1
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Zarkina V, Nichol GS, Cowley MJ. Heavy Heterodendralenes: Structure and Reactivity of Phosphabora[3]dendralenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23680-23685. [PMID: 39141774 PMCID: PMC11363017 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of phosphorus and boron into [3]dendralenes provides access to heavy heterodendralenes, a new class of main-group precursor to "doped" polycyclic hydrocarbons. [n]Dendralenes are a core class of unsaturated hydrocarbons built from geminally connected polyenes; the resulting arrangement of conjugated C═C bonds enables [n]dendralenes to undergo reactions that allow rapid access to complex polycyclic compounds. The increasing technological and synthetic importance of main-group-containing polycyclic hydrocarbons and their analogues makes new routes to access such systems highly attractive. Here we report the preparation of the first heavy heterodendralenes in the form of phosphorus- and boron-containing [3]dendralenes, prepared by a ring-opening reaction of a 1,2-phosphaborete. We reveal the electronic effect of P/B incorporation and demonstrate that, like their hydrocarbon analogues, phosphabora[3]dendralenes undergo diene-transmissive cycloaddition chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela
G. Zarkina
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black
Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black
Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Cowley
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black
Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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2
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George G, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Prediction of the ground state for indenofluorene-type systems with Clar's π-sextet model. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13676-13687. [PMID: 39211490 PMCID: PMC11351611 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces the Ground State Stability (GSS) rule that allows predicting the nature of the ground state of indenofluorene (IF)-type systems from the simple counting of the Clar's π-sextets in the closed- and open-shell configurations. The IF-type system exhibits a triplet ground state when acquiring double or more the number of Clar's π-sextets in the open-shell form relative to the closed-shell form; otherwise, it assumes an open-shell singlet ground state. Performed state-of-the-art DFT calculations and analysis of aromaticity for the systems of interest validate the effectiveness of the proposed rule. We demonstrate that aromaticity plays the most crucial role in determining the ground electronic state for such polycyclic hydrocarbons. The simplicity of the GSS rule makes it a robust strategy for identifying promising systems in the development of indenofluorene-type materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibu George
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Anton J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Av. Joan XXIII 27-31 Barcelona Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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3
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Fan J, Xu J, Ma Q, Yao S, Zhao L, Frenking G, Driess M. Silylene-Stabilized Neutral Dibora-Aromatics with a B═B Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20458-20467. [PMID: 38980827 PMCID: PMC11273343 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The unprecedented silylene-supported dibenzodiboraoxepin 2 and 9,10-diboraphenanthrene complexes 6 and 8 were synthesized. The (NHSi)2B2(xanthene) [NHSi = PhC(NtBu)2(Me2N)Si:] 2 results from debromination of the bis(NHSi)-stabilized bis(dibromoboryl)xanthene 1 with potassium graphite (KC8); 2 is capable of activating white phosphorus and ammonia to form the B2P4 cage compound 3 and H2N-B-B-H diborane species 4, respectively. The thermal rearrangement of 2 affords the 9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraphenanthrene 5 through a bis(NHSi)-assisted intramolecular reductive C-O-C deoxygenation process. Notably, the 9,10-diboraphenanthrene derivatives 6 and 8 could be generated by deoxygenation of 2 with KC8 and 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene, respectively. The aromaticity of 6 and 8 was confirmed by computational studies. Strikingly, the NHSi ligand in 8 engenders the monodeoxygenation of carbon dioxide in toluene at room temperature to form the CO-stabilized 9,10-diboraphenanthrene derivative 9 via the silaoxadiborinanone intermediate 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- Department
of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Jian Xu
- Department
of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Qin Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department
of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Lili Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department
of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, Berlin 10623, Germany
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4
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Liu X, Jin Z, Qiu F, Guo Y, Chen Y, Sun Z, Zhang L. Hexabenzoheptacene: A Longitudinally Multihelicene Nanocarbon with Local Aromaticity and Enhanced Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407547. [PMID: 38725308 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a longitudinally helical molecular nanocarbon, hexabenzoheptacene (HBH), along with its dimethylated derivative (HBH-Me), which are composed of six benzene rings periodically benzannulated to both zigzag edges of a heptacene core. This benzannulation pattern endows the resulting nanocarbons with a helical heptacene core and local aromaticity, imparting enhanced solubility and stability to the system. The chiral HBH-Me adopts a more highly twisted conformation with an end-to-end twist angle of 95°, enabling the separation of the enantiomers. Both HBH and HBH-Me can be facilely oxidized into their corresponding dications, which exhibit enhanced planarity and aromaticity upon loss of electrons. Notably, both longitudinally helical nanocarbons readily promote solid state packing into two-dimensional (2D) arrangement. Single-crystal microbelts of HBH-Me show hole mobility up to 0.62 cm2 V-1 s-1, illustrating the promising potential of these longitudinally helical molecules for organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxiong Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformation, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformation, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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5
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Araji H, Nakhoul M, Challita E, Barmo N, Wex B. Cross-over from pyrene to acene optical and electronic properties: a theoretical investigation of a series of pyrene derivatives fused with N-, S, and O-containing heterocycles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18466-18475. [PMID: 38916479 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01625d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Pyrene and acene derivatives are an important source of materials for optoelectronic device applications both as emitters and organic semiconductors. The mobility of major charge carriers is correlated with the coupling constants of the respective major charge carrier as well as the relaxation energies. Herein, we have applied range-separated density functionals for the estimation of said values. A series of five alkylated derivatives of pyrene laterally extended by heteroaromatic or phenyl groups were explored and contrasted to nascent pyrene, alkylated pyrene and tetracene. The ground state geometries along with absorption properties and relaxation energies are presented as well as a discussion of the suitability of the material toward hole and electron transport materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hachem Araji
- Lebanese American University, Department of Natural Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Maria Nakhoul
- Lebanese American University, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Elio Challita
- Lebanese American University, Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Nour Barmo
- Lebanese American University, Department of Natural Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Brigitte Wex
- Lebanese American University, Department of Natural Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon.
