1
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Liu X, Dong S, Zhu J, Inoue S. Dialumene as a Dimeric or Monomeric Al Synthon for C-F Activation in Monofluorobenzene. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23591-23597. [PMID: 39165246 PMCID: PMC11345846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The activation of C-F bonds has long been regarded as the subject of research in organometallic chemistry, given their synthetic relevance and the fact that fluorine is the most abundant halogen in the Earth's crust. However, C-F bond activation remains a largely unsolved challenge due to the high bond dissociation energies, which was historically dominated by transition metal complexes. Main group elements that can cleave unactivated monofluorobenzene are still quite rare and restricted to s-block complexes with a biphilic nature. Herein, we demonstrate an Al-mediated activation of monofluorobenzene using a neutral dialumene, allowing for the synthesis of the formal oxidative addition products at either double or single aluminum centers. This neutral dialumene system introduces a novel methodology for C-F bond activation based on formal oxidative addition and reductive elimination processes around the two aluminum centers, as demonstrated by combined experimental and computational studies. A "masked" alumylene was unprecedentedly synthesized to prove the proposed reductive elimination pathway. Furthermore, the synthetic utility is highlighted by the functionalization of the resulting aryl-aluminum compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Liu
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of
Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München 85748, Germany
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School
of Science and Engineering, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of
Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München 85748, Germany
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2
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Wang Y, Tsui GC. Stereodivergent Palladium-Catalyzed C-F Bond Functionalization of gem-Difluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:5822-5826. [PMID: 38937877 PMCID: PMC11250036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
We herein describe a stereodivergent C-F bond functionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes. Using trisubstituted β,β-difluoroacrylates, both E and Z monofluoroalkene products can be obtained with excellent diastereoselectivities. The design of two different reaction manifolds, i.e., Pd(II)- versus Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of boronic acids, is the key to stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Gavin Chit Tsui
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Shanghai-Hong
Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Kong L, Ti W, Lin A, Yao H, Huang Y, Li X. Palladium-Catalyzed Defluorinative Alkylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes with Cyclopropanols: Stereoselective Synthesis of γ-Fluorinated γ,δ-Unsaturated Ketones. Org Lett 2024; 26:3591-3596. [PMID: 38661127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed defluorinative alkylation of gem-difluoroalkenes with cyclopropyl alcohols was developed. A range of γ-fluorinated γ,δ-unsaturated ketones were constructed in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities. In addition, by base-mediated intramolecular nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV), the products could be further transformed to 2,5-dimethylenetetrahydrofurans and analogues with excellent stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Kong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Wenqing Ti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hequan Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211098, China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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4
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Budiman YP, Perutz RN, Steel PG, Radius U, Marder TB. Applications of Transition Metal-Catalyzed ortho-Fluorine-Directed C-H Functionalization of (Poly)fluoroarenes in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4822-4862. [PMID: 38564710 PMCID: PMC11046440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of organic compounds efficiently via fewer steps but in higher yields is desirable as this reduces energy and reagent use, waste production, and thus environmental impact as well as cost. The reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to fluorine substituents in (poly)fluoroarenes with metal centers is enhanced relative to meta and para positions. Thus, direct C-H functionalization of (poly)fluoroarenes without prefunctionalization is becoming a significant area of research in organic chemistry. Novel and selective methodologies to functionalize (poly)fluorinated arenes by taking advantage of the reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to C-F bonds are continuously being developed. This review summarizes the reasons for the enhanced reactivity and the consequent developments in the synthesis of valuable (poly)fluoroarene-containing organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P. Budiman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science
Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
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5
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Budiman YP, Putra MH, Ramadhan MR, Hannifah R, Luz C, Ghafara IZ, Rustaman R, Ernawati EE, Mayanti T, Groß A, Radius U, Marder TB. Pd-Catalyzed Oxidative C-H Arylation of (Poly)fluoroarenes with Aryl Pinacol Boronates and Experimental and Theoretical Studies of its Reaction Mechanism. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400094. [PMID: 38412058 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
We report the synergistic combination of Pd(OAc)2 and Ag2O for the oxidative C-H arylation of (poly)fluoroarenes with aryl pinacol boronates (Ar-Bpin) in DMF as the solvent. This procedure can be conducted easily in air, and without using additional ligands, to afford the fluorinated unsymmetrical biaryl products in up to 98 % yield. Experimental studies suggest that the formation of [PdL2(C6F5)2] in DMF as coordinating solvent does not take place under the reaction conditions as it is stable to reductive elimination and thus would deactivate the catalyst. Thus, the intermediate [Pd(DMF)2(ArF)(Ar)] must be formed selectively to give desired arylation products. DFT calculations predict a low barrier (5.87 kcal/mol) for the concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) process between C6F5H and the Pd(II) species formed after transmetalation between the Pd(II)X2 complex and aryl-Bpin which forms a Pd-Arrich species. Thus a Pd(Arrich)(Arpoor) complex is generated selectively which undergoes reductive elimination to generate the unsymmetrical biaryl product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P Budiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad R Ramadhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Raiza Hannifah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Christian Luz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ilham Z Ghafara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Rustaman Rustaman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Engela E Ernawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Fairlamb IJS, Lynam JM. Unveiling Mechanistic Complexity in Manganese-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization Using IR Spectroscopy Over 16 Orders of Magnitude in Time. