1
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Song Y, Nguyen TH, Lee D, Kim J. Machine Learning-Enabled Environmentally Adaptable Skin-Electronic Sensor for Human Gesture Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9551-9560. [PMID: 38331574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable sensors have been widely investigated and developed for the purpose of human motion detection, touch sensors, and healthcare monitoring, typically converting mechanical/structural deformation into electrical signals. The viscoelastic strain of stretchable materials often results in nonlinear stress-strain characteristics over a broad range of strains, consequently making the stretchable sensors at the body joints less accurate in predicting and recognizing human gestures. Accurate recognition of human gestures can be further deteriorated by environmental changes such as temperature and humidity. Here, we demonstrated an environment-adaptable high stress-strain linearity (up to ε = 150%) and high-durability (>100,000 cycles) stretchable sensor conformally laminated onto the body joints for human gesture recognition. The serpentine configuration of our ionic liquid-based stretchable film enabled us to construct broad data sets of mechanical strain and temperature changes for machine learning-based gesture recognition. Signal recognition and training of distinct strains and environmental stimuli using a machine learning-based algorithm analysis successfully measured and predicted the joint motion in a temperature-changing environment with an accuracy of 92.86% (R-squared). Therefore, we believe that our serpentine-shaped ion gel-based stretchable sensor harmonized with machine-learning analysis will be a significant achievement toward environmentally adaptive and multianalyte sensing applications. Our proposed machine learning-enabled multisensor system may enable the development of future electronic devices such as wearable electronics, soft robotics, electronic skin, and human-machine interaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Song
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Huyen Nguyen
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Lee
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyun Kim
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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2
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Xu Y, Stanko AM, Cerione CS, Lohrey TD, McLeod E, Stoltz BM, Su J. Low Part-Per-Trillion, Humidity Resistant Detection of Nitric Oxide Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5120-5128. [PMID: 38240231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The nitric oxide radical plays pivotal roles in physiological as well as atmospheric contexts. Although the detection of dissolved nitric oxide in vivo has been widely explored, highly sensitive (i.e., low part-per-trillion level), selective, and humidity-resistant detection of gaseous nitric oxide in air remains challenging. In the field, humidity can have dramatic effects on the accuracy and selectivity of gas sensors, confounding data, and leading to overestimation of gas concentration. Highly selective and humidity-resistant gaseous NO sensors based on laser-induced graphene were recently reported, displaying a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.3 ppb. Although highly sensitive (LOD = 590 ppq) single-wall carbon nanotube NO sensors have been reported, these sensors lack selectivity and humidity resistance. In this report, we disclose a highly sensitive (LOD = 2.34 ppt), selective, and humidity-resistant nitric oxide sensor based on a whispering-gallery mode microtoroid optical resonator. Excellent analyte selectivity was enabled via novel ferrocene-containing polymeric coatings synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. Utilizing a frequency locked optical whispering evanescent resonator system, the microtoroid's real-time resonance frequency shift response to nitric oxide was tracked with subfemtometer resolution. The lowest concentration experimentally detected was 6.4 ppt, which is the lowest reported to date. Additionally, the performance of the sensor remained consistent across different humidity environments. Lastly, the impact of the chemical composition and molecular weight of the novel ferrocene-containing polymeric coatings on sensing performance was evaluated. We anticipate that our results will have impact on a wide variety of fields where NO sensing is important such as medical diagnostics through exhaled breath, determination of planetary habitability, climate change, air quality monitoring, and treating cardiovascular and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchao Xu
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Allison M Stanko
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chloe S Cerione
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Euan McLeod
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Judith Su
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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3
