1
|
Wu L, Li Y, Liu GQ, Yu SH. Polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:9832-9873. [PMID: 39212091 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01095c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
By engineering chemically identical but structurally distinct materials into intricate and sophisticated polytypic nanostructures, which often surpass their pure phase objects and even produce novel physical and chemical properties, exciting applications in the fields of photovoltaics, electronics and photocatalysis can be achieved. In recent decades, various methods have been developed for synthesizing a library of polytypic nanocrystals encompassing IV, III-V and II-VI polytypic semiconductors. The exceptional performances of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals have been observed, making them highly promising candidates for applications in photonics and electronics. However, achieving high-precision control over the morphology, composition, crystal structure, size, homojunctions, and periodicity of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanostructures remains a significant synthetic challenge. This review article offers a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the synthesis and control of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals using colloidal synthetic strategies. Starting from a concise introduction on the crystal structures of metal chalcogenides, the subsequent discussion delves into the colloidal synthesis of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals, followed by an in-depth exploration of the key factors governing polytypic structure construction. Subsequently, we provide comprehensive insights into the physical properties of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals, which exhibit strong correlations with their applications. Thereafter, we emphasize the significance of polytypic nanostructures in various applications, such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, transistors, thermoelectrics, stress sensors, and the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Finally, we present a summary of the recent advancements in this research field and provide insightful perspectives on the forthcoming challenges, opportunities, and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Horani F, Sharma K, Abu-Hariri A, Lifshitz E. Colloidal Control of Branching in Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nanostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3794-3804. [PMID: 37052606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal syntheses of metal chalcogenides yield nanostructures of various 1D, 2D, and 3D nanocrystals (NCs), including branched nanostructures (BNSs) of nanoflowers, tetrapods, octopods, nanourchins, and more. Efforts are continuously being made to understand the branching mechanism in colloidally prepared metal chalcogenides for tailor-making them into various morphologies for dedicated applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, stress sensor devices, and near-infrared photodetectors. The vital role of precursors and ligands has widely been recognized in directing nanocrystal morphology during the colloidal synthesis of metal chalcogenide nanostructures. Moreover, a few basic branching mechanisms in nanocrystals have also been derived from decades-long observations of branching in NCs. This Perspective (a) accounts for the mediation of branching in In2S3, PbS, MoSe2, WSe2, and WS2; (b) analyzes the underlying mechanisms; and (c) gives a future perspective toward better controlling the BNSs' morphologies and their impact on applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faris Horani
- Israel Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, the Solid-State Institute, the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, and the Helen Diller Quantum Information Center, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kusha Sharma
- Israel Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, the Solid-State Institute, the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, and the Helen Diller Quantum Information Center, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Azhar Abu-Hariri
- Israel Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, the Solid-State Institute, the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, and the Helen Diller Quantum Information Center, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Israel Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, the Solid-State Institute, the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, and the Helen Diller Quantum Information Center, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu L, Bai B, Yang X, Du Z, Jia G. Anisotropic Heavy-Metal-Free Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3625-3692. [PMID: 36946890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-metal (Cd, Hg, and Pb)-containing semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been explored widely due to their unique optical and electrical properties. However, the toxicity risks of heavy metals can be a drawback of heavy-metal-containing NCs in some applications. Anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs are desirable replacements and can be realized following the establishment of anisotropic growth mechanisms. These anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs can possess lower toxicity risks, while still exhibiting unique optical and electrical properties originating from both the morphological and compositional anisotropy. As a result, they are promising light-emitting materials in use various applications. In this review, we provide an overview on the syntheses, properties, and applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs. In the first section, we discuss hazards of heavy metals and introduce the typical heavy-metal-containing and heavy-metal-free NCs. In the next section, we discuss anisotropic growth mechanisms, including solution-liquid-solid (SLS), oriented attachment, ripening, templated-assisted growth, and others. We discuss mechanisms leading both to morphological anisotropy and to compositional anisotropy. Examples of morphological anisotropy include growth of nanorods (NRs)/nanowires (NWs), nanotubes, nanoplatelets (NPLs)/nanosheets, nanocubes, and branched structures. Examples of compositional anisotropy, including heterostructures and core/shell structures, are summarized. Third, we provide insights into the properties of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs including optical polarization, fast electron transfer, localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR), and so on, which originate from the NCs' anisotropic morphologies and compositions. Finally, we summarize some applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs including catalysis, solar cells, photodetectors, lighting-emitting diodes (LEDs), and biological applications. Despite the huge progress on the syntheses and applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs, some issues still exist in the novel anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs and the corresponding energy conversion applications. Therefore, we also discuss the challenges of this field and provide possible solutions to tackle these challenges in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guohua Jia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Manna M, Pal S, Goswami T, Bhandari S, Debnath T. Halide-Driven Halogen-Hydrogen Bonding versus Chelation in Perovskite Nanocrystals: A Concept of Charge Transfer Bridging. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:354-362. [PMID: 36606726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The choice of surface functionalized ligands to encapsulate semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) is important for tailoring their optoelectronic properties. We use a small bidentate 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) molecule to surface functionalize CsPbX3 perovskite NCs (X = Cl, Br, I), along with traditional long-chain monodentate ligands. Our experimental results using optical and ultrafast spectroscopy depict a halogen-hydrogen bonding formation in the HQ functionalized CsPbCl3 and CsPbBr3 NCs, which act as a charge transfer (CT) bridging for the interfacial hole transfer from the NCs to the HQ molecule as fast as 540 fs. In contrast, weak chelation is observed for HQ-coupled CsPbI3 NCs without an active CT process. We explain two distinct surface coupling mechanisms via the polarizability of halides and larger PbI64- octahedral cage size. Control of two contrasting halide-dependent surface coupling phenomena of a small molecule that further regulate the CT process may have significant implications in their development in optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Manna
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
| | - Srimanta Pal
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
| | - Tanmay Goswami
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali140306, Punjab, India
| | - Satyapriya Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal734013, India
| | - Tushar Debnath