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:919-932. [PMID: 38412502 PMCID: PMC10956383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAn understanding of the mechanistic processes that underpin reactions catalyzed by 3d transition metals is vital for their development as potential replacements for scarce platinum group metals. However, this is a significant challenge because of the tendency of 3d metals to undergo mechanistically diverse pathways when compared with their heavier congeners, often as a consequence of one-electron transfer reactions and/or intrinsically weaker metal-ligand bonds. We have developed and implemented a new methodology to illuminate the pathways that underpin C-H bond functionalization pathways in reactions catalyzed by Mn-carbonyl compounds. By integrating measurements performed on catalytic reactions with in situ reaction monitoring and state-of-the-art ultrafast spectroscopic methods, unique insight into the mode of action and fate of the catalyst have been obtained.Using a combination of time-resolved spectroscopy and in situ low-temperature NMR studies, we have shown that photolysis of manganese-carbonyl precatalysts results in rapid (<5 ps) CO dissociation─the same process that occurs under thermal catalytic conditions. This enabled the detection of the key states relevant to catalysis, including solvent and alkyne complexes and their resulting transformation into manganacycles, which results from a migratory insertion reaction into the Mn-C bond. By systematic variation of the substrates (many of which are real-world structurally diverse substrates and not simple benchmark systems) and quantification of the resulting rate constants for the insertion step, a universal model for this migratory insertion process has been developed. The time-resolved spectroscopic method gave insight into fundamental mechanistic pathways underpinning other aspects of modern synthetic chemistry. The most notable was the first direct experimental observation of the concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) mechanism through which carboxylate groups are able to mediate C-H bond activation at a metal center. This step underpins a host of important synthetic applications. This study demonstrated how the time-resolved multiple probe spectroscopy (TRMPS) method enables the observation of mechanistic process occurring on time scales from several picoseconds through to μs in a single experiment, thereby allowing the sequential observation of solvation, ligand substitution, migratory insertion, and ultimate protonation of a Mn-C bond.These studies have been complemented by an investigation of the "in reaction flask" catalyst behavior, which has provided additional insight into new pathways for precatalyst activation, including evidence that alkyne C-H bond activation may occur before heterocycle activation. Crucial insight into the fate of the catalyst species showed that excess water played a key role in deactivation to give higher-order hydroxyl-bridged manganese carbonyl clusters, which were independently found to be inactive. Traditional in situ IR and NMR spectroscopic analysis on the second time scale bridges the gap to the analysis of real catalytic reaction systems. As a whole, this work has provided unprecedented insight into the processes underpinning manganese-catalyzed reactions spanning 16 orders of magnitude in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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7
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Tang LN, Liu GY, Li JH, Chen M. Palladium-Catalyzed Diversified Synthesis of Monofluorinated Alkenes from Allylic gem-Difluorides through Pd-OH Intermediate. Org Lett 2023; 25:9064-9069. [PMID: 38091374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Significant advancements in synthesis of monofluoroalkenes via palladium-catalyzed reactions involving allylic gem-difluorides and diverse nucleophiles have been achieved. This method allows regioselective arylation, alkylation, allylation, alkenylation, and hydrogenation of allylic gem-difluorides, yielding high Z-selectivity and favorable product yields under mild conditions. Tolerating various functional groups, these transformations utilize a common Pd-OH intermediate. Additionally, employing triple Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling yields diverse trisubstituted alkenes efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ning Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guo-Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jun-Hua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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8
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R Judge N, Logallo A, Hevia E. Main group metal-mediated strategies for C-H and C-F bond activation and functionalisation of fluoroarenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11617-11628. [PMID: 37920337 PMCID: PMC10619642 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03548d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With fluoroaromatic compounds increasingly employed as scaffolds in agrochemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients, the development of methods which facilitate regioselective functionalisation of their C-H and C-F bonds is a frontier of modern synthesis. Along with classical lithiation and nucleophilic aromatic substitution protocols, the vast majority of research efforts have focused on transition metal-mediated transformations enabled by the redox versatilities of these systems. Breaking new ground in this area, recent advances in main group metal chemistry have delineated unique ways in which s-block, Al, Ga and Zn metal complexes can activate this important type of fluorinated molecule. Underpinned by chemical cooperativity, these advances include either the use of heterobimetallic complexes where the combined effect of two metals within a single ligand set enables regioselective low polarity C-H metalation; or the use of novel low valent main group metal complexes supported by special stabilising ligands to induce C-F bond activations. Merging these two different approaches, this Perspective provides an overview of the emerging concept of main-group metal mediated C-H/C-F functionalisation of fluoroarenes. Showcasing the untapped potential that these systems can offer in these processes; focus is placed on how special chemical cooperation is established and how the trapping of key reaction intermediates can inform mechanistic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Judge
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Logallo
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern Switzerland
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9
