complicated chemical reactions to measure such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and phosphate. A novel disposable multiplexed microfluidic device has been developed herein that allows the quantitative detection of up to five parameters at once. Solid reagent rather than commonly used liquid reagent was used to ensure long shelf life, and a "flow to dissolve" mechanism was provided accordingly for the thorough dissolution and mixing of a solid reagent on chip. Samples from river water and industrial wastewater were tested using the microfluidic chip, showing less than 15% deviation from results acquired with the traditional standard method. The test time though was only 1/6 of that required by the traditional method. In addition, the feasibility of using a smartphone to collect the colorimetric signal was discussed, and a data analysis method was provided for quantification purposes. The combination of the multiplexed chip and smartphone imaging provides a convenient and practical way to obtain accurate information on the water quality within a short period of time without the use of any sophisticated instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Jiang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, 339th Songling Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bing Sun
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, 339th Songling Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, 218 Yan’an third Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, 218 Yan’an third Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, 339th Songling Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lin Wang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, 339th Songling Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shucai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, 218 Yan’an third Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, 339th Songling Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
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41
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Abstract
The microfluidics field is at a critical crossroads. The vast majority of microfluidic devices are presently manufactured using micromolding processes that work very well for a reduced set of biocompatible materials, but the time, cost, and design constraints of micromolding hinder the commercialization of many devices. As a result, the dissemination of microfluidic technology-and its impact on society-is in jeopardy. Digital manufacturing (DM) refers to a family of computer-centered processes that integrate digital three-dimensional (3D) designs, automated (additive or subtractive) fabrication, and device testing in order to increase fabrication efficiency. Importantly, DM enables the inexpensive realization of 3D designs that are impossible or very difficult to mold. The adoption of DM by microfluidic engineers has been slow, likely due to concerns over the resolution of the printers and the biocompatibility of the resins. In this article, we review and discuss the various printer types, resolution, biocompatibility issues, DM microfluidic designs, and the bright future ahead for this promising, fertile field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Naderi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;
| | - Nirveek Bhattacharjee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;
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42
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Nielsen AV, Beauchamp MJ, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. 3D Printed Microfluidics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:45-65. [PMID: 31821017 PMCID: PMC7282950 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional microfabrication techniques suffer from several disadvantages, including the inability to create truly three-dimensional (3D) architectures, expensive and time-consuming processes when changing device designs, and difficulty in transitioning from prototyping fabrication to bulk manufacturing. 3D printing is an emerging technique that could overcome these disadvantages. While most 3D printed fluidic devices and features to date have been on the millifluidic size scale, some truly microfluidic devices have been shown. Currently, stereolithography is the most promising approach for routine creation of microfluidic structures, but several approaches under development also have potential. Microfluidic 3D printing is still in an early stage, similar to where polydimethylsiloxane was two decades ago. With additional work to advance printer hardware and software control, expand and improve resin and printing material selections, and realize additional applications for 3D printed devices, we foresee 3D printing becoming the dominant microfluidic fabrication method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA;
| | - Michael J Beauchamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA;
| | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA;
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43
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Griffith CM, Huang SA, Cho C, Khare TM, Rich M, Lee GH, Ligler FS, Diekman BO, Polacheck WJ. Microfluidics for the study of mechanotransduction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2020; 53:224004. [PMID: 33840837 PMCID: PMC8034607 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab78d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces regulate a diverse set of biological processes at cellular, tissue, and organismal length scales. Investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the conversion of mechanical forces to biological responses is challenged by limitations of traditional animal models and in vitro cell culture, including poor control over applied force and highly artificial cell culture environments. Recent advances in fabrication methods and material processing have enabled the development of microfluidic platforms that provide precise control over the mechanical microenvironment of cultured cells. These devices and systems have proven to be powerful for uncovering and defining mechanisms of mechanotransduction. In this review, we first give an overview of the main mechanotransduction pathways that function at sites of cell adhesion, many of which have been investigated with microfluidics. We then discuss how distinct microfluidic fabrication methods can be harnessed to gain biological insight, with description of both monolithic and replica molding approaches. Finally, we present examples of how microfluidics can be used to apply both solid forces (substrate mechanics, strain, and compression) and fluid forces (luminal, interstitial) to cells. Throughout the review, we emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of different fabrication methods and applications of force in order to provide perspective to investigators looking to apply forces to cells in their own research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Griffith
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Stephanie A Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Crescentia Cho
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Tanmay M Khare
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Matthew Rich
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gi-Hun Lee
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William J Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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44