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Li Z, Zuo C, Fang X. Application of Nanostructured TiO 2 in UV Photodetectors: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109083. [PMID: 35061927 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a wide-bandgap semiconductor material, titanium dioxide (TiO2 ), which possesses three crystal polymorphs (i.e., rutile, anatase, and brookite), has gained tremendous attention as a cutting-edge material for application in the environment and energy fields. Based on the strong attractiveness from its advantages such as high stability, excellent photoelectric properties, and low-cost fabrication, the construction of high-performance photodetectors (PDs) based on TiO2 nanostructures is being extensively developed. An elaborate microtopography and device configuration is the most widely used strategy to achieve efficient TiO2 -based PDs with high photoelectric performances; however, a deep understanding of all the key parameters that influence the behavior of photon-generated carriers, is also highly required to achieve improved photoelectric performances, as well as their ultimate functional applications. Herein, an in-depth illustration of the electrical and optical properties of TiO2 nanostructures in addition to the advances in the technological issues such as preparation, microdefects, p-type doping, bandgap engineering, heterojunctions, and functional applications are presented. Finally, a future outlook for TiO2 -based PDs, particularly that of further functional applications is provided. This work will systematically illustrate the fundamentals of TiO2 and shed light on the preparation of more efficient TiO2 nanostructures and heterojunctions for future photoelectric applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chaolei Zuo
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nobile C, Cozzoli PD. Synthetic Approaches to Colloidal Nanocrystal Heterostructures Based on Metal and Metal-Oxide Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1729. [PMID: 35630951 PMCID: PMC9147683 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Composite inorganic nanoarchitectures, based on combinations of distinct materials, represent advanced solid-state constructs, where coexistence and synergistic interactions among nonhomologous optical, magnetic, chemical, and catalytic properties lay a basis for the engineering of enhanced or even unconventional functionalities. Such systems thus hold relevance for both theoretical and applied nanotechnology-based research in diverse areas, spanning optics, electronics, energy management, (photo)catalysis, biomedicine, and environmental remediation. Wet-chemical colloidal synthetic techniques have now been refined to the point of allowing the fabrication of solution free-standing and easily processable multicomponent nanocrystals with sophisticated modular heterostructure, built upon a programmed spatial distribution of the crystal phase, composition, and anchored surface moieties. Such last-generation breeds of nanocrystals are thus composed of nanoscale domains of different materials, assembled controllably into core/shell or heteromer-type configurations through bonding epitaxial heterojunctions. This review offers a critical overview of achievements made in the design and synthetic elaboration of colloidal nanocrystal heterostructures based on diverse associations of transition metals (with emphasis on plasmonic metals) and transition-metal oxides. Synthetic strategies, all leveraging on the basic seed-mediated approach, are described and discussed with reference to the most credited mechanisms underpinning regioselective heteroepitaxial deposition. The unique properties and advanced applications allowed by such brand-new nanomaterials are also mentioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Nobile
- CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, UOS di Lecce, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Pantaleo Davide Cozzoli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- UdR INSTM di Lecce, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sen S, Jana R, Bera S, Shyamal S, Sahu P, Datta A, Pradhan N. Epitaxial Orientation Angle Tuned Disk-on-Rod Nanoheterostructures for Boosting Charge Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3804-3811. [PMID: 35452244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the compositions of Se(VI) and Te(VI) ions in a 2D disk on 1D structures of Sb(V) chalcogenides, disk-on-rod heterostructures having three different epitaxial angles with different surface facets are reported. Te injection temperature determined the composition, ensuring heterostructure formation with trigonal Sb2SexTe3-x disks on orthorhombic Sb2Se3 rods having orientation angles 180°, 135°, and 90°. The growth kinetics of disks connected at one/two heads of parent rods is manipulated using an Se precursor as a limiting reagent. Theoretical calculations established the energy minimization of different orientations, their possible formation, and suitability in energy transfer applications. Electrochemical measurements were also in agreement with theoretical calculations. Hence, this is a case study of advanced modular synthesis of disk-on-rod nanostructures, leading a step further in nanocrystal engineering for more desirable complex structures and their charge transfer property.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Liu X, Liu X. Self-assembly of colloidal inorganic nanocrystals: nanoscale forces, emergent properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2074-2101. [PMID: 33325927 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00436g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles has made it possible to bridge the nanoscopic and macroscopic worlds and to make complex nanostructures. The nanoparticle-mediated assembly enables many potential applications, from biodetection and nanomedicine to optoelectronic devices. Properties of assembled materials are determined not only by the nature of nanoparticle building blocks, but also by spatial positions of nanoparticles within the assemblies. A deep understanding of nanoscale interactions between nanoparticles is a prerequisite to controlling nanoparticle arrangement during assembly. In this review, we present an overview of interparticle interactions governing their assembly in a liquid phase. Considerable attention is devoted to examples that illustrate nanoparticle assembly into ordered superstructures using different types of building blocks, including plasmonic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, lanthanide-doped nanophosphors, and quantum dots. We also cover the physicochemical properties of nanoparticle ensembles, especially those arising from particle coupling effects. We further discuss future research directions and challenges in controlling self-assembly at a level of precision that is most crucial to technology development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xiaowang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), 8. Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore. and Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China and The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng K, Luo Z, Tan L, Quan Z. Self-assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles into functional superstructures. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6002-6038. [PMID: 32692337 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) into superstructures offers a flexible and promising pathway to manipulate the nanometer-sized particles and thus make full use of their unique properties. This bottom-up strategy builds a bridge between the NP regime and a new class of transformative materials across multiple length scales for technological applications. In this field, anisotropic NPs with size- and shape-dependent physical properties as self-assembly building blocks have long fascinated scientists. Self-assembly of anisotropic NPs not only opens up exciting opportunities to engineer a variety of intriguing and complex superlattice architectures, but also provides access to discover emergent collective properties that stem from their ordered arrangement. Thus, this has stimulated enormous research interests in both fundamental science and technological applications. This present review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in this area, and highlights their rich packing behaviors from the viewpoint of NP shape. We provide the basics of the experimental techniques to produce NP superstructures and structural characterization tools, and detail the delicate assembled structures. Then the current understanding of the assembly dynamics is discussed with the assistance of in situ studies, followed by emergent collective properties from these NP assemblies. Finally, we end this article with the remaining challenges and outlook, hoping to encourage further research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhishan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li S, Probst J, Howes PD, deMello AJ. Long-armed hexapod nanocrystals of cesium lead bromide. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14808-14817. [PMID: 32633307 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) assume a variety of morphologies (e.g. cubes, sheets, and wires). Their labile structural and surface characters allow them to undergo post-synthetic evolution of shape and crystallographic characters. Such transformations can be advantageous or deleterious, and it is therefore vital to both understand and exert control over these processes. In this study, we report novel long-armed hexapod structures of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals. These branched structures evolve from quantum-confined CsPbBr3 nanosheets to Cs4PbBr6 hexapods over a period of 24 hours. Time-resolved optical and structural characterization reveals a post-synthesis mechanism of phase transformation, oriented attachment and branch elongation. More generally, the study reveals important processes associated with LHP NC aging and demonstrates the utility of slow reaction kinetics in obtaining complex morphologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Li
