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Ramlee MH, Ammarullah MI, Mohd Sukri NS, Faidzul Hassan NS, Baharuddin MH, Abdul Kadir MR. Investigation on three-dimensional printed prosthetics leg sockets coated with different reinforcement materials: analysis on mechanical strength and microstructural. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6842. [PMID: 38514731 PMCID: PMC10958049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has primarily focused on pre-processing parameters such as design, material selection, and printing techniques to improve the strength of 3D-printed prosthetic leg sockets. However, these methods fail to address the major challenges that arise post-printing, namely failures at the distal end of the socket and susceptibility to shear failure. Addressing this gap, the study aims to enhance the mechanical properties of 3D-printed prosthetic leg sockets through post-processing techniques. Fifteen PLA + prosthetic leg sockets are fabricated and reinforced with four materials: carbon fiber, carbon-Kevlar fiber, fiberglass, and cement. Mechanical and microstructural properties of the sockets are evaluated through axial compression testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results highlight superior attributes of cement-reinforced sockets, exhibiting significantly higher yield strength (up to 89.57% more than counterparts) and higher Young's modulus (up to 76.15% greater). SEM reveals correlations between microstructural properties and socket strength. These findings deepen the comprehension of 3D-printed prosthetic leg socket post-processing, presenting optimization prospects. Future research can focus on refining fabrication techniques, exploring alternative reinforcement materials, and investigating the long-term durability and functionality of post-processed 3D-printed prosthetic leg sockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif Ramlee
- Bone Biomechanics Laboratory (BBL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
- Bioinspired Devices and Tissue Engineering (BIOINSPIRA) Research Group, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Imam Ammarullah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia.
- Undip Biomechanics Engineering and Research Centre (UBM-ERC), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung, 40153, West Java, Indonesia.
- Biomechanics and Biomedics Engineering Research Centre, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung, 40153, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Nurelisya Suraya Mohd Sukri
- Bone Biomechanics Laboratory (BBL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syafiqah Faidzul Hassan
- Bone Biomechanics Laboratory (BBL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hanif Baharuddin
- Bone Biomechanics Laboratory (BBL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2
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Arcadio F, Ali W, Bencivenga D, Del Prete D, Marzano C, Saitta L, Stampone E, Cennamo R, Carafa V, Altucci L, Zeni L, Cicala G, Cennamo N. 3D-printed biosensors in biomedical applications exploiting plasmonic phenomena and antibody self-assembled monolayers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1976-1994. [PMID: 38495717 PMCID: PMC10942693 DOI: 10.1364/boe.516565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a 3D-printed plasmonic chip based on a silver-gold bilayer was developed in order to enhance the optical response of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) probe. More specifically, numerical and experimental results were obtained on the 3D-printed SPR platform based on a silver-gold bilayer. Then, the optimized probe's gold plasmonic interface was functionalized with a specific antibody directed against the p27Kip1 protein (p27), an important cell cycle regulator. The 3D-printed plasmonic biosensor was tested for p27 detection with good selectivity and a detection limit of 55 pM. The biosensor system demonstrated performance similar to commercially available ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) kits, with several advantages, such as a wide detection range and a modular and simple-based architecture. The proposed biosensing technology offers flexible deployment options that are useful in disposable, low-cost, small-size, and simple-to-use biochips, envisaging future applications in experimental and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Arcadio
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Waqar Ali
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Debora Bencivenga
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Del Prete
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Chiara Marzano
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Lorena Saitta
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Stampone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Cennamo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Biogem Institute of Molecular and Genetic Biology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Biogem Institute of Molecular and Genetic Biology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Institute of Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Program of Medical Epigenetics, Vanvitelli, Hospital, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cicala
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy
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3
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Khan N, Sengupta P. Technological Advancement and Trend in Selective Bioanalytical Sample Extraction through State of the Art 3-D Printing Techniques Aiming 'Sorbent Customization as per need'. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38319592 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2305275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The inherent complexity of biological matrices and presence of several interfering substances in biological samples make them unsuitable for direct analysis. An effective sample preparation technique assists in analyte enrichment, improving selectivity and sensitivity of bioanalytical method. Because of several key benefits of employing 3D printed sorbent in sample extraction, it has recently gained popularity across a variety of industries. Applications for 3D printing in the field of bioanalytical research have grown recently, particularly in the areas of miniaturization, (bio)sensing, sample preparation, and separation sciences. Due to the high expense of the solid phase microextraction cartridge, researcher approaches in-lab production of sorbent material for the extraction of analyte from biological samples. Owing to its distinct advantages such as low costs, automation capabilities, capacity to produce products in a variety of shapes, and reduction of tedious steps of sample preparation, 3D printed sorbents are gaining increased attention in the field of bioanalysis. It is also reported to offer high selectivity and assist in achieving a much lower limit of detection. In this review, we have discussed current advancements in different types of 3D printed sorbents, production methods, and their applications in the field of bioanalytical sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Khan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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4
