1
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Fan C, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Guo L, Li M, Xin C. A miniaturized tunable optical attenuator with ultrawide bandwidth based on evanescent-field coupling between nanofibers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18503. [PMID: 39122933 PMCID: PMC11316124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel miniaturized optical attenuator based on the evanescent-field coupling between two nanofibers. Benefiting from a wavelength-dependent waveguiding property of the coupled structure, a tunable attenuation with maximum extinction ratio of ~ 20 dB is demonstrated with an ultrawide optical bandwidth up to 0.7 μm in experiment. The wavelength-depended waveguiding properties of both one single nanofiber and coupled nanofibers are investigated in both theory and simulation. Using an adiabatic coupling structure, an attenuation range from - 0.16 dB to - 18.46 dB is obtained within a spectrum from 1.2 μm to 1.7 μm experimentally. Moreover, the simulated results indicate that, the attenuation only shows a slight change of ~ 0.1 dB with a lateral misalignment of 0.5 μm between the two nanofibers, indicating a high tolerance of this attenuator to the lateral misalignment. Considering the wide bandwidth as well as the ultracompact structure, this attenuator shows high potential in applications such as all-fiber optical sensing and communicating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Fan
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lijun Guo
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Mengwei Li
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China.
- School of Instrument and Intelligent Future Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China.
| | - Chenguang Xin
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China.
- School of Instrument and Intelligent Future Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China.
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2
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Bae J, Yoo C, Yoon SY, Seol SK, Pyo J. Emission Directionality of 3D-Printed Photonic Nanowires. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16265-16273. [PMID: 38864726 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Photonic devices can be advanced by increasing the density of the integrated optical components. As the integration density increases, the potential for signal interference between adjacent components, optical crosstalk, becomes a concern. To address the crosstalk issue, it is crucial to identify the emission directionality of the integrated optical components. In this study, we investigate the emission directionality of 3D printed light-emitting nano/microwires. We experimentally and numerically showed that when the diameter is reduced below the single-mode cutoff, the emission becomes noticeably directional. In addition, our demonstrations on pairs of closely positioned wires show that optical crosstalk can be effectively avoided by reducing the diameter to the nanoscale to exploit the strong directionality of its emission. We expect that our study can be applied to various fundamental research and applications in the fields of photonics, optical communication, sensing, and imaging, where the directionality of the emissions is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongcheon Bae
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Chanbin Yoo
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electric Energy & Materials Engineering, KERI School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
| | - Seog-Young Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Seol
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electric Energy & Materials Engineering, KERI School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Pyo
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electric Energy & Materials Engineering, KERI School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
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3
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Zhang J, Kang Y, Guo X, Li Y, Liu K, Xie Y, Wu H, Cai D, Gong J, Shi Z, Jin Y, Wang P, Fang W, Zhang L, Tong L. High-power continuous-wave optical waveguiding in a silica micro/nanofibre. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:89. [PMID: 37029112 PMCID: PMC10082085 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As miniature fibre-optic platforms, micro/nanofibres (MNFs) taper-drawn from silica fibres have been widely studied for applications from optical sensing, nonlinear optics to optomechanics and atom optics. While continuous-wave (CW) optical waveguiding is frequently adopted, so far almost all MNFs are operated in low-power region (e.g., <0.1 W). Here, we demonstrate high-power low-loss CW optical waveguiding in MNFs around 1550-nm wavelength. We show that a pristine MNF, even with a diameter down to 410 nm, can waveguide an optical power higher than 10 W, which is about 30 times higher than demonstrated previously. Also, we predict an optical damage threshold of 70 W. In high-power CW waveguiding MNFs, we demonstrate high-speed optomechanical driving of microparticles in air, and second harmonic generation efficiency higher than those pumped by short pulses. Our results may pave a way towards high-power MNF optics, for both scientific research and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Kang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Institute of Zhejiang University, 314000, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Yuhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Keying Liu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Cai
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Gong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangxing Shi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Jin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Institute of Zhejiang University, 314000, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Institute of Zhejiang University, 314000, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Limin Tong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Institute of Zhejiang University, 314000, Jiaxing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Luo A, Zhu C, Li Z, Wu X. Ultra-confined Propagating Exciton-Plasmon Polaritons Enabled by Cavity-Free Strong Coupling: Beating Plasmonic Trade-Offs. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:109. [PMID: 36399213 PMCID: PMC9674826 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid coupling systems consisting of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) and plasmonic nanostructures have emerged as a promising platform to explore exciton-plasmon polaritons. However, the requisite cavity/resonator for strong coupling introduces extra complexities and challenges for waveguiding applications. Alternatively, plasmonic nano-waveguides can also be utilized to provide a non-resonant approach for strong coupling, while their utility is limited by the plasmonic confinement-loss and confinement-momentum trade-offs. Here, based on a cavity-free approach, we overcome these constraints by theoretically strong coupling of a monolayer TMD to a single metal nanowire, generating ultra-confined propagating exciton-plasmon polaritons (PEPPs) that beat the plasmonic trade-offs. By leveraging strong-coupling-induced reformations in energy distribution and combining favorable properties of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and excitons, the generated PEPPs feature ultra-deep subwavelength confinement (down to 1-nm level with mode areas ~ 10-4 of λ2), long propagation length (up to ~ 60 µm), tunable dispersion with versatile mode characters (SPP- and exciton-like mode characters), and small momentum mismatch to free-space photons. With the capability to overcome the trade-offs of SPPs and the compatibility for waveguiding applications, our theoretical results suggest an attractive guided-wave platform to manipulate exciton-plasmon interactions at the ultra-deep subwavelength scale, opening new horizons for waveguiding nano-polaritonic components and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aoning Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing and Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Intelligent Optics and Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Controlled filamentation instability as a scalable fabrication approach to flexible metamaterials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6154. [PMID: 36257953 PMCID: PMC9579152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Long and flexible arrays of nanowires find impactful applications in sensing, photonics, and energy harvesting. Conventional manufacturing relies largely on lithographic methods limited in wafer size, rigidity, and machine write time. Here, we report a scalable process to generate encapsulated flexible nanowire arrays with high aspect ratios and excellent tunable size and periodicity. Our strategy is to control nanowire self-assembly into 2D and 3D architectures via the filamentation of a textured thin film under anisotropic stretching. This is achieved by coupling soft lithography, glancing angle deposition, and thermal drawing to obtain well-ordered meters-long nanowires with diameters down to 50 nanometers. We demonstrate that the nanowire diameter and period of the array can be decoupled and manipulated independently. We propose a filamentation criterion and perform numerical simulations implementing destabilizing long-range Van der Waals interactions. Applied to high-index chalcogenide glasses, we show that this decoupling allows for tuning diffraction. Finally, harnessing Mie resonance, we demonstrate the possibility of manufacturing macroscopic meta-grating superstructures for nanophotonic applications. The simple and scalable fabrication of high aspect ratio encapsulated flexible nanowire arrays with controlled size and periodicity is demonstrated and modelled, enabling nanophotonics applications requiring long-range order over several meters.
