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Mayo P, Pascual J, Crisman E, Domínguez C, López MG, León R. Innovative pathological network-based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38678582 DOI: 10.1002/med.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget-directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mayo
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Ghosh P, Narang K, Iyer PK. Role of Amyloid Beta in Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Strategies for Neuroprotection. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:337-354. [PMID: 38427249 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The gradual loss of neurons' structure and function in the central nervous system is known as neurodegeneration. It is a defining feature of several incapacitating illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. The buildup of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in the brain is one of the several variables linked to neurodegeneration. We shall delve into the fascinating realm of Aβ in this chapter and examine its role in the etiology of neurodegenerative illnesses. Insights into the processes through which Aβ exerts its toxicity are crucial for the creation of therapeutic approaches to treat these life-threatening diseases. Despite the presence of multiple obstacles, recent research shows promise for the development of some new anti-Aβ therapies that will help millions of people suffering from neurodegeneration. In this chapter, we discuss the role of Aβ in contributing to neurotoxicity and several anti-Aβ therapies for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kavita Narang
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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3
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Sharma H, Dar TA, Wijayasinghe YS, Sahoo D, Poddar NK. Nano-Osmolyte Conjugation: Tailoring the Osmolyte-Protein Interactions at the Nanoscale. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47367-47379. [PMID: 38144115 PMCID: PMC10733987 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Osmolytes are small organic compounds accumulated at higher concentrations in the cell under various stress conditions like high temperature, high salt, high pressure, etc. Osmolytes mainly include four major classes of compounds including sugars, polyols, methylamines, and amino acids and their derivatives. In addition to their ability to maintain protein stability and folding, these osmolytes, also termed as chemical chaperones, can prevent protein misfolding and aggregation. Although being efficient protein folders and stabilizers, these osmolytes exhibit certain unavoidable limitations such as nearly molar concentrations of osmolytes being required for their effect, which is quite difficult to achieve inside a cell or in the extracellular matrix due to nonspecificity and limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier system and reduced bioavailability. These limitations can be overcome to a certain extent by using smart delivery platforms for the targeted delivery of osmolytes to the site of action. In this context, osmolyte-functionalized nanoparticles, termed nano-osmolytes, enhance the protein stabilization and chaperone efficiency of osmolytes up to 105 times in certain cases. For example, sugars, polyols, and amino acid functionalized based nano-osmolytes have shown tremendous potential in preventing protein aggregation. The enhanced potential of nano-osmolytes can be attributed to their high specificity at low concentrations, high tunability, amphiphilicity, multivalent complex formation, and efficient drug delivery system. Keeping in view the promising potential of nano-osmolytes conjugation in tailoring the osmolyte-protein interactions, as compared to their molecular forms, the present review summarizes the recent advancements of the nano-osmolytes that enhance the protein stability/folding efficiency and ability to act as artificial chaperones with increased potential to prevent protein misfolding disorders. Some of the potential nano-osmolyte aggregation inhibitors have been highlighted for large-scale screening with future applications in aggregation disorders. The synthesis of nano-osmolytes by numerous approaches and future perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Sharma
- Department
of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Highway, Dehmi
Kalan, Near GVK Toll Plaza, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, University of
Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | | | - Dibakar Sahoo
- School
of Physics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, Odisha, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department
of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Highway, Dehmi
Kalan, Near GVK Toll Plaza, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
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4
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Raus de Baviera D, Ruiz-Canales A, Barrajón-Catalán E. Cistus albidus L.-Review of a Traditional Mediterranean Medicinal Plant with Pharmacological Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2988. [PMID: 37631199 PMCID: PMC10458491 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been used therapeutically since ancient times in the Mediterranean basin for its important pharmacological properties. The ability of C. albidus to produce large quantities of a wide range of natural metabolites makes it an attractive source of raw material. The main constituents with bioactive functions that exert pharmacological effects are terpenes and polyphenols, with more than 200 identified compounds. The purpose of this review is to offer a detailed account of the botanical, ethnological, phytochemical, and pharmacological characteristics of C. albidus with the aim of encouraging additional pharmaceutical investigations into the potential therapeutic benefits of this medicinal plant. This review was carried out using organized searches of the available literature up to July 2023. A detailed analysis of C. albidus confirms its traditional use as a medicinal plant. The outcome of several studies suggests a deeper involvement of certain polyphenols and terpenes in multiple mechanisms such as inflammation and pain, with a potential application focus on neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. Other diseases such as prostate cancer and leukemia have already been researched with promising results for this plant, for which no intoxication has been reported in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Raus de Baviera
- Department of Engineering, Area of Agroforestry, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (D.R.d.B.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Antonio Ruiz-Canales
- Department of Engineering, Area of Agroforestry, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (D.R.d.B.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Elche University Hospital-FISABIO, 03203 Elche, Spain
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5
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A Nanoenzyme Constructed from Manganese and Strandberg-Type Phosphomolybdate with Versatility in Antioxidant and Modulating Conformation of A β Protein Misfolding Aggregates In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054317. [PMID: 36901748 PMCID: PMC10002135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) misfolding aggregates with β-sheet structures and surplus reactive oxygen species (ROS) are both considered to be the culprit of neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, modulating the misfolding mode of Aβ and inhibiting ROS simultaneous has become an important method for anti-AD. Herein, a nanoscale manganese-substituted polyphosphomolybdate (H2en)3[Mn(H2O)4][Mn(H2O)3]2[P2Mo5O23]2·14.5H2O (abbreviated as MnPM) (en = ethanediamine) was designed and synthesized by single crystal to single crystal transformation method. MnPM can modulate the β-sheet rich conformation of Aβ aggregates, and thus reduce the formation of toxic species. Moreover, MnPM also possesses the ability to eliminate the free radicals produced by Cu2+-Aβ aggregates. It can inhibit the cytotoxicity of β-sheet-rich species and protect synapses of PC12 cells. MnPM combines the conformation modulating ability of Aβ and anti-oxidation ability, which makes a promising multi-funcational molecular with a composite mechanism for the new conceptual designing in treatment of such protein-misfolding diseases.