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Paul AA, Aladese AD, Marks RS. Additive Manufacturing Applications in Biosensors Technologies. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:60. [PMID: 38391979 PMCID: PMC10887193 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has emerged as an attractive state-of-the-art tool for precisely fabricating functional materials with complex geometries, championing several advancements in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and therapeutics. However, this technology has an untapped potential for biotechnological applications, such as sensor and biosensor development. By exploring these avenues, the scope of 3D printing technology can be expanded and pave the way for groundbreaking innovations in the biotechnology field. Indeed, new printing materials and printers would offer new possibilities for seamlessly incorporating biological functionalities within the growing 3D scaffolds. Herein, we review the additive manufacturing applications in biosensor technologies with a particular emphasis on extrusion-based 3D printing modalities. We highlight the application of natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials as 3D-printed soft hydrogels. Emphasis is placed on the approach by which the sensing molecules are introduced during the fabrication process. Finally, future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Abbey Paul
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Adedamola D. Aladese
- Department of Physics and Material Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Robert S. Marks
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel;
- Ilse Katz Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
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5
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Wu CY, Su YT, Su CK. 4D-printed needle panel meters coupled with enzymatic derivatization for reading urea and glucose concentrations in biological samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115500. [PMID: 37390641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
On-site analytical techniques continue being developed with advances in modern technology. To demonstrate the applicability of four-dimensional printing (4DP) technologies in the direct fabrication of stimuli-responsive analytical devices for on-site determination of urea and glucose, we used digital light processing three-dimensional printing (3DP) and 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA)-incorporated photocurable resins to fabricate all-in-one needle panel meters. When adding a sample having a value of pH above the pKa of CEA (ca. 4.6-5.0) into the fabricated needle panel meter, the [H+]-responsive layer of the needle, printed using the CEA-incorporated photocurable resins, swelled as a result of electrostatic repulsion among the dissociated carboxyl groups of the copolymer, leading to [H+]-dependent bending of the needle. When coupled with a derivatization reaction (urease-mediated hydrolysis of urea to decrease [H+]; glucose oxidase-mediated oxidization of glucose to increase [H+]), the bending of the needle allowed reliable quantification of urea or glucose when referencing pre-calibrated concentration scales. After method optimization, the method's detection limits for urea and glucose were 4.9 and 7.0 μM, respectively, within a working concentration range from 0.1 to 10 mM. We verified the reliability of this analytical method by determining the concentrations of urea and glucose in samples of human urine, fetal bovine serum, and rat plasma with spike analyses and comparing the results with those obtained using commercial assay kits. Our results confirm that 4DP technologies can allow the direct fabrication of stimuli-responsive devices for quantitative chemical analysis, and that they can advance the development and applicability of 3DP-enabling analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
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6
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Pysz PM, Hoskins JK, Zou M, Stenken JA. 3D Printed Customizable Microsampling Devices for Neuroscience Applications. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3278-3287. [PMID: 37646856 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional devices that incorporate chemical or physical measurements combined with ways to manipulate brain tissue via drug delivery, electrical stimulation, or light for optogenetics are desired by neuroscientists. The next generation in vivo brain devices will likely utilize the extensive flexibility and rapid processing of 3D printing. This Perspective demonstrates how close we are to this reality for advanced neuroscience measurements. 3D printing provides the opportunity to improve microsampling-based devices in ways that have not been previously available. Not only can 3D printing be used for actual device creation, but it can also allow printing of peripheral objects necessary to assemble functional devices. The most probable 3D printing set up for microsampling devices with appropriate nm to μm feature size will likely require 2-photon polymerization-based printers. This Perspective describes the advantages and challenges for 3D printing of microsampling devices as an initial step to meet the next generation device needs of neuroscientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Pysz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Julia K Hoskins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Center for Advanced Surface Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Min Zou