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6
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Lin X, Zhou W, Liu Y, Shu FJ, Zou CL, Dong C, Wei C, Dong H, Zhang C, Yao J, Zhao YS. 3D-Printed Möbius Microring Lasers: Topology Engineering in Photonic Microstructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202812. [PMID: 35871550 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating photons in artificially structured materials is highly desired in modern photonic technology. Nontrivial topological structures are rapidly emerging as a state-of-art platform for achieving unprecedented fascinating phenomena of photon manipulation. However, the current studies mainly focus on planar structures, and the fabrication of photonic microstructures with specific topological geometric features still remains a great challenge. Extending the topological photonics to 3D microarchitectures is expected to enrich the photon manipulation capabilities and further advance the topological photonic devices. Here, a femtosecond laser direct writing technique is employed to fabricate 3D topological Möbius microring resonators from dye-doped polymer. The high-quality-factor Möbius microring resonator supports a unique spin-orbit coupled lasing at very low threshold. Due to the spin-orbit coupling induced geometric/Berry phase, the Möbius microrings, in striking contrast with ordinary microrings, output laser signals with all polarization states. The manipulation of miniaturized coherent light sources in the fabricated Möbius microrings represents a significant step forward toward 3D topological photonics that offers a novel design philosophy for functional photonic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fang-Jie Shu
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Microcavity and Photoelectric Intelligent Sensing, School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chunhua Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Bolshakov AD, Shishkin I, Machnev A, Petrov M, Kirilenko DA, Fedorov VV, Mukhin IS, Ginzburg P. Single GaP nanowire nonlinear characterization with the aid of an optical trap. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:993-1000. [PMID: 34989740 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04790f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires exhibit numerous capabilities to advance the development of future optoelectronic devices. Among the III-V material family, gallium phosphide (GaP) is an attractive platform with low optical absorption and high nonlinear susceptibility, making it especially promising for nanophotonic applications. However, investigation of single nanostructures and their waveguiding properties remains challenging owing to typically planar experimental arrangements. Here we study the linear and nonlinear waveguiding optical properties of a single GaP nanowire in a special experimental layout, where an optically trapped structure is aligned along its major axis. We demonstrate efficient second harmonic generation in individual nanowires and unravel phase matching conditions, linking between linear guiding properties of the structure and its nonlinear tensorial susceptibility. The capability to pick up single nanowires, sort them with the aid of optomechanical manipulation and accurately position pre-tested structures opens a new avenue for the generation of optoelectronic origami-type devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey D Bolshakov
- Alferov University (formerly St Petersburg Academic University), 194021 St Petersburg, Russia.
- Centre for Photonics and Two-Dimensional Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- ITMO University, 197101 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan Shishkin
- ITMO University, 197101 St Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Electrical Engineering Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Andrey Machnev
- Department of Electrical Engineering Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | - Demid A Kirilenko
- ITMO University, 197101 St Petersburg, Russia
- Ioffe Institute, Saint-Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Fedorov
- Alferov University (formerly St Petersburg Academic University), 194021 St Petersburg, Russia.
- Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan S Mukhin
- Alferov University (formerly St Petersburg Academic University), 194021 St Petersburg, Russia.
- ITMO University, 197101 St Petersburg, Russia
- Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Centre for Photonics and Two-Dimensional Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Electrical Engineering Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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8
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Chen PG, Li Z, Qi Y, Lo TW, Wang S, Jin W, Wong KY, Fan S, Zayats AV, Lei D. Long-Range Directional Routing and Spatial Selection of High-Spin-Purity Valley Trion Emission in Monolayer WS 2. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18163-18171. [PMID: 34730338 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Valley-dependent excitation and emission in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently emerged as a new avenue for optical data manipulation, quantum optical technologies, and chiral photonics. The valley-polarized electronic states can be optically addressed through photonic spin-orbit interaction of excitonic emission, typically with plasmonic nanostructures, but their performance is limited by the low quantum yield of neutral excitons in TMDC multilayers and the large Ohmic loss of plasmonic systems. Here, we demonstrate a valleytronic system based on the trion emission in high-quantum-yield WS2 monolayers chirally coupled to a low-loss microfiber. The integrated system uses the spin properties of the waveguided modes to achieve long-range directional routing of valley excitations and also provides an approach to selectively address valley-dependent emission from different spatial locations around the microfiber. This valleytronic interface can be integrated with fiber communication devices, allowing for merging valley polarization and chiral photonics as an alternative mechanism for optical information transport and manipulation in classical and quantum regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Gang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yun Qi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tsz Wing Lo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shubo Wang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4088, United States
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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9
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Abstract
With diameters close to the wavelength of the guided light, optical microfibers (MFs) can guide light with tight optical confinement, strong evanescent fields and manageable waveguide dispersion and have been widely investigated in the past decades for a variety of applications. Compared to silica MFs, which are ideal for working in visible and near-infrared regions, chalcogenide glass (ChG) MFs are promising for mid-infrared (mid-IR) optics, owing to their easy fabrication, broad-band transparency and high nonlinearity, and have been attracting increasing attention in applications ranging from near-field coupling and molecular sensing to nonlinear optics. Here, we review this emerging field, mainly based on its progress in the last decade. Starting from the high-temperature taper drawing technique for MF fabrication, we introduce basic mid-IR waveguiding properties of typical ChG MFs made of As2S3 and As2Se3. Then, we focus on ChG-MF-based passive optical devices, including optical couplers, resonators and gratings and active and nonlinear applications of ChG MFs for mid-IR Raman lasers, frequency combs and supercontinuum (SC) generation. MF-based spectroscopy and chemical/biological sensors are also introduced. Finally, we conclude the review with a brief summary and an outlook on future challenges and opportunities of ChG MFs.
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10
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Ge H, Sheng C, Zhu S, Liu H. Observation of the acceleration of light in a tapered optical fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:27212-27218. [PMID: 34615141 DOI: 10.1364/oe.428511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the most fascinating aspects of quantum fields in curved spacetime is the Unruh effect. The direct experimental detection of Unruh temperature has remained an elusive challenge up to now. Gradient optical waveguides manipulating the dispersion of photons are assumed to realize the great acceleration of effective particles, leading to a high effective Unruh temperature. However, experimentally achieving this optical waveguide has not yet been reported. In this work, we exploit a tapered fiber to simulate the accelerated motion of effective particles and obtain an effective Unruh temperature. When light propagating in a tapered fiber is affected by the external high refractive index medium, a leaky phenomenon akin to bremsstrahlung will be observed, and the pattern of leaky radiation is dependent on the acceleration of photons. During the experiments, different accelerations corresponding to different Unruh temperatures are achieved by controlling the shape of the tapered waveguide.
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11
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Liaw JW, Mao SY, Luo JY, Ku YC, Kuo MK. Surface plasmon polaritons of higher-order mode and standing waves in metallic nanowires. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:18876-18888. [PMID: 34154134 DOI: 10.1364/oe.425958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of higher-order mode propagating along a plasmonic nanowire (NW) or an elongated nanorod (NR) are studied theoretically. The dispersion relations of SPPs in NWs of different radii, obtained from a transcendental equation, show that the propagation lengths of SPPs of mode 1 and 2 at a specific frequency are longer than that of mode 0. For the higher-order mode, the spatial phase of the longitudinal component of electric field at a cross section of a NW exhibits the topological singularity, which indicates the optical vortex. Of importance, the streamlines of Poynting vector of these SPPs exhibit a helical winding along NW, and the azimuthal component of orbital momentum density exists in the nearfield of NW to produce a longitudinal orbital angular momentum (OAM). Two types of standing wave of counter-propagating SPPs of mode 1 and 2 are also studied; they perform as a string of beads or twisted donut depending on whether the handedness of two opposite-direction propagating SPPs is same or opposite. In addition, a SPP of mode 1 propagating along an elongated NR can be generated by means of an end-fire excitation of crossed electric bi-dipole with 90° phase difference. If the criterion of a resonator for a mode-1 standing wave (string of beads) is met, the configuration of a plasmonic NR associated with a pair of bi-dipoles with a phase delay (0° or 180°) at the two ends can be applied as a high-efficiency nanoantenna of transmission. Our results may pave a way to the further study of SPPs of higher-order mode carrying OAM along plasmonic waveguides.
