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Arcos Rosero WA, Bueno Barbezan A, Daruich de Souza C, Chuery Martins Rostelato ME. Review of Advances in Coating and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles: From Theory to Biomedical Application. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:255. [PMID: 38399309 PMCID: PMC10892584 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles, especially gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have gained increasing interest in biomedical applications. Used for disease prevention, diagnosis and therapies, its significant advantages in therapeutic efficacy and safety have been the main target of interest. Its application in immune system prevention, stability in physiological environments and cell membranes, low toxicity and optimal bioperformances are critical to the success of engineered nanomaterials. Its unique optical properties are great attractors. Recently, several physical and chemical methods for coating these NPs have been widely used. Biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, peptides, antibodies, proteins, carbohydrates and biopolymers, among others, have been widely used in coatings of Au NPs for various biomedical applications, thus increasing their biocompatibility while maintaining their biological functions. This review mainly presents a general and representative view of the different types of coatings and Au NP functionalization using various biomolecules, strategies and functionalization mechanisms.
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Baker AN, Hawker-Bond GW, Georgiou PG, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. Glycosylated gold nanoparticles in point of care diagnostics: from aggregation to lateral flow. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7238-7259. [PMID: 35894819 PMCID: PMC9377422 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays, such as the home pregnancy test, rely on proteins as detection units (e.g. antibodies) to sense for analytes. Glycans play a fundamental role in biological signalling and recognition events such as pathogen adhesion and hence they are promising future alternatives to antibody-based biosensing and diagnostics. Here we introduce the potential of glycans coupled to gold nanoparticles as recognition agents for lateral flow diagnostics. We first introduce the concept of lateral flow, including a case study of lateral flow use in the field compared to other diagnostic tools. We then introduce glycosylated materials, the affinity gains achieved by the cluster glycoside effect and the current use of these in aggregation based assays. Finally, the potential role of glycans in lateral flow are explained, and examples of their successful use given. Antibody-based lateral flow (immune) assays are well established, but here the emerging concept and potential of using glycans as the detection agents is reviewed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - George W Hawker-Bond
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | | | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. .,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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Microfluidic-Based Cationic Cholesterol Lipid siRNA Delivery Nanosystem: Highly Efficient In Vitro Gene Silencing and the Intracellular Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073999. [PMID: 35409359 PMCID: PMC8999516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe and efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is essential to gene therapy towards intervention of genetic diseases. Herein, we developed a novel cationic cholesterol lipid derivative (CEL) in which cholesterol hydrophobic skeleton was connected to L-lysine cationic headgroup via a hexanediol linker as the non-viral siRNA delivery carrier. Well-organized CEL/siRNA nanocomplexes (100-200 nm) were prepared by microfluidic-assisted assembly of CEL and siRNA at various N/P ratios. The CEL and CEL/siRNA nanocomplexes have lower cytotoxicity compared with bPEI25k. Delightfully, we disclosed that, in Hela-Luc and H1299-Luc cell lines, the micro-fluidic-based CEL/siRNA nanocomplexes exhibited high siRNA transfection efficiency under both serum-free condition (74-98%) and low-serum circumstances (80-87%), higher than that of lipofectamine 2000. These nanocomplexes also showed high cellular uptake through the caveolae/lipid-raft mediated endocytosis pathway, which may greatly contribute to transfection efficiency. Moreover, the time-dependent (0-12 h) dynamic intracellular imaging demonstrated the efficient delivery to cytoplasm after lysosomal co-localization. The results indicated that the microfluidic-based CEL/siRNA nanosystems possessed good stability, low cytotoxicity, high siRNA delivery efficiency, rapid cellular uptake and caveolae/lipid raft-dependent internalization. Additionally, this study provides a simple approach for preparing and applying a "helper lipid-free" cationic lipid siRNA delivery system as potential nanotherapeutics towards gene silencing treatment of (tumor) diseases.