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Zhao G, Sun J, Zhang M, Guo S, Wang X, Li J, Tong Y, Zhao X, Tang Q, Liu Y. Highly Strain-Stable Intrinsically Stretchable Olfactory Sensors for Imperceptible Health Monitoring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302974. [PMID: 37610561 PMCID: PMC10582427 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable gas sensors possess outstanding advantages in seamless conformability and high-comfort wearability for real-time detection toward skin/respiration gases, making them promising candidates for health monitoring and non-invasive disease diagnosis and therapy. However, the strain-induced deformation of the sensitive semiconductor layers possibly causes the sensing signal drift, resulting in failure in achievement of the reliable gas detection. Herein, a surprising result that the stretchable organic polymers present a universal strain-insensitive gas sensing property is shown. All the stretchable polymers with different degrees of crystallinity, including indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole (PIDTBT), diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole bithiophene thienothiophene (DPPT-TT) and poly[4-(4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-alt-[1,2,5]thiad-iazolo [3,4-c] pyridine] (PCDTPT), show almost unchanged gas response signals in the different stretching states. This outstanding advantage enables the intrinsically stretchable devices to imperceptibly adhere on human skin and well conform to the versatile deformations such as bending, twisting, and stretching, with the highly strain-stable gas sensing property. The intrinsically stretchable PIDTBT sensor also demonstrates the excellent selectivity toward the skin-emitted trimethylamine (TMA) gas, with a theoretical limit of detection as low as 0.3 ppb. The work provides new insights into the preparation of the reliable skin-like gas sensors and highlights the potential applications in the real-time detection of skin gas and respiration gas for non-invasive medical treatment and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Shanlei Guo
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Juntong Li
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
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4
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Sun Y, Li J, He D, Wang X, Shi Y, Pan L. Recent progress on performances and mechanisms of carbon dots for gas sensing. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:896-908. [PMID: 35687868 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as an attractive zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial with unique photoluminescent merits, have recently exhibited significant application potential in gas sensing as a result of their excellent optical/electronic characteristics, high chemical/thermal stability, and tunable surface states. CDs exhibit strong light absorption in the ultraviolet range and tunable photoluminescence characteristics in the visible range, which makes CDs an effective tool for optical sensing applications. Optical gas sensor based on CDs have been investigated, which generally responds to the target gas by corresponding changes in optical absorption or fluorescence. Moreover, electrical gas sensor and quartz crystal microbalance sensor whose sensing layer involves CDs have also been designed. Electrical gas sensor exhibits an increase or a decrease in electrical current, capacitance, or conductance once exposed to the target gas. Quartz crystal microbalance sensor responds to the target gas with a frequency shift. CDs greatly promote the absorption of the target gas and improve the sensitivity of both sensors. In this review, we aim to summarize different types of gas sensors involving CDs, and sensing performances of these sensors for monitoring diverse gases or vapors, as well as the mechanisms of CDs in different types of sensors. Moreover, this review provides the prospect of the potential development of CDs based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiean Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daowei He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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5
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He T, Wen F, Yang Y, Le X, Liu W, Lee C. Emerging Wearable Chemical Sensors Enabling Advanced Integrated Systems toward Personalized and Preventive Medicine. Anal Chem 2023; 95:490-514. [PMID: 36625107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Xianhao Le
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Weixin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
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6
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Abstract
Our demand for ubiquitous and reliable gas detection is spurring the design of intelligent and enabling gas sensors for the next-generation Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence. The desire to introduce gas sensors everywhere is fueled by opportunities to create room-temperature semiconductor gas sensors with ultralow power consumption. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the recent achievement of room-temperature gas sensors that have been translated from the advances in the design of the chemical and physical properties of low-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials. The emergence of solution-processable nanomaterials opens up remarkable opportunities to integrate into high-performance and flexible room-temperature gas sensors by using low-temperature, large-area, solution-based methods instead of costly, high-vacuum, high-temperature device manufacturing processes. We review the fundamental factors which affect the receptor and transducer functions of semiconductor gas sensors. We also discuss challenges that must be addressed in the move to the continuous miniaturization and evolution of semiconductor gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Tang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yunong Zhao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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7