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global pandemic. The deleterious effects of coronavirus have prompted the development of diagnostic tools to manage the spread of disease. While conventional technologies such as quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) have been broadly used to detect COVID-19, they are time-consuming, labor-intensive and are unavailable in remote settings. Point-of-care (POC) biosensors, including chip-based and paper-based biosensors are typically low-cost and user-friendly, which offer tremendous potential for rapid medical diagnosis. This mini review article discusses the recent advances in POC biosensors for COVID-19. First, the development of POC biosensors which are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), papers, and other flexible materials such as textile, film, and carbon nanosheets are reviewed. The advantages of each biosensors along with the commercially available COVID-19 biosensors are highlighted. Lastly, the existing challenges and future perspectives of developing robust POC biosensors to rapidly identify and manage the spread of COVID-19 are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ru Choi
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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45
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Frazer JS, Shard A, Herdman J. Involvement of the open-source community in combating the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic: a review. J Med Eng Technol 2020; 44:169-176. [PMID: 32401550 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2020.1757772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in the modern age both due to its scale and its disruption to daily life throughout the world. Widespread social isolation and restrictions in the age of modern communicative technology, coupled with some early successes for makers, have united the open-source community towards a common goal in a way not previously seen. Local hospitals and care facilities are turning to makers to print essential consumable parts, such as simple visors, while in the hardest hit areas, critical pieces of medical technology are being fabricated. While important and effective innovations are appearing almost daily, there are also some worrying trends towards hobbyists attempting manufacture of complex medical devices with little understanding of the clinical or scientific rationale behind their design. The nature of the open-source community, an area of intensive innovation, fluidity, and experimentation, jars with the exacting standards of medical device regulation. Here, we review the involvement of rapid prototyping and the open-source community in the key areas of personal protective equipment (PPE), diagnostics, critical care technology, and information acquisition and sharing, highlighting where makers and hackers have clashed with medical device regulations, and areas where the system has worked well to facilitate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Scott Frazer
- Somerville College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Buckinghamshire Healthcare, NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Amelia Shard
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare, NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - James Herdman
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare, NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
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46
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Liu KZ, Tian G, Ko ACT, Geissler M, Brassard D, Veres T. Detection of renal biomarkers in chronic kidney disease using microfluidics: progress, challenges and opportunities. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:29. [PMID: 32318839 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) typically evolves over many years in a latent period without clinical signs, posing key challenges to detection at relatively early stages of the disease. Accurate and timely diagnosis of CKD enable effective management of the disease and may prevent further progression. However, long turn-around times of current testing methods combined with their relatively high cost due to the need for established laboratory infrastructure, specialized instrumentation and trained personnel are drawbacks for efficient assessment and monitoring of CKD, especially in underserved and resource-poor locations. Among the emerging clinical laboratory approaches, microfluidic technology has gained increasing attention over the last two decades due to the possibility of miniaturizing bioanalytical assays and instrumentation, thus potentially improving diagnostic performance. In this article, we review current developments related to the detection of CKD biomarkers using microfluidics. A general trend in this emerging area is the search for novel, sensitive biomarkers for early detection of CKD using technology that is improved by means of microfluidics. It is anticipated that these innovative approaches will be soon adopted and utilized in both clinical and point-of-care settings, leading to improvements in life quality of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan-Zhi Liu
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B1Y6, Canada.
| | - Ganghong Tian
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B1Y6, Canada
| | - Alex C-T Ko
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B1Y6, Canada
| | - Matthias Geissler
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B6Y4, Canada
| | - Daniel Brassard
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B6Y4, Canada
| | - Teodor Veres
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B6Y4, Canada
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47
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He Y, Tian F, Zhou J, Zhao Q, Fu R, Jiao B. Colorimetric aptasensor for ochratoxin A detection based on enzyme-induced gold nanoparticle aggregation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:121758. [PMID: 31796354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An innovative colorimetric method based on enzyme-induced gold nanoparticle aggregation was developed to detect the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and it was further applied to construct an aptasensor to monitor ochratoxin A (OTA) concentrations. In the presence of ALP, the substrate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate was hydrolyzed to generate ascorbic acid (AA). Subsequently, reduction of MnO2 nanosheets by AA produced manganese ions, which mediated gold nanoparticle aggregation. The color of the detection solution changed from brown-red to purple to blue as the ALP concentration increased, and a detection limit of 0.05 U·L-1 was achieved. Furthermore, this strategy was successfully utilized to devise a target-responsive aptasensor for colorimetric detection of an important mycotoxin, OTA, which causes food poisoning and has various toxic effects on humans. The proposed method offers high sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 5.0 nM together with high specificity. When applied to analyze red wine and grape juice samples, no complex sample pretreatment or bulky instruments were required. Overall, a colorimetric platform based on enzyme-induced gold nanoparticle aggregation was successfully established to improve the simplicity and sensitivity of ALP and OTA detection. This platform appears highly promising for mycotoxin-related food safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China.