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Pelras T, Loos K. Strategies for the synthesis of sequence-controlled glycopolymers and their potential for advanced applications. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Magro M, Martinello T, Bonaiuto E, Gomiero C, Baratella D, Zoppellaro G, Cozza G, Patruno M, Zboril R, Vianello F. Covalently bound DNA on naked iron oxide nanoparticles: Intelligent colloidal nano-vector for cell transfection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2802-2810. [PMID: 28778487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversely to common coated iron oxide nanoparticles, novel naked surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs) can covalently bind DNA. Plasmid (pDNA) harboring the coding gene for GFP was directly chemisorbed onto SAMNs, leading to a novel DNA nanovector (SAMN@pDNA). The spontaneous internalization of SAMN@pDNA into cells was compared with an extensively studied fluorescent SAMN derivative (SAMN@RITC). Moreover, the transfection efficiency of SAMN@pDNA was evaluated and explained by computational model. METHODS SAMN@pDNA was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and computational methods, and molecular dynamic simulation. The size and hydrodynamic properties of SAMN@pDNA and SAMN@RITC were studied by electron transmission microscopy, light scattering and zeta-potential. The two nanomaterials were tested by confocal scanning microscopy on equine peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ePB-MSCs) and GFP expression by SAMN@pDNA was determined. RESULTS Nanomaterials characterized by similar hydrodynamic properties were successfully internalized and stored into mesenchymal stem cells. Transfection by SAMN@pDNA occurred and GFP expression was higher than lipofectamine procedure, even in the absence of an external magnetic field. A computational model clarified that transfection efficiency can be ascribed to DNA availability inside cells. CONCLUSIONS Direct covalent binding of DNA on naked magnetic nanoparticles led to an extremely robust gene delivery tool. Hydrodynamic and chemical-physical properties of SAMN@pDNA were responsible of the successful uptake by cells and of the efficiency of GFP gene transfection. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE SAMNs are characterized by colloidal stability, excellent cell uptake, persistence in the host cells, low toxicity and are proposed as novel intelligent DNA nanovectors for efficient cell transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Magro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tiziana Martinello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bonaiuto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Gomiero
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Davide Baratella
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Diaz-Dussan D, Nakagawa Y, Peng YY, C LVS, Ebara M, Kumar P, Narain R. Effective and Specific Gene Silencing of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Mediated by Conjugated Oxaborole and Galactose-Based Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:768-774. [PMID: 35650860 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxaborole-based polymers are stimuli-responsive materials that can reversibly interact with diols at pH values higher than their pKa. The strong binding of the oxaborole with cis-hydroxyl groups allow rapid cross-linking of the polymer chains. In this study, we exploited this phenomenon to develop a novel delivery system for the complexation, protection, and delivery of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) siRNA (small interfering RNA). Galactose and oxaborole polymers were first synthesized by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process, and they were found to show a robust interaction with each other via the oxaborole-diol effect, which allowed the formation of stable polyplexes with siRNA. Although complexes were successfully formed between the neutral galactose and oxaborole-based polymers, these complexes were insufficient in the protection of the siRNA. Therefore, cationic glycopolymers and oxaborole polymers were investigated showing superior complexation with siRNA and exhibiting effective gene silencing in HeLa (cervical) cancer cells, while showing low toxicity. Gene silencing of up to 60% was achieved with these new complexes in the presence and absence of serum. The excellent stability of the complexes under physiological conditions and the observed low cytotoxicity 48 h post-transfection demonstrated the high potential of this new system for gene silencing therapy application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Diaz-Dussan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta Canada
| | - Yasuhiro Nakagawa
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan and Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yi-Yang Peng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta Canada
| | - Leslie V. Sanchez C
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan and Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta Canada
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9
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Zhang H, Yu M, Zhang H, Bai L, Wu Y, Wang S, Ba X. Synthesis, characterization and fluorescent properties of water-soluble glycopolymer bearing curcumin pendant residues. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1451-8. [PMID: 27098211 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1171696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a potential natural anticancer drug with low oral bioavailability because of poor water solubility. The aqueous solubility of curcumin is enhanced by means of modification with the carbohydrate units. Polymerization of the curcumin-containing monomer with carbohydrate-containing monomer gives the water-soluble glycopolymer bearing curcumin pendant residues. The obtained copolymers (P1 and P2) having desirable water solubility were well-characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The copolymer P2 with a molar ratio of 1:6 (curcumin/carbohydrate) calculated from the proton NMR results exhibits a similar anticancer activity compared to original curcumin, which may serve as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in the field of anticancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding , P.R. China.,b Department of Nephrology , Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University , Baoding , P.R. China
| | - Meng Yu