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Suntijitrungruang O, Lakronwat J, Uthailiang T, Pongkitiwanichakul P, Boonchui S. Simulation of the sensing mechanism in quantum dot gas sensor by quantum light harvesting approach. Front Chem 2022; 10:1036197. [PMID: 36324518 PMCID: PMC9618855 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1036197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dot (QD) gas sensors are one of the most useful nanotechnologies applied to protect people from unnecessary harm. This work theoretically explores the mechanism in QD gas sensors in order to advance the prudent design of relevant products. The theoretical model employed in this research is similar to the process in plants’ photosynthesis, referred to as charge separation of light harvesting. In this work, we investigate the details of energy transport in QD gas sensors carried by electrons from the circuit. We demonstrate theoretically how the effects of temperature and gas detection affect electron transport. To analyze thoroughly, the potential energy referred to as the Schotthy barrier perturbed by gasses is considered. Moreover, the energy transfer efficiency (ETE) of QD gas sensors for oxidizing or reducing gas is shown in the simulation. The results imply that the electron transport between QDs (raising the current and lessening the current) depends on a parameter corresponding with the Schotthy barrier. In regard to thermal energy portrayed by phonon baths, a higher temperature shortens the time duration of energy transport in QDs, hence raising energy transfer efficiency and energy current. Our model can be applied to further QD gas sensors’ design and manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jidapa Lakronwat
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teerapat Uthailiang
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - S. Boonchui
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: S. Boonchui,
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8
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Ye X, Ge L, Jiang T, Guo H, Chen B, Liu C, Hayashi K. Fully Inkjet-Printed Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on Molecularly Imprinted Sol-Gel Active Materials. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1819-1828. [PMID: 35731925 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of chemiresistive sensors by inkjet printing is recognized as a breakthrough in gas-sensing applications. One challenge of this technology, however, is how to enhance the cross-selectivity of the sensor array. Herein, we present a ketjen black (KB) ink and molecularly imprinted sol-gel (MISG) inks to support the fabrication of a fully inkjet-printed chemiresistive sensor array, enabling the highly accurate recognition of volatile organic acids (VOAs) on the molecular level. The MISG/KB sensor array was prepared on a glossy photographic paper with a three-layer structure: a circuit layer by a commercial silver ink, a conductive layer by a KB ink, and an active selective layer by MISG inks imprinted by different templates. Hexanoic acid (HA), heptanoic acid, and octanoic acid were used as templates to prepare the MISGs and as targets to evaluate the detection and discrimination performance of the sensor array. Three resultant MISG/KB sensors exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity to VOA vapors. The limit of detection and imprinting factor were 0.018 ppm and 7.82, respectively, for HA-MISG/KB sensors to the corresponding target. With linear discriminant analysis of the gas responses, the MISG/KB sensor array can realize high discrimination to VOAs in single and binary mixtures. Furthermore, the proposed sensor array showed strong sensor robustness with excellent consistency, durability, bending, and humidity resistance. This work developed a fully inkjet-printed chemiresistive sensor array, enabling the realization of high cross-selectivity detection, achieving low-cost, scalable, and highly reproducible sensor fabrication, moving it closer to reliable, commercial, and wearable multi-analyte human body odor analysis potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ye
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Lingpu Ge
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tianshu Jiang
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hao Guo
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chuanjun Liu
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Research Laboratory, U.S.E. Co., Ltd., Tokyo 150-0013, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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9
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Resistive-Based Gas Sensors Using Quantum Dots: A Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22124369. [PMID: 35746151 PMCID: PMC9231087 DOI: 10.3390/s22124369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are used progressively in sensing areas because of their special electrical properties due to their extremely small size. This paper discusses the gas sensing features of QD-based resistive sensors. Different types of pristine, doped, composite, and noble metal decorated QDs are discussed. In particular, the review focus primarily on the sensing mechanisms suggested for these gas sensors. QDs show a high sensing performance at generally low temperatures owing to their extremely small sizes, making them promising materials for the realization of reliable and high-output gas-sensing devices.
