1
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Treebupachatsakul T, Shinnakerdchoke S, Pechprasarn S. Sensing Mechanisms of Rough Plasmonic Surfaces for Protein Binding of Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3377. [PMID: 37050437 PMCID: PMC10098771 DOI: 10.3390/s23073377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been utilized in various optical applications, including biosensors. The SPR-based sensor is a gold standard for protein kinetic measurement due to its ultrasensitivity on the plasmonic metal surface. However, a slight change in the surface morphology, such as roughness or pattern, can significantly impact its performance. This study proposes a theoretical framework to explain sensing mechanisms and quantify sensing performance parameters of angular surface plasmon resonance detection for binding kinetic sensing at different levels of surface roughness. The theoretical investigation utilized two models, a protein layer coating on a rough plasmonic surface with and without sidewall coatings. The two models enable us to separate and quantify the enhancement factors due to the localized surface plasmon polaritons at sharp edges of the rough surfaces and the increased surface area for protein binding due to roughness. The Gaussian random surface technique was employed to create rough metal surfaces. Reflectance spectra and quantitative performance parameters were simulated and quantified using rigorous coupled-wave analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. These parameters include sensitivity, plasmonic dip position, intensity contrast, full width at half maximum, plasmonic angle, and figure of merit. Roughness can significantly impact the intensity measurement of binding kinetics, positively or negatively, depending on the roughness levels. Due to the increased scattering loss, a tradeoff between sensitivity and increased roughness leads to a widened plasmonic reflectance dip. Some roughness profiles can give a negative and enhanced sensitivity without broadening the SPR spectra. We also discuss how the improved sensitivity of rough surfaces is predominantly due to the localized surface wave, not the increased density of the binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treesukon Treebupachatsakul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Siratchakrit Shinnakerdchoke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Suejit Pechprasarn
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
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2
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Chen Z, Wang Z, Wang J, Chen S, Zhang B, Li Y, Yuan L, Duan Y. Analysis of the Effect of Graphene, Metal, and Metal Oxide Transparent Electrodes on the Performance of Organic Optoelectronic Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:25. [PMID: 36615935 PMCID: PMC9824898 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes (TEs) are important components in organic optoelectronic devices. ITO is the mostly applied TE material, which is costly and inferior in mechanical performance, and could not satisfy the versatile need for the next generation of transparent optoelectronic devices. Recently, many new TE materials emerged to try to overcome the deficiency of ITO, including graphene, ultrathin metal, and oxide-metal-oxide structure. By finely control of the fabrication techniques, the main properties of conductivity, transmittance, and mechanical stability, have been studied in the literatures, and their applicability in the potential optoelectronic devices has been reported. Herein, in this work, we summarized the recent progress of the TE materials applied in optoelectronic devices by focusing on the fabrication, properties, such as Graphene, ultra-thin metal film, and metal oxide and performance. The advantages and insufficiencies of these materials as TEs have been summarized and the future development aspects have been pointed out to guide the design and fabrication TE materials in the next generation of transparent optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Chen
- College of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130013, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- College of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130013, China
| | - Shuming Chen
- College of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130013, China
| | - Buyue Zhang
- College of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130013, China
| | - Ye Li
- College of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130013, China
| | - Long Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Yu Duan
- College of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130013, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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3
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Le Thi HY, Ngo TD, Phan NAN, Yoo WJ, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Aoki N, Bird JP, Kim GH. Self-Forming p-n Junction Diode Realized with WSe 2 Surface and Edge Dual Contacts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204547. [PMID: 36216594 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their practical applications, two-dimensional semiconductor p-n diodes have attracted enormous attention. Over the past decade, various methods, such as chemical doping, heterojunction structures, and metallization using metals with different work functions, have been reported for fabrication of such devices. In this study, a lateral p-n junction diode is formed in tungsten diselenide (WSe2 ) using a combination of edge and surface contacts. The appearance of amorphous tungsten oxide at etched WSe2 , and the formation of a junction near the edge contact, are verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The device demonstrates high on/off ratio for both the edge and surface contacts, with respective values of 107 and 108 . The diode can achieve extremely high mobility of up to 168 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a rectification ratio of 103 . The ideality factor is 1.11 at a back gate voltage VG = 60 V at 300 K. The devices with encapsulation of hexagonal boron nitride exhibit good stability to atmospheric exposure, over a measured period of 2 months. In addition, the architecture of the contacts, which is based on a single-channel device, should be advantageous for the implementation of more complicated applications such as inverters, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yen Le Thi
- Samsung-SKKU Graphene Centre, Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Dat Ngo