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Tortajada A, Hevia E. Alkali-metal bases in catalytic hydrogen isotope exchange processes. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:4919-4925. [PMID: 38013748 PMCID: PMC10465149 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy00825h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of compounds labelled with deuterium or tritium has become an essential tool in a range of research fields. Hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) offers direct access to said compounds, introducing these isotopes in a late stage. Even though the field has rapidly advanced with the use of transition metal catalysis, alkali-metal bases, used as catalysts or under stoichiometric conditions, have also emerged as a viable alternative. In this minireview we describe the latest advances in the use of alkali-metal bases in HIE processes, showcasing their synthetic potential as well as current challenges in the field. It is divided in different sections based on the isotope source used, emphasizing their benefits, disadvantages and limitations. The influence on the choice of alkali-metal in these processes as well as their possible mechanistic pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Tortajada
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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10
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Al Mamari HH, Borel J, Hickey A, Courtney E, Merz J, Zhang X, Friedrich A, Marder TB, McGlacken GP. Regioselective Iridium-Catalyzed C8-H Borylation of 4-Quinolones via Transient O-Borylated Quinolines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301734. [PMID: 37280155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The quinolone-quinoline tautomerization is harnessed to effect the regioselective C8-borylation of biologically important 4-quinolones by using [Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 as the catalyst precursor, the silica-supported monodentate phosphine Si-SMAP as the ligand, and B2 pin2 as the boron source. Initially, O-borylation of the quinoline tautomer takes place. Critically, the newly formed 4-(pinBO)-quinolines then undergo N-directed selective Ir-catalyzed borylation at C8. Hydrolysis of the OBpin moiety on workup returns the system to the quinolone tautomer. The C8-borylated quinolines were converted to their corresponding potassium trifluoroborate (BF3 K) salts and to their C8-chlorinated quinolone derivatives. The two-step C-H borylation-chlorination reaction sequence resulted in various C8-Cl quinolones in good yields. Conversion to C8-OH-, C8-NH2 -, and C8-Ar-substituted quinolones was also feasible by using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad H Al Mamari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al Khoudh 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julie Borel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Aobha Hickey
- School of Chemistry & Analytical and, Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Eimear Courtney
- School of Chemistry & Analytical and, Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Julia Merz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerard P McGlacken
- School of Chemistry & Analytical and, Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
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11
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Thangavadivale VG, Tendera L, Bertermann R, Radius U, Beweries T, Perutz RN. Solution and solid-state studies of hydrogen and halogen bonding with N-heterocyclic carbene supported nickel(II) fluoride complexes. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:62-76. [PMID: 37097153 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nickel fluoride complexes of the type [Ni(F)(L)2(ArF)] (L = phosphine, ArF = fluorinated arene) are well-known to form strong halogen and hydrogen bonds in solution and in the solid state. A comprehensive study of such non-covalent interactions using bis(carbene) complexes as acceptors and suitable halogen and hydrogen bond donors is presented. In solution, the complex [Ni(F)(iPr2Im)2(C6F5)] forms halogen and hydrogen bonds with iodopentafluorobenzene and indole, respectively, which have formation constants (K300) an order of magnitude greater than those of structurally related phosphine supported nickel fluorides. Co-crystallisation of this complex and its backbone-methylated analogue [Ni(F)(iPr2Me2Im)2(C6F5)] with 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene produces halogen bonding adducts which were characterised by X-ray analysis and 19F MAS solid state NMR analysis. Differences in the chemical shifts between the nickel fluoride and its halogen bonding adduct are well in line with data that were obtained from titration studies in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Tendera
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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12
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Lee B, Pabst TP, Hierlmeier G, Chirik PJ. Exploring the Effect of Pincer Rigidity on Oxidative Addition Reactions with Cobalt(I) Complexes. Organometallics 2023; 42:708-718. [PMID: 37223209 PMCID: PMC10201995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt complexes containing the 2,6-diaminopyridine-substituted PNP pincer (iPrPNMeNP = 2,6-(iPr2PNMe)2(C5H3N)) were synthesized. A combination of solid-state structures and investigation of the cobalt(I)/(II) redox potential established a relatively rigid and electron-donating chelating ligand as compared to iPrPNP (iPrPNP = 2,6-(iPr2PCH2)2(C5H3N)). Based on a buried volume analysis, the two pincer ligands are sterically indistinguishable. Nearly planar, diamagnetic, four-coordinate complexes were observed independent of the field strength (chloride, alkyl, aryl) of the fourth ligand completing the coordination sphere of the metal. Computational studies supported a higher barrier for C-H oxidative addition, largely a result of the increased rigidity of the pincer. The increased oxidative addition barrier resulted in stabilization of (iPrPNMeNP)Co(I) complexes, enabling the characterization of the cobalt boryl and the cobalt hydride dimer by X-ray crystallography. Moreover, (iPrPNMeNP)CoMe served as an efficient precatalyst for alkene hydroboration likely because of the reduced propensity to undergo oxidative addition, demonstrating that reactivity and catalytic performance can be tuned by rigidity of pincer ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tyler P Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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13
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Abstract