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10
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Xia P, Shou Q, Wang T, Yang G, Li H, Li Q, Chen Y, Xie T, Huang J, Xing X. Highly stable and recoverable humidity sensor using fluorescent quantum dot film. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2674-2677. [PMID: 35648902 DOI: 10.1364/ol.460950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent sensors are resistant to electromagnetic interference and are electrically insulated, allowing for highly accurate measurements. Quantum dots (QDs) serve as outstanding sensing materials owing to the unique optical properties such as tunable photoluminescence (PL), excellent visible light activity, and high chemical and physical stability. In this paper, we develop an optical humidity sensor based on a QDs nanocomposite film. The film is made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), SiO2 microsphere (SM), and QDs through the layer-by-layer self-assembly method. The mechanism of humidity detection is moisture-induced quenching of the QDs fluorescence intensity. The results reveal that our sensor shows a good linear response to relative humidity in the range of 5% to 97%, a fast response-recovery time of 25 s and 20 s, and good repeatability for more than 50 cycles as well as high stability for over 180 days. Possessing the remarkable property, optical humidity sensors are envisaged for great potential applications in environmental monitoring.
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11
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Barik P, Pradhan M. Selectivity in trace gas sensing: recent developments, challenges, and future perspectives. Analyst 2022; 147:1024-1054. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02070f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity is one of the most crucial figures of merit in trace gas sensing, and thus a comprehensive assessment is necessary to have a clear picture of sensitivity, selectivity, and their interrelations in terms of quantitative and qualitative views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspendu Barik
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
| | - Manik Pradhan
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
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12
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Wu Z, Rong L, Yang J, Wei Y, Tao K, Zhou Y, Yang BR, Xie X, Wu J. Ion-Conductive Hydrogel-Based Stretchable, Self-Healing, and Transparent NO 2 Sensor with High Sensitivity and Selectivity at Room Temperature. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104997. [PMID: 34672085 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Here stretchable, self-healable, and transparent gas sensors based on salt-infiltrated hydrogels for high-performance NO2 sensing in both anaerobic environment and air at room temperature, are reported. The salt-infiltrated hydrogel displays high sensitivity to NO2 (119.9%/ppm), short response and recovery time (29.8 and 41.0 s, respectively), good linearity, low theoretical limit of detection (LOD) of 86 ppt, high selectivity, stability, and conductivity. A new gas sensing mechanism based on redox reactions occurring at the electrode-hydrogel interface is proposed to understand the sensing behaviors. The gas sensing performance of hydrogel is greatly improved by incorporating calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) in the hydrogel via a facile salt-infiltration strategy, leading to a higher sensitivity (2.32 times) and much lower LOD (0.06 times). Notably, both the gas sensing ability, conductivity, and mechanical deformability of hydrogels are readily self-healable after cutting off and reconnection. Such large deformations as 100% strain do not deprive the gas sensing capability, but rather shorten the response and recovery time significantly. The CaCl2 -infiltrated hydrogel shows excellent selectivity of NO2 , with good immunity to the interference gases. These results indicate that the salt-infiltrated hydrogel has great potential for wearable electronics equipped with gas sensing capability in both anaerobic and aerobic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Limin Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jinglan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yaoming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kai Tao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P.R. China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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13
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Song Z, Ye W, Chen Z, Chen Z, Li M, Tang W, Wang C, Wan Z, Poddar S, Wen X, Pan X, Lin Y, Zhou Q, Fan Z. Wireless Self-Powered High-Performance Integrated Nanostructured-Gas-Sensor Network for Future Smart Homes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7659-7667. [PMID: 33871965 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The accelerated evolution of communication platforms including Internet of Things (IoT) and the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication network makes it possible to build intelligent gas sensor networks for real-time monitoring chemical safety and personal health. However, this application scenario requires a challenging combination of characteristics of gas sensors including small formfactor, low cost, ultralow power consumption, superior sensitivity, and high intelligence. Herein, self-powered integrated nanostructured-gas-sensor (SINGOR) systems and a wirelessly connected SINGOR network are demonstrated here. The room-temperature operated SINGOR system can be self-driven by indoor light with a Si solar cell, and it features ultrahigh sensitivity to H2, formaldehyde, toluene, and acetone with the record low limits of detection (LOD) of 10, 2, 1, and 1 ppb, respectively. Each SINGOR consisting of an array of nanostructured sensors has the capability of gas pattern recognition and classification. Furthermore, multiple SINGOR systems are wirelessly connected as a sensor network, which has successfully demonstrated flammable gas leakage detection and alarm function. They can also achieve gas leakage localization with satisfactory precision when deployed in one single room. These successes promote the development of using nanostructured-gas-sensor network for wide range applications including smart home/building and future smart city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Song