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12
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Dong H, Zhang C, Shu FJ, Zou CL, Yan Y, Yao J, Zhao YS. Superkinetic Growth of Oval Organic Semiconductor Microcrystals for Chaotic Lasing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100484. [PMID: 33783062 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of novel mesoscopic semiconductor architectures continually generates new photonic knowledge and applications. However, it remains a great challenge to synthesize semiconductor microcrystals with smoothly curved surfaces owing to the crystal growth anisotropy. Here, a superkinetic crystal growth method is developed to synthesize 2D oval organic semiconductor microcrystals. The solid source dispersion induces an exceptionally large molecular supersaturation for vapor deposition, which breaks the crystal growth anisotropy. The synthesized stadium-shaped organic semiconductor microcrystals naturally constitute fully chaotic optical microresonators. They support low-threshold lasing on high-quality-factor scar modes localized near the stadium boundary and directional laser emission assisted by the chaotic modes. These results will reshape the understanding of the crystal growth theory and provide valuable guidance for crystalline photonic materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fang-Jie Shu
- Engineering Research Center for Photoelectric Intelligent Sensing, Department of Physics, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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13
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Tang Y, Liu H, Pan J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Yao N, Zhang L, Tong L. Optical Micro/Nanofiber-Enabled Compact Tactile Sensor for Hardness Discrimination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4560-4566. [PMID: 33435667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical micro/nanofibers (MNFs) can be applied for ultrasensitive tactile sensing with fast response and compact size, which are attractive for restoring tactile information in minimally invasive robotic surgery and tissue palpation. Herein, we present a compact tactile sensor (CTS) with a diameter of 1.5 mm enabled by an optical MNF. The CTS provides continuous readouts for high-fidelity transduction of touch and pressure stimuli into interpretable optical signals, which permit instantaneous sensing of contact and pressure with pressure-sensing sensitivity as high as 0.108 mN-1 and a resolution of 0.031 mN. Working in pressing mode, the CTS can discriminate the difference in the hardness of two poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) slats (with shore A of 36 and 40) directly, a hardness resolving ability even beyond the human hands. Benefitting from the fast response feature, the CTS can also be operated in either scanning or tapping mode, making it feasible for hardness identification by analyzing the shape of the response curve. As a proof of concept, the hardness discrimination of a pork liver and an adductor muscle was experimentally demonstrated. Such MNF-enabled compact tactile sensors may pave the way for hardness sensing in tissue palpation, surgical robotics, and object identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ni Yao
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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14
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Cui C, Park DH, Ahn DJ. Organic Semiconductor-DNA Hybrid Assemblies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002213. [PMID: 33035387 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are photonic and electronic materials with high luminescence, quantum efficiency, color tunability, and size-dependent optoelectronic properties. The self-assembly of organic molecules enables the establishment of a fabrication technique for organic micro- and nano-architectures with well-defined shapes, tunable sizes, and defect-free structures. DNAs, a class of biomacromolecules, have recently been used as an engineering material capable of intricate nanoscale structuring while simultaneously storing biological genetic information. Here, the up-to-date research on hybrid materials made from organic semiconductors and DNAs is presented. The trends in photonic and electronic phenomena discovered in DNA-functionalized and DNA-driven organic semiconductor hybrids, comprising small molecules and polymers, are observed. Various hybrid forms of solutions, arrayed chips, nanowires, and crystalline particles are discussed, focusing on the role of DNA in the hybrids. Furthermore, the recent technical advances achieved in the integration of DNAs in light-emitting devices, transistors, waveguides, sensors, and biological assays are presented. DNAs not only serve as a recognizing element in organic-semiconductor-based sensors, but also as an active charge-control material in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhi Cui
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Dong Hyuk Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Dong June Ahn
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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15
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Kim S, Cui C, Huang J, Noh H, Park DH, Ahn DJ. Bio-Photonic Waveguide of a DNA-Hybrid Semiconductor Prismatic Hexagon. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005238. [PMID: 32969091 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A successful identification of DNA-DNA recognition, based on the waveguide effect of a 1D hybrid prismatic hexagon crystal interfacing of DNA with an organic semiconductor is achieved. This bio-hybrid 1D crystal simultaneously discerns the complementary case at its one end against a 1-mer mismatch in 27-mer nucleic acid sequence at the other end. The loss coefficient value of this waveguide is estimated to be 0.159 µm-1 for the perfect match, which is a stark discrepancy compared to 0.244 µm-1 for the 1-mer mismatch, implying waveguide performance with a higher efficiency. These results demonstrate successfully that multiple biological interactions can be realized by the optical waveguide of the single 1D bio-hybrid-crystal and will push this class of materials into bio-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokho Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunzhi Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Jingyuan Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeso Noh
- Department of Nano and Electronic Physics, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong June Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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16
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Zhang Z, Pan J, Tang Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Gong Y, Tong L. Optical micro/nanofibre embedded soft film enables multifunctional flow sensing in microfluidic chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2572-2579. [PMID: 32573608 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips have been proven to be a powerful technical platform for chemical synthesis, biomedical research, and optofluidic devices. Here, we report a smart microfluidic chip (SMC) with multiple functionality to sense the status or incidents occurring on chip. The SMC is enabled by a soft, flexible and attachable film embedded with optical micro/nanofibres (MNFs), which is highly compatible with microfluidic chips fabricated by lithography. Based on the transition from guided modes to radiation modes of the MNFs, simultaneous flow rate detection in multiple channels is demonstrated on a SMC with high sensitivity. The MNF-enabled SMC is also capable of monitoring the transportation and morphology of microfluidic droplets with fast response. In addition, real-time counting of the magnetic droplets is performed to verify the SMC's anti-electromagnetic interference ability. This SMC is unique and may play an important role in microreactors, droplet microfluidics and optofluidic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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17
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Chen Y, Ai B, Wong ZJ. Soft optical metamaterials. NANO CONVERGENCE 2020; 7:18. [PMID: 32451734 PMCID: PMC7248166 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-020-00226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Optical metamaterials consist of artificially engineered structures exhibiting unprecedented optical properties beyond natural materials. Optical metamaterials offer many novel functionalities, such as super-resolution imaging, negative refraction and invisibility cloaking. However, most optical metamaterials are comprised of rigid materials that lack tunability and flexibility, which hinder their practical applications. This limitation can be overcome by integrating soft matters within the metamaterials or designing responsive metamaterial structures. In addition, soft metamaterials can be reconfigured via optical, electrical, thermal and mechanical stimuli, thus enabling new optical properties and functionalities. This paper reviews different types of soft and reconfigurable optical metamaterials and their fabrication methods, highlighting their exotic properties. Future directions to employ soft optical metamaterials in next-generation metamaterial devices are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Bin Ai
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Zi Jing Wong
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA.