ConspectusFluorine-containing compounds are extensively involved in various fields originating from intriguing and unique characteristics of fluorine atom; notably, in pharmaceuticals, the involvement of a fluorine atom or a fluorine-containing group is a chief technique for improving the pesticide effect and developing new drugs. Difluorocarbene, one of the most important and powerful fluorine-containing reagents, is widely employed and studied in many areas mainly to assemble gem-difluoromethyl molecules, including but not limited to the abundant reactions between difluorocarbene with nucleophilic substrates, Wittig reaction with ketones or aldehydes, cascade reaction with both a nucleophile and an electrophile, or [2+1] cycloaddition with alkenes or alkynes. However, its unconventional and intriguing protocols beyond as a difluoromethyl synthon have rarely been studied, and thus, it is highly desired given its abundance, inexpensiveness and peculiar properties. In this Account, we mainly discuss our discovery with unconventional transformations of difluorocarbene, instead of as a sole difluoromethyl source (different from other dihalocarbene), actually can serve as an electron acceptor to activate C-X bonds (X = N and O) and thus promote a myriad of fascinating transformations for the assembly of versatile valuable products with various aza-compounds (primary/secondary/tertiary amines as well as NH3 and NaNH2 and so on) and aliphatic ethers in the absence of transition metals and expensive ligands. Inspired by the electron-deficient characteristics of difluorocarbene, we first found that the isocyanides could be readily formed in situ when the unoccupied orbital of difluorocarbene meets the lone-pair of primary amines; in basic condition, a cascade defluorination and cyclizations could afford plethora of valuable N-containing heterocycles. Meanwhile, we disclosed that cyano anion could be accessible in situ as well when difluorocarbene and NaNH2 or NH3 were mixed up in suitable basic conditions, and thus a series of aryl nitrile compounds were obtained in the presence of Pd catalysis and ArI. Interestingly, when difluorocarbene encountered secondary amines, formamides were rendered under mild reactions. Of note, concomitant functionalizations of C and N moieties via cleavage of the unstrained C(sp3)-N bond in the absence of metal and oxidant are sparce, which indeed significantly add versatility and diversity to products. Gratifyingly, by uitilizing difluorocarbene and cyclic tertiary amines, we achieved difluorocarbene-mediated deconstructive functionalizations for the first time, showing successive C(sp3)-N bond scission of amines and simultaneous functionalization of C and N atoms which would be introduced into the products in the absence of transition metals and oxidants. This method provides a brand-new while very universal synthetic pathway to selectively cleave inert unactivated Csp3-N bonds, in which halodifluoromethyl reagents act as both C1 synthon and halo (Cl, Br, I) sources. Fascinatingly, nitrogen ylides are generated in situ from difluorocarbene and tertiary amines, and an intriguing and universal approach for deaminative arylation or alkenylation of tertiary amines was disclosed for the first time in appropriate basic conditions, which represents an intriguing reaction mode to lead to a formal transition-metal free Suzuki cross coupling. Besides, we also disclosed that difluorocarbene could proceed novel atom recombination to render meaningful 2-fluoroindoles or 3-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-2-fluoroindoles from ortho-vinylanilines, 3-fluorined oxindoles from 2-aminoarylketones, in which difluorocarbene acts as a C1 synthon and F1 source simultaneously. Last but not the least, we recently found that the lone-pair-electron of oxygen could trap difluorocarbene as well to form oxonium ylide, which eventually leads to C-O bond cleavage with the formation of difluoromethyl ethers.
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14
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Sander S, Cosgrove EJ, Müller R, Kaupp M, Braun T. Hydrogen Bonding in Platinum Indolylphosphine Polyfluorido and Fluorido Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202768. [PMID: 36327144 PMCID: PMC10107128 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the Pt complexes cis-[Pt(CH3 )(Ar){Ph2 P(Ind)}2 ] (Ind=2-(3-methyl)indolyl, Ar=4-tBuC6 H4 (1 a), 4-CH3 C6 H4 (1 b), Ph (1 c), 4-FC6 H4 (1 d), 4-ClC6 H4 (1 e), 4-CF3 C6 H4 (1 f)) with HF afforded the polyfluorido complexes trans-[Pt(F(HF)2 )(Ar){Ph2 P(Ind)}2 ] 2 a-f, which can be converted into the fluoride derivatives trans-[Pt(F)(Ar){Ph2 P(Ind)}2 ] (3 a-f) by treatment with CsF. The compounds 2 a-f and 3 a-f were characterised thoroughly by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The data reveal hydrogen bonding of the fluorido ligand with HF molecules and the indolylphosphine ligand. Polyfluorido complexes 2 a-f show larger |1 J(F,Pt)|, but lower 1 J(H,F) coupling constants when compared to the fluorido complexes 3 a-f. Decreasing 1 J(P,Pt) coupling constants in 2 a-f and 3 a-f suggest a cis influence of the aryl ligands in the following order: 4-tBuC6 H4 (a) ≈4-CH3 C6 H4 (b)
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sander
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Elizabeth J. Cosgrove
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
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15
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Li X, Li Y, Wang Z, Shan W, Liu R, Shi C, Qin H, Yuan L, Li X, Shi D. Nickel-Catalyzed Stereoselective Cascade C–F Functionalizations of gem-Difluoroalkenes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Leifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Weihai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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16
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Budagumpi S, Keri RS, Nagaraju D, Yhobu Z, Monica V, Geetha B, Kadu RD, Neole N. Progress in the catalytic applications of cobalt N–heterocyclic carbene complexes: Emphasis on their synthesis, structure and mechanism. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Choudhary S, Cannas DM, Wheatley M, Larrosa I. A manganese(i)tricarbonyl-catalyst for near room temperature alkene and alkyne hydroarylation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13225-13230. [PMID: 36425483 PMCID: PMC9667916 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing more efficient catalytic processes using abundant and low toxicity transition metals is key to enable their mainstream use in synthetic chemistry. We have rationally designed a new Mn(i)-catalyst for hydroarylation reactions that displays much improved catalytic activity over the commonly used MnBr(CO)5. Our catalyst, MnBr(CO)3(MeCN)2, avoids the formation of the off-cycle manganacycle-(CO)4 species responsible for low catalyst activity, allowing near room temperature hydroarylation of alkenes and alkynes with broad functional group tolerance including late stage functionalisation and diversification of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Diego M Cannas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Matthew Wheatley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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18
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Zhang J, Liu J, Wang X, Yang X, Ma Y, Fang R, Zhao Q, Szostak M. Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–F Bond Arylation of Polyfluoroarenes: Polyfluorinated Biaryls by Integrated C–F/C–H Functionalization. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Jiale Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Xinkan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ran Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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19