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenhao Ye
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhesi Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mutian Li
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenying Tang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhu'an Wan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Swapnadeep Poddar
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaolin Wen
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaofang Pan
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuanjing Lin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- School of Electric Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Galstyan V. “Quantum dots: Perspectives in next-generation chemical gas sensors” ‒ A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1152:238192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Sharma S, Saini S, Khangembam M, Singh V. Nanomaterials-Based Biosensors for COVID-19 Detection-A Review. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:5598-5611. [PMID: 37974905 PMCID: PMC8768986 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2020.3036748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This review paper discusses the properties of nanomaterials, namely graphene, molybdenum disulfide, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots for unique sensing applications. Based on the specific analyte to be detected and the functionalization techniques that are employed, some noteworthy sensors that have been developed are discussed. Further, biocompatible sensors fabricated from these materials capable of detecting specific chemical compounds are also highlighted for COVID-19 detection purposes, which can aid in efficient and reliable sensing as well as timely diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Sharma
- Department of Applied PhysicsDelhi Technological UniversityNew Delhi110042India
| | - Sonakshi Saini
- Department of Applied PhysicsDelhi Technological UniversityNew Delhi110042India
| | - Maya Khangembam
- Department of Applied PhysicsDelhi Technological UniversityNew Delhi110042India
| | - Vinod Singh
- Department of Applied PhysicsDelhi Technological UniversityNew Delhi110042India
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16
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Yi N, Shen M, Erdely D, Cheng H. Stretchable gas sensors for detecting biomarkers from humans and exposed environments. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 133:116085. [PMID: 33244191 PMCID: PMC7685242 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The recent advent of stretchable gas sensors demonstrates their capabilities to detect not only gaseous biomarkers from the human body but also toxic gas species from the exposed environment. To ensure accurate gas detection without device breakdown from the mechanical deformations, the stretchable gas sensors often rely on the direct integration of gas-sensitive nanomaterials on the stretchable substrate or fibrous network, as well as being configured into stretchable structures. The nanomaterials in the forms of nanoparticles, nanowires, or thin-films with nanometer thickness are explored for a variety of sensing materials. The commonly used stretchable structures in the stretchable gas sensors include wrinkled structures from a pre-strain strategy, island-bridge layouts or serpentine interconnects, strain isolation approaches, and their combinations. This review aims to summarize the recent advancement in novel nanomaterials, sensor design innovations, and new fabrication approaches of stretchable gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mingzhou Shen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daniel Erdely
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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17
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Wu J, Wu Z, Huang W, Yang X, Liang Y, Tao K, Yang BR, Shi W, Xie X. Stretchable, Stable, and Room-Temperature Gas Sensors Based on Self-Healing and Transparent Organohydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52070-52081. [PMID: 33147020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have emerged as promising candidate materials for fabricating wearable electronics because of their fascinating stimuli-responsive and mechanical properties. However, the inherent instability of hydrogels seriously limits their application scope. Herein, the stable, ultrastretchable (upon to 1330% strain), self-healing, and transparent organohydrogel was exploited as a novel gas-responsive material to fabricate NH3 and NO2 gas sensors for the first time with extraordinary performance. A facile solvent substitution method was employed to convert the unstable hydrogel into the organohydrogel with a remarkable moisture retention (avoid drying within a year), frost resistance (freezing point below -130 °C), and unimpaired mechanical and gas sensing properties. First-principles simulations were performed to uncover the mechanisms of antidrying and antifreezing effects of organohydrogels and the interactions between NH3/NO2 and organohydrogels, revealing the vital role of hydrogen bonds in enhancing the stability and the adsorption of NH3/NO2 on the organohydrogel. The organohydrogel gas sensor displayed high sensitivity, ultralow theoretical limit of detection (91.6 and 3.5 ppb for NH3 and NO2, respectively), reversibility, and fast recovery at room temperature. It exhibited the capabilities to work at a highly deformed state with nondegraded sensing performance and restore all the electrical, mechanical, and sensing properties after mechanical damage. The gas sensing mechanism was understood by considering the gas adsorption on functional groups, dissolution in the solvent, and the hindering effect on the transport of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenxi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuning Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kai Tao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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18