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Julie Probst
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Philip D Howes
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Volokh M, Mokari T. Metal/semiconductor interfaces in nanoscale objects: synthesis, emerging properties and applications of hybrid nanostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:930-961. [PMID: 36133041 PMCID: PMC9418511 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00729f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures, composed of multi-component crystals of various shapes, sizes and compositions are much sought-after functional materials. Pairing the ability to tune each material separately and controllably combine two (or more) domains with defined spatial orientation results in new properties. In this review, we discuss the various synthetic mechanisms for the formation of hybrid nanostructures of various complexities containing at least one metal/semiconductor interface, with a focus on colloidal chemistry. Different synthetic approaches, alongside the underlying kinetic and thermodynamic principles are discussed, and future advancement prospects are evaluated. Furthermore, the proved unique properties are reviewed with emphasis on the connection between the synthetic method and the resulting physical, chemical and optical properties with applications in fields such as photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry, Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Taleb Mokari
- Department of Chemistry, Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
This paper reviews synthetic concepts for the functionalization of various inorganic nanoparticles with a shell consisting of organic polymers and possible applications of the resulting hybrid materials. A polymer coating can make inorganic nanoparticles soluble in many solvents as individual particles and not only do low molar mass solvents become suitable, but also polymers as a solid matrix. In the case of shape anisotropic particles (e.g., rods) a spontaneous self-organization (parallel orientation) of the nanoparticles can be achieved, because of the formation of lyotropic liquid crystalline phases. They offer the possibility to orient the shape of anisotropic nanoparticles macroscopically in external electric fields. At least, such hybrid materials allow semiconducting inorganic nanoparticles to be dispersed in functional polymer matrices, like films of semiconducting polymers. Thereby, the inorganic nanoparticles can be electrically connected and addressed by the polymer matrix. This allows LEDs to be prepared with highly fluorescent inorganic nanoparticles (quantum dots) as chromophores. Recent works have aimed to further improve these fascinating light emitting materials.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao B, Li D, Long Y, Song K. Precisely Endowing Colloidal Particles with Silica Branches. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8591. [PMID: 31197202 PMCID: PMC6565735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A method to modify colloidal particles with silica rods in a water/n-pentanol system is reported here. Because of the interfacial tension between aqueous and n-pentanol phase, water which surrounds the colloidal particles de-wets into droplets during the deposition process of silica. As a result of unidirectional deposition, silica rods grow perpendicularly on the surface of the colloidal particles at the site of the smallest curvature where the water droplet has been de-wetted. By controlling the hydrolysis conditions, particles with certain number of branches or rambutan-like particles can be obtained. This approach opens a path towards the higher levels of colloidal complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Chenghua District of Chengdu, 610056, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Long
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Kai Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Heuer-Jungemann A, Feliu N, Bakaimi I, Hamaly M, Alkilany A, Chakraborty I, Masood A, Casula MF, Kostopoulou A, Oh E, Susumu K, Stewart MH, Medintz IL, Stratakis E, Parak WJ, Kanaras AG. The Role of Ligands in the Chemical Synthesis and Applications of Inorganic Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4819-4880. [PMID: 30920815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The design of nanoparticles is critical for their efficient use in many applications ranging from biomedicine to sensing and energy. While shape and size are responsible for the properties of the inorganic nanoparticle core, the choice of ligands is of utmost importance for the colloidal stability and function of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the selection of ligands employed in nanoparticle synthesis can determine their final size and shape. Ligands added after nanoparticle synthesis infer both new properties as well as provide enhanced colloidal stability. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review on the role of the ligands with respect to the nanoparticle morphology, stability, and function. We analyze the interaction of nanoparticle surface and ligands with different chemical groups, the types of bonding, the final dispersibility of ligand-coated nanoparticles in complex media, their reactivity, and their performance in biomedicine, photodetectors, photovoltaic devices, light-emitting devices, sensors, memory devices, thermoelectric applications, and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Heuer-Jungemann
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , U.K
| | - Neus Feliu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 171 77 , Sweden.,Fachbereich Physik, CHyN , Universität Hamburg , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Ioanna Bakaimi
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton SO171BJ , U.K
| | - Majd Hamaly
- King Hussein Cancer Center , P. O. Box 1269, Al-Jubeiha, Amman 11941 , Jordan
| | - Alaaldin Alkilany
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy , The University of Jordan , Amman 11942 , Jordan.,Fachbereich Physik, CHyN , Universität Hamburg , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Atif Masood
- Fachbereich Physik , Philipps Universität Marburg , 30357 Marburg , Germany
| | - Maria F Casula
- INSTM and Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Cagliari , 09042 Monserrato , Cagliari , Italy.,Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Cagliari , Via Marengo 2 , 09123 Cagliari , Italy
| | - Athanasia Kostopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , Heraklion , 71110 Crete , Greece
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- KeyW Corporation , Hanover , Maryland 21076 , United States.,Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600 , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- KeyW Corporation , Hanover , Maryland 21076 , United States.,Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600 , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Michael H Stewart
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600 , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900 , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , Heraklion , 71110 Crete , Greece
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, CHyN , Universität Hamburg , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Antonios G Kanaras
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang A, Guo Y, Zhou Z, Niu X, Wang Y, Muhammad F, Li H, Zhang T, Wang J, Nie S, Deng Z. Aqueous acid-based synthesis of lead-free tin halide perovskites with near-unity photoluminescence quantum efficiency. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4573-4579. [PMID: 31123567 PMCID: PMC6492635 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00453j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, lead halide perovskites with outstanding emission performance have become new candidate materials for light-emitting devices and displays; however, the toxicity of lead and instability of halide perovskites remain significant challenges. Herein, we report the aqueous acid-based synthesis of highly emissive two-dimensional (2D) tin halide perovskites, (octylammonium)2SnX4 (X = Br, I, or mixtures thereof), which displayed a high absolute photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of near-unity in the solid-state, PL emission centered at 600 nm with a broad bandwidth (136 nm), a large Stokes shift (250 nm), long-lived luminescence (τ = 3.3 μs), and zero overlap between their absorption and emission spectra. Significantly, the stability study of 2D tin halide perovskites monitored by the PL quantum yield showed no changes after 240 days of storage at room temperature under ambient air and humidity conditions. The PL emission of the 2D tin halide perovskites was tuned from yellow to deep red by controlling halide composition. Furthermore, new yellow phosphors with superior optical properties are used to fabricate UV pumped white light emitting diodes (WLEDs). We expect these results to facilitate the development of new environmentally friendly and high-performance phosphors for future lighting and display technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aifei Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China .