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Tao XW, Yi LN, Huang MY, Fu Y, Yang Q. Direct C(sp 3)-H Polyfluoroarylation: Access to Polyfluoroaryl Amino Acids via Rh-Catalyzed Selective C-F Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14476-14486. [PMID: 36226632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic selective C-F bond alkylation method for polyfluoroarene with glycinates and derivatives in the presence of a DavePhos-ligated Rh catalyst was developed. This method avoids the preactivation of alkylating reagents and provides an efficient and straightforward route to synthesize a series of polyfluoroaryl amino acids via C(sp3)-H functionalization. This reaction proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits high reactivity and excellent chemoselectivities. Meanwhile, the synthetic potential of this method was demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis, and further transformations proved the application value of the products as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Wen Tao
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li-Na Yi
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yun Fu
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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20
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Gu X, Liu K, Yang L, Xie C, Li M, Wang JJ. Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective α-heteroarylation of ketones via C-F bond activation to construct all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12498-12502. [PMID: 36382277 PMCID: PMC9629005 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric α-heteroarylation of ketones with fluorinated heteroarenes is reported via C-F bond activation. A series of ketones and 2-fluoropyridine derivatives with different functional groups proceed well to provide the corresponding products containing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters in good yields (up to 99% yield) and high ee values (up to 99% ee). In addition, drug molecule donepezil could also be compatible under the reaction conditions to afford late-stage diversification of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Limin Yang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Chengyi Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jun Joelle Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
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21
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A DFT, TDDFT and QTAIM study of the acridine pincer ligand-based Ru(II) and Rh(III) complexes: detailed analysis of the metal-F bonding. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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On-Surface Chemistry on Low-Reactive Surfaces. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zero-dimensional (0D), mono-dimensional (1D), or two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures with well-defined properties fabricated directly on surfaces are of growing interest. The fabrication of covalently bound nanostructures on non-metallic surfaces is very promising in terms of applications, but the lack of surface assistance during their synthesis is still a challenge to achieving the fabrication of large-scale and defect-free nanostructures. We discuss the state-of-the-art approaches recently developed in order to provide covalently bounded nanoarchitectures on passivated metallic surfaces, semiconductors, and insulators.
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23
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Li Y, Zhu J. Mechanistic Insight into the Ni-Catalyzed Kumada Cross-Coupling: Alkylmagnesium Halide Promotes C-F Bond Activation and Electron-Deficient Metal Center Slows Down β-H Elimination. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8902-8909. [PMID: 35762620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Ni-catalyzed Kumada-Tamao-Corriu (KTC) cross-coupling between aryl fluorides and alkyl Grignard reagents has been used to achieve a highly selective Csp2-Csp3 bond construction via the carbon-fluorine (C-F) bond activation. However, the detailed mechanism of this groundbreaking KTC reaction remains unclear. Herein, we perform a series of analyses by density functional theory (DFT) calculations in order to understand the reaction mechanisms for the selective activation of a highly inert C-F bond by Ni catalysts with bidentate phosphorus ligands. An alternative mechanism for Ni/Mg bimetallic cooperation C-F bond cleavage instead of a traditional oxidative addition was proposed. The push-pull interaction in the transition state provided by the Ni center and the Lewis acid of the Mg cation smoothly breaks the C-F bond, supported by the significantly decreased activation energy from 30.9 to 4.6 kcal mol-1 and principal interacting orbital analysis. Owing to the elevated lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and the electron-deficient metal center caused by the bidentate phosphorus ligand, the β-H elimination could be impeded, increasing the selectivity of KTC cross-coupling. Our DFT results rationally explain the experimental observations, which will be helpful for further development of KTC cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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24
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Tisseraud M, Goutal S, Bonasera T, Goislard M, Desjardins D, Le Grand R, Parry CM, Tournier N, Kuhnast B, Caillé F. Isotopic Radiolabeling of the Antiretroviral Drug [ 18F]Dolutegravir for Pharmacokinetic PET Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:587. [PMID: 35631413 PMCID: PMC9143889 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the drug/virus/host interactions at infected cell reservoirs is a key leading to HIV-1 remission for which positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using radiolabeled antiretroviral (ARV) drugs is a powerful asset. Dolutegravir (DTG) is one of the preferred therapeutic options to treat HIV and can be isotopically labeled with fluorine-18. [18F]DTG was synthesized via a three-step approach of radiofluorination/nitrile reduction/peptide coupling with optimization for each step. Radiofluorination was performed on 2-fluoro-4-nitrobenzonitrile in 90% conversion followed by nitrile reduction using sodium borohydride and aqueous nickel(II) chloride with 72% conversion. Final peptide coupling reaction followed by HPLC purification and formulation afforded ready-to-inject [18F]DTG in 5.1 ± 0.8% (n = 10) decay-corrected radiochemical yield within 95 min. The whole process was automatized using a TRACERlab® FX NPro module, and quality control performed by analytical HPLC showed that [18F]DTG was suitable for in vivo injection with >99% chemical and radiochemical purity and a molar activity of 83 ± 18 GBq/µmol (n = 10). Whole-body distribution of [18F]DTG was performed by PET imaging on a healthy macaque and highlighted the elimination routes of the tracer. This study demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo [18F]DTG PET imaging and paved the way to explore drug/virus/tissues interactions in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tisseraud