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Nanda SS, Kim M, Yoo SJ, Papaefthymiou GC, Yi DK. Monolayer Quantum-Dot Based Light-Sensor by a Photo-Electrochemical Mechanism. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E817. [PMID: 32872368 PMCID: PMC7570193 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer nanocrystal-based light sensors with cadmium-selenium thin film electrodes have been investigated using electrochemical cyclic voltammetry tests. An indium tin oxide electrode system, with a monolayer of homogeneously deposited cadmium-selenium quantum dots was proven to work as a photo-sensor via an electrochemical cell mechanism; it was possible to tune current densities under light illumination. Electrochemical tests on a quantum dot capacitor, using different sized (red, yellow and green) cadmium-selenium quantum dots on indium tin oxide substrates, showed typical capacitive behavior of cyclic voltammetry curves in 2M H2SO4 aqueous solutions. This arrangement provides a beneficial effect in, both, charge separation and light sensory characteristics. Importantly, the photocurrent density depended on quantum yield rendering tunable photo-sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitansu Sekhar Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin-si 17058, Korea; (S.S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Minjik Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin-si 17058, Korea; (S.S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Sung Jong Yoo
- Center for Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro, 14-gil, Seoul 02792, Korea;
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | | | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin-si 17058, Korea; (S.S.N.); (M.K.)
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19
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Lead sulphide colloidal quantum dots for room temperature NO 2 gas sensors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12556. [PMID: 32724098 PMCID: PMC7387467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been recently investigated as promising building blocks for low-cost and high-performance gas sensors due to their large effective surface-to-volume ratio and their suitability for versatile functionalization through surface chemistry. In this work we report on lead sulphide CQDs based sensors for room temperature NO2 detection. The sensor response has been measured for different pollutant gases including NO2, CH4, CO and CO2 and for different concentrations in the 2.8-100 ppm range. For the first time, the influence of the QDs film thickness on the sensor response has been investigated and optimized. Upon 30 ppm NO2 release, the best room temperature gas response is about 14 Ω/Ω, with response and recovery time of 12 s and 26 min, respectively. A detection limit of about 0.15 ppb was estimated from the slope of the sensor response and its electric noise. The gas sensors exhibit high sensitivity to NO2, remarkable selectivity, repeatability and full recovery after exposure.
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20
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Liu J, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Li HY, Gao N, Tian Z, Zhou L, Zhang B, Tang J, Zhang J, Yi F, Liu H. MoS 2 Nanosheets Sensitized with Quantum Dots for Room-Temperature Gas Sensors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:59. [PMID: 34138314 PMCID: PMC7770826 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Internet of things for environment monitoring requires high performance with low power-consumption gas sensors which could be easily integrated into large-scale sensor network. While semiconductor gas sensors have many advantages such as excellent sensitivity and low cost, their application is limited by their high operating temperature. Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, typically molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets, are emerging as promising gas-sensing materials candidates owing to their abundant edge sites and high in-plane carrier mobility. This work aims to overcome the sluggish and weak response as well as incomplete recovery of MoS2 gas sensors at room temperature by sensitizing MoS2 nanosheets with PbS quantum dots (QDs). The huge amount of surface dangling bonds of QDs enables them to be ideal receptors for gas molecules. The sensitized MoS2 gas sensor exhibited fast and recoverable response when operated at room temperature, and the limit of NO2 detection was estimated to be 94 ppb. The strategy of sensitizing 2D nanosheets with sensitive QD receptors may enhance receptor and transducer functions as well as the utility factor that determine the sensor performance, offering a powerful new degree of freedom to the surface and interface engineering of semiconductor gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Hu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Yao Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Naibo Gao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilai Tian
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Zhou
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohui Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Tang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yi