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6
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Yi Y, Lim MH. Current understanding of metal-dependent amyloid-β aggregation and toxicity. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:121-131. [PMID: 36794021 PMCID: PMC9906324 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00208f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of effective therapeutics targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been very challenging, which suggests its complicated etiology associated with multiple pathogenic elements. In AD-affected brains, highly concentrated metals, such as copper and zinc, are found in senile plaques mainly composed of Aβ aggregates. These metal ions are coordinated to Aβ and affect its aggregation and toxicity profiles. In this review, we illustrate the current view on molecular insights into the assembly of Aβ peptides in the absence and presence of metal ions as well as the effect of metal ions on their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelim Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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7
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Rana M, Cho HJ, Arya H, Bhatt TK, Bhar K, Bhatt S, Mirica LM, Sharma AK. Azo-Stilbene and Pyridine-Amine Hybrid Multifunctional Molecules to Target Metal-Mediated Neurotoxicity and Amyloid-β Aggregation in Alzheimer's Disease. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10294-10309. [PMID: 35768324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with progressive neuronal cell death, and they are commonly correlated with aberrant protein misfolding and aggregation of Aβ peptides. Transition metal ions (Cu, Fe, and Zn) have been shown to promote aggregation and oxidative stress through formation of Aβ-metal complexes. In this context, integrating molecular scaffolds rationally is used here to generate multifunctional molecules as modulators for metal-induced abnormalities. This work encompasses two azo-stilbene (AS)-derived compounds (AS-HL1 and AS-HL2), the rationale behind the design, their synthesis, characterization, and metal chelation ability [Cu(II) and Zn(II)]. The molecular frameworks of the designed compounds consist of stilbene as an Aβ-interacting moiety, whereas N,N,O and N,N,N,O donor atoms are linked to generate the metal chelation moiety. Furthermore, we went on exploring their multifunctionality with respect to (w.r.t.) (i) their metal chelating capacities and (ii) their utility to modulate the aggregation pathways of both metal-free and metal-bound amyloid-β, (iii) scavenge free radicals, and (iv) inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase and (v) cytotoxicity. Moreover, the compounds were able to sequester Cu2+ from the Aβ-Cu complex as studied by the UV-visible spectroscopic assay. Molecular docking studies were also performed with Aβ and acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Overall, the studies presented here qualify these molecules as promising candidates for further investigation in the quest for finding a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hemant Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Kishalay Bhar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Surabhi Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Anuj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
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8
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Effects of Linkers and Substitutions on Multitarget Directed Ligands for Alzheimer’s Diseases: Emerging Paradigms and Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116085. [PMID: 35682763 PMCID: PMC9181730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is multifactorial, progressive and the most predominant cause of cognitive impairment and dementia worldwide. The current “one-drug, one-target” approach provides only symptomatic relief to the condition but is unable to cure the disease completely. The conventional single-target therapeutic approach might not always induce the desired effect due to the multifactorial nature of AD. Hence, multitarget strategies have been proposed to simultaneously knock out multiple targets involved in the development of AD. Herein, we provide an overview of the various strategies, followed by the multitarget-directed ligand (MTDL) development, rationale designs and efficient examples. Furthermore, the effects of the linkers and substitutional functional groups on MTDLs against various targets of AD and their modes of action are also discussed.
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9
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Miller JJ, Kwan K, Gaiddon C, Storr T. A role for bioinorganic chemistry in the reactivation of mutant p53 in cancer. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:393-403. [PMID: 35488931 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal ion dysregulation has been implicated in a number of diseases from neurodegeneration to cancer. While defective metal ion transport mechanisms are known to cause specific diseases of genetic origin, the role of metal dysregulation in many diseases has yet to be elucidated due to the complicated function (both good and bad!) of metal ions in the body. A breakdown in metal ion speciation can manifest in several ways from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to an increase in protein misfolding and aggregation. In this review, we will discuss the role of Zn in the proper function of the p53 protein in cancer. The p53 protein plays a critical role in the prevention of genome mutations via initiation of apoptosis, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis, and senescence pathways to avoid propagation of damaged cells. p53 is the most frequently mutated protein in cancer and almost all cancers exhibit malfunction along the p53 pathway. Thus, there has been considerable effort dedicated to restoring normal p53 expression and activity to mutant p53. This includes understanding the relative populations of the Zn-bound and Zn-free p53 in wild-type and mutant forms, and the development of metallochaperones to re-populate the Zn binding site to restore mutant p53 activity. Parallels will be made to the development of multifunctional metal binding agents for modulating the aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptide in Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kalvin Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Inserm UMR_S1113, IRFAC, team Streinth, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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10
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Hua J, Wei X, Bian Y, Ma X, Hao L, Sun J, Fan J, Niu Y, Wang Y. A nanoscale polymolybdate builded by two hexavacant Keggin-type fragments via a novel {Ca6P6O38} cluster with β-sheet conformation modulation ability. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel sandwich-type phosphomolybdate based on two hexavacant Keggin-type building block [PMo6O28]15– incorporating a novel hexagonal calcium phosphorus oxygen cluster {Ca6P6O38} was successfully synthesized. It can modulate the β-sheet-rich misfolding...
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11
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From virtual screening hits targeting a cryptic pocket in BACE-1 to a nontoxic brain permeable multitarget anti-Alzheimer lead with disease-modifying and cognition-enhancing effects. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113779. [PMID: 34418785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Starting from six potential hits identified in a virtual screening campaign directed to a cryptic pocket of BACE-1, at the edge of the catalytic cleft, we have synthesized and evaluated six hybrid compounds, designed to simultaneously reach BACE-1 secondary and catalytic sites and to exert additional activities of interest for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have identified a lead compound with potent in vitro activity towards human BACE-1 and cholinesterases, moderate Aβ42 and tau antiaggregating activity, and brain permeability, which is nontoxic in neuronal cells and zebrafish embryos at concentrations above those required for the in vitro activities. This compound completely restored short- and long-term memory in a mouse model of AD (SAMP8) relative to healthy control strain SAMR1, shifted APP processing towards the non-amyloidogenic pathway, reduced tau phosphorylation, and increased the levels of synaptic proteins PSD95 and synaptophysin, thereby emerging as a promising disease-modifying, cognition-enhancing anti-AD lead.