| | - Yanyan Guo
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhaobo Zhou
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P. R. China .
| | - Xianghong Niu
- School of Science , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210046 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR) , Beijing 100949 , P. R. China
| | - Faheem Muhammad
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China .
| | - Hongbo Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Haidian District , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China .
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P. R. China .
| | - Shuming Nie
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China . .,Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA .
| | - Zhengtao Deng
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China .
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ou Z, Song X, Huang W, Jiang X, Qu S, Wang Q, Braun PV, Moore JS, Li X, Chen Q. Colloidal Metal-Organic Framework Hexapods Prepared from Postsynthesis Etching with Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Rollable Packing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40990-40995. [PMID: 30398328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on the effect of particle shapes have led to extensive applications of anisotropic colloids as complex materials building blocks. Although much research has been devoted to colloids of convex polyhedral shapes, branched colloids remain largely underexplored because of limited synthesis strategies. Here we achieved the preparation of metal-organic framework (MOF) colloids in a hexapod shape, not directly from growth but from postsynthesis etching of truncated rhombic dodecahedron (TRD) parent particles. To understand the branch development, we used in situ optical microscopy to track the local surface curvature evolution of the colloids as well as facet-dependent etching rate. The hexapods show unique properties, such as improved catalytic activity in a model Knoevenagel reaction likely due to enhanced access to active sites, and the assembly into open structures which can be easily integrated with a self-rolled-up nanomembrane structure. Both the postsynthesis etching and the hexapod colloids demonstrated here show a new route of engineering micrometer-sized building blocks with exotic shapes and intrinsic functionalities originated from the molecular structure of materials.
Collapse
|
17
|
Al-Kaysi RO, Tong F, Al-Haidar M, Zhu L, Bardeen CJ. Highly branched photomechanical crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:2622-2625. [PMID: 28195281 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08999b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
When a suspension of the tert-butyl ester of 4-fluoroanthracene-9-carboxylic acid (4F9AC) was slowly hydrolyzed, highly branched photomechanical microcrystals of 4F9AC were grown. Exposure to UV light caused the branches to undergo a reversible sweeping motion that could be used to move and concentrate silica microspheres on a surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabih O Al-Kaysi
- College of Science and Health Professions-3124, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Maram Al-Haidar
- College of Science and Health Professions-3124, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Christopher J Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhou
- Department of National Defense Architectural Planning and Environment Engineering; Logistical Engineering University; 401311 Chongqing China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100085 Beijing China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100085 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
| | - Zhaoxia Ding
- Department of National Defense Architectural Planning and Environment Engineering; Logistical Engineering University; 401311 Chongqing China
| | - Meimei Zuo
- Department of National Defense Architectural Planning and Environment Engineering; Logistical Engineering University; 401311 Chongqing China
| | - Chuanyong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100085 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jia C, Li H, Meng X, Li H. CsPbX3/Cs4PbX6 core/shell perovskite nanocrystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6300-6303. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 3D/0D core/shell lead halide perovskite nanocrystals has been realized using the seeded growth approach for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 10081
- China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 10081
- China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hongbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 10081
- China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liang X, Liu N, Qiu H, Zhang C, Mei D, Chen B. Hydrogen assisted synthesis of branched nickel nanostructures: a combined theoretical and experimental study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26718-26727. [PMID: 28948245 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective adsorption of small molecules over specific facets plays an important role in morphology controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. In the present work, hydrogen is found to be a good capping agent for direct synthesis of branched nickel nanocrystals, i.e., secondary branching (Ni-SB) nanoparticles and multipods (Ni-MP). Using ab initio thermodynamics and the Wulff construction principle, it has been found that: (i) in the presence of hydrogen (PH2 = 6 bar), the facet structure stability follows the order of Ni(100) > Ni(111) > Ni(110), resulting in competitive over-growth along the 〈111〉 and 〈110〉 directions; (ii) with increasing hydrogen pressure, the Ni deposition rate over the crystal surface increases as a result of more Ni2+ reduction; the competition between deposition and surface diffusion, therefore, becomes the vital factor for the nanocrystal growth process; (iii) the diffusion energy barrier of a surface Ni atom on Ni(111) is lower than that on Ni(110), especially on hydrogen covered surfaces, indicating that the kinetic over-growth only along the 〈111〉 direction producing Ni-MP will be dominant under PH2 = 14 bar; (iv) the ab initio based Wulff construction principle predicts the shapes and morphologies at different hydrogen pressures which is further confirmed with HRTEM results. Finally, compared with nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NP) synthesized in the absence of hydrogen, the hydrogen assisted branched Ni nanomaterials, especially the Ni-MP, show higher catalytic activities for hydrogenation reactions of acetophenone and nitrobenzene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schoeppler V, Reich E, Vacelet J, Rosenthal M, Pacureanu A, Rack A, Zaslansky P, Zolotoyabko E, Zlotnikov I. Shaping highly regular glass architectures: A lesson from nature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaao2047. [PMID: 29057327 PMCID: PMC5647122 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Demospongiae is a class of marine sponges that mineralize skeletal elements, the glass spicules, made of amorphous silica. The spicules exhibit a diversity of highly regular three-dimensional branched morphologies that are a paradigm example of symmetry in biological systems. Current glass shaping technology requires treatment at high temperatures. In this context, the mechanism by which glass architectures are formed by living organisms remains a mystery. We uncover the principles of spicule morphogenesis. During spicule formation, the process of silica deposition is templated by an organic filament. It is composed of enzymatically active proteins arranged in a mesoscopic hexagonal crystal-like structure. In analogy to synthetic inorganic nanocrystals that show high spatial regularity, we demonstrate that the branching of the filament follows specific crystallographic directions of the protein lattice. In correlation with the symmetry of the lattice, filament branching determines the highly regular morphology of the spicules on the macroscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schoeppler
- B CUBE–Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Reich
- B CUBE–Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jean Vacelet
- IMBE (Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Écologie marine et continentale), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Université d’Avignon, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), Station Marine d’Endoume, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Alexander Rack
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emil Zolotoyabko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Igor Zlotnikov
