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Marchianò V, Tricase A, Cimino A, Cassano B, Catacchio M, Macchia E, Torsi L, Bollella P. Inside out: Exploring edible biocatalytic biosensors for health monitoring. Bioelectrochemistry 2025; 161:108830. [PMID: 39362018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Edible biosensors can measure a wide range of physiological and biochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, gases, gastrointestinal biomarkers, enzymes, hormones, glucose, and drug levels, providing real-time data. Edible biocatalytic biosensors represent a new frontier within healthcare technology available for remote medical diagnosis. The main challenges to develop edible biosensors are: i) finding edible materials (i.e. redox mediators, conductive materials, binders and biorecognition elements such as enzymes) complying with Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and European Medicines Agency (EMEA) regulations; ii) developing bioelectronics able to operate in extreme working conditions such as low pH (∼pH 1.5 gastric fluids etc.), body temperature (between 37 °C and 40 °C) and highly viscous bodily fluids that may cause surface biofouling issues. Nowadays, advanced printing techniques can revolutionize the design and manufacturing of edible biocatalytic biosensors. This review outlines recent research on biomaterials suitable for creating edible biocatalytic biosensors, focusing on their electrochemical properties such as electrical conductivity and redox potential. It also examines biomaterials as substrates for printing and discusses various printing methods, highlighting challenges and perspectives for edible biocatalytic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Marchianò
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy; Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Tricase
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy; Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cimino
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Blanca Cassano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Catacchio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy; Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Mundaca-Uribe R, Askarinam N, Fang RH, Zhang L, Wang J. Towards multifunctional robotic pills. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:1334-1346. [PMID: 37723325 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Robotic pills leverage the advantages of oral pharmaceutical formulations-in particular, convenient encapsulation, high loading capacity, ease of manufacturing and high patient compliance-as well as the multifunctionality, increasing miniaturization and sophistication of microrobotic systems. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of major innovations in the development of robotic pills-specifically, oral pills embedded with robotic capabilities based on microneedles, microinjectors, microstirrers or microrockets-summarize current progress and applicational gaps of the technology, and discuss its prospects. We argue that the integration of multiple microrobotic functions within oral delivery systems alongside accurate control of the release characteristics of their payload provides a basis for realizing sophisticated multifunctional robotic pills that operate as closed-loop systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Mundaca-Uribe
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nelly Askarinam
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Qiu Y, Ashok A, Nguyen CC, Yamauchi Y, Do TN, Phan HP. Integrated Sensors for Soft Medical Robotics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308805. [PMID: 38185733 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Minimally invasive procedures assisted by soft robots for surgery, diagnostics, and drug delivery have unprecedented benefits over traditional solutions from both patient and surgeon perspectives. However, the translation of such technology into commercialization remains challenging. The lack of perception abilities is one of the obstructive factors paramount for a safe, accurate and efficient robot-assisted intervention. Integrating different types of miniature sensors onto robotic end-effectors is a promising trend to compensate for the perceptual deficiencies in soft robots. For example, haptic feedback with force sensors helps surgeons to control the interaction force at the tool-tissue interface, impedance sensing of tissue electrical properties can be used for tumor detection. The last decade has witnessed significant progress in the development of multimodal sensors built on the advancement in engineering, material science and scalable micromachining technologies. This review article provides a snapshot on common types of integrated sensors for soft medical robots. It covers various sensing mechanisms, examples for practical and clinical applications, standard manufacturing processes, as well as insights on emerging engineering routes for the fabrication of novel and high-performing sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Qiu
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Aditya Ashok
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Chi Cong Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Thanh Nho Do
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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Chakraborty N. Metabolites: a converging node of host and microbe to explain meta-organism. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337368. [PMID: 38505556 PMCID: PMC10949987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Meta-organisms encompassing the host and resident microbiota play a significant role in combatting diseases and responding to stress. Hence, there is growing traction to build a knowledge base about this ecosystem, particularly to characterize the bidirectional relationship between the host and microbiota. In this context, metabolomics has emerged as the major converging node of this entire ecosystem. Systematic comprehension of this resourceful omics component can elucidate the organism-specific response trajectory and the communication grid across the ecosystem embodying meta-organisms. Translating this knowledge into designing nutraceuticals and next-generation therapy are ongoing. Its major hindrance is a significant knowledge gap about the underlying mechanisms maintaining a delicate balance within this ecosystem. To bridge this knowledge gap, a holistic picture of the available information has been presented with a primary focus on the microbiota-metabolite relationship dynamics. The central theme of this article is the gut-brain axis and the participating microbial metabolites that impact cerebral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Chakraborty