- Samsung-SKKU Graphene Centre, Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nhat Anh Nguyen Phan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- Samsung-SKKU Graphene Centre, Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Material Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Aoki
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Bird
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Gil-Ho Kim
- Samsung-SKKU Graphene Centre, Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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4
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Liang S, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. State of the art of ultra-thin gold layers: formation fundamentals and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2533-2560. [PMID: 36132287 PMCID: PMC9418724 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of ultra-thin gold (Au) layers (UTGLs) has been regarded as the key technique to achieve applications with tunable optical response, flexible sensors and electronic devices. Various strategies have been developed to optimize the wetting process of Au, resulting in the formation of UTGLs at a minimum thickness. The related studies on UTGLs attracted huge attention in recent years. On the one hand, the growth processes of UTGLs on different substrates were in-depth probed by advanced in situ characterization techniques and the effects of optimization strategies on the growth of UTGLs were also revealed. On the other hand, based on the understanding of the growth behavior and the assistance of optimization strategies, various applications of UTGLs were realized based on optical/plasmon responses, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and as electrodes for various sensors and electronic devices, as well as being seed layers for thin film growth. In this focused review, both the fundamental and practical studies on UTGLs in the most recent years are elaborated in detail. The growth processes of UTGLs revealed by in situ characterization techniques, such as grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), as well as the state of the art of UTGL-based applications, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhe Liang
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department James-Franck-Str 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | | | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department James-Franck-Str 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr 85748 Garching Germany
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5
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Zotti LA, O'Regan DD. Adhesion of thin metallic layers on Au surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:275001. [PMID: 35439752 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We carried out first-principles density-functional theory calculations to study the work of separation for five different metal-metal interfaces, each of them comprising thin layers of selected metals (Cr, W, Ta, Al or Ti) lying on top of Au surfaces. We found that the highest work of separation is obtained for one-atom-thick layers. Increasing the number of atomic layers leads the work of separation to oscillate with the thickness, and ultimately tend to a limiting value for a large number of layers. Interestingly, for most cases the lowest work of separation is obtained for two-atom layers. We find that this behaviour is mirrored by the quantity of charge transferred between the two metals on the one hand, and their spatial distance on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Zotti
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David D O'Regan
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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6
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A New Approach to the Formation of Nanosized Gold and Beryllium Films by Ion-Beam Sputtering Deposition. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030470. [PMID: 35159815 PMCID: PMC8840201 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of beryllium and gold that are several tens of nanometers thick were obtained, for the first time, on silicon and quartz substrates by the ion-beam method with tenfold alternation of deposition and partial sputtering of the nanosized metal layer. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy indicate the predominant lateral growth of nanosized metal layers along the substrate surface. Optical spectra indicate the suppression of the localized plasmon resonance. The growth of the film occurs under the influence of the high-energy component of the sputtered metal atoms’ flux. The main role in the formation of the nanosized metal film is played by the processes of the elastic collision of incident metal atoms with the atoms of a substrate and a growing metal film. Metal films that are obtained by the tenfold application of the deposition–sputtering of a nanoscale metal layer are characterized by stronger adhesion to the substrate and have better morphological, electrical, and optical characteristics than those that are obtained by means of direct single deposition.
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7
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Shao W, Liu T. Planar narrowband Tamm plasmon-based hot-electron photodetectors with double distributed Bragg reflectors. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ac396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hot-electron photodetectors (HE PDs) are attracting a great deal of attention from plasmonic community. Many efficient HE PDs with various plasmonic nanostructures have been demonstrated, but their preparations usually rely on complicated and costly fabrication techniques. Planar HE PDs are viewed as potential candidates of cost-effective and large-area applications, but they likely fail in the simultaneous achievement of outstanding optical absorption and hot-electron collection. To reconcile the contradiction between optical and electrical requirements, herein, we propose a planar HE PD based on optical Tamm plasmons (TPs) consisted of an ultrathin gold film (10 nm) sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). Simulated results show that strong optical absorption (>0.95) in the ultrathin Au film is realized. Electrical calculations show that the predicted peak photo-responsivity of proposed HE PD with double DBRs is over two times larger than that of conventional single-DBR HE PD. Moreover, the planar dual-DBR HE PDs exhibit a narrowband photodetection functionality and sustained performance under oblique incidences. The optical nature associated with TP resonance is elaborated.