- B CUBE–Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Taniguchi Y, Sazali MAB, Kobayashi Y, Arai N, Kawai T, Nakashima T. Programmed Self-Assembly of Branched Nanocrystals with an Amphiphilic Surface Pattern. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9312-9320. [PMID: 28872823 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective surface modification on the shape-controlled nanocrystals is a key approach in the programmed self-assembly of inorganic colloidal materials. This study demonstrates a simple methodology to gain self-assemblies of semiconductor nanocrystals with branched shapes through tip-to-tip attachment. Short-chained water-soluble cationic thiols are employed as a surface ligand for CdSe tetrapods and CdSe/CdS core/shell octapods. Because of the less affinity of arm-tip to the surface ligands compared to the arm-side wall, the tip-surface becomes uncapped to give a hydrophobic nature, affording an amphiphilic surface pattern. The amphiphilic tetrapods aggregated into porous agglomerates through tip-to-tip connection in water, while they afforded a hexagonally arranged Kagome-like two-dimensional (2D) assembly by the simple casting of aqueous dispersion with the aid of a convective self-assembly mechanism. A 2D net-like assembly was similarly obtained from amphiphilic octapods. A dissipative particle dynamics simulation using a planar tripod model with an amphiphilic surface pattern reproduced the formation of the Kagome-like assembly in a 2D confined space, demonstrating that the lateral diffusion of nanoparticles and the firm contacts between the hydrophobic tips play crucial roles in the self-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | | | - Yusei Kobayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kindai Unversity , Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Arai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kindai Unversity , Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ponseca CS, Chábera P, Uhlig J, Persson P, Sundström V. Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Solar Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10940-11024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlito S. Ponseca
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Packing, entropic patchiness, and self-assembly of non-convex colloidal particles: A simulation perspective. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
25
|
Arciniegas MP, Castelli A, Ceseracciu L, Bianchini P, Marras S, Brescia R, Manna L. Assembly of Branched Colloidal Nanocrystals in Polymer Films Leads to Enhanced Viscous Deformation Resistance. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6154-6163. [PMID: 27602602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress in the integration of nanocrystals with polymers has enabled the creation of materials for applications ranging from photovoltaics to biosensing. However, controlling the nanocrystal segregation and aggregation in the polymer phase remains a challenging task, especially because nanocrystals tend to form amorphous clusters inside the polymer matrix. Here, we present the ability of octapod-shaped particles to overcome their strong entropy-driven tendency to aggregate disorderly and form instead centipede-like linear arrays that are randomly oriented and fully embedded in polystyrene films upon controlled solvent evaporation. This behavior cannot be entirely described by short-range van der Waals interactions between the octapods in the polymer solution. An important role here is played by the increment of the viscosity of the medium during the evaporation of the solvent, which prevents disaggregation of the chains once they are formed. We show that increasing the octapod loading in the blends does not impact the length of the linear arrays beyond a critical length, while it favors instead chain demixing to form self-segregated regions of parallel interlocked chains. Our experiments evidence that softening of the polymer matrix by ex situ heating of the films induces a tail-to-tail coupling of the preformed chains and leads to the formation of longer linear structures of octapods, up to 2 μm long. The presence of 1D arrays of octapods in free-standing polystyrene films improves the creep response by a remarkable 37%, owing to an octapod pinning effect of the polymer matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena P Arciniegas
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, IT-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Castelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, IT-16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova , via Dodecaneso 31, IT-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Ceseracciu
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, IT-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, IT-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Marras
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, IT-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Rosaria Brescia
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, IT-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, IT-16163 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Eshet H, Baer R, Neuhauser D, Rabani E. Theory of highly efficient multiexciton generation in type-II nanorods. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13178. [PMID: 27725668 PMCID: PMC5062596 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiexciton generation, by which more than a single electron–hole pair is generated on optical excitation, is a promising paradigm for pushing the efficiency of solar cells beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit of 31%. Utilizing this paradigm, however, requires the onset energy of multiexciton generation to be close to twice the band gap energy and the efficiency to increase rapidly above this onset. This challenge remains unattainable even using confined nanocrystals, nanorods or nanowires. Here, we show how both goals can be achieved in a nanorod heterostructure with type-II band offsets. Using pseudopotential atomistic calculation on a model type-II semiconductor heterostructure we predict the optimal conditions for controlling multiexciton generation efficiencies at twice the band gap energy. For a finite band offset, this requires a sharp interface along with a reduction of the exciton cooling and may enable a route for breaking the Shockley–Queisser limit. Multiple exciton generation could help limit thermalization losses in solar cells, but the efficiency of the process is still limited. Here, the authors show by atomistic calculations that type-II interfaces in nanostructures along with a change in exciton cooling rate favour multiple exciton generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Eshet
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University,Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Roi Baer
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Daniel Neuhauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Eran Rabani
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Department of Chemistry, University of California and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu L, Chen SY, Fan FJ, Zhuang TT, Dai CM, Yu SH. Polytypic Nanocrystals of Cu-Based Ternary Chalcogenides: Colloidal Synthesis and Photoelectrochemical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5576-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Division
of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical
Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Center,
CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jia Fan
- Division
of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical
Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Center,
CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao-Tao Zhuang
- Division
of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical
Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Center,
CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Min Dai
- Key
Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division
of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical
Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Center,
CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