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, CMPN, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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Hu C, Wang L, Liu S, Sheng X, Yin L. Recent Development of Implantable Chemical Sensors Utilizing Flexible and Biodegradable Materials for Biomedical Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3969-3995. [PMID: 38271679 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Implantable chemical sensors built with flexible and biodegradable materials exhibit immense potential for seamless integration with biological systems by matching the mechanical properties of soft tissues and eliminating device retraction procedures. Compared with conventional hospital-based blood tests, implantable chemical sensors have the capability to achieve real-time monitoring with high accuracy of important biomarkers such as metabolites, neurotransmitters, and proteins, offering valuable insights for clinical applications. These innovative sensors could provide essential information for preventive diagnosis and effective intervention. To date, despite extensive research on flexible and bioresorbable materials for implantable electronics, the development of chemical sensors has faced several challenges related to materials and device design, resulting in only a limited number of successful accomplishments. This review highlights recent advancements in implantable chemical sensors based on flexible and biodegradable materials, encompassing their sensing strategies, materials strategies, and geometric configurations. The following discussions focus on demonstrated detection of various objects including ions, small molecules, and a few examples of macromolecules using flexible and/or bioresorbable implantable chemical sensors. Finally, we will present current challenges and explore potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Liu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shangbin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Stine JM, Ruland KL, Beardslee LA, Levy JA, Abianeh H, Botasini S, Pasricha PJ, Ghodssi R. Miniaturized Capsule System Toward Real-Time Electrochemical Detection of H 2 S in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302897. [PMID: 38035728 PMCID: PMC11468942 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a gaseous inflammatory mediator and important signaling molecule for maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis. Excess intraluminal H2 S in the GI tract has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative disorders; however, the role of H2 S in disease pathogenesis and progression is unclear. Herein, an electrochemical gas-sensing ingestible capsule is developed to enable real-time, wireless amperometric measurement of H2 S in GI conditions. A gold (Au) three-electrode sensor is modified with a Nafion solid-polymer electrolyte (Nafion-Au) to enhance selectivity toward H2 S in humid environments. The Nafion-Au sensor-integrated capsule shows a linear current response in H2 S concentration ranging from 0.21 to 4.5 ppm (R2 = 0.954) with a normalized sensitivity of 12.4% ppm-1 when evaluated in a benchtop setting. The sensor proves highly selective toward H2 S in the presence of known interferent gases, such as hydrogen (H2 ), with a selectivity ratio of H2 S:H2 = 1340, as well as toward methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ). The packaged capsule demonstrates reliable wireless communication through abdominal tissue analogues, comparable to GI dielectric properties. Also, an assessment of sensor drift and threshold-based notification is investigated, showing potential for in vivo application. Thus, the developed H2 S capsule platform provides an analytical tool to uncover the complex biology-modulating effects of intraluminal H2 S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Stine
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Institute for Systems ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical DevicesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Katie L. Ruland
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Institute for Systems ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical DevicesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Luke A. Beardslee
- Institute for Systems ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Joshua A. Levy
- Institute for Systems ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical DevicesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Hossein Abianeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Santiago Botasini
- Institute for Systems ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | | | - Reza Ghodssi
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Institute for Systems ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical DevicesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
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Chato L, Regentova E. Survey of Transfer Learning Approaches in the Machine Learning of Digital Health Sensing Data. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1703. [PMID: 38138930 PMCID: PMC10744730 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning and digital health sensing data have led to numerous research achievements aimed at improving digital health technology. However, using machine learning in digital health poses challenges related to data availability, such as incomplete, unstructured, and fragmented data, as well as issues related to data privacy, security, and data format standardization. Furthermore, there is a risk of bias and discrimination in machine learning models. Thus, developing an accurate prediction model from scratch can be an expensive and complicated task that often requires extensive experiments and complex computations. Transfer learning methods have emerged as a feasible solution to address these issues by transferring knowledge from a previously trained task to develop high-performance prediction models for a new task. This survey paper provides a comprehensive study of the effectiveness of transfer learning for digital health applications to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of diagnoses and prognoses, as well as to improve healthcare services. The first part of this survey paper presents and discusses the most common digital health sensing technologies as valuable data resources for machine learning applications, including transfer learning. The second part discusses the meaning of transfer learning, clarifying the categories and types of knowledge transfer. It also explains transfer learning methods and strategies, and their role in addressing the challenges in developing accurate machine learning models, specifically on digital health sensing data. These methods include feature extraction, fine-tuning, domain adaptation, multitask learning, federated learning, and few-/single-/zero-shot learning. This survey paper highlights the key features of each transfer learning method and strategy, and discusses the limitations and challenges of using transfer learning for digital health applications. Overall, this paper is a comprehensive survey of transfer learning methods on digital health sensing data which aims to inspire researchers to gain knowledge of transfer learning approaches and their applications in digital health, enhance the current transfer learning approaches in digital health, develop new transfer learning strategies to overcome the current limitations, and apply them to a variety of digital health technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chato