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12
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Liu J, Liu Z, Wang W, Tian Y. Real-time Tracking and Sensing of Cu + and Cu 2+ with a Single SERS Probe in the Live Brain: Toward Understanding Why Copper Ions Were Increased upon Ischemia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21351-21359. [PMID: 34228388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance of Cu+ and Cu2+ in the brain is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. However, it still lacks of effective analytical methods for simultaneously determining the concentrations of Cu+ and Cu2+ . Herein, we created a novel SERS probe (CuSP) to real-time track and accurately quantify extracellular concentrations of Cu+ and Cu2+ in the live brain. The present CuSP probe demonstrated specific ability for recognition of Cu+ and Cu2+ in a dual-recognition mode. Then, a microarray consisting of 8 CuSP probes with high tempo-spatial resolution and good accuracy was constructed for tracking and simultaneously biosensing of Cu+ and Cu2+ in the cerebral cortex of living brain. Using our powerful tool, it was found that that the concentrations of Cu2+ and Cu+ were increased by ≈4.26 and ≈1.80 times upon ischemia, respectively. Three routes were first discovered for understanding the mechanisms of the increased concentrations of Cu+ and Cu2+ during ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weikang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
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13
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Liu J, Liu Z, Wang W, Tian Y. Real‐time Tracking and Sensing of Cu
+
and Cu
2+
with a Single SERS Probe in the Live Brain: Toward Understanding Why Copper Ions Were Increased upon Ischemia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Weikang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
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14
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Ma S, Chen G, Xu J, Liu Y, Li G, Chen T, Li Y, James TD. Current strategies for the development of fluorescence-based molecular probes for visualizing the enzymes and proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Lakey-Beitia J, Burillo AM, Penna GL, Hegde ML, Rao K. Polyphenols as Potential Metal Chelation Compounds Against Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S335-S357. [PMID: 32568200 PMCID: PMC7809605 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 50 million people worldwide. The pathology of this multifactorial disease is primarily characterized by the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates; however, other etiological factors including metal dyshomeostasis, specifically copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), play critical role in disease progression. Because these transition metal ions are important for cellular function, their imbalance can cause oxidative stress that leads to cellular death and eventual cognitive decay. Importantly, these transition metal ions can interact with the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and Aβ42 peptide, affecting Aβ aggregation and increasing its neurotoxicity. Considering how metal dyshomeostasis may substantially contribute to AD, this review discusses polyphenols and the underlying chemical principles that may enable them to act as natural chelators. Furthermore, polyphenols have various therapeutic effects, including antioxidant activity, metal chelation, mitochondrial function, and anti-amyloidogenic activity. These combined therapeutic effects of polyphenols make them strong candidates for a moderate chelation-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johant Lakey-Beitia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Andrea M. Burillo
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Giovanni La Penna
- National Research Council, Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K.S. Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
- Zhongke Jianlan Medical Institute, Hangzhou, Republic of China
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16
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Guo J, Mi Z, Jiang X, Zhang C, Guo Z, Li L, Gu J, Zhou T, Bai R, Xie Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of potential anti-AD hybrids with monoamine oxidase B inhibitory and iron-chelating effects. Bioorg Chem 2020; 108:104564. [PMID: 33353806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of active hybrids combining 3-hydroxypyridin-4(1H)-one and coumarin pharmacophores were designed and synthesized as potential agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). All the compounds exhibited excellent iron-chelating activities (pFe3+ = 14.8-19.2) and showed favorable monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitory effects compared to the reference drug Pargyline (IC50 = 86.9 nM). Among them, compound 11 g displayed the best MAO-B inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 99.3 nM. Molecular docking analysis showed that compound 11 g could enter the entrance cavity and substrate cavity of MAO-B. Furthermore, the compound 11 g had an excellent antioxidant effect and was capable of protecting from the amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) induced PC12 cell damage. In silico tools were applied for predicting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and compound 11 g was proved to overcome the brain exposure challenge. In the mice behavioral study, compound 11 g significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment induced by Scopolamine. More importantly, compound 11 g displayed favorable pharmacokinetic profiles in a rat model. In summary, compound 11 g, with both anti-MAO-B and iron-chelating ability, was proved to be a promising potential anti-AD agent for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Mi
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zili Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Linzi Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinping Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
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17
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Park S, Yi Y, Lim MH. Reactivity of Flavonoids Containing a Catechol or Pyrogallol Moiety with Metal‐Free and Metal‐Associated Amyloid‐β. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Park
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yelim Yi
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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18