In situ microscopy of the self-assembly of branched nanocrystals in solution. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11213. [PMID: 27040366 PMCID: PMC4822026 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-phase self-assembly of nanocrystals into mesoscale structures is a promising strategy for constructing functional materials from nanoscale components. Liquid environments are key to self-assembly since they allow suspended nanocrystals to diffuse and interact freely, but they also complicate experiments. Real-time observations with single-particle resolution could have transformative impact on our understanding of nanocrystal self-assembly. Here we use real-time in situ imaging by liquid-cell electron microscopy to elucidate the nucleation and growth mechanism and properties of linear chains of octapod-shaped nanocrystals in their native solution environment. Statistical mechanics modelling based on these observations and using the measured chain-length distribution clarifies the relative importance of dipolar and entropic forces in the assembly process and gives direct access to the interparticle interaction. Our results suggest that monomer-resolved in situ imaging combined with modelling can provide unprecedented quantitative insight into the microscopic processes and interactions that govern nanocrystal self-assembly in solution. Understanding the structure and transformation of colloidal matter requires probing configurations from monomers to extended assemblies. Here, the authors use liquid-cell electron microscopy to elucidate the nucleation and growth properties of linear chains of branched nanocrystals in solution.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Understanding photoinduced charge transfer from nanomaterials is essential to the many applications of these materials. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding charge transfer from quantum dots (QDs), an ideal model system for investigating fundamental charge transfer properties of low-dimensional quantum-confined nanomaterials. We first discuss charge transfer from QDs to weakly coupled acceptors within the framework of Marcus nonadiabatic electron transfer (ET) theory, focusing on the dependence of ET rates on reorganization energy, electronic coupling, and driving force. Because of the strong electron-hole interaction, we show that ET from QDs should be described by the Auger-assisted ET model, which is significantly different from ET between molecules or from bulk semiconductor electrodes. For strongly quantum-confined QDs on semiconductor surfaces, the coupling can fall within the strong coupling limit, in which case the donor-acceptor interaction and ET properties can be described by the Newns-Anderson model of chemisorption. We also briefly discuss recent progress in controlling charge transfer properties in quantum-confined nanoheterostructures through wavefunction engineering and multiple exciton dissociation. Finally, we identify a few key areas for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Taniguchi Y, Takishita T, Kawai T, Nakashima T. End-to-End Self-Assembly of Semiconductor Nanorods in Water by Using an Amphiphilic Surface Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2083-6. [PMID: 26836341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) self-assemblies of nanocrystals are of interest because of their vectorial and polymer-like dynamic properties. Herein, we report a simple method to prepare elongated assemblies of semiconductor nanorods (NRs) through end-to-end self-assembly. Short-chained water-soluble thiols were employed as surface ligands for CdSe NRs having a wurtzite crystal structure. The site-specific capping of NRs with these ligands rendered the surface of the NRs amphiphilic. The amphiphilic CdSe NRs self-assembled to form elongated wires by end-to-end attachment driven by the hydrophobic effect operating between uncapped NR ends. The end-to-end assembly technique was further applied to CdS NRs and CdSe tetrapods (TPs) with a wurtzite structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takao Takishita
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Taniguchi Y, Takishita T, Kawai T, Nakashima T. End-to-End Self-Assembly of Semiconductor Nanorods in Water by Using an Amphiphilic Surface Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Takao Takishita
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang JJ, Ryan KM. Colloidal synthesis of Cu2SnSe3nanocrystals with structure induced shape evolution. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
33
|
Wu K, Lian T. Quantum confined colloidal nanorod heterostructures for solar-to-fuel conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3781-810. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal one-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanorods (NRs) offer the opportunity to simultaneously maintain quantum confinement in radial dimensions for tunable light absorptions and bulk like carrier transport in the axial direction for long-distance charge separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Audus DJ, Hassan AM, Garboczi EJ, Douglas JF. Interplay of particle shape and suspension properties: a study of cube-like particles. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:3360-6. [PMID: 25797369 PMCID: PMC4573544 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02869d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With advances in anisotropic particle synthesis, particle shape is now a feasible parameter for tuning suspension properties. However, there is a need to determine how these newly synthesized particles affect suspension properties and a need to solve the inverse problem of inferring the particle shape from property measurements. Either way, accurate suspension property predictions are required. Towards this end, we calculated a set of dilute suspension properties for a family of cube-like particles that smoothly interpolate between spheres and cubes. Using three conceptually different methods, we numerically computed the electrical properties of particle suspensions, including the intrinsic conductivity of perfect conductors and insulators. We also considered hydrodynamic properties relevant to particle solutions including the hydrodynamic radius, the intrinsic viscosity and the intrinsic solvent diffusivity. Additionally, we determined the second osmotic virial coefficient using analytic expressions along with numerical integration. As the particles became more cube-like, we found that all of the properties investigated become more sensitive to particle shape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debra J. Audus
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - Jack F. Douglas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu K, Hill LJ, Chen J, McBride JR, Pavlopolous NG, Richey NE, Pyun J, Lian T. Universal Length Dependence of Rod-to-Seed Exciton Localization Efficiency in Type I and Quasi-Type II CdSe@CdS Nanorods. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4591-9. [PMID: 25803834 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A critical step involved in many applications of one-dimensional seeded CdSe@CdS nanorods, such as luminescent solar concentrators, optical gains, and photocatalysis, is the localization of excitons from the light-harvesting CdS nanorod antenna into the light-emitting CdSe quantum dot seed. We report that the rod-to-seed exciton localization efficiency decreases with the rod length but is independent of band alignment between the CdSe seed and CdS rod. This universal dependence can be well modeled by the competition between exciton one-dimensional diffusion to the CdSe seed and trapping on the CdS rod. This finding provides a rational approach for optimizing these materials for their various device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wu
- †Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lawrence J Hill
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jinquan Chen
- †Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - James R McBride
- §Department of Chemistry, The Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Nicholas G Pavlopolous
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nathaniel E Richey
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- †Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liz-Marzán LM. Increasing complexity while maintaining a high degree of symmetry in nanocrystal growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3860-1. [PMID: 25689067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Learning from classics: Crystal growth is a complex process, and there are multiple paths for going from dissolved ions to solid crystals. Highlighted herein is the application of traditional chemistry concepts to new ways for increasing the complexity of nanocrystals while maintaining a high degree of symmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Liz-Marzán
- Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian (Spain); Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 14003 Bilbao (Spain).