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18
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Jiang Y, Yi Y, Brambilla G, Wang P. Ultra-high-sensitivity refractive index sensor based on dual-microfiber coupler structure with the Vernier effect. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1268-1271. [PMID: 32108822 DOI: 10.1364/ol.385345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, refractive index (RI) sensor based on the Vernier effect in dual-microfiber coupler (MFC) structures. The sensor sensitivity was studied both theoretically and experimentally. The numerical results show that by tracing the wavelength shifts of the envelope formed by the Vernier effect, the sensitivity can be improved by several times compared to that obtained for normal coupler-based sensors. In this Letter, two MFCs with a width and free spectral range (FSR) of $\sim{3.5}\;{\unicode{x00B5} \rm m}$∼3.5µm and 6 nm, respectively, were fabricated. Based on the sensitivity of 5820 nm/RIU for a single coupler, we experimentally achieved an ultra-high sensitivity of 126,540 nm/RIU using dual MFCs by the Vernier effect in the RI range of 1.3350 to 1.3455, which shows good agreement with numerical simulations. The proposed all-fiber RI sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity and low cost and can find applications in chemical and biological detection as well as electronic/magnetic field measurement.
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19
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Zhu X, Xu J, Zhang H, Cui X, Guo Y, Cheng S, Kan C, Wang J. Gold nanobipyramid-embedded ultrathin metal nanoframes for in situ monitoring catalytic reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3198-3207. [PMID: 34122825 PMCID: PMC8157342 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06475c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoframes, especially ultrathin ones, with excellent plasmonic properties are synthetically interesting and highly attractive. Herein we report on the synthesis of Au nanobipyramid-embedded ultrathin metal nanoframes with one of the plasmon modes very similar to that of the Au nanobipyramids. The synthesis is mediated by silver coating on Au nanobipyramids. The excellent plasmonic properties of the Au nanobipyramid-embedded ultrathin metal nanoframes are ascribed to the little influence of the ultrathin metal nanoframes on the Au nanobipyramids, as verified by electrodynamic simulations. The increase in the amount of the added metal atoms changes the nanostructure from the nanoframe to a nanocage shape. The method has also been successfully applied to (Au nanobipyramid)@Ag nanorods with different lengths and Au nanobipyramids with different longitudinal dipolar plasmon wavelengths, suggesting the generality of our approach. We have further shown that the Au nanobipyramid-embedded ultrathin metal nanoframes possess an excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering and outstanding in situ reaction probing performance. Our study opens up a route for the construction of plasmonic ultrathin metal nanoframes based on Au nanobipyramids for plasmon-enabled applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhong Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ximin Cui
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yanzhen Guo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Si Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215021 China
| | - Caixia Kan
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
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20
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Liu W, Yu H, Hu R, Xu T, Lun Y, Gan J, Xu S, Yang Z, Tang BZ. Microlasers from AIE-Active BODIPY Derivative. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907074. [PMID: 32003921 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic microlasers have attracted much attention due to their unique features such as high mechanical flexibility, facile doping of gain materials, high optical quality, simplicity and low-cost fabrication. However, organic gain materials usually suffer from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), preventing further advances of organic microlasers. Here, a new type of microlaser from aggregation-induced emission (AIE) material is successfully demonstrated. By introducing a typical noncrystalline AIE material, a high quality microlaser is obtained via a surface tension-induced self-assembly approach. Distinct from conventional organic microlasers, the organic luminescent material used here is initially nonluminescent but can shine after aggregation under optical pumping. Further investigations demonstrate that AIE-based microlasers exhibit advantages to enable much higher doping concentrations, which provides an alternative way to improved lasing performance including dramatically reduced threshold and favorable lasing stability. It is believed that these results could provide a promising way to extend the content of microlasers and open a new avenue to enable applications ranging from chemical sensing to biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huakang Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yipeng Lun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiulin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shanhui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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George D, Garcia A, Pham Q, Perez MR, Deng J, Nguyen MT, Zhou T, Martinez-Chapa SO, Won Y, Liu C, Lo RC, Ragan R, Madou M. Fabrication of patterned graphitized carbon wires using low voltage near-field electrospinning, pyrolysis, electrodeposition, and chemical vapor deposition. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:7. [PMID: 34567622 PMCID: PMC8433379 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a high-resolution nanopatterning method using low voltage electromechanical spinning with a rotating collector to obtain aligned graphitized micro and nanowires for carbon nanomanufacturing. A small wire diameter and a small inter-wire spacing were obtained by controlling the electric field, the spinneret-to-collector distance, the pyrolysis parameters, the linear speed of the spinneret, the rotational speed of the collector. Using a simple scaling analysis, we show how the straightness and the diameter of the wires can be controlled by the electric field and the distance of the spinneret to the collector. A small inter-wire spacing, as predicted by a simple model, was achieved by simultaneously controlling the linear speed of the spinneret and the rotational speed of the collector. Rapid drying of the polymer nanowires enabled the facile fabrication of suspended wires over various structures. Patterned polyacrylonitrile wires were carbonized using standard stabilization and pyrolysis to obtain carbon nanowires. Suspended carbon nanowires with a diameter of <50 nm were obtained. We also established a method for making patterned, highly graphitized structures by using the aforementioned carbon wire structures as a template for chemical vapor deposition of graphite. This patterning technique offers high throughput for nano writing, which outperforms other existing nanopatterning techniques, making it a potential candidate for large-scale carbon nanomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derosh George
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Adrian Garcia
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Quang Pham
- Materials and Manufacturing Technology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Mario Ramos Perez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Present Address: Mechanical Engineering, Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior Universidad, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Jufeng Deng
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | | | - Tuo Zhou
- Materials and Manufacturing Technology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | - Yoonjin Won
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Materials and Manufacturing Technology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Roger C. Lo
- Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, USA
| | - Regina Ragan
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Marc Madou
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
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22
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Guo X. Micro/Nanofiber-coupled low-dimensional structures for nanophotonic applications -INVITED. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023808003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical micro/nanofiber, with diameter close to the wavelength of the waveguided light, leaves a considerably large fractional evanescent fields for coupling with low-dimensional functional nanostructures. Here I introduce our works on 4micro/nanofiber-coupled low-dimensional structures for nanophotonic applications including gas sensing and ultrashort pulse measurement.
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23
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Micro-/Nanofiber Optics: Merging Photonics and Material Science on Nanoscale for Advanced Sensing Technology. iScience 2019; 23:100810. [PMID: 31931430 PMCID: PMC6957875 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-/nanofibers (MNFs) are optical fibers with diameters close to or below the wavelength of the guided light. These tiny fibers can offer engineerable waveguiding properties including optical confinement, fractional evanescent fields, and surface intensity, which is very attractive to optical sensing on the micro-/nano scale. In this review, we first introduce the basics of MNF optics and MNF optical sensors from physical and chemical to biological applications and review the progress and current status of this field. Then, we review and discuss hybrid MNF structures for advanced optical sensing by merging MNFs with functional structures including chemical indicators, quantum dots, dye molecules, plasmonic nanoparticles, 2-D materials, and optofluidic chips. Thirdly, we introduce the emerging trends in developing MNF-based advanced sensing technology for ultrasensitive, active, and wearable sensors and discuss the future prospects and challenges in this exciting research field. Finally, we end the review with a brief conclusion.