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Ejaz HW, Wang W, Lang M. Copper Toxicity Links to Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutics Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7660. [PMID: 33081348 PMCID: PMC7589751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, age-related progressive neurological disorder, and the most common type of dementia in aged people. Neuropathological lesions of AD are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and senile plaques comprise the accumulated amyloid-beta (Aβ), loaded with metal ions including Cu, Fe, or Zn. Some reports have identified metal dyshomeostasis as a neurotoxic factor of AD, among which Cu ions seem to be a central cationic metal in the formation of plaque and soluble oligomers, and have an essential role in the AD pathology. Cu-Aβ complex catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative damage. Several studies have indicated that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. The connection of copper levels in AD is still ambiguous, as some researches indicate a Cu deficiency, while others show its higher content in AD, and therefore there is a need to increase and decrease its levels in animal models, respectively, to study which one is the cause. For more than twenty years, many in vitro studies have been devoted to identifying metals' roles in Aβ accumulation, oxidative damage, and neurotoxicity. Towards the end, a short review of the modern therapeutic approach in chelation therapy, with the main focus on Cu ions, is discussed. Despite the lack of strong proofs of clinical advantage so far, the conjecture that using a therapeutic metal chelator is an effective strategy for AD remains popular. However, some recent reports of genetic-regulating copper transporters in AD models have shed light on treating this refractory disease. This review aims to succinctly present a better understanding of Cu ions' current status in several AD features, and some conflicting reports are present herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafza Wajeeha Ejaz
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth WA6027, Australia;
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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19
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Chen T, Yang Y, Zhu S, Lu Y, Zhu L, Wang Y, Wang X. Inhibition of Aβ aggregates in Alzheimer's disease by epigallocatechin and epicatechin-3-gallate from green tea. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104382. [PMID: 33137558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive accumulation of senile plaques, which are primarily composed of misfolded amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). Aβ aggregates are believed to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of AD, affecting the nervous system in human body. The therapeutic potential of tea-derived polyphenolic compounds, (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), for AD was investigated by assessing their effects on the Cu2+/Zn2+-induced or self-assembled Aβ40 aggregation using thioflavine T fluorescent spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, silver staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays. EGC and ECG mildly bind to Cu2+ and Zn2+, and diminish the Cu2+- or Zn2+-induced or self-assembled Aβ aggregates; they also modulate the Cu2+/Zn2+-Aβ40 induced neurotoxicity on mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells by reducing the production of ROS. Metal chelating, hydrogen bonding or Van Der Waals force may drive the interaction between the polyphenolic compounds and Aβ. The results demonstrate that green tea catechins EGC and ECG are able to alleviate the toxicity of Aβ oligomers and fibrils. Particularly, ECG can cross the blood-brain barrier to reduce the Aβ plaques in the brain of APP/PS1 mice, thereby protecting neurons from injuries. The results manifest the potential of green tea for preventing or ameliorating the symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PR China
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PR China
| | - Shajun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yapeng Lu
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PR China.
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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20
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Nam G, Hong M, Lee J, Lee HJ, Ji Y, Kang J, Baik MH, Lim MH. Multiple reactivities of flavonoids towards pathological elements in Alzheimer's disease: structure-activity relationship. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10243-10254. [PMID: 34094290 PMCID: PMC8162271 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, metal ion dyshomeostasis, oxidative stress, and cholinergic deficit are four major characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we report the reactivities of 12 flavonoids against four pathogenic elements of AD: metal-free and metal-bound Aβ, free radicals, and acetylcholinesterase. A series of 12 flavonoids was selected based on the molecular structures that are responsible for multiple reactivities including hydroxyl substitution and transfer of the B ring from C2 to C3. Our experimental and computational studies reveal that the catechol moiety, the hydroxyl groups at C3 and C7, and the position of the B ring are important for instilling multiple functions in flavonoids. We establish a structure-activity relationship of flavonoids that should be useful for designing chemical reagents with multiple reactivities against the pathological factors of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Juri Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University Gongju 32588 Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghwan Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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21
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Bowroju SK, Mainali N, Ayyadevara S, Penthala NR, Krishnamachari S, Kakraba S, Reis RJS, Crooks PA. Design and Synthesis of Novel Hybrid 8-Hydroxy Quinoline-Indole Derivatives as Inhibitors of Aβ Self-Aggregation and Metal Chelation-Induced Aβ Aggregation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163610. [PMID: 32784464 PMCID: PMC7463714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel hybrid 8-hydroxyquinoline-indole derivatives (7a-7e, 12a-12b and 18a-18h) were synthesized and screened for inhibitory activity against self-induced and metal-ion induced Aβ1-42 aggregation as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro studies identified the most inhibitory compounds against self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation as 18c, 18d and 18f (EC50 = 1.72, 1.48 and 1.08 µM, respectively) compared to the known anti-amyloid drug, clioquinol (1, EC50 = 9.95 µM). The fluorescence of thioflavin T-stained amyloid formed by Aβ1-42 aggregation in the presence of Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions was also dramatically decreased by treatment with 18c, 18d and 18f. The most potent hybrid compound 18f afforded 82.3% and 88.3% inhibition, respectively, against Cu2+- induced and Zn2+- induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Compounds 18c, 18d and 18f were shown to be effective in reducing protein aggregation in HEK-tau and SY5Y-APPSw cells. Molecular docking studies with the most active compounds performed against Aβ1-42 peptide indicated that the potent inhibitory activity of 18d and 18f were predicted to be due to hydrogen bonding interactions, π-π stacking interactions and π-cation interactions with Aβ1-42, which may inhibit both self-aggregation as well as metal ion binding to Aβ1-42 to favor the inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K. Bowroju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.B.); (N.R.P.)
| | - Nirjal Mainali
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Srinivas Ayyadevara
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Narsimha R. Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.B.); (N.R.P.)
| | - Sesha Krishnamachari
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Samuel Kakraba
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Robert J. Shmookler Reis
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (S.K.)
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.); (S.A.)