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8
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Martínez-Cercós D, Paulillo B, Maniyara RA, Rezikyan A, Bhattacharyya I, Mazumder P, Pruneri V. Ultrathin Metals on a Transparent Seed and Application to Infrared Reflectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:46990-46997. [PMID: 34516098 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin metal films (UTMFs) are widely used in optoelectronic applications, from transparent conductors to photovoltaic cells, low emissivity windows, and plasmonic metasurfaces. During the initial deposition phase, many metals tend to form islands on the receiving substrate rather than a physically connected (percolated) network, which eventually evolves into continuous films as the thickness increases. For example, in the case of Ag and Au on dielectric surfaces, percolation begins when the thickness of the metal film is at least about 5 nm. It is known that the type of growth can be changed when a proper seed layer is used. Here, we show that a CuO layer directly deposited on a substrate can dramatically influence surface wetting and promote early percolation of polycrystalline Ag and Au UTMFs. We demonstrate that the proposed seed is effective even when its thickness is sub-nanometric, in this way maintaining the full transparency of the receiving substrate. The Ag and Au films seeded with CuO showed a percolation thickness close to 1 nm and were morphologically and optically characterized from an ultraviolet (λ = 300 nm) to a midinfrared (λ = 15 μm) wavelength. Infrared reflectors, a mirror and a resonant plasmonic structure, were also demonstrated and uniquely tuned by electrical gating, this being possible owing to the small thickness of the constituting Au UTMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martínez-Cercós
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paulillo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rinu Abraham Maniyara
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aram Rezikyan
- Corning Research and Development Corporation, Sullivan Park, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| | - Indrani Bhattacharyya
- Corning Research and Development Corporation, Sullivan Park, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| | - Prantik Mazumder
- Corning Research and Development Corporation, Sullivan Park, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| | - Valerio Pruneri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Treebupachatsakul T, Shinnakerdchoke S, Pechprasarn S. Analysis of Effects of Surface Roughness on Sensing Performance of Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection for Refractive Index Sensing Application. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21186164. [PMID: 34577371 PMCID: PMC8473353 DOI: 10.3390/s21186164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a theoretical framework to analyze and quantify roughness effects on sensing performance parameters of surface plasmon resonance measurements. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis and the Monte Carlo method were applied to compute plasmonic reflectance spectra for different surface roughness profiles. The rough surfaces were generated using the low pass frequency filtering method. Different coating and surface treatments and their reported root-mean-square roughness in the literature were extracted and investigated in this study to calculate the refractive index sensing performance parameters, including sensitivity, full width at half maximum, plasmonic dip intensity, plasmonic dip position, and figure of merit. Here, we propose a figure-of-merit equation considering optical intensity contrast and signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed figure-of-merit equation could predict a similar refractive index sensing performance compared to experimental results reported in the literature. The surface roughness height strongly affected all the performance parameters, resulting in a degraded figure of merit for surface plasmon resonance measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treesukon Treebupachatsakul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; (T.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Siratchakrit Shinnakerdchoke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; (T.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Suejit Pechprasarn
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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10
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Hassan M, Laureti S, Rinaldi C, Fagiani F, Varotto S, Barucca G, Schmidt NY, Varvaro G, Albrecht M. Perpendicularly magnetized Co/Pd-based magneto-resistive heterostructures on flexible substrates. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3076-3084. [PMID: 36133649 PMCID: PMC9418425 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible magneto-resistive heterostructures have received a great deal of attention over the past few years as they allow for new product paradigms that are not possible with conventional rigid substrates. While the progress and development of systems with longitudinal magnetic anisotropy on non-planar substrates has been remarkable, flexible magneto-resistive heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have never been studied despite the possibility to obtain additional functionality and improved performance. To fill this gap, flexible PMA Co/Pd-based giant magneto-resistive (GMR) spin-valve stacks were prepared by using an innovative transfer-and-bonding strategy exploiting the low adhesion of a gold underlayer to SiO x /Si(100) substrates. The approach allows overcoming the limits of the direct deposition on commonly used polymer substrates, whose high surface roughness and low melting temperature could hinder the growth of complex heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The obtained PMA flexible spin-valves show a sizeable GMR ratio (∼1.5%), which is not affected by the transfer process, and a high robustness against bending as indicated by the slight change of the magneto-resistive properties upon bending, thus allowing for their integration on curved surfaces and the development of a novel class of advanced devices based on flexible magneto-resistive structures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Besides endowing the family of flexible electronics with PMA magneto-resistive heterostructures, the exploitation of the results might apply to high temperature growth processes and to the fabrication of other functional and flexible multilayer materials engineered at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hassan
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, nM2-Lab Via Salaria km 29.300 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma) 00015 Italy
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Dipartimento SIMAU Via Brecce Bianche Ancona 60131 Italy
| | - S Laureti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, nM2-Lab Via Salaria km 29.300 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma) 00015 Italy
