1
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Chatkon A, Haller KJ, Haller JP. Substitutional/positional disorder of biguanide and guanylurea in the structure of a decavanadate complex [(Bg)(HV 10O 285-)] 0.4[(HGU +)(V 10O 286-)] 0.6(H 2Met 2+) 2(H 3O +)·8H 2O. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2024; 80:456-466. [PMID: 39221976 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520624006929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A hydrated salt of decavanadate containing diprotonated metforminium(2+) (H2Met2+), hydronium (H3O+) and either neutral biguanide (Bg) or monoprotonated guanylurea (HGU+) exhibits a previously seen complex charge-stabilized hydrogen-bonded network [Chatkon et al. (2022). Acta Cryst. B78, 798-808]. Charge balance is achieved in two ways through substitutional disorder: a 0.6 occupied HGU+ cation is paired with a V10O286- anion, and a 0.4 occupied neutral Bg molecule is paired with a HV10O285- anion, with the remaining charge in both cases balanced by two H2Met2+ dications and one H3O+ monocation. Bg/HGU+ moieties exhibit bifurcated N-H...O hydrogen bonding to the H3O+ cation and are substitutionally/positionally disordered along with the H3O+ cation about an inversion center. The HGU+ V10O286- synthon seen in the previous study occurs again. Bg exhibits bifurcated hydrogen bonding from two amino groups to two rows of cluster O atoms running diagonally across the equatorial plane of the HV10O285- anion with a return hydrogen bond from the cluster H atom to the imino N atom of the Bg. Thus, a Bg...cluster synthon similar to the HGU+...cluster synthon previously reported is found. The disordered moieties occupy spaces with excess volume in the 3-D network structure. Interestingly, when the crystallographic unit cell of the current compound, whose X-ray data was collected at 100 K, is compared with that of a previous compound exhibiting the same supramolecular framework, unit-cell parameter c does not shorten as a and b expectantly do because of the lower data collection temperature. The lack of contraction on unit-cell parameter c is possibly due to the supramolecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aungkana Chatkon
- Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kenneth J Haller
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Joseph P Haller
- Home School, PO Box 43, Chom Surong, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30001, Thailand
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2
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He T, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Arenium-ion-catalysed halodealkylation of fully alkylated silanes. Nature 2023; 623:538-543. [PMID: 37821704 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
'Organic silicon' is not found in nature but modern chemistry is hard to imagine without silicon bound to carbon. Although silicon-containing commodity chemicals such as those emerging from the 'direct process'1-4 look simple, it is not trivial to selectively prepare aryl-substituted and alkyl-substituted (functionalized) silicon compounds, known as silanes. Chlorosilanes such as Me4-nSiCln (n = 1-3) as well as SiCl4 (n = 4) are common starting points for the synthesis of silicon-containing molecules. Yet these methods often suffer from challenging separation problems5. Conversely, silanes with four alkyl groups are considered synthetic dead ends. Here we introduce an arenium-ion-catalysed halodealkylation that effectively converts Me4Si and related quaternary silanes into a diverse range of functionalized derivatives. The reaction uses an alkyl halide and an arene (co)solvent: the alkyl halide is the halide source that eventually engages in a Friedel-Crafts alkylation with the arene to regenerate the catalyst6, whereas the arenium ion acts as a strong Brønsted acid for the protodealkylation step7. The advantage of the top-down halodealkylation methodology over reported bottom-up procedures is demonstrated, for example, in the synthesis of a silicon drug precursor. Moreover, chemoselective chlorodemethylation of the rather inert Me3Si group attached to an alkyl chain followed by oxidative degradation is shown to be an entry into Tamao-Fleming-type alcohol formation8,9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Roosterman D, Cottrell GS. Discovery of a second citric acid cycle complex. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15968. [PMID: 37251852 PMCID: PMC10209337 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Together, Nobel Prize honoured work, mathematics, physics and the laws of nature have drawn a concept of clockwise cycling carboxylic acids in Krebs' Citric Acid Cycle. A Citric Acid Cycle complex is defined by specific substrate, product and regulation. Recently, the Citric Acid Cycle 1.1 complex was introduced as an NAD+-regulated cycle with the substrate, lactic acid and the product, malic acid. Here, we introduce the concept of the Citric Acid Cycle 2.1 complex as an FAD-regulated cycle with the substrate, malic acid and the products, succinic acid or citric acid. The function of the Citric Acid Cycle 2.1 complex is to balance stress situations within the cell. We propose that the biological function of Citric Acid Cycle 2.1 in muscles is to accelerate recovery of ATP; whereas in white tissue adipocytes our testing of the theoretical concept led to the storage of energy as lipids.