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Peter A. Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.B.); (N.R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Huang Y, Cho HJ, Bandara N, Sun L, Tran D, Rogers BE, Mirica LM. Metal-chelating benzothiazole multifunctional compounds for the modulation and 64Cu PET imaging of Aβ aggregation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7789-7799. [PMID: 34094152 PMCID: PMC8163150 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, there is still a dearth of efficient therapeutic and diagnostic agents for this disorder. Reported herein are a series of new multifunctional compounds (MFCs) with appreciable affinity for amyloid aggregates that can be potentially used for both the modulation of Aβ aggregation and its toxicity, as well as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of Aβ aggregates. Firstly, among the six compounds tested HYR-16 is shown to be capable to reroute the toxic Cu-mediated Aβ oligomerization into the formation of less toxic amyloid fibrils. In addition, HYR-16 can also alleviate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by Cu2+ ions through Fenton-like reactions. Secondly, these MFCs can be easily converted to PET imaging agents by pre-chelation with the 64Cu radioisotope, and the Cu complexes of HYR-4 and HYR-17 exhibit good fluorescent staining and radiolabeling of amyloid plaques both in vitro and ex vivo. Importantly, the 64Cu-labeled HYR-17 is shown to have a significant brain uptake of up to 0.99 ± 0.04 %ID per g. Overall, by evaluating the various properties of these MFCs valuable structure-activity relationships were obtained that should aid the design of improved therapeutic and diagnostic agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Nilantha Bandara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63108 USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Diana Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63108 USA
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63108 USA
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
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23
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Metal complexes that bind to the amyloid-β peptide of relevance to Alzheimer’s disease. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213255
expr 886172045 + 931245952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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24
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Gomes LM, Bataglioli JC, Storr T. Metal complexes that bind to the amyloid-β peptide of relevance to Alzheimer’s disease. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Benek O, Korabecny J, Soukup O. A Perspective on Multi-target Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:434-445. [PMID: 32448557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complex pathophysiology that includes aggregation of pathological proteins, impaired neurotransmission, increased oxidative stress, or microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Therapeutics targeting only one of these AD-related subpathologies have not yet been successful in the search for a disease-modifying treatment. Therefore, multi-target drugs (MTDs) aiming simultaneously at several subpathologies are expected to be a better approach. However, the concept of MTD is inherently connected with several limitations, which are often ignored during MTD design and development. Here, we provide an overview of the MTD approach and discuss its potential pitfalls in the context of AD treatment. We also put forward ideas to be used in the rational design of MTDs to obtain drugs that are effective against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Benek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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26
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Cho HJ, Sharma AK, Zhang Y, Gross ML, Mirica LM. A Multifunctional Chemical Agent as an Attenuator of Amyloid Burden and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1471-1481. [PMID: 32310630 PMCID: PMC7732605 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and its main hallmark is the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. However, several clinical trials focusing on Aβ-targeting agents have failed recently, and thus new therapeutic leads are focusing on alternate targets such as tau protein pathology, Aβ-metal induced oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. To address these different pathological aspects of AD, we have employed a multifunctional compound, L1 [4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-((4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triazonan-1-yl)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol], that integrates Aβ-interacting and metal-binding fragments in a single molecular framework, exhibits significant antioxidant activity and metal chelating ability, and also rescues neuroblastoma N2A cells from Cu2+-induced Aβ neurotoxicity. Along with demonstrating in vivo Aβ-binding and favorable brain uptake properties, L1 treatment of transgenic 5xFAD mice significantly reduces the amount of both amyloid plaques and associated phosphorylated tau (p-tau) aggregates in the brain by 40-50% versus the vehicle-treated 5xFAD mice. Moreover, L1 mitigates the neuroinflammatory response of the activated microglia during the Aβ-induced inflammation process. Overall, these multifunctional properties of L1 to attenuate the formation of amyloid plaques and associated p-tau aggregates while also reducing the microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response are quite uncommon among the previously reported amyloid-targeting chemical agents, and thus L1 could be envisioned as a lead compound for the development of novel AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Anuj K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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27
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Kabir MT, Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Jeandet P, Aleya L, Mansouri RA, Ashraf GM, Mathew B, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM. Combination Drug Therapy for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3272. [PMID: 32380758 PMCID: PMC7246721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Even though the number of AD patients is rapidly growing, there is no effective treatment for this neurodegenerative disorder. At present, implementation of effective treatment approaches for AD is vital to meet clinical needs. In AD research, priorities concern the development of disease-modifying therapeutic agents to be used in the early phases of AD and the optimization of the symptomatic treatments predominantly dedicated to the more advanced AD stages. Until now, available therapeutic agents for AD treatment only provide symptomatic treatment. Since AD pathogenesis is multifactorial, use of a multimodal therapeutic intervention addressing several molecular targets of AD-related pathological processes seems to be the most practical approach to modify the course of AD progression. It has been demonstrated through numerous studies, that the clinical efficacy of combination therapy (CT) is higher than that of monotherapy. In case of AD, CT is more effective, mostly when started early, at slowing the rate of cognitive impairment. In this review, we have covered the major studies regarding CT to combat AD pathogenesis. Moreover, we have also highlighted the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of CT in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh;
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh;
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, P.O. Box 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030 Besançon, France;
| | - Rasha A. Mansouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678557, India;
| | - May N. Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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28