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA;
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Zhang Y, Lee G, Li S, Hu Z, Zhao K, Rogers JA. Advances in Bioresorbable Materials and Electronics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11722-11773. [PMID: 37729090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Transient electronic systems represent an emerging class of technology that is defined by an ability to fully or partially dissolve, disintegrate, or otherwise disappear at controlled rates or triggered times through engineered chemical or physical processes after a required period of operation. This review highlights recent advances in materials chemistry that serve as the foundations for a subclass of transient electronics, bioresorbable electronics, that is characterized by an ability to resorb (or, equivalently, to absorb) in a biological environment. The primary use cases are in systems designed to insert into the human body, to provide sensing and/or therapeutic functions for timeframes aligned with natural biological processes. Mechanisms of bioresorption then harmlessly eliminate the devices, and their associated load on and risk to the patient, without the need of secondary removal surgeries. The core content focuses on the chemistry of the enabling electronic materials, spanning organic and inorganic compounds to hybrids and composites, along with their mechanisms of chemical reaction in biological environments. Following discussions highlight the use of these materials in bioresorbable electronic components, sensors, power supplies, and in integrated diagnostic and therapeutic systems formed using specialized methods for fabrication and assembly. A concluding section summarizes opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Zhang
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Geumbee Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shuo Li
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ziying Hu
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kaiyu Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Electrochemical Affinity Biosensors: Pervasive Devices with Exciting Alliances and Horizons Ahead. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3276-3293. [PMID: 37534629 PMCID: PMC10521145 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical affinity biosensors are evolving at breakneck speed, strengthening and colonizing more and more niches and drawing unimaginable roadmaps that increasingly make them protagonists of our daily lives. They achieve this by combining their intrinsic attributes with those acquired by leveraging the significant advances that occurred in (nano)materials technology, bio(nano)materials and nature-inspired receptors, gene editing and amplification technologies, and signal detection and processing techniques. The aim of this Perspective is to provide, with the support of recent representative and illustrative literature, an updated and critical view of the repertoire of opportunities, innovations, and applications offered by electrochemical affinity biosensors fueled by the key alliances indicated. In addition, the imminent challenges that these biodevices must face and the new directions in which they are envisioned as key players are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, España
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, España
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Wang C, He T, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Lee C. Artificial intelligence enhanced sensors - enabling technologies to next-generation healthcare and biomedical platform. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:17. [PMID: 37528436 PMCID: PMC10394931 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution has led to the development and application of health monitoring sensors that are characterized by digitalization and intelligence. These sensors have extensive applications in medical care, personal health management, elderly care, sports, and other fields, providing people with more convenient and real-time health services. However, these sensors face limitations such as noise and drift, difficulty in extracting useful information from large amounts of data, and lack of feedback or control signals. The development of artificial intelligence has provided powerful tools and algorithms for data processing and analysis, enabling intelligent health monitoring, and achieving high-precision predictions and decisions. By integrating the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and health monitoring sensors, it becomes possible to realize a closed-loop system with the functions of real-time monitoring, data collection, online analysis, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations. This review focuses on the development of healthcare artificial sensors enhanced by intelligent technologies from the aspects of materials, device structure, system integration, and application scenarios. Specifically, this review first introduces the great advances in wearable sensors for monitoring respiration rate, heart rate, pulse, sweat, and tears; implantable sensors for cardiovascular care, nerve signal acquisition, and neurotransmitter monitoring; soft wearable electronics for precise therapy. Then, the recent advances in volatile organic compound detection are highlighted. Next, the current developments of human-machine interfaces, AI-enhanced multimode sensors, and AI-enhanced self-sustainable systems are reviewed. Last, a perspective on future directions for further research development is also provided. In summary, the fusion of artificial intelligence and artificial sensors will provide more intelligent, convenient, and secure services for next-generation healthcare and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore.
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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Flynn CD, Chang D, Mahmud A, Yousefi H, Das J, Riordan KT, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Biomolecular sensors for advanced physiological monitoring. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:1-16. [PMID: 37359771 PMCID: PMC10173248 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Body-based biomolecular sensing systems, including wearable, implantable and consumable sensors allow comprehensive health-related monitoring. Glucose sensors have long dominated wearable bioanalysis applications owing to their robust continuous detection of glucose, which has not yet been achieved for other biomarkers. However, access to diverse biological fluids and the development of reagentless sensing approaches may enable the design of body-based sensing systems for various analytes. Importantly, enhancing the selectivity and sensitivity of biomolecular sensors is essential for biomarker detection in complex physiological conditions. In this Review, we discuss approaches for the signal amplification of biomolecular sensors, including techniques to overcome Debye and mass transport limitations, and selectivity improvement, such as the integration of artificial affinity recognition elements. We highlight reagentless sensing approaches that can enable sequential real-time measurements, for example, the implementation of thin-film transistors in wearable devices. In addition to sensor construction, careful consideration of physical, psychological and security concerns related to body-based sensor integration is required to ensure that the transition from the laboratory to the human body is as seamless as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor D. Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Dingran Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alam Mahmud