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4
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Samudrala KK, Conley MP. Effects of surface acidity on the structure of organometallics supported on oxide surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4115-4127. [PMID: 36912586 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined organometallics supported on high surface area oxides are promising heterogeneous catalysts. An important design factor in these materials is how the metal interacts with the functionalities on an oxide support, commonly anionic X-type ligands derived from the reaction of an organometallic M-R with an -OH site on the oxide. The metal can either form a covalent M-O bond or form an electrostatic M+⋯-O ion-pair, which impacts how well-defined organometallics will interact with substrates in catalytic reactions. A less common reaction pathway involves the reaction of a Lewis site on the oxide with the organometallic, resulting in abstraction to form an ion-pair, which is relevant to industrial olefin polymerization catalysts. This Feature Article views the spectrum of reactivity between an organometallic and an oxide through the prism of Brønsted and/or Lewis acidity of surface sites and draws analogies to the molecular frame where Lewis and Brønsted acids are known to form reactive ion-pairs. Applications of the well-defined sites developed in this article are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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5
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Demchenko AP. Proton transfer reactions: from photochemistry to biochemistry and bioenergetics. BBA ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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6
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Porath S, Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Synthesis and Characterization of Tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)indate Salts. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203278. [PMID: 36610041 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the rising field of organoindium chemistry little is known about the perfluoroorganyl-substituted indium compounds. The increasing use of indium reagents is explained by their high stability and tolerance towards water and functional groups. Here we report on the synthesis of the novel tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)indate, [In(C2 F5 )4 ]- , and its characterization in salts with the cations [Li(thf)3 ]+ , Cs+ , [PPh4 ]+ and [H14 O6 ]2+ (thf=tetrahydrofuran). To the best of our knowledge, these salts constitute the first perfluoroalkylindates and, in general, the first isolated perfluoroalkylindium compounds which are fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Porath
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mira Keßler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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7
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Degradation by hydrolysis of three triphenylmethane dyes: DFT and TD-DFT study. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Wagen CC, Jacobsen EN. Evidence for Oxonium Ions in Ethereal "Hydrogen Chloride". Org Lett 2022; 24:8826-8831. [PMID: 36450043 PMCID: PMC9879297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Although solutions of hydrogen chloride in ethereal solvents like diethyl ether or dioxane are commonly employed in the laboratory, the solution structure of these reagents has yet to be firmly established. Here, we analyze solutions of ethereal hydrogen chloride or deuterium chloride in toluene, in dichloromethane, or in the absence of a co-solvent by in situ infrared spectroscopy. The resulting spectra are inconsistent with free HCl or often-proposed 1:1 HCl-ether complexes but closely match the predicted spectra of oxonium ions generated via protonation of diethyl ether. Molecular dynamics simulation of the oxonium chloride complexes provides evidence for an outer-sphere contact ion pair. These results suggest new approaches for tuning the acidity of strong Brønsted acids in organic solvents and demonstrate the importance of conducting spectroscopic measurements under reaction-relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corin C. Wagen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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9
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Schmid P, Hohenschutz M, Graß X, Witzmann M, Touraud D, Diat O, Pfitzner A, Bauduin P. Counterion effect on α-Keggin polyoxometalates in water: The peculiar role of H+ on their salting-in effect and co-assembly with organics. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Martínez AG, Gómez PC, de la Moya S, Siehl HU. Structural proton transfer rates in pure water according to Marcus theory and TD-DFT computations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Suchan J, Kolafa J, Slavíček P. Electron-induced fragmentation of water droplets: Simulation study. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:144303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0088591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of free electrons in a water environment is still poorly understood. We show that additional insight can be brought about by investigating fragmentation patterns of finite-size particles upon electron impact ionization. We have developed a composite protocol aiming to simulate fragmentation of water clusters by electrons with kinetic energies in the range of up to 100 eV. The ionization events for atomistically described molecular clusters are identified by a kinetic Monte Carlo procedure. We subsequently model the fragmentation with classical molecular dynamics simulations, calibrated by non-adiabatic quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations of the ionization process. We consider one-electron ionizations, energy transfer via electronic excitation events, elastic scattering, and also the autoionization events through intermolecular Coulombic decay. The simulations reveal that larger water clusters are often ionized repeatedly, which is the cause of substantial fragmentation. After losing most of its energy, low-energy electrons further contribute to fragmentation by electronic excitations. The simultaneous measurement of cluster size distribution before and after the ionization represents a sensitive measure of the energy transferred into the system by an incident electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Suchan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kolafa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Gagkayeva ZV, Gorshunov BP, Kachesov AY, Motovilov KA. Infrared fingerprints of water collective dynamics indicate proton transport in biological systems. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044409. [PMID: 35590571 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent publications on spectroscopy of water layers in water bridge structures revealed a significant enhancement of the proton mobility and the dielectric contribution of translational vibrations of water molecules in the interfacial layers compared to bulk water. Herewith, the results of long-term studies of proton dynamics in solid-state acids have shown that proton mobility increases significantly with the predominance of hydronium, but not Zundel, cations in the aqueous phase. In the present work, in the light of these data, we reanalyzed our previously published results on broadband dielectric spectroscopy of bovine heart cytochrome c, bovine serum albumin, and the extracellular matrix and filaments of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. We revealed that, just as in water bridges, an increase in electrical conductivity in these systems correlates with an increase in the dielectric contribution of water molecular translational vibrations. In addition, the appearance of spectral signatures of the hydronium cations was observed only in those cases when the system revealed noticeable electrical conductivity due to delocalized charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z V Gagkayeva