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24
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Han YG. Relative Humidity Sensors Based on Microfiber Knot Resonators-A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5196. [PMID: 31783606 PMCID: PMC6929164 DOI: 10.3390/s19235196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent research and development progress of relative humidity sensors using microfiber knot resonators (MKRs) are reviewed by considering the physical parameters of the MKR and coating materials sensitive to improve the relative humidity sensitivity. The fabrication method of the MKR based on silica or polymer is briefly described. The many advantages of the MKR such as strong evanescent field, a high Q-factor, compact size, and high sensitivity can provide a great diversity of sensing applications. The relative humidity sensitivity of the MKR is enhanced by concerning the physical parameters of the MKR, including the waist or knot diameter, sensitive materials, and Vernier effect. Many techniques for depositing the sensitive materials on the MKR surface are discussed. The adsorption effects of water vapor molecules on variations in the resonant wavelength and the transmission output of the MKR are described regarding the materials sensitive to relative humidity. The sensing performance of the MKR-based relative humidity sensors is discussed, including sensitivity, resolution, and response time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Geun Han
- Gimhae-Harvard Bioimaging Center, Gimhae Industry Promotion and Biomedical Foundation, Gimhae 50969, Korea;
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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25
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Liao F, Yu J, Gu Z, Yang Z, Hasan T, Linghu S, Peng J, Fang W, Zhuang S, Gu M, Gu F. Enhancing monolayer photoluminescence on optical micro/nanofibers for low-threshold lasing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax7398. [PMID: 31803834 PMCID: PMC6874480 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax7398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have direct bandgaps, the low room-temperature photoluminescence quantum yields (QYs), especially under high pump intensity, limit their practical applications. Here, we use a simple photoactivation method to enhance the room-temperature QYs of monolayer MoS2 grown on to silica micro/nanofibers by more than two orders of magnitude in a wide pump dynamic range. The high-density oxygen dangling bonds released from the tapered micro/nanofiber surface are the key to this strong enhancement of QYs. As the pump intensity increases from 10-1 to 104 W cm-2, our photoactivated monolayer MoS2 exhibits QYs from ~30 to 1% while maintaining high environmental stability, allowing direct lasing with greatly reduced thresholds down to 5 W cm-2. Our strategy can be extended to other TMDs and offers a solution to the most challenging problem toward the realization of efficient and stable light emitters at room temperature based on these atomically thin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liao
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System (Ministry of Education), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System (Ministry of Education), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhaoqi Gu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System (Ministry of Education), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zongyin Yang
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Shuangyi Linghu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System (Ministry of Education), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System (Ministry of Education), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System (Ministry of Education), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Min Gu
- Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Fuxing Gu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System (Ministry of Education), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Xin C, Zhang J, Xu P, Xie Y, Yao N, Zhou N, Guo X, Fang W, Tong L. Self-phase modulation in single CdTe nanowires. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:31800-31809. [PMID: 31684405 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We measure the transmission of near-infrared ps pulses through single CdTe nanowires. Benefitting from the strong light confinement and large effective nonlinearity of these nanowires, a significant spectral broadening of ∼ 5 nm and nonlinear phase shift of a few π due to self-phase modulation (SPM) is observed experimentally at coupled peak power of a dozen W with a propagating length down to several hundred µms. A nonlinear-index coefficient (n2) as high as (9.5 ± 1.4) × 10-17 m2/W at 1550 nm is extracted from transmission spectra, corresponding to a nonlinear parameter (γ) of ∼ 1050 W-1m-1. The simulations indicate a spectral broadening more than 1.5 µm in single nanowire when pumped by fs pulses in anomalous dispersion regime. The obtained results suggest that, CdTe nanowire is promising in developing ultracompact nonlinear optical devices for microphotonic circuits.
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Mei H, Pan J, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Tong L. Coiled Optical Nanofiber for Optofluidic Absorbance Detection. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2267-2271. [PMID: 31385506 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A challenge for optofluidic absorbance detection is the high concentration limit of detection due to the short optical path length. Herein, we introduce a concept of utilizing the coiled optical nanofiber for highly sensitive and robust optofluidic absorbance detection. Investigated by measuring the absorbance of FeCl3 solutions, the sensor shows a detection limit down to 10 μM with excellent reversibility in a concentration range of 0-5 mM. The sensitivity is 10-fold higher than that of standard absorbance measurement by using a 1 cm cuvette. Also, highly sensitive chloramphenicol sensing was demonstrated by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, achieving a detection limit below 0.5 ng/L. The higher sensitivity and lower detection limit are caused by the large fractional power of evanescent field outside the nanofiber and the long detection length, which can effectively improve the absorption of the evanescent field, while the excellent reversibility is caused by the support of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pillar rather than by suspending the nanofiber in the microchannel. We envision that the present work may open up new opportunities for ultrasensitive chemical and biological sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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28
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Shan Z, Hu X, Wang X, Tan Q, Yang X, Li Y, Liu H, Wang X, Huang W, Zhu X, Zhuang X, Sun YJ, Ma L, Zhang J, Schmidt OG, Agarwal R, Pan A. Phonon-Assisted Electro-Optical Switches and Logic Gates Based on Semiconductor Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901263. [PMID: 31243831 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-performance nanostructured electro-optical switches and logic gates are highly desirable as essential building blocks in integrated photonics. In contrast to silicon-based optoelectronic devices, with their inherent indirect optical bandgap, weak light-modulation mechanism, and sophisticated device configuration, direct-bandgap-semiconductor nanostructures with attractive electro-optical properties are promising candidates for the construction of nanoscale optical switches for on-chip photonic integrations. However, previously reported semiconductor-nanostructure optical switches suffer from serious drawbacks such as high drive voltage, limited operation spectral range, and low modulation depth. High-efficiency electro-optical switches based on single CdS nanobelts with low drive voltage, ultra-high on/off ratio, and broad operation wavelength range, properties resulting from unique electric-field-dependent phonon-assisted optical transitions, are demonstrated. Furthermore, functional NOT, NOR, and NAND optical logic gates are demonstrated based on these switches. These switches and optical logic gates represent an important step toward integrated photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Shan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Computer and Information Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xuelu Hu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qin Tan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yu-Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Zhang J, Li X, Liu D, Wang S, Yan J, Lu M, Xie X, Huang L, Huang W. Stirring revealed new functions of ethylenediamine and hydrazine in the morphology control of copper nanowires. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11902-11909. [PMID: 31184692 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01470e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cu nanowires, as promising candidates in many fields because of their merits, are commonly prepared by the solution phase based synthesis which is a simple and scalable method. However, precise control of the morphology, particularly surface roughness, of Cu nanowires is still challenging; and moreover, detailed formation mechanisms of Cu nanowires, in solution phase based synthesis, are still unclear. We here show the morphology manipulation of Cu nanowires by adjusting the stirring rate and the amounts of ethylenediamine and hydrazine (N2H4), yielding Cu nanowires with either smooth or rough surface. Importantly, according to our experimental results and theoretical investigation, new functions of ethylenediamine and N2H4 are found, and a growth process of Cu nanowires is proposed accordingly. In addition to typically accepted roles of ethylenediamine and N2H4, we find that ethylenediamine can facilitate the growth of Cu nanowires by etching Cu oxides and even Cu on the surface of Cu nanowires. Meanwhile, N2H4 molecules can modulate the growth of Cu nanowires as a capping agent, which can be easily influenced by stirring. Additionally, the as-synthesized Cu nanowires with different morphologies exhibit different optical and catalytic properties. This study provides new fundamental insights into the growth mechanism of Cu nanowires, and thus can facilitate controlled synthesis of Cu nanowires for further applications, including electronics, catalysis, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
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Wang D, Hua H, Liu Y, Tang H, Li Y. Single Ag Nanowire Electrodes and Single Pt@Ag Nanowire Electrodes: Fabrication, Electrocatalysis, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Applications. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4291-4295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Chaohu, Anhui 238000, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Hua