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liz-Marzán LM. Nanokristallwachstum: mehr Komplexität bei gleichbleibend hoher Symmetrie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
38
|
Wu K, Zhu H, Lian T. Ultrafast exciton dynamics and light-driven H2 evolution in colloidal semiconductor nanorods and Pt-tipped nanorods. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:851-9. [PMID: 25682713 DOI: 10.1021/ar500398g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum confined one-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanorods (NRs) and related semiconductor-metal heterostructures are promising new materials for efficient solar-to-fuel conversion because of their unique physical and chemical properties. NRs can simultaneously exhibit quantum confinement effects in the radial direction and bulk like carrier transport in the axial direction. The former implies that concepts well-established in zero-dimensional quantum dots, such as size-tunable energetics and wave function engineering through band alignment in heterostructures, can also be applied to NRs; while the latter endows NRs with fast carrier transport to achieve long distance charge separation. Selective growth of catalytic metallic nanoparticles, such as Pt, at the tips of NRs provides convenient routes to multicomponent heterostructures with photocatalytic capabilities and controllable charge separation distances. The design and optimization of such materials for efficient solar-to-fuel conversion require the understanding of exciton and charge carrier dynamics. In this Account, we summarize our recent studies of ultrafast charge separation and recombination kinetics and their effects on steady-state photocatalytic efficiencies of colloidal CdS and CdSe/CdS NRs and related NR-Pt heterostructures. After a brief introduction of their electronic structure, we discuss exciton dynamics of CdS NRs. By transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence decay, it is shown that although the conduction band electrons are long-lived, photogenerated holes in CdS NRs are trapped on an ultrafast time scale (∼0.7 ps), which forms localized excitons due to strong Coulomb interaction in 1D NRs. In quasi-type II CdSe/CdS dot-in-rod NRs, a large valence band offset drives the ultrafast localization of holes to the CdSe core, and the competition between this process and ultrafast hole trapping on a CdS rod leads to three types of exciton species with distinct spatial distributions. The effect of the exciton dynamics on photoreduction reactions is illustrated using methyl viologen (MV(2+)) as a model electron acceptor. The steady-state MV(2+) photoreduction quantum yield of CdSe/CdS dot-in-rod NRs approaches unity under rod excitation, much larger than CdSe QDs and CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs. Detailed time-resolved studies show that in quasi-type II CdSe/CdS NRs and type II ZnSe/CdS NRs strong quantum confinement in the radial direction facilitates fast electron transfer and hole removal, whereas the fast carrier mobility along the axial direction enables long distance charge separation and slow charge recombination, which is essential for efficient MV(2+) photoreduction. The NR/MV(2+) relay system can be coupled to Pt nanoparticles in solution for light-driven H2 generation. Alternatively, Pt-tipped CdS and CdSe/CdS NRs provide fully integrated all inorganic systems for light-driven H2 generation. In CdS-Pt and CdSe/CdS-Pt hetero-NRs, ultrafast hole trapping on the CdS rod surface or in CdSe core enables efficient electron transfer from NRs to Pt tips by suppressing hole and energy transfer. It is shown that the quantum yields of photodriven H2 generation using these heterostructures correlate well with measured hole transfer rates from NRs to sacrificial donors, revealing that hole removal is the key efficiency-limiting step. These findings provide important insights for designing more efficient quantum confined NR and NR-Pt based systems for solar-to-fuel conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mathias F, Fokina A, Landfester K, Tremel W, Schmid F, Char K, Zentel R. Morphology control in biphasic hybrid systems of semiconducting materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:959-83. [PMID: 25737161 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple blends of inorganic nanocrystals and organic (semiconducting) polymers usually lead to macroscopic segregation. Thus, such blends typically exhibit inferior properties than expected. To overcome the problem of segregation, polymer coated nanocrystals (nanocomposites) have been developed. Such nanocomposites are highly miscible within the polymer matrix. In this Review, a summary of synthetic approaches to achieve stable nanocomposites in a semiconducting polymer matrix is presented. Furthermore, a theoretical background as well as an overview concerning morphology control of inorganic NCs in polymer matrices are provided. In addition, the morphologic behavior of highly anisotropic nanoparticles (i.e. liquid crystalline phase formation of nanorod-composites) and branched nanoparticles (spatial orientation of tetrapods) is described. Finally, the morphology requirements for the application of inorganic/organic hybrid systems in light emitting diodes and solar cells are discussed, and potential solutions to achieve the required morphologies are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mathias
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana Fokina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike Schmid
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 7, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, Korea.,Fellow of the GFC (Gutenberg Research College), Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kovalenko MV, Manna L, Cabot A, Hens Z, Talapin DV, Kagan CR, Klimov VI, Rogach AL, Reiss P, Milliron DJ, Guyot-Sionnnest P, Konstantatos G, Parak WJ, Hyeon T, Korgel BA, Murray CB, Heiss W. Prospects of nanoscience with nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1012-57. [PMID: 25608730 DOI: 10.1021/nn506223h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from medicine to electronic and optoelectronic devices. Today's strong research focus on NCs has been prompted by the tremendous progress in their synthesis. Impressively narrow size distributions of just a few percent, rational shape-engineering, compositional modulation, electronic doping, and tailored surface chemistries are now feasible for a broad range of inorganic compounds. The performance of inorganic NC-based photovoltaic and light-emitting devices has become competitive to other state-of-the-art materials. Semiconductor NCs hold unique promise for near- and mid-infrared technologies, where very few semiconductor materials are available. On a purely fundamental side, new insights into NC growth, chemical transformations, and self-organization can be gained from rapidly progressing in situ characterization and direct imaging techniques. New phenomena are constantly being discovered in the photophysics of NCs and in the electronic properties of NC solids. In this Nano Focus, we review the state of the art in research on colloidal NCs focusing on the most recent works published in the last 2 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Polavarapu L, Mourdikoudis S, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J. Nanocrystal engineering of noble metals and metal chalcogenides: controlling the morphology, composition and crystallinity. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
42
|