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
| | - B P Gorshunov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
| | - A Ye Kachesov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
| | - K A Motovilov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
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13
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Xiong T, Yao X, Zhu Z, Xiao R, Hu YW, Huang Y, Zhang S, Balogun MSJT. In Situ Grown Co-Based Interstitial Compounds: Non-3d Metal and Non-Metal Dual Modulation Boosts Alkaline and Acidic Hydrogen Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105331. [PMID: 34913585 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial engineering and elemental doping are the two parameters to enhance the catalytic behavior of cobalt nitrides for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, simultaneously combining these two parameters to improve the HER catalytic properties of cobalt nitrides in alkaline media is rarely reported and also remains challenging in acidic media. Herein, it is demonstrated that high-valence non-3d metal and non-metal integration can simultaneously achieve Co-based nitride/oxide interstitial compound phase boundaries on stainless steel mesh (denoted Mo-Co5.47 N/N-CoO) for efficient HER in alkaline and acidic media. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the unique structure does not only realize multi-active sites, enhanced water dissociation kinetics, and low hydrogen adsorption free energy in alkaline media, but also enhances the positive charge density of hydrogen ions (H+ ) to effectively allow H+ to receive electrons from the catalysts surface toward promoting the HER in acidic media. As a result, the as-prepared Mo-Co5.47 N/N-CoO demands HER overpotential of -28 mV@10 mA cm-2 in an alkaline medium, and superior to the commercial Pt/C at a current density > 44 mA cm-2 in acidic medium. This work paves a useful strategy to design efficient cobalt-based electrocatalysts for HER and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuzhi Xiong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xincheng Yao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiao Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ran Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wen Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Huang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shanqing Zhang
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - M-Sadeeq Jie Tang Balogun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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14
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Camacho-Mojica DC, Ha JK, Min SK, Vianello R, Ruoff RS. Proton affinity and gas phase basicity of diamandoid molecules: diamantane to C 131H 116. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3470-3477. [PMID: 35076039 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04177k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calculated proton affinities (PAs) and gas phase basicities (GPBs) are reported for diamantane (C14H20), triamantane (C18H24), 'globular and planar' isomers of tetramantane (C22H28) and pentamantane (C26H32), and for one 'globular' isomer of each of the larger diamondoid molecules: C51H58, C78H72, C102H90, and C131H116. Assuming CxHy as the parent diamondoid molecule, we calculated PA and GPB values for a variety of CxHy+1+ isomers, as well as for the reaction CxHy + H+ yielding CxHy-1+ + H2(g); the latter is slightly favored based on GPB values for diamantane through pentamantane, but less favored compared to certain CxHy+1+ isomers of C51H58, C102H90, and C131H116. Indeed, the GPB values of C51H58, C102H90, and C131H116 classifiy them as 'superbases'. Calculations that had the initial location of the proton in an interstitial site inside the diamondoid molecule always showed the H having moved to the outside of the diamondoid molecule; for this reason, we focused on testing a variety of initial configurations with the proton placed in an initial position on the surface. Additional protons were added to determine the limiting number that could be, per these calculations, taken up by the diamondoid molecules and the maximum number of protons are shown in parentheses: C14H20(2), C18H24(3), C22H28(3), C26H32(3), C51H58(4). Bader charge distributions obtained for CxHy+1+ isomers (for diamantane through pentamantane) suggest that the positive charge is essentially completely delocalized over all the H atoms. NMR spectra were calculated for different isomers of C14H19+, and compared to the published NMR spectrum for when diamantane was mixed with magic acid and H2(g) was produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce C Camacho-Mojica
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Kwon Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Min
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Vianello
- Laboratory for the Computational Design and Synthesis of Functional Materials, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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15
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Jessen C, Kornath AJ. Syntheses and Structures of Protonated Acetylenedicarboxylic Acid. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jessen
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13(D) 81377 München Germany
| | - Andreas J. Kornath
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13(D) 81377 München Germany
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16
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Silverstein TP. The Proton in Biochemistry: Impacts on Bioenergetics, Biophysical Chemistry, and Bioorganic Chemistry. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:764099. [PMID: 34901158 PMCID: PMC8661011 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.764099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The proton is the smallest atomic particle, and in aqueous solution it is the smallest hydrated ion, having only two waters in its first hydration shell. In this article we survey key aspects of the proton in chemistry and biochemistry, starting with the definitions of pH and pK a and their application inside biological cells. This includes an exploration of pH in nanoscale spaces, distinguishing between bulk and interfacial phases. We survey the Eigen and Zundel models of the structure of the hydrated proton, and how these can be used to explain: a) the behavior of protons at the water-hydrophobic interface, and b) the extraordinarily high mobility of protons in bulk water via Grotthuss hopping, and inside proteins via proton wires. Lastly, we survey key aspects of the effect of proton concentration and proton transfer on biochemical reactions including ligand binding and enzyme catalysis, as well as pH effects on biochemical thermodynamics, including the Chemiosmotic Theory. We find, for example, that the spontaneity of ATP hydrolysis at pH ≥ 7 is not due to any inherent property of ATP (or ADP or phosphate), but rather to the low concentration of H+. Additionally, we show that acidification due to fermentation does not derive from the organic acid waste products, but rather from the proton produced by ATP hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd P Silverstein
- Chemistry Department (emeritus), Willamette University, Salem, OR, United States
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17
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McCarthy BD, Liseev T, Sortica MA, Paneta V, Gschwind W, Nagy G, Ott S, Primetzhofer D. Elemental Depth Profiling of Intact Metal-Organic Framework Single Crystals by Scanning Nuclear Microprobe. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18626-18634. [PMID: 34726402 PMCID: PMC8587607 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The growing field
of MOF–catalyst composites often relies
on postsynthetic modifications for the installation of active sites.