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Hanie Yousefi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Kimberly T. Riordan
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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12
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Ilic IK, Galli V, Lamanna L, Cataldi P, Pasquale L, Annese VF, Athanassiou A, Caironi M. An Edible Rechargeable Battery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211400. [PMID: 36919977 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Edible electronics is a growing field that aims to produce digestible devices using only food ingredients and additives, thus addressing many of the shortcomings of ingestible electronic devices. Edible electronic devices will have major implications for gastrointestinal tract monitoring, therapeutics, as well as rapid food quality monitoring. Recent research has demonstrated the feasibility of edible circuits and sensors, but to realize fully edible electronic devices edible power sources are required, of which there have been very few examples. Drawing inspiration from living organisms, which use redox cofactors to power biochemical machines, a rechargeable edible battery formed from materials eaten in everyday life is developed. The battery is realized by immobilizing riboflavin and quercetin, common food ingredients and dietary supplements, on activated carbon, a widespread food additive. Riboflavin is used as the anode, while quercetin is used as the cathode. By encapsulating the electrodes in beeswax, a fully edible battery is fabricated capable of supplying power to small electronic devices. The proof-of-concept battery cell operated at 0.65 V, sustaining a current of 48 µA for 12 min. The presented proof-of-concept will open the doors to new edible electronic applications, enabling safer and easier medical diagnostics, treatments, and unexplored ways to monitor food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan K Ilic
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via R. Rubattino, 81, Milan, 20134, Italy
| | - Valerio Galli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via R. Rubattino, 81, Milan, 20134, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lamanna
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via R. Rubattino, 81, Milan, 20134, Italy
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Pietro Cataldi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via R. Rubattino, 81, Milan, 20134, Italy
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Lea Pasquale
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Valerio F Annese
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via R. Rubattino, 81, Milan, 20134, Italy
| | | | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via R. Rubattino, 81, Milan, 20134, Italy
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13
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Baltsavias S, Van Treuren W, Sawaby A, Baker SW, Sonnenburg JL, Arbabian A. Gut Microbiome Redox Sensors With Ultrasonic Wake-Up and Galvanic Coupling Wireless Links. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:76-87. [PMID: 35727787 PMCID: PMC9911315 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3184972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tools to measure in vivo redox activity of the gut microbiome and its influence on host health are lacking. In this paper, we present the design of new in vivo gut oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensors for rodents, to study host-microbe and microbe-environment interactions throughout the gut. These are the first in vivo sensors to combine ultrasonic wake-up and galvanic coupling telemetry, allowing for sensor miniaturization, experiment flexibility, and robust wireless measurements in live rodents. A novel study of in situ ORP along the intestine reveals biogeographical redox features that the ORP sensors can uniquely access in future gut microbiome studies.
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14
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Microbiome–Gut Dissociation in the Neonate: Autism-Related Developmental Brain Disease and the Origin of the Placebo Effect. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord4040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the importance of the intestinal microbiome has been realised for a number of years, the significance of the phrase microbiota–gut–brain axis is only just beginning to be fully appreciated. Our recent work has focused on the microbiome as if it were a single entity, modifying the expression of the genetic inheritance of the individual by the generation of interkingdom signalling molecules, semiochemicals, such as dopamine. In our view, the purpose of the microbiome is to convey information about the microbial environment of the mother so as to calibrate the immune system of the new-born, giving it the ability to distinguish harmful pathogens from the harmless antigens of pollen, for example, or to help distinguish self from non-self. In turn, this requires the partition of nutrition between the adult and its microbiome to ensure that both entities remain viable until the process of reproduction. Accordingly, the failure of a degraded microbiome to interact with the developing gut of the neonate leads to failure of this partition in the adult: to low faecal energy excretion, excessive fat storage, and concomitant problems with the immune system. Similarly, a weakened gut–brain axis distorts interoceptive input to the brain, increasing the risk of psychiatric diseases such as autism. These effects account for David Barker’s 1990 suggestion of “the fetal and infant origins of adult disease”, including schizophrenia, and David Strachan’s 1989 observation of childhood immune system diseases, such as hay fever and asthma. The industrialisation of modern life is increasing the intensity and scale of these physical and psychiatric diseases and it seems likely that subclinical heavy metal poisoning of the microbiome contributes to these problems. Finally, the recent observation of Harald Brüssow, that reported intestinal bacterial composition does not adequately reflect the patterns of disease, would be accounted for if microbial eukaryotes were the key determinant of microbiome effectiveness. In this view, the relative success of “probiotic” bacteria is due to their temporary immune system activation of the gut–brain axis, in turn suggesting a potential mechanism for the placebo effect.