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Thomas Bonasera
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK;
| | - Maud Goislard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Delphine Desjardins
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Viral Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92032 Paris, France; (D.D.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Viral Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92032 Paris, France; (D.D.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Chris M. Parry
- ViiV Healthcare, 980 Great West Road, London TW8 9GS, UK;
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhe Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Baiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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26
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Fan F, Zhao L, Luo M, Zeng X. Chromium-Catalyzed Selective Cross-Electrophile Coupling between Unactivated C(aryl)–F and C(aryl)–O Bonds. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lixing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Meiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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27
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Eisenstein O. From the Felkin‐Anh Rule to the Grignard Reaction: an Almost Circular 50 Year Adventure in the World of Molecular Structures and Reaction Mechanisms with Computational Chemistry**. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Eisenstein
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34095 France Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences University of Oslo Oslo 0315 Norway
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28
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Song Q, Sivaguru P, Wang Z, Zanoni G, Bi X. A Carbene Strategy for Progressive (Deutero)Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroalkyl Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Qingmin Song
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | | | - Zikun Wang
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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29
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Ye J, Bellotti P, Heusel C, Glorius F. Photoredox‐katalysierte defluorierende Funktionalisierungen von polyfluorierten aliphatischen Amiden und Estern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Heng Ye
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Corinna Heusel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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30
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Hammarback LA, Bishop AL, Jordan C, Athavan G, Eastwood JB, Burden TJ, Bray JTW, Clarke F, Robinson A, Krieger JP, Whitwood A, Clark IP, Towrie M, Lynam JM, Fairlamb IJS. Manganese-Mediated C–H Bond Activation of Fluorinated Aromatics and the ortho-Fluorine Effect: Kinetic Analysis by In Situ Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis and Time-Resolved Methods. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy L. Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Gayathri Athavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas J. Burden
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua T. W. Bray
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Robinson
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse, Basel 4332, Switzerland
| | | | - Adrian Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P. Clark
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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31
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Patra SA, Das Pattanayak P, Mohapatra D, Dinda R. Recent Advancement on Decarbonylation Reactions Assisted by Ru-complexes: Synthetic and Mechanistic Approach. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8571-8582. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00241h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This frontier article covers the recent advancements in the ruthenium complex catalysed decarbonylation reactions of different types of carbonyl compounds and provides a direction towards the mechanistic understanding involved in...
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32
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Shen LY, Yang WC, Meng F, Li P. Photochemical and electrochemical strategies in C–F bond activation and functionalization. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01512e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in photochemical or electrochemical C–F bond activation and functionalization have been summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghong Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Yu Shen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Fei Meng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. of China
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33
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Shao J, Paulus B. Edge Effect in Electronic and Transport Properties of 1D Fluorinated Graphene Materials. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010125. [PMID: 35010075 PMCID: PMC8746569 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A systematic examination of the electronic and transport properties of 1D fluorine-saturated zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) is presented in this article. One publication (Withers et al., Nano Lett., 2011, 11, 3912-3916.) reported a controlled synthesis of fluorinated graphene via an electron beam, where the correlation between the conductivity of the resulting materials and the width of the fluorinated area is revealed. In order to understand the detailed transport mechanism, edge-fluorinated ZGNRs with different widths and fluorination degrees are investigated. Periodic density functional theory (DFT) is employed to determine their thermodynamic stabilities and electronic structures. The associated transport models of the selected structures are subsequently constructed. The combination of a non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) and a standard Landauer equation is applied to investigate the global transport properties, such as the total current-bias voltage dependence. By projecting the corresponding lesser Green's function on the atomic orbital basis and their spatial derivatives, the local current density maps of the selected systems are calculated. Our results suggest that specific fluorination patterns and fluorination degrees have significant impacts on conductivity. The conjugated π system is the dominate electron flux migration pathway, and the edge effect of the ZGNRs can be well observed in the local transport properties. In addition, with an asymmetric fluorination pattern, one can trigger spin-dependent transport properties, which shows its great potential for spintronics applications.