In the resulting MOFs, the spatial distribution of the inserted catalysts
has far-reaching ramifications for the performance of the system and
thus needs to be precisely determined. Herein, we report the application
of a scanning nuclear microprobe for accurate and nondestructive depth
profiling of individual UiO-66 and UiO-67 (UiO = Universitetet i Oslo)
single crystals. Initial optimization work using native UiO-66 crystals
yielded a microbeam method which avoided beam damage, while subsequent
analysis of Zr/Hf mixed-metal UiO-66 crystals demonstrated the potential
of the method to obtain high-resolution depth profiles. The microbeam
method was further used to analyze the depth distribution of postsynthetically
introduced organic moieties, revealing either core–shell or
uniform incorporation can be obtained depending on the size of the
introduced molecule, as well as the number of carboxylate binding
groups. Finally, the spatial distribution of platinum centers that
were postsynthetically installed in the bpy binding pockets of UiO-67-bpy
(bpy = 5,5′-dicarboxyy-2,2′-bipyridine) was analyzed
by microbeam and contextualized. We expect that the method presented
herein will be applicable for characterizing a wide variety of MOFs
subjected to postsynthetic modifications and provide information crucial
for their optimization as functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Timofey Liseev
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Valentina Paneta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wanja Gschwind
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gyula Nagy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Primetzhofer
- Tandem Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 529, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Klare HFT, Oestreich M. The Power of the Proton: From Superacidic Media to Superelectrophile Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15490-15507. [PMID: 34520196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Superacidic media became famous in connection with carbocations. Yet not all reactive intermediates can be generated, characterized, and eventually isolated from these Brønsted acid/Lewis acid cocktails. The counteranion, that is the conjugate base, in these systems is often too nucleophilic and/or engages in redox chemistry with the newly formed cation. The Brønsted acidity, especially superacidity, is in fact often not even crucial unless protonation of extremely weak bases needs to be achieved. Instead, it is the chemical robustness of the aforementioned counteranion that determines the success of the protolysis. The advent of molecular Brønsted superacids derived from weakly coordinating, redox-inactive counteranions that do withstand the enormous reactivity of superelectrophiles such as silicon cations completely changed the whole field. This Perspective summarizes general aspects of medium and molecular Brønsted acidity and shows how applications of molecular Brønsted superacids have advanced from stoichiometric reactions to catalytic processes involving protons and in situ generated superelectrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Blackman AG, Jelley RE, Krenske EH, Gahan LR, Bernhardt PV. Does H 3O + Really Act as a Ligand in the Solid State? Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13071-13079. [PMID: 34424671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The evidence for the existence of metal complexes containing H3O+ as a ligand in the solid state is examined. Each of the 68 examples in the Cambridge Structural Database in which H3O+ is bound to a transition metal, lanthanoid, actinoid, or main group metal ion is detailed and critically appraised. It is concluded that none of the reported examples of complexes containing coordinated H3O+ have been unequivocally characterized and that they result from either curation errors or misinterpretations of the crystallographic data. These conclusions are supported by computational techniques, which show that three purported H3O+ complexes based on the 1,4,7,10,13,16,21,24-octa-azabicyclo(8.8.8)hexacosane azacryptand skeleton are better described as aqua complexes, with protonation occurring at the amine ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan G Blackman
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca E Jelley
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth H Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lawrence R Gahan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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20
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21
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Bochmann S, Böhme U, Brendler E, Friebel M, Gerwig M, Gründler F, Günther B, Kroke E, Lehnert R, Ruppel L. Unexpected Formation of the Highly Symmetric Borate Ion [B(SiCl
3
)
4
]
−. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uwe Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Erica Brendler
- Institut für Analytische Chemie TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Mike Friebel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Maik Gerwig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Franziska Gründler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Betty Günther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Edwin Kroke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Robert Lehnert
- Wacker Chemie AG Friedrich-von-Heyden-Platz 1 01612 Nünchritz Germany
| | - Lars Ruppel
- Wacker Chemie AG Friedrich-von-Heyden-Platz 1 01612 Nünchritz Germany
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22
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The Hydrated Proton [H(H2O)n]+ as the Basis of Unified Complex Acidity Function Scale $$H_{{\text{o}}}^{{\text{w}}}$$ in Aqueous Solutions of Strong Acids With a Predominant Water Concentration. J SOLUTION CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-021-01066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Klare HFT, Albers L, Süsse L, Keess S, Müller T, Oestreich M. Silylium Ions: From Elusive Reactive Intermediates to Potent Catalysts. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5889-5985. [PMID: 33861564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The history of silyl cations has all the makings of a drama but with a happy ending. Being considered reactive intermediates impossible to isolate in the condensed phase for decades, their actual characterization in solution and later in solid state did only fuel the discussion about their existence and initially created a lot of controversy. This perception has completely changed today, and silyl cations and their donor-stabilized congeners are now widely accepted compounds with promising use in synthetic chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the fundamental facts and principles of the chemistry of silyl cations, including reliable ways of their preparation as well as their physical and chemical properties. The striking features of silyl cations are their enormous electrophilicity and as such reactivity as super Lewis acids as well as fluorophilicity. Known applications rely on silyl cations as reactants, stoichiometric reagents, and promoters where the reaction success is based on their steady regeneration over the course of the reaction. Silyl cations can even be discrete catalysts, thereby opening the next chapter of their way into the toolbox of synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lars Süsse