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Center for Advanced Surface Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Julie A Stenken
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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7
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Arcadio F, Marzano C, Del Prete D, Zeni L, Cennamo N. Analysis of Plasmonic Sensors Performance Realized by Exploiting Different UV-Cured Optical Adhesives Combined with Plastic Optical Fibers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6182. [PMID: 37448030 DOI: 10.3390/s23136182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors can be used to realize simple, small-size, disposable, and low-cost biosensors for application in several fields, e.g., healthcare. The performance of SPR sensors based on optical waveguides can be changed by tuning several parameters, such as the dimensions and the shape of the waveguides, the refractive index of the core, and the metal nanofilms used to excite the SPR phenomenon. In this work, in order to develop, experimentally test, and compare several polymer-based plasmonic sensors, realized by using waveguides with different core refractive indices, optical adhesives and 3D printed blocks with a trench inside have been used. In particular, the sensors are realized by filling the blocks' trenches (with two plastic optical fibers located at the end of these) with different UV-cured optical adhesives and then covering them with the same bilayer to excite the SPR phenomenon. The developed SPR sensors have been characterized by numerical and experimental results. Finally, in order to propose photonic solutions for healthcare, a comparative analysis has been reported to choose the best sensor configuration useful for developing low-cost biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Arcadio
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Chiara Marzano
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Domenico Del Prete
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
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8
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Tang M, Zhong Z, Ke C. Advanced supramolecular design for direct ink writing of soft materials. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1614-1649. [PMID: 36779285 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The exciting advancements in 3D-printing of soft materials are changing the landscape of materials development and fabrication. Among various 3D-printers that are designed for soft materials fabrication, the direct ink writing (DIW) system is particularly attractive for chemists and materials scientists due to the mild fabrication conditions, compatibility with a wide range of organic and inorganic materials, and the ease of multi-materials 3D-printing. Inks for DIW need to possess suitable viscoelastic properties to allow for smooth extrusion and be self-supportive after printing, but molecularly facilitating 3D printability to functional materials remains nontrivial. While supramolecular binding motifs have been increasingly used for 3D-printing, these inks are largely optimized empirically for DIW. Hence, this review aims to establish a clear connection between the molecular understanding of the supramolecularly bound motifs and their viscoelastic properties at bulk. Herein, extrudable (but not self-supportive) and 3D-printable (self-supportive) polymeric materials that utilize noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, host-guest inclusion, metal-ligand coordination, micro-crystallization, and van der Waals interaction, have been discussed in detail. In particular, the rheological distinctions between extrudable and 3D-printable inks have been discussed from a supramolecular design perspective. Examples shown in this review also highlight the exciting macroscale functions amplified from the molecular design. Challenges associated with the hierarchical control and characterization of supramolecularly designed DIW inks are also outlined. The perspective of utilizing supramolecular binding motifs in soft materials DIW printing has been discussed. This review serves to connect researchers across disciplines to develop innovative solutions that connect top-down 3D-printing and bottom-up supramolecular design to accelerate the development of 3D-print soft materials for a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA.
| | - Zhuoran Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA.
| | - Chenfeng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA.
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9
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Cardoso VHR, Caldas P, Giraldi MTR, Frazão O, Costa JCWA, Santos JL. Optical Strain Gauge Prototype Based on a High Sensitivity Balloon-like Interferometer and Additive Manufacturing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7652. [PMID: 36236750 PMCID: PMC9571387 DOI: 10.3390/s22197652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An optical strain gauge based on a balloon-like interferometer structure formed by a bent standard single-mode fiber combined with a 3D printer piece has been presented and demonstrated, which can be used to measure displacement. The interferometer has a simple and compact size, easy fabrication, low cost, and is repeatable. The sensor is based on the interference between the core and cladding modes. This is caused by the fiber's curvature because when light propagates through the curved balloon-shaped interferometer region, a portion of it will be released from the core limitation and coupled to the cladding. The balloon has an axial displacement as a result of how the artwork was constructed. The sensor head is sandwiched between two cantilevers such that when there is a displacement, the dimension associated with the micro bend is altered. The sensor response as a function of displacement can be determined using wavelength shift or intensity change interrogation techniques. Therefore, this optical strain gauge is a good option for applications where structure displacement needs to be examined. The sensor presents a sensitivity of 55.014 nm for displacement measurements ranging from 0 to 10 mm and a strain sensitivity of 500.13 pm/μϵ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H. R. Cardoso
- Applied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Caldas
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Maria Thereza R. Giraldi