| | - C Rinaldi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Physics and IFN-CNR via G. Colombo 81 20133 Milano Italy
| | - F Fagiani
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Physics and IFN-CNR via G. Colombo 81 20133 Milano Italy
| | - S Varotto
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Physics and IFN-CNR via G. Colombo 81 20133 Milano Italy
| | - G Barucca
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Dipartimento SIMAU Via Brecce Bianche Ancona 60131 Italy
| | - N Y Schmidt
- University of Augsburg, Institute of Physics Universitätsstraße 1 Nord D-86159 Augsburg Germany
| | - G Varvaro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, nM2-Lab Via Salaria km 29.300 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma) 00015 Italy
| | - M Albrecht
- University of Augsburg, Institute of Physics Universitätsstraße 1 Nord D-86159 Augsburg Germany
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11
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He X, Cao Q, Pan J, Yang L, He S. Patterned few nanometer-thick silver films with high optical transparency and high electrical conductivity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11481-11489. [PMID: 35423615 PMCID: PMC8695985 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are experimentally demonstrated using patterned few nanometer-thick silver films on zinc oxide-coated rigid and flexible substrates. The grid lines are completely continuous, but only 8.4 nm thick. This is the thinnest metallic grid we are aware of. Owing to the high transparency of both the grid lines and spacing, our TCE with an opening ratio (OR) as small as 36% achieves an average optical transmittance up to ∼90% in the visible regime, breaking the optical limits of both the unpatterned film counterpart and the thick grid counterpart (whose optical transmittance is determined by the OR). The small OR enables a low sheet resistance of ∼21.5 Ω sq−1. The figure of merit up to ∼17 kΩ−1 is superior to those of the unpatterned film counterpart, our fabricated 180 nm thick ITO, as well as most reported thick metal grid TCEs. Our ultrathin TCE, firmly attached to the substrate, is mechanically more flexible and more stable than the film counterpart and ITO. As a flexible transparent film heater, it achieves comparable or even superior heating performances with previously-reported heaters and performs well in a thermochromic test. Patterned few nanometers thick silver films with high optical transparency, electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility and stability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Qijie Cao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jing Pan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Liu Yang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China .,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University Ningbo 315100 China
| | - Sailing He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China .,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University Ningbo 315100 China.,JORCEP, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) S-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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12
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Detisch MJ, John Balk T, Bezold M, Bhattacharyya D. Nanoporous metal-polymer composite membranes for organics separations and catalysis. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2020; 35:2629-2642. [PMID: 37539433 PMCID: PMC10399685 DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2020.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Metallic thin-film composite membranes are produced by sputtering metal films onto commercial polymer membranes. The separations capability of the membrane substrate is enhanced with the addition of a 10 nm Ta film. The addition of a tantalum layer decreases the molecular weight cutoff of the membrane from 70 kDa dextran (19 nm) to below 5 kDa (6 nm). Water flux drops from 168 LMH/bar (LMH: liters/meters2/hour) (polymer support) to 8.8 LMH/bar (Ta composite). A nanoporous layer is also added to the surface through Mg/Pd film deposition and dealloying. The resulting nanoporous Pd is a promising catalyst with a ligament size of 4.1 ± 0.9 nm. The composite membrane's ability to treat water contaminated with chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) is determined. When pressurized with hydrogen gas, the nanoporous Pd composite removes over 70% of PCB-1, a model COC, with one pass. These nanostructured films can be incorporated onto membrane supports enabling diverse reactions and separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Detisch
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Thomas John Balk
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Mariah Bezold
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
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13
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Bhattarai JK, Neupane D, Nepal B, Alharthi MD, Demchenko AV, Stine KJ. Adhesion layer-free attachment of gold on silicon wafer and its application in localized surface plasmon resonance-based biosensing. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2020; 312:112155. [PMID: 32647405 PMCID: PMC7347289 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2020.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of a metallic adhesion layer between plasmonic-active nanostructures and a solid supported is known to dampen the plasmonic response. To overcome this problem, organic adhesion layers have been introduced, which in turn can undermine the stability of the film. Moreover, both types of layers limit the regeneration of the nanostructures for multiple uses. Here we report a quick and simple approach to prepare intermediate adhesion layer-free binding of nanostructured films of gold on silicon wafers. The approach involves scratching and etching of the silicon wafer before sputter coating with a thin layer of Au. The plasmonic-active nanostructures were then prepared on this thin Au film using electrochemical deposition. As-prepared plasmonic-active nanostructured thin films of gold (PANTF-Au) are easy to handle, physically robust, and can be regenerated. The bulk refractive index sensitivity of PANTF-Au is 150 nm/RIU with the figure of merit 1.4, and with a plasmonic field-decay length of 27 nm. We further used these thin films to study interactions between lectin and glycoprotein inside a flow cell as well as on a microplate made of PANTF-Au. The PANTF-Au can be easily integrated with electrochemical devices and microfluidics, which can help to pave the way toward the development of ideal optical-electrochemical point-of-care biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay K. Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Dharmendra Neupane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Bishal Nepal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | | | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