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Tang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
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31
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Sun Y, Xie X, Chen Y, Sun B, Wang C. Nanoscopic Spotlight in a Spindle Semiconductor Nanowire. ACS NANO 2019; 13:772-779. [PMID: 30615412 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Theoretically, no matter how thin a nanowire is, it can transport light in the form of an evanescent field. However, in practice, the low propagation efficiency induced by complex dissipation makes light transport difficult to realize when the nanowire is distinctly thinner than ∼ λ/2. Accordingly, nanowire photonics research at such a scale is limited. Herein, light propagation was achieved in a very thin spindle nanowire (diameter below 70 nm), in which a nanoscopic spotlight formed. The nanowire output a maximum emission in the transverse dimension as small as ∼53 nm. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation implied that the increased dimension gradient near the tip induced a maximum leakage of the propagating light at a transverse feature, precisely determined by the intrinsic feature of the nanowire. Moreover, a spectrum splitter phenomenon was observed and demonstrated based on the wavelength-dependent light propagation behavior in such a nanowire. These results contribute to the rational design of nanoscopic near-field illuminant, optoelectric, and photobiological probes with improved resolution largely superior to the so-called subwavelength level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province , Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangsheng Xie
- Department of Physics, College of Science , Shantou University , Shantou 515063 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhu Chen
- Key Lab of Numerical Controlled Technology , Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University , Guangzhou 510635 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province , Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province , Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
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32
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Li Q, Jia Y, Yang X, Dai L, Das B, Acharya S, Sun B, Yang Y, Liu X, Ariga K, Li J. Unidirectional Branching Growth of Dipeptide Single Crystals for Remote Light Multiplication and Collection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31-36. [PMID: 30574778 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report on the unidirectional branched assembly of diphenylalanine dipeptide through a one-step rapid evaporation process. Large numbers of crystalline tubular branches with smooth surfaces are developed from a hexagonal solid microrod mimicking a "Christmas tree". Density functional theory suggests the formation of tubular diphenylalanine aggregates with cis isomers. The diphenylalanine branched assembly shows good optical waveguide properties that can transmit light homogeneously along the crystal fibers as well as harvest light from the tips of branches to the microrod terminals. These findings hold importance in the development of bioinspired optical fibers for information transmission in a microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yi Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Luru Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Bidisa Das
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700 032 , India
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700 032 , India
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xingcen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8561 , Japan
| | - Junbai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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33
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Recent development of fiber-optic chemical sensors and biosensors: Mechanisms, materials, micro/nano-fabrications and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Alberucci A, Jisha CP, Nolte S. Photonic potential for TM waves. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4949-4952. [PMID: 30320791 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the effective photonic potential for TM waves in inhomogeneous isotropic media. The model provides an easy and intuitive comprehension of form birefringence, paving the way for a new approach on the design of graded-index optical waveguides on nanometric scales. We investigate the application to nanophotonic devices, including integrated nanoscale wave plates and slot waveguides.
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35
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Recent Advances of the Polymer Micro/Nanofiber Fluorescence Waveguide. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10101086. [PMID: 30961011 PMCID: PMC6404050 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Subwavelength optical micro/nanofibers have several advantages, such as compact optical wave field and large specific surface area, which make them widely used as basic building blocks in the field of micro-nano optical waveguide and photonic devices. Among them, polymer micro/nanofibers are among the first choices for constructing micro-nano photonic components and miniaturized integrated optical paths, as they have good mechanical properties and tunable photonic properties. At the same time, the structures of polymer chains, aggregated structures, and artificial microstructures all have unique effects on photons. These waveguided micro/nanofibers can be made up of not only luminescent conjugated polymers, but also nonluminous matrix polymers doped with luminescent dyes (organic and inorganic luminescent particles, etc.) due to the outstanding compatibility of polymers. This paper summarizes the recent progress of the light-propagated mechanism, novel design, controllable fabrication, optical modulation, high performance, and wide applications of the polymer micro/nanofiber fluorescence waveguide. The focus is on the methods for simplifying the preparation process and modulating the waveguided photon parameters. In addition, developing new polymer materials for optical transmission and improving transmission efficiency is discussed in detail. It is proposed that the multifunctional heterojunctions based on the arrangement and combination of polymer-waveguided micro/nanofibers would be an important trend toward the construction of more novel and complex photonic devices. It is of great significance to study and optimize the optical waveguide and photonic components of polymer micro/nanofibers for the development of intelligent optical chips and miniaturized integrated optical circuits.
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36
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Donahue PP, Zhang C, Nye N, Miller J, Wang CY, Tang R, Christodoulides D, Keating CD, Liu Z. Controlling Disorder by Electric-Field-Directed Reconfiguration of Nanowires To Tune Random Lasing. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7343-7351. [PMID: 29949714 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Top-down fabrication is commonly used to provide positioning control of optical structures; yet, it places stringent limitations on component materials, and oftentimes, dynamic reconfigurability is challenging to realize. Here, we present a reconfigurable nanoparticle platform that can integrate heterogeneous particle assembly of different shapes, sizes, and chemical compositions. We demonstrate dynamic control of disorder in this platform and use it to tune random laser emission characteristics for a suspension of titanium dioxide nanowires in a dye solution. Using an alternating current electric field, we control the nanowire orientation to dynamically engineer the collective scattering of the sample. Our theoretical model indicates that a change of up to 22% in scattering coefficient can be achieved for the experimentally determined nanowire length distribution upon alignment. Dependence of light confinement on anisotropic particle alignment provides a means to reversibly tune random laser characteristics; a nearly 20-fold increase in lasing intensity was observed with aligned particle orientation. We illustrate the generality of the approach by demonstrating enhanced lasing for aligned nanowires of other materials including gold, mixed gold/dielectric, and vanadium oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas Nye
- CREOL, The College of Optics & Photonics , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32816 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Demetrios Christodoulides
- CREOL, The College of Optics & Photonics , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32816 , United States
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Peng Y, Zhao Y, Chen MQ, Xia F. Research Advances in Microfiber Humidity Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800524. [PMID: 29855142 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the numerous latest research in microfiber humidity sensors is carried out with a specific focus on measurement methods, humidity sensitive materials, probe structures, and sensing properties of different sensors. First, five mainstream measurement structures, including taper, fiber grating, coupler, resonator, and interferometer are reviewed. It is concluded that these measurement structures sense the physicochemical property variations of microfibers or sensitive films and exhibit the change of optical signal when exposed to environment. Second, the basic preparation methods, humidity-sensing properties, and their advantages and disadvantages as humidity sensitive material are addressed. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of all the above sensing structures are also discussed and compared. Finally, the main existing problems and potential solutions of microfiber humidity sensors are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Mao-Qing Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Feng Xia
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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38
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Xin C, Wu H, Xie Y, Yu S, Zhou N, Shi Z, Guo X, Tong L. CdTe microwires as mid-infrared optical waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:10944-10952. [PMID: 29716023 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.010944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) has been proven to be an attractive mid-infrared (MIR) material with a large refractive index (~2.68 at 4.5 μm) and broadband transparency (~1 to 25 μm). CdTe microwires (MWs) with diameters from a few to about ten micrometers were fabricated by a thermal evaporation process. MIR light was coupled into and guided through individual MWs. Excellent optical waveguiding properties of these MWs are experimentally obtained within MIR spectral range (up to 8.6 μm), with waveguiding losses from 1.3 to 13 dB/cm. Our results show that CdTe MWs can be used as wavelength or subwavelength-width waveguides for MIR microphotonics or circuits.