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Qin Y, Zhao R, Bai C. Layered double hydroxide-oriented assembly by negatively charged graphene oxide for NO2 sensing at ppb level. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03372c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The ZnTi-LDHs/rGO composite is structured by combination with GO, to overcome the general stacking and low conductivity of pure ZnTi-LDHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Qin
- School of Microelectronics
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology
| | - Ruling Zhao
- School of Microelectronics
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Chenxiang Bai
- School of Microelectronics
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
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22
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Hu X, Dou Y, Li J, Liu Z. Buckled Structures: Fabrication and Applications in Wearable Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804805. [PMID: 30740901 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics have attracted a tremendous amount of attention due to their many potential applications, such as personalized health monitoring, motion detection, and smart clothing, where electronic devices must conformably form contacts with curvilinear surfaces and undergo large deformations. Structural design and material selection have been the key factors for the development of wearable electronics in the recent decades. As one of the most widely used geometries, buckling structures endow high stretchability, high mechanical durability, and comfortable contact for human-machine interaction via wearable devices. In addition, buckling structures that are derived from natural biosurfaces have high potential for use in cost-effective and high-grade wearable electronics. This review provides fundamental insights into buckling fabrication and discusses recent advancements for practical applications of buckled electronics, such as interconnects, sensors, transistors, energy storage, and conversion devices. In addition to the incorporation of desired functions, the simple and consecutive manipulation and advanced structural design of the buckled structures are discussed, which are important for advancing the field of wearable electronics. The remaining challenges and future perspectives for buckled electronics are briefly discussed in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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23
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Khan S, Ali S, Bermak A. Recent Developments in Printing Flexible and Wearable Sensing Electronics for Healthcare Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1230. [PMID: 30862062 PMCID: PMC6427552 DOI: 10.3390/s19051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors attract significant interest for their capabilities in real-time monitoring of wearers' health status, as well as the surrounding environment. Sensor patches are embedded onto the human epidermis accompanied by data readout and signal conditioning circuits with wireless communication modules for transmitting data to the computing devices. Wearable sensors designed for recognition of various biomarkers in human epidermis fluids, such as glucose, lactate, pH, cholesterol, etc., as well as physiological indicators, i.e., pulse rate, temperature, breath rate, respiration, alcohol, activity monitoring, etc., have potential applications both in medical diagnostics and fitness monitoring. The rapid developments in solution-based nanomaterials offered a promising perspective to the field of wearable sensors by enabling their cost-efficient manufacturing through printing on a wide range of flexible polymeric substrates. This review highlights the latest key developments made in the field of wearable sensors involving advanced nanomaterials, manufacturing processes, substrates, sensor type, sensing mechanism, and readout circuits, and ends with challenges in the future scope of the field. Sensors are categorized as biological and fluidic, mounted directly on the human body, or physiological, integrated onto wearable substrates/gadgets separately for monitoring of human-body-related analytes, as well as external stimuli. Special focus is given to printable materials and sensors, which are key enablers for wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Khan
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 5825, Qatar.
| | - Shawkat Ali
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 5825, Qatar.
| | - Amine Bermak
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 5825, Qatar.
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24
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Preparation of Tin Oxide Quantum Dots in Aqueous Solution and Applications in Semiconductor Gas Sensors. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020240. [PMID: 30754695 PMCID: PMC6409684 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tin oxide quantum dots (QDs) were prepared in aqueous solution from the precursor of tin dichloride via a simple process of hydrolysis and oxidation. The average grain size of QDs was 1.9 nm. The hydrothermal treatment was used to control the average grain size, which increased to 2.7 and 4.0 nm when the operating temperatures of 125 and 225 °C were employed, respectively. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) pattern confirmed a rutile SnO2 system for the QDs. A band gap of 3.66 eV was evaluated from the UV-VIS absorption spectrum. A fluorescence emission peak was observed at a wavelength of 300 nm, and the response was quenched by the high concentration of QDs in the aqueous solution. The current-voltage (I-V) correlation inferred that grain boundaries had the electrical characteristics of the Schottky barrier. The response of the QD thin film to H2 gas revealed its potential application in semiconductor gas sensors.
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