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15
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Yasunaga T, Fukuoka T, Yamaguchi A, Ogawa N, Yamamoto H. Microtaggant Technology for Ensuring Traceability of Pharmaceutical Formulations: Potential for Anti-counterfeiting Measures, Distribution and Medication Management. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1255-1265. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Yasunaga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
| | | | - Akinobu Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo
| | - Noriko Ogawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Hiromitsu Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
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16
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Chen K, Yan L, Sheng Y, Ma Y, Qu L, Zhao Y. An Edible and Nutritive Zinc-Ion Micro-supercapacitor in the Stomach with Ultrahigh Energy Density. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15261-15272. [PMID: 36049456 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Miniature energy storage devices simultaneously combining high energy output and bioavailability could greatly promote the practicability of green, safe, and nontoxic in vivo detection, such as for noninvasive monitoring or treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, which is still challenging. Herein, we report ingestible and nutritive zinc-ion-based hybrid micro-supercapacitors (ZMSCs) consisting of an edible active carbon microcathode and zinc microanode, which can be inserted into a standard-sized capsule and ingested in a pig stomach. With features including flexibility, light weight, and shape adaptability, a single microdevice displays a high energy density of 215.1 μWh cm-2, superior to that of state-of-the-art biocompatible SCs/MSCs and even traditional ZMSCs reported previously. It also delivers an areal capacitance of 605 mF cm-2 and a high working voltage of 1.8 V, exceeding that of miniaturized commercial button batteries (1.55 V, RENATA 337). Comprehensive studies in vivo and in vitro demonstrate that the ZMSCs with high biocompatibility and safety not only power electronic equipment in the porcine stomach without a voltage booster but also act as a nutritional supplement of trace element zinc within the dose range, as well as the ability of potent antibacterial activity against bacterium Escherichia coli during the discharging process. This work provides an example for the design and fabrication of edible energy storage devices with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liben Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yukai Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Ma
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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17
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Won C, Kwon C, Park K, Seo J, Lee T. Electronic Drugs: Spatial and Temporal Medical Treatment of Human Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005930. [PMID: 33938022 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in diagnostics and medicines emphasize the spatial and temporal aspects of monitoring and treating diseases. However, conventional therapeutics, including oral administration and injection, have difficulties meeting these aspects due to physiological and technological limitations, such as long-term implantation and a narrow therapeutic window. As an innovative approach to overcome these limitations, electronic devices known as electronic drugs (e-drugs) have been developed to monitor real-time body signals and deliver specific treatments to targeted tissues or organs. For example, ingestible and patch-type e-drugs could detect changes in biomarkers at the target sites, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the skin, and deliver therapeutics to enhance healing in a spatiotemporal manner. However, medical treatments often require invasive surgical procedures and implantation of medical equipment for either short or long-term use. Therefore, approaches that could minimize implantation-associated side effects, such as inflammation and scar tissue formation, while maintaining high functionality of e-drugs, are highly needed. Herein, the importance of the spatial and temporal aspects of medical treatment is thoroughly reviewed along with how e-drugs use cutting-edge technological innovations to deal with unresolved medical challenges. Furthermore, diverse uses of e-drugs in clinical applications and the future perspectives of e-drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihyeong Won
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaebeen Kwon
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijun Park
- Biological Interfaces and Sensor Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmok Seo
- Biological Interfaces and Sensor Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoon Lee
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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18
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Eleftheriadis GK, Genina N, Boetker J, Rantanen J. Modular design principle based on compartmental drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113921. [PMID: 34390776 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The current manufacturing solutions for oral solid dosage forms are fundamentally based on technologies from the 19th century. This approach is well suited for mass production of one-size-fits-all products; however, it does not allow for a straight-forward personalization and mass customization of the pharmaceutical end-product. In order to provide better therapies to the patients, a need for innovative manufacturing concepts and product design principles has been rising. Additive manufacturing opens up a possibility for compartmentalization of drug products, including design of spatially separated multidrug and functional excipient compartments. This compartmentalized solution can be further expanded to modular design thinking. Modular design is referring to combination of building blocks containing a given amount of drug compound(s) and related functional excipients into a larger final product. Implementation of modular design principles is paving the way for implementing the emerging personalization potential within health sciences by designing compartmental and reactive product structures that can be manufactured based on the individual needs of each patient. This review will introduce the existing compartmentalized product design principles and discuss the integration of these into edible electronics allowing for innovative control of drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Boetker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Sharova AS, Caironi M. Sweet Electronics: Honey-Gated Complementary Organic Transistors and Circuits Operating in Air. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103183. [PMID: 34418204 PMCID: PMC11468742 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable harnessing of natural resources is key moving toward a new-generation electronics, which features a unique combination of electronic functionality, low cost, and absence of environmental and health hazards. Within this framework, edible electronics, of which transistors and circuits are a fundamental component, is an emerging field, exploiting edible materials that can be safely ingested, and subsequently digested after performing their function. Dielectrics are a critical functional element of transistors, often constituting their major volume. Yet, to date, there are only scarce examples of electrolytic food-based materials able to provide low-voltage operation of transistors at ambient conditions. In this context, a cost-effective and edible substance, honey, is proposed to be used as an electrolytic gate viscous dielectric in electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Both n- and p-type honey-gated OFETs (HGOFETs) are demonstrated, with distinctive features such as low voltage (<1 V) operation, long-term shelf life and operation stability in air, and compatibility with large-area fabrication processes, such as inkjet printing on edible tattoo-paper. Such complementary devices enable robust honey-based integrated logic circuits, here exemplified by inverting logic gates and ring oscillators. A marked device responsivity to humidity provides promising opportunities for sensing applications, specifically, for moisture control of dried or dehydrated food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina S. Sharova
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMiIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia G. Pascoli, 70/3Milano20133Italy
- Department of PhysicsPolitecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32Milano20133Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMiIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia G. Pascoli, 70/3Milano20133Italy
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20
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Abstract
The reduction of excessive weight remains a major public health challenge, with control currently limited to a calorie reduction strategy. Currently, attempts are being made at revisiting the fibre hypothesis based on the African studies of Denis Burkitt, that the lack of dietary fibre in the modern diet was responsible for the occurrence of obesity and many of the other non-communicable diseases of what he called “Western civilization”. However, the dilemma is that Burkitt himself stressed that other peoples of his day, such as the Maasai, remained healthy without consuming such high fibre diets. Equally, the present obesity epidemic is accompanied by diseases of a malfunctioning immune system and of poor mental health that do not seem to be adequately explained simply by a deficiency of dietary fibre. Though unknown in Burkitt’s day, an increasing degradation of a mutualistic intestinal microbiome would offer a better fit to the observed epidemiology, especially if the microbiome is not effectively passed on from mother to child at birth. Taking the broader view, in this article we posit a view of the microbiome as a cofactor of mammalian evolution, in which a maternal microbial inheritance complements the parental genetic inheritance of the animal, both engaging epigenetic processes. As this would require the microbiome to be fully integrated with the animal as it develops into an adult, so we have a meaningful evolutionary role for the microbiome–gut–brain axis. By a failure to correctly establish a microbiome–gut interface, the inhibition of maternal microbial inheritance sets the scene for the future development of non-communicable disease: compromised immune system function on the one hand and dysfunctional gut–brain communication on the other. The basic principle is that the fully functioning, diverse, microbiome achieves interkingdom communication by the generation of messenger chemicals, semiochemicals. It is envisaged that the in situ detection of these as yet ill-defined chemical entities by means of an ingestible sensor would indicate the severity of disease and provide a guide as to its amelioration.