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Micro/Nanofibre Optical Sensors: Challenges and Prospects. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18030903. [PMID: 30720780 PMCID: PMC5876663 DOI: 10.3390/s18030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanofibres (MNFs) are optical fibres with diameters close to or below the vacuum wavelength of visible or near-infrared light. Due to its wavelength- or sub-wavelength scale diameter and relatively large index contrast between the core and cladding, an MNF can offer engineerable waveguiding properties including optical confinement, fractional evanescent fields and surface intensity, which is very attractive to optical sensing on the micro and nanometer scale. In particular, the waveguided low-loss tightly confined large fractional evanescent fields, enabled by atomic level surface roughness and extraordinary geometric and material uniformity in a glass MNF, is one of its most prominent merits in realizing optical sensing with high sensitivity and great versatility. Meanwhile, the mesoporous matrix and small diameter of a polymer MNF, make it an excellent host fibre for functional materials for fast-response optical sensing. In this tutorial, we first introduce the basics of MNF optics and MNF optical sensors, and review the progress and current status of this field. Then, we discuss challenges and prospects of MNF sensors to some extent, with several clues for future studies. Finally, we conclude with a brief outlook for MNF optical sensors.
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40
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Lamson TL, Khan S, Wang Z, Zhang YK, Yu Y, Chen ZS, Xu H. Patterned Synthesis of ZnO Nanorod Arrays for Nanoplasmonic Waveguide Applications. OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2018; 411:53-58. [PMID: 30140109 PMCID: PMC6101049 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2017.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the patterned synthesis of ZnO nanorod arrays of diameters between 50 nm and 130 nm and various spacings. This was achieved by patterning hole arrays in a polymethyl methacrylate layer with electron beam lithography, followed by chemical synthesis of ZnO nanorods in the patterned holes using the hydrothermal method. The fabrication of ZnO nanorod waveguide arrays is also demonstrated by embedding the nanorods in a silver film using the electroplating process. Optical transmission measurement through the nanorod waveguide arrays is performed and strong resonant transmission of visible light is observed. We have found the resonance shifts to a longer wavelength with increasing nanorod diameter. Furthermore, the resonance wavelength is independent of the nanowaveguide array period, indicating the observed resonant transmission is the effect of a single ZnO nanorod waveguide. These nanorod waveguides may be used in single-molecule imaging and sensing as a result of the nanoscopic profile of the light transmitted through the nanorods and the controlled locations of these nanoscale light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Lamson
- Department of Physics, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Sahar Khan
- Department of Physics, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yun-Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Huizhong Xu
- Department of Physics, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
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41
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Shahzad MK, Zhang Y, Cui L, Liu L, Butt MK, Li H. Dispersing upconversion nanocrystals in PMMA microfiber: a novel methodology for temperature sensing. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19362-19368. [PMID: 35540973 PMCID: PMC9080707 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ phosphor by a thermal decomposition method, focusing on the fabrication of microfibers by the co-doping of nanocrystals with PMMA solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khuram Shahzad
- National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology
- Institute of Opto-Electronics
- Department of Electronics Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT)
- Harbin 150080
| | - Yundong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology
- Institute of Opto-Electronics
- Department of Electronics Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT)
- Harbin 150080
| | - Lugui Cui
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
- Ministry Education of China
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
- Ministry Education of China
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Mehwish Khalid Butt
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
- Ministry Education of China
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Hanyang Li
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
- Ministry Education of China
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150080
- China
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42
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Yan Y, Ye J, Wang K, Yao J, Zhao YS. Wavelength Division Multiplexer Based on Semiconductor Heterostructures Constructed via Nanoarchitectonics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14. [PMID: 29171727 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) at the micro/nanometer level is a considerable challenge that holds great potential in optical communication technology owing to the enlarged data-carrying capacity without laying more fibers. Of the progress that has been made in recent years, one of the most promising methods is to fabricate nanoscale pattern on silicon substrate, forcing signals of different wavelength to enter predesigned channels due to the alternant changes in refractive index. However, it is not an easy task to incorporate light sources into these WDM systems, because of the nonradiative characteristics of silicon itself. This study demonstrates a successful integration of laser signal sources and WDM fully with 1D semiconductor structures. Nanowires from II-VI semiconductor serve as both lasing media and low-loss waveguides for signal loading and delivering, respectively. On the basis of the distinct size-dependent cut-off effect, finely tuning the diameters of homojunctions would result in a controllable filtering of confined signal that light, beyond cut-off wavelength, cannot transfer within the narrowed segments any longer. These results pave the way for semiconductor photonic components toward integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jian Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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43
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Heterojunctions Based on II-VI Compound Semiconductor One-Dimensional Nanostructures and Their Optoelectronic Applications. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Elosua C, Arregui FJ, Villar ID, Ruiz-Zamarreño C, Corres JM, Bariain C, Goicoechea J, Hernaez M, Rivero PJ, Socorro AB, Urrutia A, Sanchez P, Zubiate P, Lopez-Torres D, Acha ND, Ascorbe J, Ozcariz A, Matias IR. Micro and Nanostructured Materials for the Development of Optical Fibre Sensors. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17102312. [PMID: 29019945 PMCID: PMC5676771 DOI: 10.3390/s17102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of chemical and biomedical parameters can take advantage of the features exclusively offered by optical fibre: passive nature, electromagnetic immunity and chemical stability are some of the most relevant ones. The small dimensions of the fibre generally require that the sensing material be loaded into a supporting matrix whose morphology is adjusted at a nanometric scale. Thanks to the advances in nanotechnology new deposition methods have been developed: they allow reagents from different chemical nature to be embedded into films with a thickness always below a few microns that also show a relevant aspect ratio to ensure a high transduction interface. This review reveals some of the main techniques that are currently been employed to develop this kind of sensors, describing in detail both the resulting supporting matrices as well as the sensing materials used. The main objective is to offer a general view of the state of the art to expose the main challenges and chances that this technology is facing currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Elosua
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Arregui
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Del Villar
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Zamarreño
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Jesus M Corres
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Candido Bariain
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier Goicoechea
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Hernaez
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pedro J Rivero
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Abian B Socorro
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Aitor Urrutia
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pedro Sanchez
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Zubiate
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Diego Lopez-Torres
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Nerea De Acha
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Joaquin Ascorbe
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Aritz Ozcariz
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ignacio R Matias
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
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45
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Zhu X, Yip HK, Zhuo X, Jiang R, Chen J, Zhu XM, Yang Z, Wang J. Realization of Red Plasmon Shifts up to ∼900 nm by AgPd-Tipping Elongated Au Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13837-13846. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhong Zhu
- Key
Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education,
Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information
and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hang Kuen Yip
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Key
Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of
Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Jianli Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key
Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education,
Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information
and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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46