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34
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Dirican D, Talavera M, Braun T. Fluorination Reactions at a Platinum Carbene Complex: Reaction Routes to SF 3 , S(=O)F and Fluorido Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:17707-17712. [PMID: 34634177 PMCID: PMC9298267 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The electron-rich Pt complex [Pt(IMes)2 ] (IMes: [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolinylidine]) can be used as precursor for the syntheses of a variety of fluorido ligand containing compounds. The sulfur fluoride SF4 undergoes a rapid oxidative addition at Pt0 to yield trans-[Pt(F)(SF3 )(IMes)2 ]. A photolytic reaction of SF6 at [Pt(IMes)2 ] in the presence of IMes gave the fluorido complexes trans-[Pt(F)2 (IMes)2 ] and trans-[Pt(F)(SF3 )(IMes)2 ] along with trans-[Pt(F)(SOF)(IMes)2 ] and trans-[Pt(F)(IMes')(IMes)] (IMes': cyclometalated IMes ligand), the latter being products produced by reaction with adventitious water. trans-[Pt(F)(SOF)(IMes)2 ] and trans-[Pt(F)2 (IMes)2 ] were synthesized independently by treatment of [Pt(IMes)2 ] with SOF2 or XeF2 . A reaction of [Pt(IMes)2 ] with a HF source gave trans-[Pt(H)(F)(IMes)2 ], and an intermediate bifluorido complex trans-[Pt(H)(FHF)(IMes)2 ] was identified. Compound trans-[Pt(H)(F)(IMes)2 ] converts in the presence of CsF into trans-[Pt(F)(IMes')(IMes)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilcan Dirican
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für ChemieBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Maria Talavera
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für ChemieBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für ChemieBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
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35
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Ye JH, Bellotti P, Heusel C, Glorius F. Photoredox-Catalyzed Defluorinative Functionalizations of Polyfluorinated Aliphatic Amides and Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115456. [PMID: 34890107 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Selective C-F bond functionalization of perfluoalkyl units has huge potential towards accessing functionalized organofluorinated compounds, but remains chanllenging due to the high C-F bond strength and inherent selectivity challenges. We report a new catalytic approach for the selective functionalization of the strong C-F bonds in polyfluorinated aliphatic esters and amides. This simple reaction proceeds in mild and operationally fashion with divergent conversions, including hydrodefluorination, defluoroalkylation, and defluoroalkenlylation, affording a diverse array of important partially fluorinated motifs. Straightforward downstream chemistry towards fluorinated alcohols, amines and drug derivatives highlights the potential of the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Heng Ye
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Corinna Heusel
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, GERMANY
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36
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Song Q, Sivaguru P, Wang Z, Zanoni G, Bi X. A Carbene Strategy for Progressive (Deutero)Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroalkyl Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116190. [PMID: 34889004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrodefluorination is one of the most promising chemical strategies to degrade perfluorochemicals into partially fluorinated compounds. However, controlled progressive hydrodefluorination remains a significant challenge, owing to the decrease in the strength of C-F bonds along with the defluorination. Here we describe a carbene strategy for the sequential (deutero)hydrodefluorination of perfluoroalkyl ketones under rhodium catalysis, allowing for the controllable preparation of difluoroalkyl- and monofluoroalkyl ketones from aryl- and even alkyl-substituted perfluoro-alkyl ketones in high yield with excellent functional group tolerance. The reaction mechanism and the origin of the intriguing chemoselectivity of the reaction were rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qingmin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | | | - Zikun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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37
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Sander S, Müller R, Ahrens M, Kaupp M, Braun T. Platinum Indolylphosphine Fluorido and Polyfluorido Complexes: An Interplay between Cyclometallation, Fluoride Migration, and Hydrogen Bonding. Chemistry 2021; 27:14287-14298. [PMID: 34337795 PMCID: PMC8596594 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [PtCl2 (COD)] (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) with diisopropyl-2-(3-methyl)indolylphosphine (iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)) led to the formation of the platinum(ii) chlorido complexes, cis-[PtCl2 {iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}2 ] (1) and trans-[PtCl2 {iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}2 ] (2). The cis-complex 1 reacted with NEt3 yielding the complex cis-[PtCl{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}] (3) bearing a cyclometalated κ2 -(P,N)-phosphine ligand, while the isomer 2 with a trans-configuration did not show any reactivity towards NEt3 . Treatment of 1 or 3 with (CH3 )4 NF (TMAF) resulted in the formation of the twofold cyclometalated complex cis-[Pt{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}2 ] (4). The molecular structures of the complexes 1-4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The fluorido complex cis-[PtF{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}] ⋅ (HF)4 (5 ⋅ (HF)4 ) was formed when complex 4 was treated with different hydrogen fluoride sources. The Pt(ii) fluorido complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 exhibits intramolecular hydrogen bonding in its outer coordination sphere between the fluorido ligand and the NH group of the 3-methylindolyl moiety. In contrast to its chlorido analogue 3, complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 reacted with CO or the ynamide 1-(2-phenylethynyl)-2-pyrrolidinone to yield the complexes trans-[Pt(CO){κ2 -(P,C)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 NCO)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}][F(HF)4 ] (7) and a complex, which we suggest to be cis-[Pt{C=C(Ph)OCN(C3 H6 )}{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}][F(HF)4 ] (9), respectively. The structure of 9 was assigned on the basis of DFT calculations as well as NMR and IR data. Hydrogen bonding of HF and NH to fluoride was proven to be crucial for the existence of 7 and 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sander
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Mike Ahrens
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
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38
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Li Y, Zhu J. Achieving a Favorable Activation of the C–F Bond over the C–H Bond in Five- and Six-Membered Ring Complexes by a Coordination and Aromaticity Dually Driven Strategy. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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39
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Abstract
AbstractThe unique properties of fluorine-containing organic compounds make fluorine substitution attractive for the development of pharmaceuticals and various specialty materials, which have inspired the evolution of diverse C-F bond activation techniques. Although many advances have been made in functionalizations of activated C-F bonds utilizing transition metal complexes, there are fewer approaches available for nonactivated C-F bonds due to the difficulty in oxidative addition of transition metals to the inert C-F bonds. In this regard, using Lewis acid to abstract the fluoride and light/radical initiator to generate the radical intermediate have emerged as powerful tools for activating those inert C-F bonds. Meanwhile, these transition-metal-free processes are greener, economical, and for the pharmaceutical industry, without heavy metal residues. This review provides an overview of recent C-F bond activations and functionalizations under transition-metal-free conditions. The key mechanisms involved are demonstrated and discussed in detail. Finally, a brief discussion on the existing limitations of this field and our perspective are presented.