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21
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Raijada D, Wac K, Greisen E, Rantanen J, Genina N. Integration of personalized drug delivery systems into digital health. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113857. [PMID: 34389172 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Personalized drug delivery systems (PDDS), implying the patient-tailored dose, dosage form, frequency of administration and drug release kinetics, and digital health platforms for diagnosis and treatment monitoring, patient adherence, and traceability of drug products, are emerging scientific areas. Both fields are advancing at a fast pace. However, despite the strong complementary nature of these disciplines, there are only a few successful examples of merging these areas. Therefore, it is important and timely to combine PDDS with an increasing number of high-end digital health solutions to create an interactive feedback loop between the actual needs of each patient and the drug products. This review provides an overview of advanced design solutions for new products such as interactive personalized treatment that would interconnect the pharmaceutical and digital worlds. Furthermore, we discuss the recent advancements in the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) management and related limitations of the current mass production model. We summarize the current state of the art and envision future directions and potential development areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Raijada
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Wac
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Quality of Life Technologies Lab, Center for Informatics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Weitschies W, Müller L, Grimm M, Koziolek M. Ingestible devices for studying the gastrointestinal physiology and their application in oral biopharmaceutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113853. [PMID: 34192551 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ingestible sensor systems are unique tools for obtaining physiological data from an undisturbed gastrointestinal tract. Since their dimensions correspond to monolithic oral dosage forms, such as enteric coated tablets or hydrogel matrix tablets, they also allow insights into the physiological conditions experienced by non-disintegrating dosage forms on their way through the gastrointestinal tract. In this work, the different ingestible sensor systems which can be used for this purpose are described and their potential applications as well as difficulties and pitfalls with respect to their use are presented. It is also highlighted how the data on transit times, pH, temperature and pressure as well as the data from different animal models commonly used in drug product development such as dogs and pigs have contributed to a deeper mechanistic understanding of oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Weitschies
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Laura Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mirko Koziolek
- NCE Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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23
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Liu G. Grand Challenges in Biosensors and Biomolecular Electronics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:707615. [PMID: 34422782 PMCID: PMC8377753 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.707615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Terrell JL, Tschirhart T, Jahnke JP, Stephens K, Liu Y, Dong H, Hurley MM, Pozo M, McKay R, Tsao CY, Wu HC, Vora G, Payne GF, Stratis-Cullum DN, Bentley WE. Bioelectronic control of a microbial community using surface-assembled electrogenetic cells to route signals. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:688-697. [PMID: 33782589 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed a bioelectronic communication system that is enabled by a redox signal transduction modality to exchange information between a living cell-embedded bioelectronics interface and an engineered microbial network. A naturally communicating three-member microbial network is 'plugged into' an external electronic system that interrogates and controls biological function in real time. First, electrode-generated redox molecules are programmed to activate gene expression in an engineered population of electrode-attached bacterial cells, effectively creating a living transducer electrode. These cells interpret and translate electronic signals and then transmit this information biologically by producing quorum sensing molecules that are, in turn, interpreted by a planktonic coculture. The propagated molecular communication drives expression and secretion of a therapeutic peptide from one strain and simultaneously enables direct electronic feedback from the second strain, thus enabling real-time electronic verification of biological signal propagation. Overall, we show how this multifunctional bioelectronic platform, termed a BioLAN, reliably facilitates on-demand bioelectronic communication and concurrently performs programmed tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Terrell
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)-Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Tanya Tschirhart
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Justin P Jahnke
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)-Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Kristina Stephens
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hong Dong
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)-Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Margaret M Hurley
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)-Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, MD, USA
| | - Maria Pozo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ryan McKay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chen Yu Tsao
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Wu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Gary Vora
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dimitra N Stratis-Cullum
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)-Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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25