- b Department of Nephrology , Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University , Baoding , P.R. China
| | - Hailei Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding , P.R. China
| | - Libin Bai
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding , P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Wu
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding , P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Wang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding , P.R. China
| | - Xinwu Ba
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding , P.R. China
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Obata M, Kobori T, Hirohara S, Tanihara M. Aqueous RAFT synthesis of block and statistical copolymers of 2-(α-d-mannopyranosyloxy)ethyl methacrylate with 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and their application for nonviral gene delivery. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Statistical and block glycopolymers presenting d-mannose were prepared by aqueous RAFT polymerization, and the effect of the microstructure on gene delivery was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Obata
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering
- University of Yamanashi
- Kofu 400-8510
- Japan
| | - Tomoya Kobori
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering
- University of Yamanashi
- Kofu 400-8510
- Japan
| | - Shiho Hirohara
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Ube National College of Technology
- Ube 755-8555
- Japan
| | - Masao Tanihara
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Nara 630-0192
- Japan
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11
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Adokoh CK, Quan S, Hitt M, Darkwa J, Kumar P, Narain R. Synthesis and Evaluation of Glycopolymeric Decorated Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Gold-Triphenyl Phosphine as Anti-Cancer Agents. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3802-10. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5010977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. Adokoh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | | | | | - James Darkwa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
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12
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Ahmed M, Ishihara K, Narain R. Calcium mediated formation of phosphorylcholine-based polyplexes for efficient knockdown of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in HeLa cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2943-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcium mediated complexation of siRNA with phosphorylcholine based polymers for efficient gene knockdown in HeLa cells in the presence and absence of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
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13
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Gajbhiye V, Gong S. Lectin functionalized nanocarriers for gene delivery. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:552-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Ahmed M, Mamba S, Yang XH, Darkwa J, Kumar P, Narain R. Synthesis and Evaluation of Polymeric Gold Glyco-Conjugates as Anti-Cancer Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:979-86. [DOI: 10.1021/bc4000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Saul Mamba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland
Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Xiao-Hong Yang
- Oncologic Imaging, Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - James Darkwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland
Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Oncologic Imaging, Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G6, Canada
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16
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Kotsuchibashi Y, Zhang Y, Ahmed M, Ebara M, Aoyagi T, Narain R. Fabrication of FITC‐doped silica nanoparticles and study of their cellular uptake in the presence of lectins. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2090-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kotsuchibashi
- Biomaterials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐0044, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G6, Canada
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda‐ku, Tokyo, 102‐8472, Japan
| | - Yiyao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G6, Canada
| | - Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G6, Canada
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Biomaterials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐0044, Japan
| | - Takao Aoyagi
- Biomaterials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1‐1‐1 Tenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐8571, Japan
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G6, Canada
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17
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Ahmed M, Wattanaarsakit P, Narain R. Cationic glyco-nanogels for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) specific siRNA delivery in ovarian cancer cells. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00425b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Potential implications of nanoparticle characterization on in vitro and in vivo gene delivery. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:1347-56. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are rapidly emerging as therapeutic delivery vectors defined by size-dependent properties. They offer several advantages over the traditional drug-delivery systems and medical diagnostics but also pose considerable challenges for systemic applications. Gene delivery is one of the important applications of nanotechnology. Usually, the nanoparticles employed for gene delivery are either formed by condensation of DNA with preformed cationic polymers or by polymerization of monomeric units thereby entrapping DNA in it. The physicochemical properties such as size, shape, surface morphology have been found to have significant influence on the gene-delivery efficacy of nanoparticles. Furthermore, when administered in vitro and in vivo, the efficiency of nanoparticles depends on a wide variety of other parameters, that is, transfection conditions, time of exposure, cell type and so forth. In this review, the potential role of characterization of nanoparticles physicochemical properties on the in vitro and in vivo gene delivery efficacy of nanoparticles is discussed.