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14
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Goetz S, Bauch M, Dimopoulos T, Trassl S. Ultrathin sputter-deposited plasmonic silver nanostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:869-877. [PMID: 36133228 PMCID: PMC9418784 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00762h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultrathin silver plasmonic nanostructures are fabricated by sputter deposition on substrates patterned by nanoimprint lithography, without additional lift-off processes. Detailed investigation of silver growth on different substrates results in a structured, defect-free silver film with thickness down to 6 nm, deposited on a thin layer of doped zinc oxide. Variation of the aspect ratio of the nanostructure reduces grain formation at the flanks, allowing for well-separated disk and hole arrays, even though conventional magnetron sputtering is less directional than evaporation. The resulting disk-hole array features high average transmittance in the visible range of 71% and a strong plasmonic dipole resonance in the near-infrared region. It is shown that the ultrathin Ag film exhibits even lower optical losses in the NIR range compared to known bulk optical properties. The presented FDTD simulations agree well with experimental spectra and show that for defect-free, ultrathin Ag nanostructures, bulk optical properties of Ag are sufficient for a reliable simulation-based design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Goetz
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Photovoltaic Systems Giefinggasse 4 1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Bauch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Photovoltaic Systems Giefinggasse 4 1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Theodoros Dimopoulos
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Photovoltaic Systems Giefinggasse 4 1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Stephan Trassl
- HUECK FOLIEN GmbH Gewerbepark 30 4342 Baumgartenberg Austria
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15
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Sukham J, Takayama O, Mahmoodi M, Sychev S, Bogdanov A, Tavassoli SH, Lavrinenko AV, Malureanu R. Investigation of effective media applicability for ultrathin multilayer structures. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12582-12588. [PMID: 31231735 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02471a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) are highly anisotropic media consisting of alternating metal and dielectric layers with their electromagnetic properties defined by the effective medium approximation (EMA). EMA is generally applied for a large number of subwavelength unit cells or periods of a multilayer HMM. However, in practice, the number of periods is limited. To the best of our knowledge, a comparison between rigorous theory, EMA and experiments to investigate the minimum number of layers that allow for the low error of EMA results has not yet been investigated. In this article, we compared the reflectance response of the effective anisotropic HMMs predicted by the scattering matrix method (SMM) and EMA with optical characterization data, having the unit cell twenty times smaller than the vacuum wavelength in the visible range. The fabricated HMM structures consist of up to ten periods of alternating 10 nm thick Au and Al2O3 layers deposited by sputtering and atomic layer deposition, respectively. The two deposition techniques enable us to achieve a high quality HMM with low roughness: the root mean square (RMS) is less than 1 nm. We showed that the multilayer structure behaves like an effective medium from the fourth period onwards as the EMA calculation and experimental results agree well having below 4% mean square standard deviation of reflectance (MSDR) for the wavelength range from 500 to 1750 nm with a wide incident angle range. These results could have an impact on the design and development of active metamaterials and their applications ranging from imaging to nonlinear optics and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johneph Sukham
- Technical University of Denmark, Dept. of Photonics Engineering, Ørsteds plads, bldg. 345 V, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Osamu Takayama
- Technical University of Denmark, Dept. of Photonics Engineering, Ørsteds plads, bldg. 345 V, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Maryam Mahmoodi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stanislav Sychev
- Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 197101, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Bogdanov
- Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 197101, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrei V Lavrinenko
- Technical University of Denmark, Dept. of Photonics Engineering, Ørsteds plads, bldg. 345 V, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Radu Malureanu
- Technical University of Denmark, Dept. of Photonics Engineering, Ørsteds plads, bldg. 345 V, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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16
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Bauch M, Dimopoulos T, Trassl S. Nanostructured, ultrathin silver-based transparent electrode with broadband near-infrared plasmonic resonance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:265201. [PMID: 30840928 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0d39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A nanostructured transparent electrode with high average visible transmittance of 76%, low sheet resistance of 7.0 Ω/sq and steep transmittance drop in the near-infrared (NIR) range is investigated by simulations and experiments. The electrode is composed of a nanostructured substrate, on which a trilayer, consisting of an ultrathin 14 nm thick silver film embedded between thin films of TiO2 and Al-doped ZnO, is deposited. Directional silver deposition results in the formation of a disk-hole array without additional lift-off or etching steps. While the trilayer approach enables increased visible transmittance, the transmittance in the NIR regime is decreased by a broadband plasmonic dipole excitation in the disk-hole array. Moreover, a rich mode spectrum of weaker multipole surface plasmon excitations is observed in the nanodisk- and nanohole array. The presented electrode holds great potential for applications in optoelectronic devices, solar control coatings and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bauch