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Yang C, Huang X, Li X, Yang C, Zhang T, Wu Q, liu D, Lin H, Chen W, Hu N, Xie X. Wearable and Implantable Intraocular Pressure Biosensors: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002971. [PMID: 33747725 PMCID: PMC7967055 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors worn on or implanted in eyes have been garnering substantial attention since being proven to be an effective means to acquire critical biomarkers for monitoring the states of ophthalmic disease, diabetes. Among these disorders, glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness globally, usually results in irreversible blindness. Continuous intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring is considered as an effective measure, which provides a comprehensive view of IOP changes that is beyond reach for the "snapshots" measurements by clinical tonometry. However, to satisfy the applications in ophthalmology, the development of IOP sensors are required to be prepared with biocompatible, miniature, transparent, wireless and battery-free features, which are still challenging with many current fabrication processes. In this work, the recent advances in this field are reviewed by categorizing these devices into wearable and implantable IOP sensors. The materials and structures exploited for engineering these IOP devices are presented. Additionally, their working principle, performance, and the potential risk that materials and device architectures may pose to ocular tissue are discussed. This review should be valuable for preferable structure design, device fabrication, performance optimization, and reducing potential risk of these devices. It is significant for the development of future practical IOP sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Xinshuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Xiangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Chengduan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Qianni Wu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510060China
| | - Dong liu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510060China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510060China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510060China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510060China
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26
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Rivera-Tarazona LK, Campbell ZT, Ware TH. Stimuli-responsive engineered living materials. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:785-809. [PMID: 33410841 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials are able to undergo controllable changes in materials properties in response to external cues. Increasing efforts have been directed towards building materials that mimic the responsive nature of biological systems. Nevertheless, limitations remain surrounding the way these synthetic materials interact and respond to their environment. In particular, it is difficult to synthesize synthetic materials that respond with specificity to poorly differentiated (bio)chemical and weak physical stimuli. The emerging area of engineered living materials (ELMs) includes composites that combine living cells and synthetic materials. ELMs have yielded promising advances in the creation of stimuli-responsive materials that respond with diverse outputs in response to a broad array of biochemical and physical stimuli. This review describes advances made in the genetic engineering of the living component and the processing-property relationships of stimuli-responsive ELMs. Finally, the implementation of stimuli-responsive ELMs as environmental sensors, biomedical sensors, drug delivery vehicles, and soft robots is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Rivera-Tarazona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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27
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Liao CH, Cheng CT, Chen CC, Jow UM, Chen CH, Lai YL, Chen YC, Ho DR. An Ingestible Electronics for Continuous and Real-Time Intraabdominal Pressure Monitoring. J Pers Med 2020; 11:12. [PMID: 33374271 PMCID: PMC7823632 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal compartment syndrome can be treated through decompressive surgery if intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) can be detected in time. Treatment delays due to manual, conventional intravesical pressure (IVP) monitoring using a Foley catheter have been reported. In this work, we present an innovative gastrointestinal intraluminal pressure (GIP) measurement-based method to monitor and improve pressure-guided relief of intraabdominal pressure (IAP). A novel algorithm for detecting IAH in the gastrointestinal tract of a live porcine model is reported. A wireless pressure-sensing capsule (10 × 13 mm) was developed for absolute measurement. The IAP was estimated during artificial pneumoperitoneum. The pressure waveform-based measurements indicated that the wireless pressure sensor could be used to predict IAP. To enhance GIP monitoring for predicting IAH, the proposed continuous ingestible wireless electronics-based pressure waveform measurement device can be used as a complement to existing modalities. The use of the proposed pressure measurement and communication technology can help provide valuable data for digital health platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Liao
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-T.C.); (U.-M.J.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-T.C.); (U.-M.J.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Chih-Chi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan;
| | - Uei-Ming Jow
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-T.C.); (U.-M.J.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Chun-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Liang Lai
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-T.C.); (U.-M.J.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ya-Chuan Chen
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-T.C.); (U.-M.J.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Dong-Ru Ho
- Department of Urology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan
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28
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Rajan TS, Read TL, Abdalla A, Patel BA, Macpherson JV. Ex Vivo Electrochemical pH Mapping of the Gastrointestinal Tract in the Absence and Presence of Pharmacological Agents. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2858-2865. [PMID: 32633120 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo pH profiling of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract (of a mouse), using an electrochemical pH probe, in both the absence and presence of pharmacological agents aimed at altering acid/bicarbonate production, is reported. Three pH electrodes were first assessed for suitability using a GI tract biological mimic buffer solution containing 0.5% mucin. These include a traditional glass pH probe, an iridium oxide (IrOx)-coated electrode (both operated potentiometrically), and a quinone (Q) surface-integrated boron-doped diamond (BDD-Q) electrode (voltammetric). In mucin, the time scale for both IrOx and glass to provide a representative pH reading was in the ∼100's of s, most likely due to mucin adsorption, in contrast to 6 s with the BDD-Q electrode. Both the glass and IrOx pH electrodes were also compromised on robustness due to fragility and delamination (IrOx) issues; contact with the GI tissue was an experimental requirement. BDD-Q was deemed the most appropriate. Ten measurements were made along the GI tract, esophagus (1), stomach (5), and duodenum (4). Under buffer only conditions, the BDD-Q probe tracked the pH from neutral in the esophagus to acidic in the stomach and rising to more alkaline in the duodenum. In the presence of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, the body regions of the stomach exhibited elevated pH levels. Under melatonin treatment (a bicarbonate agonist and acid inhibitor), both the body of the stomach and the duodenum showed elevated pH levels. This study demonstrates the versatility of the BDD-Q pH electrode for real-time ex vivo biological tissue measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena S. Rajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Diamond Science and Technology CDT, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Tania L. Read