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6
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Yang J, Li J, Zhang X, Yang W, Jeong SY, Huang E, Liu B, Woo HY, Chen Z, Guo X. Functionalized Phenanthrene Imide-Based Polymers for n-Type Organic Thin-Film Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319627. [PMID: 38443313 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
High-performing n-type polymers are crucial for the advance of organic electronics field, however strong electron-deficient building blocks with optimized physicochemical properties for constructing them are still limited. The imide-functionalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with extended π-conjugated framework, high electron deficiency and good solubility serve as promising candidates for developing high-performance n-type polymers. Among the PAHs, phenanthrene (PhA) features a well-delocalized aromatic π-system with multiple modifiable active sites . However, the PhA-based imides are seldom studied, mainly attributed to the synthetic challenge. Herein, we report two functionalized PhAs, CPOI and CPCNI, by simultaneously incorporating imide with carbonyl or dicyanomethylene onto PhA. Notably, the dicyanomethylene-modified CPCNI exhibits a well stabilized LUMO energy level (-3.84 eV), attributed to the synergetic inductive effect from imide and cyano groups. Subsequently, based on CPOI and CPCNI, two polymers PCPOI-Tz and PCPCNI-Tz were developed. Applied to organic thin-film transistors, owing to the strong electron-deficiency of CPCNI, polymer PCPCNI-Tz shows an improved electron mobility and largely decreased threshold voltage compared with PCPOI-Tz. This work affords two structurally novel electron-deficient building blocks and highlights the effectiveness of dual functionalization of PhAs with strong electron-withdrawing groups for devising n-type polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiage Zhang
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anamro 145, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Enmin Huang
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anamro 145, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Zhicai Chen
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Department State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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7
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Khatymov RV, Muftakhov MV, Tuktarov RF, Shchukin PV, Khatymova LZ, Pancras E, Terentyev AG, Petrov NI. Resonant electron capture by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules: Effects of aza-substitution. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:124310. [PMID: 38533882 DOI: 10.1063/5.0195316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Resonant electron capture by aza and diaza derivatives of phenanthrene (7,8-benzoquinoline and 1,10-phenanthroline) and anthracene (acridine and phenazine) at incident free electron energies (Ee) in the range of 0-15 eV was studied. All compounds except 7,8-benzoquinoline form long-lived molecular ions (M-) at thermal electron energies (Ee ∼ 0 eV). Acridine and phenazine also form such ions at epithermal electron energies up to Ee = 1.5-2.5 eV. The lifetimes (τa) of M- with respect to electron autodetachment are proportional to the extent of aza-substitution and increase on going from molecules with bent geometry of the fused rings (azaphenanthrenes) to linear isomers (azaanthracenes). These regularities are due to an increase in the adiabatic electron affinities (EAa) of the molecules. The EAa values of the molecules under study were comprehensively assessed based on a comparative analysis of the measured τa values using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theory, the electronic structure analysis using the molecular orbital approach, as well as the density functional calculations of the total energy differences between the molecules and anions. The only fragmentation channel of M- ions from the compounds studied is abstraction of hydrogen atoms. When studying [M-H]- ions, electron autodetachment processes were observed, the τa values were measured, and the appearance energies were determined. A comparative analysis of the gas-phase acidity of the molecules and the EAa values of the [M-H]· radicals revealed their proportionality to the EAa values of the parent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem V Khatymov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Square, 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars V Muftakhov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Renat F Tuktarov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Pavel V Shchukin
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Lyaysan Z Khatymova
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Eugene Pancras
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, ul. Kosmonavtov, 1, 450064 Ufa, Russia
| | - Andrey G Terentyev
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Square, 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay I Petrov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Square, 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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8
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King RA, Schreiner PR, Crawford TD. Structure of [18]Annulene Revisited: Challenges for Computing Benzenoid Systems. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1098-1108. [PMID: 38306465 PMCID: PMC10875677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