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Stamenković N, Ulrih NP, Cerkovnik J. An analysis of electrophilic aromatic substitution: a "complex approach". Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5051-5068. [PMID: 33480924 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05245k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) is one of the most widely researched transforms in synthetic organic chemistry. Numerous studies have been carried out to provide an understanding of the nature of its reactivity pattern. There is now a need for a concise and general, but detailed and up-to-date, overview. The basic principles behind EAS are essential to our understanding of what the mechanisms underlying EAS are. To date, textbook overviews of EAS have provided little information about the mechanistic pathways and chemical species involved. In this review, the aim is to gather and present the up-to-date information relating to reactivity in EAS, with the implication that some of the key concepts will be discussed in a scientifically concise manner. In addition, the information presented herein suggests certain new possibilities to advance EAS theory, with particular emphasis on the role of modern instrumental and theoretical techniques in EAS reactivity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Stamenković
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Food Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Food Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Cerkovnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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25
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Liu L, Wang X, Zhu S, Li L. Different Surface Interactions between Fluorescent Conjugated Polymers and Biological Targets. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1211-1220. [PMID: 35014474 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent conjugated polymers (CPs) have attracted considerable interest in biosensing owing to their high fluorescence, tunable bandgap, and good biocompatibility. Aiming at acquiring the desired optical responses of CPs for bioapplications, it is essential that the CPs bind to biological targets with high efficacy and affinity. However, the efficient binding of CPs is largely driven by their effective interaction with target surfaces. In this Review, we will focus on the different surface interactions that pervade between CPs and biological targets. The multiple surface interactions can lead to changes in spatial conformation and distribution of CPs, which manifest alterable optical properties of CPs based on accumulation of target-directed CPs, Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism, and metal-enhanced fluorescence mechanism. Then, we display diverse bioapplications applying CPs-based surface interactions, such as cell imaging, imaging-guided detection, and photodynamic therapy. Finally, the challenges and future developments to control the efficient attachment of CPs to biological targets are discussed. We expect that the understanding of surface interactions between CPs and biological targets benefits the CPs-based system design and expands their applications in biological detections and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shuxian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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26
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Martínez AG, Gómez PC, de la Moya S, Siehl HU. Revealing the mechanism of the water autoprotolysis on the basis of Marcus theory and TD-DFT methodology. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Roosterman D, Cottrell GS. Rethinking the Citric Acid Cycle: Connecting Pyruvate Carboxylase and Citrate Synthase to the Flow of Energy and Material. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020604. [PMID: 33435350 PMCID: PMC7827294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1937, Sir H. A Krebs first published the Citric Acid Cycle, a unidirectional cycle with carboxylic acids. The original concept of the Citric Acid Cycle from Krebs’ 1953 Nobel Prize lecture illustrates the unidirectional degradation of lactic acid to water, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Here, we add the heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex, connecting the original Citric Acid Cycle to the flow of energy and material. The heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex catalyses the first reaction of the Citric Acid Cycle, the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate, and thus secures the provision of pyruvic acid. In addition, we modify Krebs’ original concept by feeding the cycle with oxaloacetic acid. Our concept enables the integration of anabolic processes and allows adaption of the organism to recover ATP faster.
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28
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Zhang J, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang F, Chen M. Three-dimensionally hierarchical NiCoP@PANI architecture for high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:445401. [PMID: 32693392 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba7e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ternary phosphides are attracting great attention in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and they have been verified to be highly active for water splitting. Herein, we developed polyaniline (PANI) coated nickel-cobalt metal phosphides nanowire arrays grown on nickel foam (NiCoP@PANI) as hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts. The appearance of PANI with excellent electric conductivity can accelerate H+ in electrolyte transfer into H2 and offer a masking layer to restrain the damage of electrode structural. Besides, the 3D porous structural of nickel foam can act as a skeleton to avoid electrode structure collapse and a channel for electron transfer. The optimized NiCoP@PANI can drive a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at low overpotential of 80.6 mV in 1 M KOH solution, and satisfactory electrochemical stability with unbroken structure and unchanged composition after electrochemical test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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29
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Sofronov OO, Bakker HJ. Nature of hydrated proton vibrations revealed by nonlinear spectroscopy of acid water nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21334-21339. [PMID: 32936152 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03137b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We use polarization-resolved femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy to investigate the vibrations of hydrated protons in anionic (AOT) and cationic (CTAB/hexanol) reverse micelles in the frequency range 2000-3500 cm-1. For small AOT micelles the dominant proton hydration structure consists of H3O+ with two OH groups donating hydrogen bonds to water molecules, and one OH group donating a weaker hydrogen bond to sulfonate. For cationic reverse micelles, we find that the absorption at frequencies >2500 cm-1 is dominated by asymmetric proton-hydration structures in which one of the OH groups of H3O+ is more weakly hydrogen-bonded to water than the other two OH groups.