- Laboratory of Photonics, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Orlando Frazão
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - João C. W. Albuquerque Costa
- Applied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - José Luís Santos
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Bao N, Jiang S, Smith A, Schauer JJ, Mavrikakis M, Van Lehn RC, Zavala VM, Abbott NL. Sensing Gas Mixtures by Analyzing the Spatiotemporal Optical Responses of Liquid Crystals Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2545-2555. [PMID: 35998611 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report how analysis of the spatial and temporal optical responses of liquid crystal (LC) films to targeted gases, when performed using a machine learning methodology, can advance the sensing of gas mixtures and provide important insights into the physical processes that underlie the sensor response. We develop the methodology using O3 and Cl2 mixtures (representative of an important class of analytes) and LCs supported on metal perchlorate-decorated surfaces as a model system. Although O3 and Cl2 both diffuse through LC films and undergo redox reactions with the supporting metal perchlorate surfaces to generate similar initial and final optical states of the LCs, we show that a three-dimensional convolutional neural network can extract feature information that is encoded in the spatiotemporal color patterns of the LCs to detect the presence of both O3 and Cl2 species in mixtures and to quantify their concentrations. Our analysis reveals that O3 detection is driven by the transition time over which the brightness of the LC changes, while Cl2 detection is driven by color fluctuations that develop late in the optical response of the LC. We also show that we can detect the presence of Cl2 even when the concentration of O3 is orders of magnitude greater than the Cl2 concentration. The proposed methodology is generalizable to a wide range of analytes, reactive surfaces, and LCs and has the potential to advance the design of portable LC monitoring devices (e.g., wearable devices) for analyzing gas mixtures using spatiotemporal color fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanqi Bao
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shengli Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Reid C Van Lehn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Victor M Zavala
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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11
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Foelen Y, Puglisi R, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ. Photonic Liquid Crystal
Polymer Absorbent for Immobilization
and Detection of Gaseous Nerve Agent Simulants. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2022; 1:107-114. [PMCID: PMC9903360 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.2c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Detection and sequestration of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), such as poisonous organophosphates, are highly desirable for both personal security and environmental protection. However, both sensing and absorption in a single device have been rarely reported. In this study, we describe a photonic absorbent based on a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer as a dual sensing and decontamination device for gas-type CWAs. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) was used as a simulant compound. A blue reflective photonic polymer was fabricated that was able to detect DMMP vapor through absorption. Hydrogen bond interactions between DMMP and mesogenic carboxylic groups of the polymer allow selectivity and capture. A distinct optical change of the film from blue to bright green indicates the absorption of DMMP vapor molecules and confirms when full absorption of the polymer is achieved. The diffusion of DMMP vapor into the material was observed by the formation of a sharp boundary between swollen and unswollen material, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy images and the structural color changes. In ambient conditions, DMMP molecules are retained in the photonic absorbent without release to the environment. Heating above approximately 60 °C releases the absorbed DMMP, leading to a reusable optical device. These results confirm the ability of photonic polymers to sense and immobilize dangerous vapor, paving the way for the realization of simple, battery-free optical devices able to simultaneously warn and protect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yari Foelen
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Puglisi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Michael G. Debije
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education
Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Xia S, Pan J, Dai D, Dai Z, Yang M, Yi C. Design of portable electrochemiluminescence sensing systems for point-of-care-testing applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Al Lawati HAJ, Hassanzadeh J, Bagheri N. A handheld 3D-printed microchip for simple integration of the H 2O 2-producing enzymatic reactions with subsequent chemiluminescence detection: Application for sugars. Food Chem 2022; 383:132469. [PMID: 35183966 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel lab-on-a-chip (LoC) device fabricated by 3D printing based on H2O2-producing enzymatic reactions with sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed to measure different sugars, including glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose, in honey, juice, and rice flour samples. The pumpless microchip included two main parts, separated by new cone-shape blocking valves; part A for sample introduction and subsequent enzymatic reaction, besides the CL reagent (luminol) container, and part B for detection. The specific enzyme(s) were embedded into the pores of the zinc zeolite-imidazole framework (ZIF-8) to improve their storage stability. By opening the valves, H2O2 produced by enzymatic reaction and luminol could flow through the designed channels into the detection zone on part B, where a 2D cobalt-imidazole framework was embedded to improve the luminol-H2O2 CL emission. The obtained signal was proportional to the considered sugar concentration, with the detection limits range of 20-268 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider A J Al Lawati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman.