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40
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Palani V, Perea MA, Sarpong R. Site-Selective Cross-Coupling of Polyhalogenated Arenes and Heteroarenes with Identical Halogen Groups. Chem Rev 2021; 122:10126-10169. [PMID: 34402611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Methods to functionalize arenes and heteroarenes in a site-selective manner are highly sought after for rapidly constructing value-added molecules of medicinal, agrochemical, and materials interest. One effective approach is the site-selective cross-coupling of polyhalogenated arenes bearing multiple, but identical, halogen groups. Such cross-coupling reactions have proven to be incredibly effective for site-selective functionalization. However, they also present formidable challenges due to the inherent similarities in the reactivities of the halogen substituents. In this Review, we discuss strategies for site-selective cross-couplings of polyhalogenated arenes and heteroarenes bearing identical halogens, beginning first with an overview of the reaction types that are more traditional in nature, such as electronically, sterically, and directing-group-controlled processes. Following these examples is a description of emerging strategies, which includes ligand- and additive/solvent-controlled reactions as well as photochemically initiated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Palani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Melecio A Perea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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41
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Zhu B, Sakaki S. C(sp 3)–F Bond Activation and Hydrodefluorination of the CF 3 Group Catalyzed by a Nickel(II) Hydride Complex: Theoretical Insight into the Mechanism with a Spin-State Change and Two Ion-Pair Intermediates. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Element Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara 1-30, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Element Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara 1-30, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
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42
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Li Y, Li X, Li X, Shi D. Highly E-Selective Synthesis of α-Fluoro-β-arylalkenyl Sulfones from gem-Difluoroalkenes with Sodium Sulfinates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6983-6993. [PMID: 33852316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of α-fluoro-β-arylalkenyl sulfones under transition-metal- and base-free conditions has been described, which displays broad functional group compatibility and high stereoselectivity. In particular, the strategy is also applied to the late-stage modification of complex natural products and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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43
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Sun X, Ritter T. Decarboxylative Polyfluoroarylation of Alkylcarboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10557-10562. [PMID: 33481305 PMCID: PMC8252513 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes are useful building blocks in several areas such as drug discovery, materials, and crop protection. Herein, we report the first polyfluoroarylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids via photoredox decarboxylation. The method proceeds with broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. Moreover, small complex molecules such as natural products and drugs can be modified by late-stage modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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44
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Huang D, Wu X. t-BuOK-promoted methylthiolation of aryl fluorides with dimethyldisulfide under transition-metal-free and mild conditions. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Pabst TP, Chirik PJ. A Tutorial on Selectivity Determination in C(sp 2)-H Oxidative Addition of Arenes by Transition Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2021; 40:813-831. [PMID: 33867622 PMCID: PMC8045024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A Tutorial
on factors that determine the selectivity in C(sp2)–H
activation and functionalization reactions involving
two-electron oxidative addition processes with transition metals is
presented. The interplay of the thermodynamics of C(sp2)–H oxidative addition and kinetic influences upon regioselectivity
are presented alongside pedagogically valuable experimental and computational
results from the literature. Mechanisms and energetics of chelate-assisted
C(sp2)–H oxidative addition are examined, as are
concepts related to chemoselectivity in the oxidative addition of
C(sp2)–H or C(sp2)–X (X = F, Cl,
Br, I) bonds with aryl halide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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46
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Zhang M, Wu H, Yang J, Huang G. A Computational Mechanistic Analysis of Iridium-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Borylation Reveals a One-Stone–Two-Birds Strategy to Enhance Catalytic Activity. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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47
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Wang Y, Qi X, Ma Q, Liu P, Tsui GC. Stereoselective Palladium-Catalyzed Base-Free Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Tetrasubstituted gem-Difluoroalkenes: An Experimental and Computational Study. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Qiao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Gavin Chit Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
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48
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Sun X, Ritter T. Decarboxylative Polyfluoroarylation of Alkylcarboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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49
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Budiman YP, Westcott SA, Radius U, Marder TB. Fluorinated Aryl Boronates as Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P. Budiman
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran 45363 Jatinangor Indonesia
| | - Stephen A. Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mount Allison University Sackville NB E4 L 1G8 Canada
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Pabst TP, Quach L, MacMillan KT, Chirik PJ. Mechanistic Origins of Regioselectivity in Cobalt-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H Borylation of Benzoate Esters and Arylboronate Esters. Chem 2021; 7:237-254. [PMID: 33718656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic and mechanistic investigations into the C(sp2)-H borylation of various electronically diverse arenes catalyzed by bis(phosphine)pyridine (iPrPNP) cobalt complexes are reported. Borylation of various benzoate esters and arylboronate esters gave remarkably high selectivities for the position para to the functional group; in both cases, this regioselectivity was found to override the ortho to fluorine regioselectivity previously reported for (iPrPNP)Co borylation catalysts which arises from thermodynamic control of C(sp2)-H oxidative addition. Mechanistic studies support two distinct pathways that result in para-to-ester and para-to-boronate ester regioselectivity by thermodynamic and kinetic control, respectively, of C(sp2)-H oxidative addition. Borylation of a particularly electron-deficient fluorinated arylboronate ester resulted in acceleration of C(sp2)-H oxidative addition and concomitant inversion of regioselectivity, demonstrating that subtle changes in the relative rates of individual steps of the catalytic cycle can enable unique and switchable site selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Linda Quach
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Lead Contact
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