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19
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Ahmed M, Narain R. Intracellular delivery of DNA and enzyme in active form using degradable carbohydrate-based nanogels. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3160-70. [PMID: 22970989 DOI: 10.1021/mp300255p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The facile encapsulation of biomolecules along with efficient formulation and storage makes nanogels ideal candidates for drug and gene delivery. So far, nanogels have not been used for the codelivery of plasmid DNA and proteins due to several limitations, including low encapsulation efficacy of biomolecule of similar charges and the size of cargo materials. In this study, temperature and pH sensitive carbohydrate-based nanogels are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique and are studied in detail for their capacity to encapsulate and codeliver plasmid DNA and proteins. The temperature sensitive property of nanogels allows the facile encapsulation of biomaterials, while its acid-degradable profile allows the burst release of biomolecules in endosomes. Hence these materials are expected to serve as efficient vectors to deliver biomolecules of choice either alone or as codelivery system. The nanogels produced are relatively monodisperse and are around 30-40 nm in diameter at 37 °C. DNA condensation efficacy of the nanogels is dependent on the hydrophobic property of the core of the nanogels. The DNA-nanogel complexes are formed by the interaction of carbohydrate residues of nanogels with the DNA, and complexes are further stabilized with linear cationic glycopolymers. The DNA-nanogels complexes are also studied for their protein loading capacity. The degradation of the nanogels and the controlled release of DNA and proteins are then studied in vitro. Furthermore, the addition of a nontoxic, cationic glycopolymer to the nanogel-DNA complexes is found to improve the cellular uptake and hence to improve gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G6, Canada
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Sunasee R, Wattanaarsakit P, Ahmed M, Lollmahomed FB, Narain R. Biodegradable and nontoxic nanogels as nonviral gene delivery systems. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1925-33. [PMID: 22931440 DOI: 10.1021/bc300314u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of polymeric systems with tailored properties as nonviral gene carriers continues to be a challenging and exciting field of research. We report here the synthesis and characterization of biodegradable, temperature- and pH-sensitive carbohydrate-based cationic nanogels as effective gene delivery carriers to Hep G2 cells. The temperature-sensitive property of the nanogels allows their facile complexation of DNA, while the pH-sensitive property allows the degradation of nanogels followed by the release of plasmid in the endosome. The nanogels are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) technique and are evaluated for their DNA condensation efficacy. The gene delivery efficacies of these nanogels are subsequently studied and it is found that these cationic glyconanogels can serve as potent gene delivery vectors in hepatocytes. It is found that the gene delivery efficacies of this system are similar to that of branched poly(ethyleneimine), which is used as a positive control. Moreover, these nanogels show desirable properties for systemic applications including low toxicity and degradation in acidic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sunasee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G6, Canada
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21
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Martuscello RT, Spengler RN, Bonoiu AC, Davidson BA, Helinski J, Ding H, Mahajan S, Kumar R, Bergey EJ, Knight PR, Prasad PN, Ignatowski TA. Increasing TNF levels solely in the rat hippocampus produces persistent pain-like symptoms. Pain 2012; 153:1871-1882. [PMID: 22770843 PMCID: PMC3417838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The manifestation of chronic, neuropathic pain includes elevated levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Previously, we have shown that the hippocampus, an area of the brain most notable for its role in learning and memory formation, plays a fundamental role in pain sensation. Using an animal model of peripheral neuropathic pain, we have demonstrated that intracerebroventricular infusion of a TNF antibody adjacent to the hippocampus completely alleviated pain. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular infusion of rTNF adjacent to the hippocampus induced pain behavior in naïve animals similar to that expressed during a model of neuropathic pain. These data support our premise that enhanced production of hippocampal-TNF is integral in pain sensation. In the present study, TNF gene expression was induced exclusively in the hippocampus, eliciting increased local bioactive TNF levels, and animals were assessed for pain behaviors. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received stereotaxic injection of gold nanorod (GNR)-complexed cDNA (control or TNF) plasmids (nanoplasmidexes), and pain responses (i.e., thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia) were measured. Animals receiving hippocampal microinjection of TNF nanoplasmidexes developed thermal hyperalgesia bilaterally. Sensitivity to mechanical stimulation also developed bilaterally in the rat hind paws. In support of these behavioral findings, immunoreactive staining for TNF, bioactive levels of TNF, and levels of TNF mRNA per polymerase chain reaction analysis were assessed in several brain regions and found to be increased only in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that the specific elevation of TNF in the hippocampus is not a consequence of pain, but in fact induces these behaviors/symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina T. Martuscello