| | - Javad Hassanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - Nafiseh Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
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14
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Cao S, Shang X, Yu H, Shi L, Zhang L, Wang N, Qiu M. Two-photon direct laser writing of micro Fabry-Perot cavity on single-mode fiber for refractive index sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:25536-25543. [PMID: 36237081 DOI: 10.1364/oe.464210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using the two-photon polymerization (TPP) lithography, here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a fiber-tipped Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) for liquid refractive index (RI) measurement. To fit the aqueous environment, the FPI is designed as an open-cell microstructure consisting of well-crafted surfaces together with supporting rods, where the major spectral interference occurs between the waveguide's facet and the printed surface. Subsequently, the sensing performances of the fiber FPI are comprehensively studied under various RI as well as temperature configurations. The RI sensitivity is obtained to be ∼1058 nm/RIU with a low detection limit of 4.5× 10-6 RIU, which is comparable to that of previous reported FPIs. And the temperature cross-sensitivity reaches a value of 8.2 × 10-5 RIU/°C, indicating the good reliability for RI monitoring. Compared to other fiber FPIs, our sensor exhibits substantial advantages such as ease of fabrication, highly smooth cavity surfaces, and sufficient mechanical strength, providing a practical and competitive solution for chemical and biological sensing.
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15
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dos Santos DM, Cardoso RM, Migliorini FL, Facure MH, Mercante LA, Mattoso LH, Correa DS. Advances in 3D printed sensors for food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Yang J, Cheng Y, Gong X, Yi S, Li CW, Jiang L, Yi C. An integrative review on the applications of 3D printing in the field of in vitro diagnostics. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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B.Musgrove H, A.Catterton M, R.Pompano R. Applied tutorial for the design and fabrication of biomicrofluidic devices by resin 3D printing. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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18
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Del Rosario M, Heil HS, Mendes A, Saggiomo V, Henriques R. The Field Guide to 3D Printing in Optical Microscopy for Life Sciences. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2100994. [PMID: 34693666 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The maker movement has reached the optics labs, empowering researchers to create and modify microscope designs and imaging accessories. 3D printing has a disruptive impact on the field, improving accessibility to fabrication technologies in additive manufacturing. This approach is particularly useful for rapid, low-cost prototyping, allowing unprecedented levels of productivity and accessibility. From inexpensive microscopes for education such as the FlyPi to the highly complex robotic microscope OpenFlexure, 3D printing is paving the way for the democratization of technology, promoting collaborative environments between researchers, as 3D designs are easily shared. This holds the unique possibility of extending the open-access concept from knowledge to technology, allowing researchers everywhere to use and extend model structures. Here, it is presented a review of additive manufacturing applications in optical microscopy for life sciences, guiding the user through this new and exciting technology and providing a starting point to anyone willing to employ this versatile and powerful new tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Del Rosario
- Optical Cell Biology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Hannah S Heil
- Optical Cell Biology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Afonso Mendes
- Optical Cell Biology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Vittorio Saggiomo
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708WG, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- Optical Cell Biology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
- Quantitative Imaging and Nanobiophysics, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
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Zhang C, Qu M, Fu X, Lin J. Review on Microscale Sensors with 3D Engineered Structures: Fabrication and Applications. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101384. [PMID: 35088578 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intelligence of modern technologies relies on perceptual systems based on microscale sensors. However, because of the traditional top-down fabrication approaches performed on planar silicon wafers, a large proportion of existing microscale sensors have 2D structures, which severely restricts their sensing capabilities. To overcome these restrictions, over the past few decades, increasing efforts have been devoted to developing new fabrication methods for microscale sensors with 3D engineered structures, from bulk chemical etching and 3D printing to molding and stress-induced assembly. Herein, the authors systematically review these fabrication methods based on the applications of the resulting 3D sensors and discuss their advantages compared to their 2D counterparts. This is followed by a perspective on the remaining challenges and possible opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Menglong Qu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Xiuqing Fu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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20
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Ingle RG, Zeng S, Jiang H, Fang WJ. Current development of bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:517-529. [PMID: 36105159 PMCID: PMC9463481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is considered as the bottleneck step in bioanalysis because each biological matrix has its own unique challenges and complexity. Competent sample preparation to extract the desired analytes and remove redundant components is a crucial step in each bioanalytical approach. The matrix effect is a key hurdle in bioanalytical sample preparation, which has gained extensive consideration. Novel sample preparation techniques have advantages over classical techniques in terms of accuracy, automation, ease of sample preparation, storage, and shipment and have become increasingly popular over the past decade. Our objective is to provide a broad outline of current developments in various bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in chromatographic and spectroscopic examinations. In addition, how these techniques have gained considerable attention over the past decade in bioanalytical research is mentioned with preferred examples. Modern trends in bioanalytical sample preparation techniques, including sorbent-based microextraction techniques, are primarily emphasized. Bioanalytical sampling techniques are described with suitable applications in pharmaceuticals. The pros and cons of each bioanalytical sampling techniques are described. Relevant biological matrices are outlined.