- Photovoltaic Systems, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 4, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Le-The H, Tiggelaar RM, Berenschot E, van den Berg A, Tas N, Eijkel JCT. Postdeposition UV-Ozone Treatment: An Enabling Technique to Enhance the Direct Adhesion of Gold Thin Films to Oxidized Silicon. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6782-6789. [PMID: 31189059 PMCID: PMC6595434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We found that continuous films of gold (Au) on oxidized silicon (SiO2) substrates, upon treatment with ultraviolet (UV)-ozone, exhibit strong adhesion to the SiO2 support. Importantly, the enhancement is independent of micro- or nanostructuring of such nanometer-thick films. Deposition of a second Au layer on top of the pretreated Au layer makes the adhesion stable for at least 5 months in environmental air. Using this treatment method enables us to large-scale fabricate various SiO2-supported Au structures at various thicknesses with dimensions spanning from a few hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers, without the use of additional adhesion layers. We explain the observed adhesion improvement as polarization-induced increased strength of Auδ-Siδ+ bonds at the Au-SiO2 interface due to the formation of a gold oxide monolayer on the Au surface by the UV-ozone treatment. Our simple and enabling method thus provides opportunities for patterning Au micro/nanostructures on SiO2 substrates without an intermediate metallic adhesion layer, which is critical for biosensing and nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le-The
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roald M. Tiggelaar
- NanoLab
Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute, University of
Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Berenschot
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Tas
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. T. Eijkel
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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18
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Ciesielski A, Skowronski L, Trzcinski M, Górecka E, Pacuski W, Szoplik T. Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:238-246. [PMID: 30746317 PMCID: PMC6350888 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanolayers on flat substrates are often deposited with the use of semiconductor interlayers, which may strongly interact with the noble metal overlayer. We investigated the crystallinity, atomic concentration profile and optical parameters of ≈35 nm-thick silver and gold layers deposited on glass substrates with 2 nm-thick tellurium or selenium interlayers. Our study, based on X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ellipsometric measurements, showed that using either of these interlayers introduces strain in nanocrystals of both plasmonic films. This, in turn, influences the migration of Se and Te into the metal layers. Selenium atoms migrate both in the silver and gold nanolayers, while tellurium atoms migrate only in silver. The Te concentration curve clearly suggests that this migration is an effect of the segregation of Te atoms in the silver structure. The differences in crystallinity, as well as the migration process, strongly influence the optical parameters of Ag and Au. In the permittivity of Ag deposited on either Te or Se, additional plasmonic bands originating from grain boundary segregation or diffusion occur, while for the Au layer, such resonances were not pronounced. In the permittivity of both materials, the intensity of the interband transition peaks is strongly altered, possibly due to the nano-alloy formation, but more likely due to the microstrain on metal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Ciesielski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Pasteura 5 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skowronski
- UTP University of Science and Technology, Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Kaliskiego 7 Str., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Trzcinski
- UTP University of Science and Technology, Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Kaliskiego 7 Str., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Górecka
- University of Warsaw, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pacuski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Pasteura 5 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szoplik
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Pasteura 5 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Shao W, Yang Q, Zhang C, Wu S, Li X. Planar dual-cavity hot-electron photodetectors. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1396-1402. [PMID: 30604808 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05369c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hot-electron photodetectors (HE PDs) are attracting increasing interests. However, the nanostructured HE PDs are fabricated via complicated and costly techniques, while the planar counterparts can hardly achieve outstanding photon absorption and hot-electron collection simultaneously. To address the incompatibility in optical and electrical domains, herein, we propose an HE PD based on planar dual cavities (i.e., DC-HE PD) one each for photon absorption and triple Schottky junctions for carrier collection. Optoelectronic simulation demonstrates that the resonant wavelength and the absorption efficiency of the device can be manipulated conveniently by tailoring the planar thickness. Compared with the single-cavity system, the absorption efficiency of the DC-HE PD with the multi-junction configuration doubled (∼100%) and the responsivity tripled (∼2 mA W-1). The high-performance optoelectronic responses are shown to be sustained over a wide range of incident angles. The detailed physical property, namely, the coupled-cavity nature and the detailed analysis of the hot electron dynamics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Shao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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20
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Yakubovsky DI, Arsenin AV, Stebunov YV, Fedyanin DY, Volkov VS. Optical constants and structural properties of thin gold films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:25574-25587. [PMID: 29041223 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.025574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a comprehensive experimental study of optical and electrical properties of thin polycrystalline gold films in a wide range of film thicknesses (from 20 to 200 nm). Our experimental results are supported by theoretical calculations based on the measured morphology of the fabricated gold films. We demonstrate that the dielectric function of the metal is determined by its structural morphology. Although the fabrication process can be absolutely the same for different films, the dielectric function can strongly depend on the film thickness. Our studies show that the imaginary part of the dielectric function of gold, which is responsible for optical losses, rapidly increases as the film thickness decreases for thicknesses below 80 nm. At the same time, we do not observe a noticeable dependence of optical constants on the film thickness for thicker samples. These findings establish design rules for thin-film plasmonic and nanophotonic devices.