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Kundu D, Prerna K, Chaurasia R, Bharty MK, Dubey VK. Advances in protein misfolding, amyloidosis and its correlation with human diseases. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:193. [PMID: 32269898 PMCID: PMC7128022 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation, their mechanisms and trends in the field of neurodegenerative diseases is still far from completely being decoded. It is mainly attributed to the complexity surrounding the interaction between proteins which includes various regulatory mechanisms involved with the presentation of abnormal conditions. Although most proteins are functional in their soluble form, they have also been reported to convert themselves into insoluble aggregates under certain conditions naturally. Misfolded protein forms aggregates which are mostly unwanted by the cellular system and are mostly involved in various pathophysiologies including Alzheimer's, Type II Diabetes mellitus, Kurus's etc. Challenges lie in understanding the complex mechanism of protein misfolding and its correlation with clinical evidence. It is often understood that due to the slowness of the process and its association with ageing, timely intervention with drugs or preventive measures will play an essential role in lowering the rate of dementia causing diseases and associated ailments in the future. Today approximately more than 35 proteins have been identified capable of forming amyloids under defined conditions, and nearly all of them have been associated with disease outcomes. This review incorporates a major understanding from the history of diseases associated with protein misfolding, to the current state of neurodegenerative diseases globally, highlighting challenges in drug development and current state of research in a comprehensive manner in the field of protein misfolding diseases. There is increasing clinical association of protein misfolding with regards to amyloids compelling us to thread questions solved and further helping us design possible solutions by generating a pathway-based research on which future work in this field could be driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Kundu
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005 India
| | - Kumari Prerna
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005 India
| | - Rahul Chaurasia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bharty
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005 India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005 India
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Shabani S, Rabiei Z, Amini-Khoei H. Exploring the multifaceted neuroprotective actions of gallic acid: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1753769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahreh Shabani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Rabiei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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30
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Zhang M, Shen C, Jia T, Qiu J, Zhu H, Gao Y. One-step synthesis of rhodamine-based Fe 3+ fluorescent probes via Mannich reaction and its application in living cell imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 231:118105. [PMID: 32006914 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Four rhodamine-based fluorescent probes M1-M4 were synthesized in one step using Mannich reaction. The Mannich reaction based approach has the advantages of simplicity, good yield and excellent atomic economy. The structures were determined by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HRMS. The probe M3 as a representative compound was characterized by single-crystal X-ray analyses. The fluorescence and absorbance spectra research of the probes demonstrated that they could be used as Fe3+-selective fluorescent probes with good sensitivity, excellent linearity, and outstanding anti-interference in acetonitrile/Tris-HCl buffer solution (3:7, V/V; pH = 7.4). Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments have proven that the probe M3 was successfully used for fluorescence imaging in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chuanchuan Shen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ting Jia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jianwen Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hu Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yong Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
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31
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Liu Y, Gong Y, Xie W, Huang A, Yuan X, Zhou H, Zhu X, Chen X, Liu J, Liu J, Qin X. Microbubbles in combination with focused ultrasound for the delivery of quercetin-modified sulfur nanoparticles through the blood brain barrier into the brain parenchyma and relief of endoplasmic reticulum stress to treat Alzheimer's disease. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6498-6511. [PMID: 32154811 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively and safely is one of the major challenges in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we constructed a nano-system using microbubbles to promote the crossing of drugs across the BBB, where microbubbles in combination with focused ultrasound were used to mediate the transient opening of the BBB and delivery of nanomedicines. This system (Qc@SNPs-MB) was formed by embedding quercetin-modified sulfur nanoparticles (Qc@SNPs) in microbubbles (MB). Qc@SNPs-MB was destroyed instantly when exposed to ultrasonic pulses, and it enhanced the permeability of the blood vessels, resulting in the brief opening of the BBB owing to the "sonoporation" effect. Also, Qc@SNPs were released from the outer shell of the microbubbles and entered the brain across the open BBB, accumulating in the brain parenchyma. Due to the rapid accumulation of Qc@SNPs in the brain, it effectively reduced neuronal apoptosis, inflammatory response, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and oxidative stress, which are all mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress, and protected nerve cells, thus treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) effectively. The Morris water maze experiment showed that the learning ability and memory ability of the AD mice treated with Qc@SNPs were significantly improved, and no obvious side effects were found. Therefore, Qc@SNPs-MB combined with ultrasound can provide an effective and safe drug delivery method for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and a promising strategy for endoplasmic reticulum stress therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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32
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Gyasi YI, Pang YP, Li XR, Gu JX, Cheng XJ, Liu J, Xu T, Liu Y. Biological applications of near infrared fluorescence dye probes in monitoring Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rana M, Pareek A, Bhardwaj S, Arya G, Nimesh S, Arya H, Bhatt TK, Yaragorla S, Sharma AK. Aryldiazoquinoline based multifunctional small molecules for modulating Aβ42aggregation and cholinesterase activity related to Alzheimer's disease. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28827-28837. [PMID: 35520091 PMCID: PMC9055851 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel series of aryldiazoquinoline multifunctional molecules controls amyloid formation and neuro-protective role by inhibiting esterase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer
- India
| | - Abhishek Pareek
- School of Chemistry
- University of Hyderabad
- P.O. Central University
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Shivani Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer
- India
| | - Geeta Arya
- Department of Biotechnology
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer
- India
| | - Surendra Nimesh
- Department of Biotechnology
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer
- India
| | - Hemant Arya
- Department of Biotechnology
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer
- India
| | - Tarun K. Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer
- India
| | | | - Anuj K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer
- India
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34
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Kim G, Lelong E, Kang J, Suh JM, Le Bris N, Bernard H, Kim D, Tripier R, Lim MH. Reactivities of cyclam derivatives with metal–amyloid-β. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New examples of azamacrocyclic metal chelators that modulate the interactions between metal ions and Aβ and the reactivities of metal–Aβ were developed under criteria based on structural and functional variations on the backbone of Cyclam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Evan Lelong
- Univ Brest
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA
- 29238 Brest
- France
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Technical Support Center
| | - Jong-Min Suh
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations
| | | | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
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35
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Johnston HM, Pota K, Barnett MM, Kinsinger O, Braden P, Schwartz TM, Hoffer E, Sadagopan N, Nguyen N, Yu Y, Gonzalez P, Tircsó G, Wu H, Akkaraju G, Chumley MJ, Green KN. Enhancement of the Antioxidant Activity and Neurotherapeutic Features through Pyridol Addition to Tetraazamacrocyclic Molecules. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16771-16784. [PMID: 31774280 PMCID: PMC7323501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases are chronic conditions affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Oxidative stress is a consistent component described in the development of many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, innovative strategies to develop drug candidates that overcome oxidative stress in the brain are needed. To target these challenges, a new, water-soluble 12-membered tetraaza macrocyclic pyridinophane L4 was designed and produced using a building-block approach. Potentiometric data show that the neutral species of L4 provides interesting zwitterionic behavior at physiological pH, akin to amino acids, and a nearly ideal isoelectric point of 7.3. The copper(II) complex of L4 was evaluated by X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry to show the potential modes of antioxidant activity derived, which was also demonstrated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and coumarin carboxylic acid antioxidant assays. L4 was shown to have dramatically enhanced antioxidant activity and increased biological compatibility compared to parent molecules reported previously. L4 attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell viability loss more efficiently than precursor molecules in the mouse hippocampal HT-22 cell model. L4 also showed potent (fM) level protection against H2O2 cell death in a BV2 microglial cell culture. Western blot studies indicated that L4 enhanced the cellular antioxidant defense capacity via Nrf2 signaling activation as well. Moreover, a low-cost analysis and high metabolic stability in phase I and II models were observed. These encouraging results show how the rational design of lead compounds is a suitable strategy for the development of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases where oxidative stress plays a substantial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Kristof Pota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Madalyn M. Barnett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Olivia Kinsinger
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Paige Braden
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Timothy M. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Emily Hoffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Nishanth Sadagopan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Nam Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Yu Yu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas (UNT) Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Paulina Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Gyula Tircsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4010, Hungary
| | - Hongli Wu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas (UNT) Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas (UNT) Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Giridhar Akkaraju
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Michael J. Chumley
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Kayla N. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University (TCU), 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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36
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Yang T, Zhu Z, Yin E, Wang Y, Zhang C, Yuan H, Zhang H, Jin S, Guo Z, Wang X. Alleviation of symptoms of Alzheimer's disease by diminishing Aβ neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10149-10158. [PMID: 32055369 PMCID: PMC6979322 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03042e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevailing neurodegenerative illnesses in the elderly. Accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and inflammation play critical roles in the pathogenesis and development of AD. Multi-target drugs may interdict the progress of AD through a synergistic mechanism. A neuromodulator, 2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)methoxy)benzoic acid (BIBA), consisting of an Aβ-targeting group and a derivative of anti-inflammatory aspirin was designed as a potential anti-AD agent. BIBA exhibits a remarkable inhibitory effect on the self- and metal-induced Aβ aggregations and shows outstanding anti-inflammatory activity simultaneously. The neurotoxicity of Aβ aggregates is attenuated, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs), such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, in microglia stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Aβ is reduced. Owing to the synergy between the inhibition of Aβ oligomerization and downregulation of PICs, BIBA markedly prolongs the lifespan and relieves the Aβ-induced paralysis of Aβ-transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans, thus showing the potential to ameliorate the symptoms of AD through inhibiting Aβ neurotoxicity and deactivating microglia. These findings demonstrate that both Aβ aggregation and neuroinflammation are therapeutic targets for anti-AD drugs, and dual-functional agents that integrate anti-Aβ and anti-inflammatory capabilities have great advantages over the traditional single-target agents for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhenzhu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Enmao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng 224002 , P. R. China
| | - Changli Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Nanjing Xiaozhuang College , Nanjing , 210017 , P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Suxing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
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37
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A β-sheet-targeted theranostic agent for diagnosing and preventing aggregation of pathogenic peptides in Alzheimer’s disease. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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38
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Mahl CRA, Taketa TB, Rocha-Neto JBM, Almeida WP, Beppu MM. Copper Ion Uptake by Chitosan in the Presence of Amyloid-β and Histidine. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:949-965. [PMID: 31630339 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to the anomalous binding that occurs between amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and copper ion, through imidazole ring of histidine (His), as stated in the literature. It is also known that high-affinity metal ion chelators can be pharmacologically used as a possible therapeutic approach. In this work, we tested the ability "in vitro" of chitosan (Chi) to reduce Aβ aggregation and Thioflavin T binding assay indicated that chitosan has affinity for Aβ and interferes in its aggregation. We also tested the ability of Chi to uptake copper ions in the presence of Aβ or His. Equilibrium data reveals that chitosan acted as an effective chelating agent competing with Aβ and histidine for copper binding. The addition of histidine or Aβ in the system promotes an unfolding of chitosan chains, as verified by small-angle X-ray scattering. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure and XPS spectra show that new copper interactions with groups containing nitrogen in the presence of histidine may occur. These results can help understanding fundamental chemical interactions among species detected in AD and biopolymers, opening up possibilities for new treatment approaches for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia R A Mahl
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Av., 500, Campinas, SP, 13083-971, Brazil
| | - Thiago B Taketa
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Av., 500, Campinas, SP, 13083-971, Brazil.
| | - J B M Rocha-Neto
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Av., 500, Campinas, SP, 13083-971, Brazil
| | - Wanda P Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cândido Portinari St., 200, Campinas, SP, 13083-971, Brazil
| | - Marisa M Beppu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Av., 500, Campinas, SP, 13083-971, Brazil.