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21
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Balcerak A, Kabatc J, Czech Z, Nowak M, Mozelewska K. High-Performance UV-Vis Light Induces Radical Photopolymerization Using Novel 2-Aminobenzothiazole-Based Photosensitizers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7814. [PMID: 34947409 PMCID: PMC8705399 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of using the photopolymerization reactions in various areas of science and technique is constantly gaining importance. Light-induced photopolymerization is the basic process for the production of various polymeric materials. The key role in the polymerization reaction is the photoinitiator. The huge demand for radical and cationic initiators results from the dynamic development of the medical sector, and the optoelectronic, paints, coatings, varnishes and adhesives industries. For this reason, we dealt with the subject of designing new, highly-efficient radical photoinitiators. This paper describes novel photoinitiating systems operating in UV-Vis light for radical polymerization of acrylates. The proposed photoinitiators are composed of squaraine (SQ) as a light absorber and various diphenyliodonium (Iod) salts as co-initiators. The kinetic parameters of radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), such as the degree of double bonds conversion (C%), the rate of photopolymerization (Rp), as well as the photoinitiation index (Ip) were calculated. It was found that 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives in the presence of iodonium salts effectively initiated the polymerization of TMPTA. The rates of polymerization were at about 2 × 10-2 s-1 and the degree of conversion of acrylate groups from 10% to 36% were observed. The values of the photoinitiating indexes for the most optimal initiator concentration, i.e., 5 × 10-3 M were in the range from 1 × 10-3 s-2 even to above 9 × 10-3 s-2. The photoinitiating efficiency of new radical initiators depends on the concentration and chemical structure of used photoinitiator. The role of squaraine-based photoinitiating systems as effective dyeing photoinitiators for radical polymerization is highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Balcerak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Janina Kabatc
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Czech
- International Laboratory of Adhesives and Self-Adhesive Materials, Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Nowak
- International Laboratory of Adhesives and Self-Adhesive Materials, Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Karolina Mozelewska
- International Laboratory of Adhesives and Self-Adhesive Materials, Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.N.); (K.M.)
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22
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deMello A. To Print, or Not to Print, That Is the Question. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3494-3495. [PMID: 34674529 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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24
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Microstructured Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Inkjet 3D Printing Using Photocurable Resins with Tailored Refractive Index. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152518. [PMID: 34372121 PMCID: PMC8347231 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel approach to realize a plasmonic sensor is presented. The proposed optical sensor device is designed, manufactured, and experimentally tested. Two photo-curable resins are used to 3D print a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. Both numerical and experimental analyses are presented in the paper. The numerical and experimental results confirm that the 3D printed SPR sensor presents performances, in term of figure of merit (FOM), very similar to other SPR sensors made using plastic optical fibers (POFs). For the 3D printed sensor, the measured FOM is 13.6 versus 13.4 for the SPR-POF configuration. The cost analysis shows that the 3D printed SPR sensor can be manufactured at low cost (∼15 €) that is competitive with traditional sensors. The approach presented here allows to realize an innovative SPR sensor showing low-cost, 3D-printing manufacturing free design and the feasibility to be integrated with other optical devices on the same plastic planar support, thus opening undisclosed future for the optical sensor systems.