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Aya Abdalla
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, U.K
| | - Bhavik A. Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, U.K
| | - Julie V. Macpherson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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29
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Yao J, Qiang W, Wei H, Xu Y, Wang B, Zheng Y, Wang X, Miao Z, Wang L, Wang S, Yang X. Ultrathin and Robust Micro-Nano Composite Coating for Implantable Pressure Sensor Encapsulation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23129-23139. [PMID: 32954163 PMCID: PMC7495720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Implantable pressure sensors enable more accurate disease diagnosis and real-time monitoring. Their widescale usage is dependent on a reliable encapsulation to protect them from corrosion of body fluids, yet not increasing their sizes or impairing their sensing functions during their lifespans. To realize the above requirements, an ultrathin, flexible, waterproof while robust micro-nano composite coating for encapsulation of an implantable pressure sensor is designed. The composite coating is composed of a nanolayer of silane-coupled molecules and a microlayer of parylene polymers. The mechanism and principle of the composite encapsulation coating with high adhesion are elucidated. Experimental results show that the error of the sensors after encapsulation is less than 2 mmHg, after working continuously for equivalently over 434 days in a simulated body fluid environment. The effects of the coating thickness on the waterproof time and the error of the sensor are also studied. The encapsulated sensor is implanted in an isolated porcine eye and a living rabbit eye, exhibiting excellent performances. Therefore, the micro-nano composite encapsulation coating would have an appealing application in micro-nano-device protections, especially for implantable biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Yao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjiang Qiang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wei
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- School
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yushuang Zheng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xizi Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zequn Miao
- Center
of Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lejin Wang
- Center
of Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xing Yang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic
of China
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30
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VanArsdale E, Pitzer J, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Redox Electrochemistry to Interrogate and Control Biomolecular Communication. iScience 2020; 23:101545. [PMID: 33083771 PMCID: PMC7516135 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells often communicate by the secretion, transport, and perception of molecules. Information conveyed by molecules is encoded, transmitted, and decoded by cells within the context of the prevailing microenvironments. Conversely, in electronics, transmission reliability and message validation are predictable, robust, and less context dependent. In turn, many transformative advances have resulted by the formal consideration of information transfer. One way to explore this potential for biological systems is to create bio-device interfaces that facilitate bidirectional information transfer between biology and electronics. Redox reactions enable this linkage because reduction and oxidation mediate communication within biology and can be coupled with electronics. By manipulating redox reactions, one is able to combine the programmable features of electronics with the ability to interrogate and modulate biological function. In this review, we examine methods to electrochemically interrogate the various components of molecular communication using redox chemistry and to electronically control cell communication using redox electrogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric VanArsdale
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, Room 5102, A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Juliana Pitzer
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, Room 5102, A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, Room 5102, A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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31
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Banis GE, Beardslee LA, Stine JM, Sathyam RM, Ghodssi R. Capacitive sensing of triglyceride film reactions: a proof-of-concept demonstration for sensing in simulated duodenal contents with gastrointestinal targeting capsule system. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2020-2032. [PMID: 32391526 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ingestible capsule systems continue to evolve to overcome drawbacks associated with traditional gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic and therapeutic processes, such as limitations on which sections of the GI tract can be accessed or the inability to measure local biomarker concentrations. We report an integrated capsule sensing system, utilizing a hybrid packaging scheme coupled with triglyceride film-coated capacitive sensors, for measuring biochemical species present in the duodenum, such as pancreatic lipase and bile acids. The system uses microfabricated capacitive sensors interfaced with a Bluetooth low-energy (BLE)-microcontroller, allowing wireless connectivity to a mobile app. The triglyceride films insulate the sensor surface and react either with 0.01-1 mM lipase via hydrolysis or 0.07-7% w/v bile acids via emulsification in simulated fluids, leading to measurable changes in capacitance. Cross reactivity of the triglyceride films is evaluated in both phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as well as pancreatic trypsin solutions. The film morphology is observed after exposure to each stimulus to better understand how these changes alter the sensor capacitance. The capsule utilizes a 3D-printed package coated with polymers that remain intact in acid solution (mimicking gastric conditions), then dissolve at a duodenum-mimicking neutral pH for triggered opening of the sensing chamber from which we can subsequently detect the presence of pancreatic lipase. This device strategy represents a significant step towards using embedded packaging and triglyceride-based materials to target specific regions of the GI tract and sensing biochemical contents for evaluating gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Banis
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, USA
| | | | - Justin M Stine
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rajendra Mayavan Sathyam
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, USA and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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