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21
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Sukham J, Takayama O, Lavrinenko AV, Malureanu R. High-Quality Ultrathin Gold Layers with an APTMS Adhesion for Optimal Performance of Surface Plasmon Polariton-Based Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25049-25056. [PMID: 28682054 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A low-absorption adhesion layer plays a crucial role for both localized and propagating surface plasmons when ultrathin gold is used. To date, the most popular adhesion layers are metallic, namely, Cr and Ti. However, to the best of our knowledge, the influence of these adhesion layers on the behavior of propagating plasmon modes has not been thoroughly investigated nor reported in the literature. It is therefore important to study the effect of these few- to several-nanometers-thick adhesion layers on the propagating plasmons because it may affect the performance of plasmonic devices, in particular, when the Au layer is not much thicker than the adhesion layers. We experimentally compared the performances of the ultrathin gold films to show the pivotal influence of adhesion layers on highly confined propagating plasmonic modes, using Cr and 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) adhesion layers and without any adhesion layer. We show that the gold films with the APTMS adhesion layer have the lowest surface roughness and the short-range surface plasmon polaritons supported on the Au surface exhibit properties close to the theoretical calculations, considering an ideal gold film.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sukham
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Ørsteds Plads, Building 345V, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - O Takayama
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Ørsteds Plads, Building 345V, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A V Lavrinenko
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Ørsteds Plads, Building 345V, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R Malureanu
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Ørsteds Plads, Building 345V, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- National Centre for Micro- and Nano-Fabrication, Technical University of Denmark , Ørsteds Plads, Building 347, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Karpik AE, Crulhas BP, Rodrigues CB, Castro GR, Pedrosa VA. Aptamer-based Biosensor Developed to Monitor MUC1 Released by Prostate Cancer Cells. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka E. Karpik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; Lodz Poland
| | - Bruno P. Crulhas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Institute of Bioscience, UNESP; Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Carolina B. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Institute of Bioscience, UNESP; Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Gustavo R. Castro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Institute of Bioscience, UNESP; Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Valber A. Pedrosa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Institute of Bioscience, UNESP; Botucatu, SP Brazil
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23
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Saini S, Belgacem MN, Bras J. Effect of variable aminoalkyl chains on chemical grafting of cellulose nanofiber and their antimicrobial activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:760-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Ning T, Gao S, Huo Y, Jiang S, Yang C, Li J, Zhao Y, Man B. Third-harmonic generation from gold nanowires of rough surface considering classical nonlocal effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:6372-6382. [PMID: 28380989 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.006372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the nonlocal dielectric response of metal, comparing with the traditional local model, will significantly boost the third-order harmonic generation (THG) from gold nanowires of rough surface by a factor of several orders of magnitude. The enhancement is probably due to the penetrated field into the fine nanostructures on the metal surface in nonlocal model. The anisotropy THG efficiency versus the angle of incidence is also demonstrated due to the inhomogeneous surface morphology. The possible ways to verify the nonlocal effect to the THG are demonstrated. The results have a general significance in explaining the experimental observations.