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25
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Ambrosi A, Bonanni A. How 3D printing can boost advances in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:265. [PMID: 34287702 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
3D printing fabrication methods have received lately an enormous attention by the scientific community. Laboratories and research groups working on analytical chemistry applications, among others, have advantageously adopted 3D printing to fabricate a wide range of tools, from common laboratory hardware to fluidic systems, sample treatment platforms, sensing structures, and complete fully functional analytical devices. This technology is becoming more affordable over time and therefore preferred over the commonly used fabrication processes like hot embossing, soft lithography, injection molding and micromilling. However, to better exploit 3D printing fabrication methods, it is important to fully understand their benefits and limitations which are also directly associated to the properties of the materials used for printing. Costs, printing resolution, chemical and biological compatibility of the materials, design complexity, robustness of the printed object, and integration with commercially available systems represent important aspects to be weighted in relation to the intended task. In this review, a useful introductory summary of the most commonly used 3D printing systems and mechanisms is provided before the description of the most recent trends of the use of 3D printing for analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Concluding remarks will be also given together with a brief discussion of possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Ambrosi
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Alessandra Bonanni
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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26
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Kotz F, Quick AS, Risch P, Martin T, Hoose T, Thiel M, Helmer D, Rapp BE. Two-Photon Polymerization of Nanocomposites for the Fabrication of Transparent Fused Silica Glass Microstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006341. [PMID: 33448090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fused silica glass is the material of choice for many high-performance components in optics due to its high optical transparency combined with its high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. Especially, the generation of fused silica microstructures is of high interest for microoptical and biomedical applications. Direct laser writing (DLW) is a suitable technique for generating such devices, as it enables nearly arbitrary structuring down to the sub-micrometer level. In this work, true 3D structuring of transparent fused silica glass using DLW with tens of micrometer resolution and a surface roughness of Ra ≈ 6 nm is demonstrated. The process uses a two-photon curable silica nanocomposite resin that can be structured by DLW, with the printout being convertible to transparent fused silica glass via thermal debinding and sintering. This technology will enable a plethora of applications from next-generation optics and photonics to microfluidic and biomedical applications with resolutions on the scale of tens of micrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Kotz
- Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander S Quick
- Nanoscribe GmbH, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Risch
- Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Martin
- Nanoscribe GmbH, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tobias Hoose
- Nanoscribe GmbH, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Thiel
- Nanoscribe GmbH, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Helmer
- Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- FIT Freiburg Centre of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bastian E Rapp
- Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- FIT Freiburg Centre of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Davis JJ, Foster SW, Grinias JP. Low-cost and open-source strategies for chemical separations. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461820. [PMID: 33453654 PMCID: PMC7870555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward utilizing open access resources for laboratory research has begun. Open-source design strategies for scientific hardware rely upon the use of widely available parts, especially those that can be directly printed using additive manufacturing techniques and electronic components that can be connected to low-cost microcontrollers. Open-source software eliminates the need for expensive commercial licenses and provides the opportunity to design programs for specific needs. In this review, the impact of the "open-source movement" within the field of chemical separations is described, primarily through a comprehensive look at research in this area over the past five years. Topics that are covered include general laboratory equipment, sample preparation techniques, separations-based analysis, detection strategies, electronic system control, and software for data processing. Remaining hurdles and possible opportunities for further adoption of open-source approaches in the context of these separations-related topics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Samuel W Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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Tully JJ, Meloni GN. A Scientist’s Guide to Buying a 3D Printer: How to Choose the Right Printer for Your Laboratory. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14853-14860. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Tully
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel N. Meloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Abstract
The rapid development of additive technologies in recent years is accompanied by their intensive introduction into various fields of science and related technologies, including analytical chemistry. The use of 3D printing in analytical instrumentation, in particular, for making prototypes of new equipment and manufacturing parts having complex internal spatial configuration, has been proved as exceptionally effective. Additional opportunities for the widespread introduction of 3D printing technologies are associated with the development of new optically transparent, current- and thermo-conductive materials, various composite materials with desired properties, as well as possibilities for printing with the simultaneous combination of several materials in one product. This review will focus on the application of 3D printing for production of new advanced analytical devices, such as compact chromatographic columns for high performance liquid chromatography, flow reactors and flow cells for detectors, devices for passive concentration of toxic compounds and various integrated devices that allow significant improvements in chemical analysis. A special attention is paid to the complexity and functionality of 3D-printed devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel N. Nesterenko
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1–3 Leninskie Gory , GSP-3 , Moscow , Russian Federation
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31
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Dossi N, Toniolo R, Terzi F, Grazioli C, Svigelj R, Gobbi F, Bontempelli G. A Simple Strategy for Easily Assembling 3D Printed Miniaturized Cells Suitable for Simultaneous Electrochemical and Spectrophotometric Analyses. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Fabio Terzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological ScienceUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia via Campi 183 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Cristian Grazioli
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Rossella Svigelj
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Filippo Gobbi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Gino Bontempelli
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
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32
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Microextraction approaches for bioanalytical applications: An overview. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1616:460790. [PMID: 31892411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biological samples are usually complex matrices due to the presence of proteins, salts and a variety of organic compounds with chemical properties similar to those of the target analytes. Therefore, sample preparation is often mandatory in order to isolate the analytes from troublesome matrices before instrumental analysis. Because the number of samples in drug development, doping analysis, forensic science, toxicological analysis, and preclinical and clinical assays is steadily increasing, novel high throughput sample preparation approaches are calling for. The key factors in this development are the miniaturization and the automation of the sample preparation approaches so as to cope with most of the twelve principles of green chemistry. In this review, recent trends in sample preparation and novel strategies will be discussed in detail with particular focus on sorptive and liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalysis. The actual applicability of selective sorbents is also considered. Additionally, the role of 3D printing in microextraction for bioanalytical methods will be pinpointed.