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39
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Kepp KP, Squitti R. Copper imbalance in Alzheimer’s disease: Convergence of the chemistry and the clinic. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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40
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Debnath K, Jana NR, Jana NR. Quercetin Encapsulated Polymer Nanoparticle for Inhibiting Intracellular Polyglutamine Aggregation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5298-5305. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Debnath
- Centre for Advanced Materials and School of Material Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nihar R. Jana
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Nikhil R. Jana
- Centre for Advanced Materials and School of Material Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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41
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Huang W, Liang M, Li Q, Zheng X, Zhang C, Wang Q, Tang L, Zhang Z, Wang B, Shen Z. Development of the “hidden” multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 177:247-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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42
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Wu M, Ma J, Ji L, Wang M, Han J, Li Z. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of rutacecarpine derivatives as multitarget-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 177:198-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Nam G, Lim MH. Intertwined Pathologies of Amyloid-β and Metal Ions in Alzheimer’s Disease: Metal–Amyloid-β. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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44
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Saif B, Zhang W, Zhang X, Gu Q, Yang P. Sn-Triggered Two-Dimensional Fast Protein Assembly with Emergent Functions. ACS NANO 2019; 13:7736-7749. [PMID: 31244042 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a general strategy for organizing functional proteins into stable nanostructures with the desired dimension, shape, and function is an important focus in developing protein-based self-assembled materials, but the scalable synthesis of such materials and transfer to other substrates remain great challenges. We herein tackle this issue by creating a two-dimensional metal-protein hybrid nanofilm that is flexible and cost-effective with reliable self-recovery, stability, and multifunctionality. As it differs from traditional metal ions, we discover the capability of Sn2+ to initiate fast amyloid-like protein assembly (occurring in seconds) by effectively reducing the disulfide bonds of native globular proteins. The Sn2+-initiated lysozyme aggregation at the air/water interface leads to droplet flattening, a result never before reported in a protein system, which finally affords a multifunctional 2D Sn-doped hybrid lysozyme nanofilm with an ultralarge area (e.g., 0.2 m2) within a few minutes. The hybrid film is distinctive in its ease of coating on versatile material surfaces with endurable chemical and mechanical stability, optical transparency, and diverse end uses in antimicrobial and photo-/electrocatalytic scaffolds. Our approach provides not only insights into the effect of tin ions on macroscopic self-assembly of proteins but also a controllable and scalable synthesis of a potential biomimic framework for biomedical and biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Saif
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology , Tianjin Medical University , 12 Observatory Road , Tianjin 30070 , P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology , Tianjin Medical University , 12 Observatory Road , Tianjin 30070 , P.R. China
| | - Quan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P.R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P.R. China
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45
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Khan AN, Hassan MN, Khan RH. Gallic acid: A naturally occurring bifunctional inhibitor of amyloid and metal induced aggregation with possible implication in metal-based therapy. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Esmieu C, Guettas D, Conte-Daban A, Sabater L, Faller P, Hureau C. Copper-Targeting Approaches in Alzheimer’s Disease: How To Improve the Fallouts Obtained from in Vitro Studies. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13509-13527. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter Faller
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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Zhou J, Jiang X, He S, Jiang H, Feng F, Liu W, Qu W, Sun H. Rational Design of Multitarget-Directed Ligands: Strategies and Emerging Paradigms. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8881-8914. [PMID: 31082225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complexity of multifactorial diseases, single-target drugs do not always exhibit satisfactory efficacy. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that simultaneous modulation of multiple targets may improve both therapeutic safety and efficacy, compared with single-target drugs. However, few multitarget drugs are on market or in clinical trials, despite the best efforts of medicinal chemists. This article discusses the systematic establishment of target combination, lead generation, and optimization of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs). Moreover, we analyze some MTDLs research cases for several complex diseases in recent years and the physicochemical properties of 117 clinical multitarget drugs, with the aim to reveal the trends and insights of the potential use of MTDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China.,Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyang Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China.,Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China.,Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College , Huaian 223003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China
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Yi Y, Han J, Park MH, Park N, Nam E, Jin HK, Bae JS, Lim MH. Tunable regulatory activities of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives towards acid sphingomyelinase and Zn(ii)-amyloid-β. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5847-5850. [PMID: 31042246 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a new series of small molecules able to achieve the tunability of modulatory activities against acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and Zn(ii)-bound amyloid-β [Zn(ii)-Aβ], two pathological targets found in the brain affected by Alzheimer's disease. Rational tuning of the hydrophobicity and Zn(ii) binding affinity of the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) framework successfully yielded compounds as chemical modulators for ASM (4 and 5), Zn(ii)-Aβ (phen, 1, and 2), or both (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelim Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Huang H, Lou X, Hu B, Zhou Z, Chen J, Tian Y. A comprehensive study on the generation of reactive oxygen species in Cu-Aβ-catalyzed redox processes. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:125-131. [PMID: 30849487 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the amyloid plaques, a signature of AD, abnormally high Cu2+ concentrations are found bound to Aβ. Most of previous studies reported that Cu-Aβ could contribute to oxidative stress, as H2O2 and •OH are catalytically generated by Cu-Aβ with the assistance of biological reductant, with only one recent report stated that free O2•- is also generated in the Cu-Aβ catalyzed processes, where an indirect technique was applied. To comprehensively investigate the free radicals produced during this Cu-Aβ-mediated process with a biological reductant, DNA-cleavage assay, an indirect method, and two direct methods including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), both having qualitative and quantitative power, were employed in this work. All the experimental results obtained from the three methods demonstrated that Cu-Aβ in the biological reducing environment was not only able to catalyze the production of H2O2 and •OH, but also to generate free O2•-. The results further indicated that O2•- was the precursor of H2O2 and •OH. It is also important to note that the results obtained from EPR spectroscopy and TAS provided direct evidence for the presence of O2•- and •OH. By virtue of the direct techniques, we also found that the longest peptide fragments of Aβ16, Aβ40, and Aβ42 produced the least radicals with a lowest rate. More interestingly, the fibrillar forms of Aβ generated less O2•- and •OH compared with oligomeric and monomeric forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China; College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiahang Road 118, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xiaobing Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Bingwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhongneng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, 200062, China; Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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50
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Jun YW, Cho SW, Jung J, Huh Y, Kim Y, Kim D, Ahn KH. Frontiers in Probing Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers with Fluorescent Small Molecules. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:209-217. [PMID: 30834309 PMCID: PMC6396189 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The pathogenesis of the disease is associated with aggregated amyloid-β, hyperphosphorylated tau, a high level of metal ions, abnormal enzyme activities, and reactive astrocytes. This outlook gives an overview of fluorescent small molecules targeting AD biomarkers for ex vivo and in vivo imaging. These chemical imaging probes are categorized based on the potential biomarkers, and their pros and cons are discussed. Guidelines for designing new sensing strategies as well as the desirable properties to be pursued for AD fluorescence imaging are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic
of Korea
| | - Seo Won Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic
of Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
College of Medicine, Center for Converging
Humanities, and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee
University, 26 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbuhm Huh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
College of Medicine, Center for Converging
Humanities, and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee
University, 26 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Integrated
Science and Engineering Division, Department of Pharmacy, and Yonsei
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei
University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- (Y.K.)
E-mail:
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
College of Medicine, Center for Converging
Humanities, and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee
University, 26 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- (D.K.) E-mail:
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic
of Korea
- (K.H.A.) E-mail:
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