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25
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Min K, Umar M, Ryu S, Lee S, Kim S. Silk protein as a new optically transparent adhesion layer for an ultra-smooth sub-10 nm gold layer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:115201. [PMID: 28102832 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5aaa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-thin and ultra-smooth gold (Au) films are appealing for photonic applications including surface plasmon resonances and transparent contacts. However, poor adhesion at the Au-dielectric interface prohibits the formation of a mechanically stable, ultra-thin, and ultra-smooth Au film. A conventional solution is to use a metallic adhesion layer, such as titanium and chromium, however such layers cause the optical properties of pure Au to deteriorate. Here we report the use of silk protein to enhance the adhesion at the Au-dielectric interface, thus obtaining ultra-smooth sub-10 nm Au films. The Au films that were deposited onto the silk layer exhibited superior surface roughness to those deposited on SiO2, Si, and poly(methyl methacrylate), along with improved adhesion, electrical conductivity, and optical transparency. Additionally, we confirm that a metal-insulator-metal optical resonator can be successfully generated using a silk insulating layer without the use of a metallic adhesion layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungtaek Min
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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26
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Hashizume M, Fukagawa S, Mishima S, Osuga T, Iijima K. Hot-Press-Assisted Adhesions between Polyimide Films and Titanium Plates Utilizing Coating Layers of Silane Coupling Agents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12344-12351. [PMID: 27359165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of low material-consuming adhesion techniques for different kinds of materials such as polymers and metals is important for the realization of sustainable societies. This study demonstrates that coating layers, expected to be formed as self-assembled monolayers, of silane coupling agents can act as adhesion layers at the polymer film-metal plate interfaces. Polyimide films were alkaline hydrolyzed to generate carboxy groups on their surfaces, whereas titanium plate surfaces were treated with the aminosilanes to form their coating layers thereon. These modified surfaces were placed in contact with each other and then hot pressed, which resulted in adhesion between them. An examination of the adhesion strength using lap shear tests and surface characterization of the prepared surfaces using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other techniques indicated the formation of ionic bonds and/or amide bonds between the carboxy groups of the PI film surfaces and the amino groups immobilized on the titanium plate surfaces. The activation of the carboxy groups using N-hydroxysuccinimide resulted in adhesion obtaining a water-resistant property, which supported the increase in amide bond formation. On the basis of the results, the adhesion mechanism and the possible breaking points upon the breaking of adhesions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineo Hashizume
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
| | - Soichiro Fukagawa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
| | - Shoko Mishima
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
| | - Takumi Osuga
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Iijima
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
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27
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Bi YG, Feng J, Ji JH, Chen Y, Liu YS, Li YF, Liu YF, Zhang XL, Sun HB. Ultrathin and ultrasmooth Au films as transparent electrodes in ITO-free organic light-emitting devices. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10010-5. [PMID: 27128168 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An ultrathin, ultrasmooth and flexible Au film as an alternative of the indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) has been reported. The 7 nm Au film shows excellent surface morphology, optical and electronic characteristics including a root-mean-square roughness of 0.35 nm, a high transparency of 72% at 550 nm, and a sheet resistance of 23.75 Ω sq(-1). These features arise from the surface modification of the glass substrate by using a SU-8 film, which fixes metal atoms via chemical bond interactions between Au and SU-8 film to suppress the island growth mode. A 17% enhancement in current efficiency has been obtained from the OLEDs based on the ultrathin Au electrodes compared to that of the devices with the ITO electrodes. The OLEDs with the ultrathin Au/SU-8 anodes exhibit high flexibility and mechanical robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Gang Bi
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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28
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McMorrow JJ, Walker AR, Sangwan VK, Jariwala D, Hoffman E, Everaerts K, Facchetti A, Hersam MC, Marks TJ. Solution-Processed Self-Assembled Nanodielectrics on Template-Stripped Metal Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26360-26366. [PMID: 26479833 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of hybrid organic-inorganic gate dielectrics with emergent unconventional semiconductors has yielded transistor devices exhibiting record-setting transport properties. However, extensive electronic transport measurements on these high-capacitance systems are often convoluted with the electronic response of the semiconducting silicon substrate. In this report, we demonstrate the growth of solution-processed zirconia self-assembled nanodielectrics (Zr-SAND) on template-stripped aluminum substrates. The resulting Zr-SAND on Al structures leverage the ultrasmooth (r.m.s. roughness <0.4 nm), chemically uniform nature of template-stripped metal substrates to demonstrate the same exceptional electronic uniformity (capacitance ∼700 nF cm(-2), leakage current <1 μA cm(-2) at -2 MV cm(-1)) and multilayer growth of Zr-SAND on Si, while exhibiting superior temperature and voltage capacitance responses. These results are important to conduct detailed transport measurements in emergent transistor technologies featuring SAND as well as for future applications in integrated circuits or flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Facchetti
- Polyera Corporation , 8045 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
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