| | - Fengyu Tian
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China
| | - Qiyang Zhao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China
| | - Ruijie Fu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China
| | - Bining Jiao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China.
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48
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Wu H, Ma Z, Wei C, Jiang M, Hong X, Li Y, Chen D, Huang X. Three-Dimensional Microporous Hollow Fiber Membrane Microfluidic Device Integrated with Selective Separation and Capillary Self-Driven for Point-of-Care Testing. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6358-6365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chenjie Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Min Jiang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiao Hong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dajing Chen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Farris TM, Humes JP, Nussbaum MA. Mix-Bricks and Flip-Lids: 3D Printed Devices for Simple, Simultaneous Mixing of Reactant Solutions. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3522-3527. [PMID: 32027484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two types of 3D printed devices for simultaneous mixing of small volumes (e.g., 50-500 μL) of reactant solutions are described. One device (a "Flip-Lid") is a specially designed lid for commercially available 96-well plates, with which solutions in adjacent wells can be mixed by inversion. The other type ("Mix-Bricks") consists of two 3D printed parts: an interlocking "brick" that contains a selected number of wells of specified volume and a lid for mixing solutions in adjacent wells by inversion. In both cases, the lids contain transparent windows through which reactions can be visually monitored or recorded. The application of these devices to quantitative measurements was evaluated by use of an iodine clock reaction to quantify ascorbic acid in fruit juices and vitamin C tablets. A smartphone was used to record, via time-lapse video, the times at which color appeared as a function of ascorbic acid concentration, producing a linear calibration curve with time as the dependent variable. Up to 12 reactions, each involving four reactant solutions, were monitored simultaneously in a single device. Replicate measurements within a given device consistently yielded standard deviations of less than 5% RSD. Accuracy was evaluated by comparison of the vitamin C tablet results to those obtained by iodine titration and by HPLC-UV; all three methods were within 1.3% of the overall mean of 543 mg/tablet. These 3D printed devices thus show promise for simultaneous reaction monitoring in a wide variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Farris
- Chemistry Department, Hillsdale College, 33 East College Street, Hillsdale, Michigan 49242, United States
| | - Joseph P Humes
- Chemistry Department, Hillsdale College, 33 East College Street, Hillsdale, Michigan 49242, United States
| | - Mark A Nussbaum
- Chemistry Department, Hillsdale College, 33 East College Street, Hillsdale, Michigan 49242, United States
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50
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Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) can benefit from operating in miniaturized devices as they enable quantitative, low-cost measurements with reduced analysis time and reagents consumption. However, most of the existing devices that offer ITC capabilities either do not yet allow proper control of reaction conditions or are limited by issues such as evaporation or surface adsorption caused inaccurate solution concentration information and unintended changes in biomolecular properties because of aggregation. In this paper, we present a microdevice that combines 3D-printed microfluidic structures with a polymer-based MEMS thermoelectric sensor to enable quantitative ITC measurements of biomolecular interactions. Benefitting from the geometric flexibility of 3D-printing, the microfluidic design features calorimetric chambers in a differential cantilever configuration that improves the thermal insulation and reduces the thermal mass of the implementing device. Also, 3D-printing microfluidic structures use non-permeable materials to avoid potential adsorption. Finally, the robustness of the polymeric MEMS sensor chip allows the device to be assembled reversibly and leak-free, and hence reusable. We demonstrate the utility of the device by quantitative ITC characterization of a biomolecular binding system, ribonuclease A (RNase A) bind with cytidine 2'-monophosphate (2'CMP) down to a practically useful sample concentration of 0.2 mM. The thermodynamic parameters of the binding system, including the stoichiometry, equilibrium binding constant, and enthalpy change are obtained and found to agree with values previously reported in the literature.
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