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30
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Liu J, Ma R, Chu Y, Gao N, Jin Z, Ge J, Liu C, Xing W. Construction and Regulation of a Surface Protophilic Environment to Enhance Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalytic Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41269-41276. [PMID: 32805853 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolytic transition metal nitrogen-carbon (M-N/C) materials are considered as the most promising alternatives for platinum-based catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). As the proton-coupled electron transfer step in ORR has been proven to be a rate-determining step in the M-N/C catalysts, we envisaged that building a protophilic surface might be helpful to enhance the ORR activity. Herein, a polyaniline decoration strategy was put forward and realized to confer the Fe-N/C catalyst with a surface protophilic environment. A 20 mV positive shift in half-wave potential was observed owing to the enriched interfacial proton concentration, corresponding to a tripled turnover frequency under acidic conditions (from 0.46 to 1.28 e·s-1·sites-1). Our work blazed a new path toward the design of M-N/C ORR catalysts, commencing via the ORR kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power Sources, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Rongpeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power Sources, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yuyi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power Sources, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Nanxing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power Sources, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power Sources, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Junjie Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power Sources, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Changpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power Sources, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power Sources, Changchun 130022, China
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31
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Roosterman D, Cottrell GS. Astrocytes and neurons communicate via a monocarboxylic acid shuttle. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 7:94-106. [PMID: 32607414 PMCID: PMC7321766 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since formulation of the Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle (ANLS) hypothesis in 1994, the hypothesis has provoked criticism and debate. Our review does not criticise, but rather integrates experimental data characterizing proton-linked monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) into the ANLS. MCTs have wide substrate specificity and are discussed to be in protein complex with a proton donor (PD). We particularly focus on the proton-driven transfer of l-lactic acid (l-lacH) and pyruvic acid (pyrH), were PDs link MCTs to a flow of energy. The precise nature of the PD predicts the activity and catalytic direction of MCTs. By doing so, we postulate that the MCT4·phosphoglycerate kinase complex exports and at the same time in the same astrocyte, MCT1·carbonic anhydrase II complex imports monocarboxylic acids. Similarly, neuronal MCT2 preferentially imports pyrH. The repertoire of MCTs in astrocytes and neurons allows them to communicate via monocarboxylic acids. A change in imported pyrH/l-lacH ratio in favour of l-lacH encodes signals stabilizing the transit of glucose from astrocytes to neurons. The presented astrocyte neuron communication hypothesis has the potential to unite the community by suggesting that the exchange of monocarboxylic acids paves the path of glucose provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Roosterman
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, LWL-Hospital of Psychiatry, Bochum, Germany
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32
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Palese LL. Oxygen-oxygen distances in protein-bound crystallographic water suggest the presence of protonated clusters. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Zong W, Lian R, He G, Guo H, Ouyang Y, Wang J, Lai F, Miao YE, Rao D, Brett D, Liu T. Vacancy engineering of group VI anions in NiCo2A4 (A = O, S, Se) for efficient hydrogen production by weakening the shackles of hydronium ion. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Tyrode E, Sengupta S, Sthoer A. Identifying Eigen-like hydrated protons at negatively charged interfaces. Nat Commun 2020; 11:493. [PMID: 31980619 PMCID: PMC6981112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of the hydrogen ion in a wide range of biological, chemical, and physical processes, its molecular structure in solution remains lively debated. Progress has been primarily hampered by the extreme diffuse nature of the vibrational signatures of hydrated protons in bulk solution. Using the inherently surface-specific vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy technique, we show that at selected negatively charged interfaces, a resolved spectral feature directly linked to the H3O+ core in an Eigen-like species can be readily identified in a biologically compatible pH range. Centered at ~2540 cm−1, the band is seen to shift to ~1875 cm−1 when forming D3O+ upon isotopic substitution. The results offer the possibility of tracking and understanding from a molecular perspective the behavior of hydrated protons at charged interfaces. Hydrated protons are always present in aqueous solution, but their molecular structure remains under debate. Here the authors use vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy to show that at negatively charged liquid–vapor interfaces, protons adopt a specific configuration characteristic of Eigen-like species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tyrode
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sanghamitra Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrien Sthoer
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Culver DB, Venkatesh A, Huynh W, Rossini AJ, Conley MP. Al(OR F) 3 (R F = C(CF 3) 3) activated silica: a well-defined weakly coordinating surface anion. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1510-1517. [PMID: 34084380 PMCID: PMC8148071 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Weakly Coordinating Anions (WCAs) containing electron deficient delocalized anionic fragments that are reasonably inert allow for the isolation of strong electrophiles. Perfluorinated borates, perfluorinated aluminum alkoxides, and halogenated carborane anions are a few families of WCAs that are commonly used in synthesis. Application of similar design strategies to oxide surfaces is challenging. This paper describes the reaction of Al(ORF)3*PhF (RF = C(CF3)3) with silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 °C (SiO2-700) to form the bridging silanol [triple bond, length as m-dash]Si-OH⋯Al(ORF)3 (1). DFT calculations using small clusters to model 1 show that the gas phase acidity (GPA) of the bridging silanol is 43.2 kcal mol-1 lower than the GPA of H2SO4, but higher than the strongest carborane acids, suggesting that deprotonated 1 would be a WCA. Reactions of 1 with NOct3 show that 1 forms weaker ion-pairs than classical WCAs, but stronger ion-pairs than carborane or borate anions. Though 1 forms stronger ion-pairs than these state-of-the-art WCAs, 1 reacts with alkylsilanes to form silylium type surface species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a silylium supported on derivatized silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien B Culver