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Yilmaz M, Babur E, Ozdemir M, Gieseking RL, Dede Y, Tamer U, Schatz GC, Facchetti A, Usta H, Demirel G. Nanostructured organic semiconductor films for molecular detection with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:918-924. [PMID: 28783157 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated organic semiconductors have been explored in several optoelectronic devices, yet their use in molecular detection as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-active platforms is unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that SERS-active, superhydrophobic and ivy-like nanostructured films of a molecular semiconductor, α,ω-diperfluorohexylquaterthiophene (DFH-4T), can be easily fabricated by vapour deposition. DFH-4T films without any additional plasmonic layer exhibit unprecedented Raman signal enhancements up to 3.4 × 103 for the probe molecule methylene blue. The combination of quantum mechanical computations, comparative experiments with a fluorocarbon-free α,ω-dihexylquaterthiophene (DH-4T), and thin-film microstructural analysis demonstrates the fundamental roles of the π-conjugated core fluorocarbon substitution and the unique DFH-4T film morphology governing the SERS response. Furthermore, Raman signal enhancements up to ∼1010 and sub-zeptomole (<10-21 mole) analyte detection were accomplished by coating the DFH-4T films with a thin gold layer. Our results offer important guidance for the molecular design of SERS-active organic semiconductors and easily fabricable SERS platforms for ultrasensitive trace analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yilmaz
- Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Sinop University, 57000 Sinop, Turkey
| | - Esra Babur
- Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, 38080 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Rebecca L Gieseking
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Yavuz Dede
- Theoretical/Computational Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Tamer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
- Flexterra Inc., 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, 60077 Illinois, USA
| | - Hakan Usta
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, 38080 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Demirel
- Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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47
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Ferreira MFS, Castro-Camus E, Ottaway DJ, López-Higuera JM, Feng X, Jin W, Jeong Y, Picqué N, Tong L, Reinhard BM, Pellegrino PM, Méndez A, Diem M, Vollmer F, Quan Q. Roadmap on optical sensors. JOURNAL OF OPTICS (2010) 2017; 19:083001. [PMID: 29375751 PMCID: PMC5781231 DOI: 10.1088/2040-8986/aa7419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sensors are devices or systems able to detect, measure and convert magnitudes from any domain to an electrical one. Using light as a probe for optical sensing is one of the most efficient approaches for this purpose. The history of optical sensing using some methods based on absorbance, emissive and florescence properties date back to the 16th century. The field of optical sensors evolved during the following centuries, but it did not achieve maturity until the demonstration of the first laser in 1960. The unique properties of laser light become particularly important in the case of laser-based sensors, whose operation is entirely based upon the direct detection of laser light itself, without relying on any additional mediating device. However, compared with freely propagating light beams, artificially engineered optical fields are in increasing demand for probing samples with very small sizes and/or weak light-matter interaction. Optical fiber sensors constitute a subarea of optical sensors in which fiber technologies are employed. Different types of specialty and photonic crystal fibers provide improved performance and novel sensing concepts. Actually, structurization with wavelength or subwavelength feature size appears as the most efficient way to enhance sensor sensitivity and its detection limit. This leads to the area of micro- and nano-engineered optical sensors. It is expected that the combination of better fabrication techniques and new physical effects may open new and fascinating opportunities in this area. This roadmap on optical sensors addresses different technologies and application areas of the field. Fourteen contributions authored by experts from both industry and academia provide insights into the current state-of-the-art and the challenges faced by researchers currently. Two sections of this paper provide an overview of laser-based and frequency comb-based sensors. Three sections address the area of optical fiber sensors, encompassing both conventional, specialty and photonic crystal fibers. Several other sections are dedicated to micro- and nano-engineered sensors, including whispering-gallery mode and plasmonic sensors. The uses of optical sensors in chemical, biological and biomedical areas are described in other sections. Different approaches required to satisfy applications at visible, infrared and THz spectral regions are also discussed. Advances in science and technology required to meet challenges faced in each of these areas are addressed, together with suggestions on how the field could evolve in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário F S Ferreira
- Department of Physics, I3N-Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Enrique Castro-Camus
- Centro de Investigaciones en Optica A.C. Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre. Leon, Guanajuato, 37150, Mexico
| | - David J Ottaway
- Department of Physics and Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - José Miguel López-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group (GIF), Department TEISA, University of Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER-bbn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- IDIVAL, Instituto de Investigación Marques Valdecilla, E-39011 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Xian Feng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Applied Laser Technology; Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yoonchan Jeong
- Laser Engineering and Applications Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathalie Picqué
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1. D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Björn M Reinhard
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States of America
- Chemistry Department, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States of America
| | - Paul M Pellegrino
- RDRL-SEE-O, US Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States of America
| | - Alexis Méndez
- MCH Engineering LLC, Alameda, California 94501, United States of America
| | - Max Diem
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States of America
- Cireca Theranostics, LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Living Systems Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Qimin Quan
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States of America
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48
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Xu W, Lee TK, Moon BS, Zhou D, Song H, Kim YJ, Kwak SK, Chen P, Kim DH. Spectral and spatial characterization of upconversion luminescent nanocrystals as nanowaveguides. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9238-9245. [PMID: 28654108 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01745f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide upconversion (UC) luminescent nanocrystals exhibit a uniquely sharp multiband emission over a broad spectral bandwidth covering the ultraviolet region to the near-infrared (NIR) region when subjected to NIR excitation, which is vital for multichannel optical communication using wavelength-division multiplexing to achieve high transmission rates. In this study, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the spectral and spatial characterization of a single NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+(Yb3+,Er3+) UC nanocrystal as a nanowaveguide. We suggest that a UC nanocrystal can be used as a nanowaveguide because it produces a range of output colors simultaneously and provides unaltered emission bands during propagation. Via the observation of single NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+(Yb3+,Er3+) UC nanocrystals, we found, for the first time, that a single UC nanocrystal exhibited wavelength- and position-dependent UC emissions. In addition, by adding Ag coating to the UC nanocrystal to act as a plasmonic waveguide and introducing a photonic crystal, the scattering loss of the UC emissions was significantly suppressed in the middle of the NaYF4 nanocrystal, indicating efficient light guiding through the UC nanocrystal. Our discovery provides a basic understanding of the use of UC nanocrystals as nanowaveguides at the single-nanoparticle level, expanding our knowledge of the performance optimization of UC nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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49
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Lacroix JC, Martin P, Lacaze PC. Tailored Surfaces/Assemblies for Molecular Plasmonics and Plasmonic Molecular Electronics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:201-224. [PMID: 28375704 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular plasmonics uses and explores molecule-plasmon interactions on metal nanostructures for spectroscopic, nanophotonic, and nanoelectronic devices. This review focuses on tailored surfaces/assemblies for molecular plasmonics and describes active molecular plasmonic devices in which functional molecules and polymers change their structural, electrical, and/or optical properties in response to external stimuli and that can dynamically tune the plasmonic properties. We also explore an emerging research field combining molecular plasmonics and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paris Diderot, ITODYS, Paris 75205, France;
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50
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David J, Rossella F, Rocci M, Ercolani D, Sorba L, Beltram F, Gemmi M, Roddaro S. Crystal Phases in Hybrid Metal-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2336-2341. [PMID: 28231001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the metallic phases observed in hybrid metal-GaAs nanowire devices obtained by controlled thermal annealing of Ni/Au electrodes. Devices are fabricated onto a SiN membrane compatible with transmission electron microscopy studies. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy allows us to show that the nanowire body includes two Ni-rich phases that thanks to an innovative use of electron diffraction tomography can be unambiguously identified as Ni3GaAs and Ni5As2 crystals. The mechanisms of Ni incorporation leading to the observed phenomenology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Rossella
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rocci
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Ercolani
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Sorba
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Beltram
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Roddaro
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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