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, New York 14228
| | | | - Adela C. Bonoiu
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Bruce A. Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, New York 14228
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Jadwiga Helinski
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Hong Ding
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Supriya Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Earl J. Bergey
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Paul R. Knight
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Tracey A. Ignatowski
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, New York 14228
- NanoAxis, LLC, Amherst, New York 14228
- Program for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14214
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Impact of the nature, size and chain topologies of carbohydrate-phosphorylcholine polymeric gene delivery systems. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7858-70. [PMID: 22818654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With the recent significant advances in the field polymer chemistry, it is now possible to produce well-defined and non-toxic cationic polymers with advanced molecular structures of desired molecular weights and compositions. Carefully engineered polymer architectures are found to impact significantly their DNA condensation and gene delivery efficacies. In a previous study, the statistical carbohydrates based copolymers were found to show high gene expression and low toxicity, however there aggregation in the presence of serum proteins was a major drawback. In this study, carbohydrate and phosphorylcholine based cationic polymers having a different architecture, compositions and varying molecular weights are produced and are termed as cationic 'block-statistical' copolymers. These cationic copolymers are evaluated for their gene delivery efficacies, interactions with serum protein, cellular uptake and nuclear localization ability. As compared to the statistical analogue, 'block-statistical' copolymers showed high gene expression, low interactions with serum proteins, as well as low toxicity in hepatocytes and human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, 2- methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) based 'block-statistical' copolymers and their sugar incorporated analogues were prepared and were found to serve as improved gene delivery vectors than their statistical analogues.
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Ahmed M, Narain R. The effect of molecular weight, compositions and lectin type on the properties of hyperbranched glycopolymers as non-viral gene delivery systems. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3990-4001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Miura Y. Design and synthesis of well-defined glycopolymers for the control of biological functionalities. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yeh YC, Creran B, Rotello VM. Gold nanoparticles: preparation, properties, and applications in bionanotechnology. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:1871-80. [PMID: 22076024 PMCID: PMC4101904 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr11188d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are important components for biomedical applications. AuNPs have been widely employed for diagnostics, and have seen increasing use in the area of therapeutics. In this mini-review, we present fabrication strategies for AuNPs and highlight a selection of recent applications of these materials in bionanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Kotsuchibashi Y, Ebara M, Idota N, Narain R, Aoyagi T. A ‘smart’ approach towards the formation of multifunctional nano-assemblies by simple mixing of block copolymers having a common temperature sensitive segment. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Application of magnetic nanoparticles to gene delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3705-22. [PMID: 21747701 PMCID: PMC3131585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle technology is being incorporated into many areas of molecular science and biomedicine. Because nanoparticles are small enough to enter almost all areas of the body, including the circulatory system and cells, they have been and continue to be exploited for basic biomedical research as well as clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. For example, nanoparticles hold great promise for enabling gene therapy to reach its full potential by facilitating targeted delivery of DNA into tissues and cells. Substantial progress has been made in binding DNA to nanoparticles and controlling the behavior of these complexes. In this article, we review research on binding DNAs to nanoparticles as well as our latest study on non-viral gene delivery using polyethylenimine-coated magnetic nanoparticles.