Wang X, Zeng F, Jin C, Jiang Y, Han Q, Wang B, Ma Z. One-pot synthesis of indolizine functionalized nanohyperbranched polyesters with different nano morphologies and their fluorescent response to anthracene. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01529k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two nanohyperbranched polyesters of HBPE–CIDA1 (nanospheres) and HBPE–CIDA4 (nanospindles) were synthesized. The HBPE–CIDA4 was established to be a fluorescent sensor for anthracene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Key Laboratory of applied photochemisty
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210097
| | - Fanyang Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Key Laboratory of applied photochemisty
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210097
| | - Can Jin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- Nanjing 210042
| | - Yuliang Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Key Laboratory of applied photochemisty
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210097
| | - Qiaorong Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Key Laboratory of applied photochemisty
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210097
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Key Laboratory of applied photochemisty
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210097
| | - Zhenye Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Key Laboratory of applied photochemisty
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210097
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Eskelsen JR, Phillips KJ, Hipps KW, Mazur U. Hyperbranched crystalline nanostructure produced from ionic π-conjugated molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2663-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09288k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first synthesis of a hyperbranched sheaf-like nanostructure by ionic self-assembly of organic semiconductors that forms via combined oriented attachment and Ostwald ripening growth mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara J. Phillips
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - K. W. Hipps
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Ursula Mazur
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ivanov VK, Fedorov PP, Baranchikov AY, Osiko VV. Oriented attachment of particles: 100 years of investigations of non-classical crystal growth. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
45
|
Lim J, Borg LZ, Dolezel S, Schmid F, Char K, Zentel R. Strategy for Good Dispersion of Well-Defined Tetrapods in Semiconducting Polymer Matrices. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1685-91. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Lim
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering; The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-744 Korea
| | - Lisa zur Borg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Stefan Dolezel
- Institute for Physics; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Friederike Schmid
- Institute for Physics; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Kookheon Char
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering; The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-744 Korea
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Eshet H, Baer R, Neuhauser D, Rabani E. Multiexciton Generation in Seeded Nanorods. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2580-2585. [PMID: 26277946 DOI: 10.1021/jz5010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The stochastic formulation of multiexciton generation (MEG) rates is extended to provide access to MEG efficiencies in nanostructures containing thousands of atoms. The formalism is applied to a series of CdSe/CdS seeded nanorod heterostructures with different core and shell dimensions. At energies above 3Eg (where Eg is the band gap), the MEG yield increases with decreasing core size, as expected for spherical nanocrystals. Surprisingly, this behavior is reversed for energies below this value, and is explained by the dependence of the density of states near the valence band edge, which increases with the core diameter. Our predictions indicate that the onset of MEG can be shifted to lower energies by manipulating the density of states in complex nanostructure geometries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Eshet
- †School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Roi Baer
- ‡Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Daniel Neuhauser
- ¶Department of Chemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Eran Rabani
- †School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cargnello M, Gordon TR, Murray CB. Solution-Phase Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2014; 114:9319-45. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500170p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thomas R. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wu K, Rodríguez-Córdoba W, Lian T. Exciton Localization and Dissociation Dynamics in CdS and CdS–Pt Quantum Confined Nanorods: Effect of Nonuniform Rod Diameters. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14062-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp504703t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | | | - Tianquan Lian
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wei Z, Matsui H. Rational strategy for shaped nanomaterial synthesis in reverse micelle reactors. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3870. [PMID: 24828960 PMCID: PMC4112590 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape-controlled synthesis of nanoparticles was established in single-phase solutions by controlling growth directions of crystalline facets on seed nanocrystals kinetically; however, it was difficult to rationally predict and design nanoparticle shapes. Here we introduce a methodology to fabricate nanoparticles in smaller sizes by evolving shapes thermodynamically. This strategy enables a more rational approach to fabricate shaped nanoparticles by etching specific positions of atoms on facets of seed nanocrystals in reverse micelle reactors where the surface energy gradient induces desorption of atoms on specific locations on the seed surfaces. From seeds of 12 nm palladium nanocubes, the shape is evolved to concave nanocubes and finally hollow nanocages in the size ~10 nm by etching the center of {200} facets. The high surface area-to-volume ratio and the exposure of a large number of palladium atoms on ledge and kink sites of hollow nanocages are advantageous to enhance catalytic activity and recyclability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengyan Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City University of New York, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City University of New York, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang JJ, Liu P, Seaton CC, Ryan KM. Complete Colloidal Synthesis of Cu2SnSe3 Nanocrystals with Crystal Phase and Shape Control. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7954-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501591n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-jun Wang
- Materials and Surface Science
Institute (MSSI) and Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Pai Liu
- Materials and Surface Science
Institute (MSSI) and Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Colin C. Seaton
- Materials and Surface Science
Institute (MSSI) and Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Materials and Surface Science
Institute (MSSI) and Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|