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Amrit Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Winn Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA
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36
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Wu Q, Roy A, Irran E, Qu Z, Grimme S, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Catalytic Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes with Unreactive Hexamethyldisilane through Regeneration of Silylium Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17307-17311. [PMID: 31566863 PMCID: PMC6900109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, intermolecular syn-addition of hexamethyldisilane across simple alkenes is reported. The catalytic cycle is initiated and propagated by the transfer of a methyl group from the disilane to a silylium-ion-like intermediate, corresponding to the (re)generation of the silylium-ion catalyst. The key feature of the reaction sequence is the cleavage of the Si-Si bond in a 1,3-silyl shift from silicon to carbon. A central intermediate of the catalysis was structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the computed reaction mechanism is fully consistent with the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Avijit Roy
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstraße 453115BonnGermany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstraße 453115BonnGermany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
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Wu Q, Roy A, Irran E, Qu Z, Grimme S, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Katalytische Difunktionalisierung von nichtaktivierten Alkenen mit reaktionsträgem Hexamethyldisilan durch Neubildung von Silyliumionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Avijit Roy
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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38
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Abstract
AbstractThe strong, long-range electrostatic forces described by Coulomb's law disappear for ions in water, and the behavior of these ions is instead controlled by their water affinity – a weak, short-range force which arises from their charge density. This was established experimentally in the mid-1980s by size-exclusion chromatography on carefully calibrated Sephadex®G-10 (which measures the effective volume and thus the water affinity of an ion) and by neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (which measures the density and orientation of water molecules near the diffracting ion and thus its water affinity). These conclusions have been confirmed more recently by molecular dynamics simulations, which explicitly model each individual water molecule. This surprising change in force regime occurs because the oppositely charged ions in aqueous salt solutions exist functionally as ion pairs (separated by 0, 1 or 2 water molecules) as has now been shown by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy; this cancels out the strong long-range electrostatic forces and allows the weak, short-range water affinity effects to come to the fore. This microscopic structure of aqueous salt solutions is not captured by models utilizing a macroscopic dielectric constant. Additionally, the Law of Matching Water Affinity, first described in 1997 and 2004, establishes that contact ion pair formation is controlled by water affinity and is a major determinant of the solubility of charged species since only a net neutral species can change phases.
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39
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Kulsha AV, Sharapa DI. Superhalogen and Superacid. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2293-2300. [PMID: 31254480 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A superhalogen F@C20 (CN)20 and a corresponding Brønsted superacid were designed and investigated on DFT and DLPNO-CCSD(T) levels of theory. Calculated compounds have outstanding electron affinity and deprotonation energy, respectively. We consider superacid H[F@C20 (CN)20 ] to be able to protonate molecular nitrogen. The stability of these structures is discussed, while some of the previous predictions concerning neutral Brønsted superacids of record strength are doubted. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kulsha
- Lyceum of Belarusian State University, 8 Ulijanauskaja Str., Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Dmitry I Sharapa
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
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40
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Grabowski SJ, Casanova D, Formoso E, Ugalde JM. Tetravalent Oxygen and Sulphur Centres Mediated by Carborane Superacid: Theoretical Analysis. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2443-2450. [PMID: 31411374 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The tetravalent oxygen or sulphur centres, especially in H4 O2+ and H4 S2+ dications, were analysed experimentally and theoretically in various studies. Herein, we discuss stabilities of such centres in related H(CH3 )3 O2+ and H(CH3 )3 S2+ dications mediated by carborane superacid. The ωB97X-D/6-311++G(d,p) calculations were performed for a gas phase and for different solvents characterized by a wide range of dielectric constants for complexes of these dications with the conjugated base of H(CHB11 F11 ) carborane superacid, CHB11 F11 - , which indicate that these complexes are linked by hydrogen bonds. The Quantum Theory of 'Atoms in Molecules' (QTAIM) approach is applied to characterize these interactions. DFT results show that tetravalent oxygen and sulphur structures are additionally stabilized by polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir J Grabowski
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbo, Euskadi, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbo, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Elena Formoso
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Farmazia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Euskaldi, Spain
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
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42
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Sturm AG, Santowski T, Schweizer JI, Meyer L, Lewis KM, Felder T, Auner N, Holthausen MC. Making Use of the Direct Process Residue: Synthesis of Bifunctional Monosilanes. Chemistry 2019; 25:8499-8502. [PMID: 31026105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The industrial production of monosilanes Men SiCl4-n (n=1-3) through the Müller-Rochow Direct Process generates disilanes Men Si2 Cl6-n (n=2-6) as unwanted byproducts ("Direct Process Residue", DPR) by the thousands of tons annually, large quantities of which are usually disposed of by incineration. Herein we report a surprisingly facile and highly effective protocol for conversion of the DPR: hydrogenation with complex metal hydrides followed by Si-Si bond cleavage with HCl/ether solutions gives (mostly bifunctional) monosilanes in excellent yields. Competing side reactions are efficiently suppressed by the appropriate choice of reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Sturm
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Santowski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Julia I Schweizer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lioba Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Kenrick M Lewis
- Momentive Performance Materials, 769 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Thorsten Felder
- Momentive Performance Materials, Chempark, 51368, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Norbert Auner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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43