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A nanoneedle-based reactional wettability variation sensor array for on-site detection of metal ions with a smartphone. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 547:330-338. [PMID: 30974249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An enhancement of the reactional wettability variation (RWV) sensing strategy is achieved based on the wettability switch of a nanoneedle surface. The sensor unit is formed by coating hydrophobic azoimidazole compounds, as the responder compounds onto the originally hydrophilic surface of cobalt hydroxide nanoneedles. The complexation reaction between metal ions and azoimidazole ligands etches the hydrophobic coating and switches the surface wettability, making the surface hydrophilic again. This switch is revealed by a decrease in the static contact angle (CA) and an increase in the sliding angle of the surface. The reactivity is tuned by the derivatization and conformational manipulation of the azoimidazole compounds. A sensor array composed of six as-tuned sensor units is constructed to distinguish among the species and concentrations of Fe3+, Ni2+ and La3+ at a low limit of 10-6 M using the chemometric method of principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, a new on-site detection strategy is developed based on PCA of the sliding angle, which can be measured conveniently and swiftly with a smartphone app and a commercially available setup. The application of the general RWV strategy is envisioned to open new possibilities for on-site detection.
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To SC, Brautigam CA, Chaturvedi SK, Bollard MT, Krynitsky J, Kakareka JW, Pohida TJ, Zhao H, Schuck P. Enhanced Sample Handling for Analytical Ultracentrifugation with 3D-Printed Centerpieces. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5866-5873. [PMID: 30933465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The centerpiece of the sample cell assembly in analytical ultracentrifugation holds the sample solution between windows, sealed against high vacuum, and is shaped such that macromolecular migration in centrifugal fields exceeding 200 000g can proceed undisturbed by walls or convection while concentration profiles are imaged with optical detection systems aligned perpendicular to the plane of rotation. We have recently shown that 3D printing using various materials allows inexpensive and rapid manufacturing of centerpieces. In the present work, we expand this endeavor to examine the accuracy of the measured sedimentation process, as well as short-term durability of the centerpieces. We find that 3D-printed centerpieces can be used many times and can provide data equivalent in quality to commonly used commercial epoxy resin centerpieces. Furthermore, 3D printing enables novel designs adapted to particular experimental objectives because they offer unique opportunities, for example, to create well-defined curved surfaces, narrow channels, and embossed features. We present examples of centerpiece designs exploiting these capabilities for improved AUC experiments. This includes narrow sector centerpieces that substantially reduce the required sample volume while maintaining the standard optical path length; thin centerpieces with integrated window holders to provide very short optical pathlengths that reduce optical aberrations at high macromolecular concentrations; long-column centerpieces that increase the observable distance of macromolecular migration for higher-precision sedimentation coefficients; and three-sector centerpieces that allow doubling the number of samples in a single run while reducing the sample volumes. We find each of these designs allows unimpeded macromolecular sedimentation and can provide high-quality sedimentation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C To
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Chad A Brautigam
- Departments of Biophysics and Microbiology , UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Sumit K Chaturvedi
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Mary T Bollard
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Jonathan Krynitsky
- Office of Intramural Research , Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - John W Kakareka
- Office of Intramural Research , Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Thomas J Pohida
- Office of Intramural Research , Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
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3D Printed Sensors for Biomedical Applications: A Review. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19071706. [PMID: 30974757 PMCID: PMC6480222 DOI: 10.3390/s19071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper showcases a substantial review on some of the significant work done on 3D printing of sensors for biomedical applications. The importance of 3D printing techniques has bloomed in the sensing world due to their essential advantages of quick fabrication, easy accessibility, processing of varied materials and sustainability. Along with the introduction of the necessity and influence of 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of sensors for different healthcare applications, the paper explains the individual methodologies used to develop sensing prototypes. Six different 3D printing techniques have been explained in the manuscript, followed by drawing a comparison between them in terms of their advantages, disadvantages, materials being processed, resolution, repeatability, accuracy and applications. Finally, a conclusion of the paper is provided with some of the challenges of the current 3D printing techniques about the developed sensing prototypes, their corresponding remedial solutions and a market survey determining the expenditure on 3D printing for biomedical sensing prototypes.
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