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29
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Doane TL, Cheng Y, Babar A, Hill RJ, Burda C. Electrophoretic mobilities of PEGylated gold NPs. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 132:15624-31. [PMID: 20958038 DOI: 10.1021/ja1049093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electromigration of nanoparticles (NPs) is relevant to many technological and biological applications. We correlate the experimentally observed electromigration of Au NPs with a closed-form theoretical model that furnishes key NP characteristics, including the previously unknown values of Au NP core ζ-potential, PEG-corona permeability, and particle-hydrogel friction coefficient. More generally, the theory furnishes new understanding of NP electromigration in complex environments, establishing a robust and predictive model to guide the design and characterization of functionalized NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tennyson L Doane
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States
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30
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Obata M, Shimizu M, Ohta T, Matsushige A, Iwai K, Hirohara S, Tanihara M. Synthesis, characterization and cellular internalization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) bearing α-d-mannopyranose. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00326c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Ahmed M, Narain R. Rapid synthesis of gold nanorods using a one-step photochemical strategy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:18392-18399. [PMID: 21043446 DOI: 10.1021/la103339g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Rapid synthesis of gold nanorods of controlled dimensions is one of the desired aspects of nanotechnology as a result of the potential of these nanomaterials for biomedical applications. The synthesis of gold nanorods has been achieved using a photoinitiator as an instant source of ketyl radicals, which allows the synthesis of gold nanorods in minutes. This is the first report providing a one-step synthesis of nanorods of controlled dimensions in 20-30 min using photoinitiator I-2959 as a source of ketyl radicals. Furthermore, the role of UV intensity, the concentration of silver ions, and the presence of cosolvents and a cosurfactant have been studied in detail in an effort to produce nanorods with controlled dimensions in higher yields. The role of acetone in nanorod synthesis has been explored in detail, and it has been demonstrated that, for the photochemical synthesis of nanorods using a photoinitiator, acetone is not a critical component and can be replaced by other water-miscible solvents, thus the successful synthesis of nanorods in tetrahydrofuran (THF) has been demonstrated. It has also been found that a cosurfactant and an organic solvent are not required for the synthesis of nanorods; however, their presence is found to improve the monodispersity of nanorod samples, in addition to providing a higher yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116th Street and 85th Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
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Delong RK, Reynolds CM, Malcolm Y, Schaeffer A, Severs T, Wanekaya A. Functionalized gold nanoparticles for the binding, stabilization, and delivery of therapeutic DNA, RNA, and other biological macromolecules. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2010; 3:53-63. [PMID: 24198471 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s8984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has virtually exploded in the last few years with seemingly limitless opportunity across all segments of our society. If gene and RNA therapy are to ever realize their full potential, there is a great need for nanomaterials that can bind, stabilize, and deliver these macromolecular nucleic acids into human cells and tissues. Many researchers have turned to gold nanomaterials, as gold is thought to be relatively well tolerated in humans and provides an inert material upon which nucleic acids can attach. Here, we review the various strategies for associating macromolecular nucleic acids to the surface of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), the characterization chemistries involved, and the potential advantages of GNPs in terms of stabilization and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Delong
- Department of Biomedical Science (Cell and Molecular Biology Program)
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Guo CX, Sheng ZM, Shen YQ, Dong ZL, Li CM. Thin-walled graphitic nanocages as a unique platform for amperometric glucose biosensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:2481-2484. [PMID: 20722406 DOI: 10.1021/am100472j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A thin-walled graphitic nanocages material with well-developed graphitic structure, large specific surface area and pronounced mesoporosity was synthesized and used to construct a sensing interface for an amperometric glucose biosensor, showing a high and reproducible sensitivity of 13.3 μA mM(-1) cm(-2), linear dynamic range of 0.02-6.2 mM, and fast response time of 5 s. It was successfully used to accurately detect glucose in human serum with effective discrimination to common interference species such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xian Guo
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering & Center for Advanced Bionanosystems, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
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