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Niemann M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Synthesis, Properties, and Application of Tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)gallate, [Ga(C
2
F
5
)
4
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8938-8942. [PMID: 30990930 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Niemann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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44
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Kanazawa J, Kitazawa Y, Uchiyama M. Recent Progress in the Synthesis of the Monocarba-closo-dodecaborate(-) Anions. Chemistry 2019; 25:9123-9132. [PMID: 30908764 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This Concept article focuses on the rapid growth in studies of the chemistry of the monocarba-closo-dodecaborate(-) anion (C1 carborane anion). As one of the most stable anions known, the C1 carborane anion has been useful for exploring the chemistry of highly reactive cations. On the other hand, development of novel functional molecules utilizing the unique properties of C1 carborane anion (e.g., σ-aromaticity, rigid spherical skeleton) has progressed more slowly. The main reason for this is the relatively undeveloped state of synthetic chemistry in this area. Recent advances in the synthetic chemistry of C1 carborane anion are highlighted in this Concept article, focusing on cross-coupling reactions at the carbon vertex, direct conversion of B-H bonds, and the synthesis of multivalent weakly coordinating anions. These progressions move this species beyond its well-established role of highly stable "counter" monocharged anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Cluster of Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yu Kitazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Cluster of Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Cluster of Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
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45
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Niemann M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Synthese, Eigenschaften und Anwendung von Tetrakis(pentafluorethyl)gallat, [Ga(C
2
F
5
)
4
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Niemann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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46
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Díaz-Tinoco M, Ortiz J. Carborane superhalide bases and their conjugate Brønsted-Lowry Superacids: Electron binding energies and Dyson orbitals. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Srivastava AK. O H2+1+ clusters: A new series of non-metallic superalkali cations by trapping H3O+ into water. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 88:292-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Saá JM, Lillo VJ, Mansilla J. Catalysis by Networks of Cooperative Hydrogen Bonds. NONCOVALENT INTERACTIONS IN CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788016490-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The main paradigm of today's chemistry is sustainability. In pursuing sustainability, we need to learn from chemical processes carried out by Nature and realize that Nature does not use either strong acids, or strong bases or fancy reagents to achieve outstanding chemical processes. Instead, enzyme activity leans on the cooperation of several chemical entities to avoid strong acids or bases or to achieve such an apparently simple goal as transferring a proton from an NuH unit to an E unit (NuH + E → Nu–EH). Hydrogen bond catalysis emerged strongly two decades ago in trying to imitate Nature and avoid metal catalysis. Now to mount another step in pursuing the goal of sustainability, the focus is upon cooperativity between the different players involved in catalysis. This chapter looks at the concept of cooperativity and, more specifically, (a) examines the role of cooperative hydrogen bonded arrays of the general type NuH⋯(NuH)n⋯NuH (i.e. intermolecular cooperativity) to facilitate general acid–base catalysis, not only in the solution phase but also under solvent-free and catalyst-free conditions, and, most important, (b) analyzes the capacity of designer chiral organocatalysts displaying intramolecular networks of cooperative hydrogen bonds (NCHBs) to facilitate enantioselective synthesis by bringing conformational rigidity to the catalyst in addition to simultaneously increasing the acidity of key hydrogen atoms so to achieve better complementarity in the highly polarized transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Saá
- Department de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Illes Balears Spain
| | - Victor J. Lillo
- Department de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Illes Balears Spain
| | - Javier Mansilla
- Department de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Illes Balears Spain
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49
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Shang X, Liu ZZ, Lu SS, Dong B, Chi JQ, Qin JF, Liu X, Chai YM, Liu CG. Pt-C Interfaces Based on Electronegativity-Functionalized Hollow Carbon Spheres for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43561-43569. [PMID: 30521308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction activity of carbon-supported Pt catalyst is highly dependent on Pt-C interfaces. Herein, we focus on the relationships between Pt activity and N/O-functionalized hollow carbon sphere (HCS) substrate in acidic media. The electrochemical dissolution of Pt counter electrode is performed to prepare Pt nanoparticles in low loading. The N groups are beneficial for homogeneously sized Pt nanoparticles, whereas the O groups lead to aggregated nanoparticles. Moreover, the proper electronegativity of the N groups may enable capturing of protons to create proton-rich Pt-C interfaces and transfer them onto the Pt sites. The O groups may also capture protons by hydrogen bonding, but the subsequent release of protons is more difficult due to a stronger electronegativity and result in an inferior Pt activity. Consequently, the N-doped HCS with a low Pt loading (1.7 μg cm-2 and 0.05 wt %) possesses a higher intrinsic activity compared with Pt on O-doped HCS. Moreover, it outperforms the commercial 20% Pt/C with a stable operation for 12 h. This work may provide suggestions for constructing the advantageous Pt-C interfaces by proper functional groups for high catalytic efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P. R. China
| | - Zi-Zhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P. R. China
| | - Jing-Qi Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P. R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P. R. China
| | - Xien Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Yong-Ming Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P. R. China
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P. R. China
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50
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Sturm AG, Schweizer JI, Meyer L, Santowski T, Auner N, Holthausen MC. Lewis Base Catalyzed Selective Chlorination of Monosilanes. Chemistry 2018; 24:17796-17801. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Sturm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Julia I. Schweizer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Lioba Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Tobias Santowski
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Norbert Auner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Max C. Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
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