For cyclic conjugated structures, erratic computational results have been obtained with Hartree-Fock (HF) molecular orbital (MO) methods as well as density functional theory (DFT) with large HF-exchange contributions. In this work, the reasons for this unreliability are explored. Extensive computations on [18]annulene and related compounds highlight the pitfalls to be avoided and the due diligence required for such computational investigations. In particular, a careful examination of the MO singlet-stability eigenvalues is recommended. The appearance of negative eigenvalues is not (necessarily) problematic, but near-zero (positive or negative) eigenvalues can lead to dramatic errors in vibrational frequencies and related properties. DFT approaches with a lower HF admixture generally appear more robust in this regard for the description of benzenoid structures, although they may exaggerate the tendency toward planarity and C-C bond-equalization. For the iconic [18]annulene, the results support a nonplanar equilibrium structure. The density-fitted frozen natural orbital coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [DF-FNO CCSD(T)] method of electron correlation with an aug-pVQZ/aug-pVTZ basis set places the C2 global minimum 1.1 kcal mol-1 below the D6h stationary point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rollin A. King
- Department
of Chemistry, Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - T. Daniel Crawford
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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9
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Lim JM, Shim S, Bui HT, Kim J, Kim HJ, Hwa Y, Cho S. Substitution Effect of a Single Nitrogen Atom on π-Electronic Systems of Linear Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Theoretically Visualized Coexistence of Mono- and Polycyclic π-Electron Delocalization. Molecules 2024; 29:784. [PMID: 38398536 PMCID: PMC10892997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigated the nitrogen substitution effect on the molecular structure and π-electron delocalization in linear nitrogen-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N-PAHs). Based on the optimized molecular structures and magnetic field-induced parameters of fused bi- and tricyclic linear N-PAHs, we found that the local π-electron delocalization of subcycles (e.g., mono- and bicyclic constituent moieties) in linear N-PAHs is preserved, despite deviation from ideal structures of parent monocycles. The introduction of a fused five-membered ring with a pyrrolic N atom (N-5MR) in linear N-PAHs significantly perturbs the π-electronic condition of the neighboring fused six-membered ring (6MR). Monocyclic pyrrole exhibits substantial bond length alternations, strongly influencing the π-electronic systems of both the fused N-5MR and 6MR in linear N-PAHs, depending on the location of shared covalent bonds. A fused six-membered ring with a graphitic N atom in an indolizine moiety cannot generate monocyclic π-electron delocalization but instead contributes to the formation of polycyclic π-electron delocalization. This is evidenced by bifurcated diatropic ring currents induced by an external magnetic field. In conclusion, the satisfaction of Hückel's 4n + 2 rule for both mono- and polycycles is crucial for understanding the overall π-electron delocalization. It is crucial to consider the unique characteristics of the three types of substituted N atoms and the spatial arrangement of 5MR and 6MR in N-PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sangdeok Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hoa Thi Bui
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoon Hwa
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.T.B.); (J.K.)
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10
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van Beek CM, Swarbrook AM, Creissen CE, Hawes CS, Gazis TA, Matthews PD. Juggling Optoelectronics and Catalysis: The Dual Talents of Bench Stable 1,4-Azaborinines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301944. [PMID: 38050753 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Boron- and nitrogen-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (B-PAHs) have established a strong foothold in the realm of organic electronics. However, their catalytic potential remains largely untapped. In this study, we synthesise and characterise two bench stable B,N-doped PAH derivatives based on a 1,4-azaborinine motif. Most importantly, the anthracene derived structure is an efficient catalyst in the reduction of various carbonyls and imines. These results underscore the potential of B,N-PAHs in catalytic transformations, setting the stage for deeper exploration in this chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M van Beek
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Amelia M Swarbrook
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Charles E Creissen
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Chris S Hawes
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Theodore A Gazis
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Peter D Matthews
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
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11
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Ferrão LFA, Pontes MAP, Fernandes GFS, Bettanin F, Aquino AJA, Lischka H, Nachtigallova D, Machado FBC. Stability and Reactivity of the Phenalene and Olympicene Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9430-9441. [PMID: 37920974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The phenalene (triangulene) and olympicene molecules belong to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon class, which have attracted substantial technological interest due to their unique electronic properties. Electronic structure calculations serve as a valuable tool in investigating the stability and reactivity of these molecular systems. In the present work, the multireference calculations, namely, the complete active space second-order perturbation theory and multireference averaged quadratic coupled cluster (MR-AQCC), were employed to study the reactivity and stability of phenalene and olympicene isomers, as well as their modified structures where the sp3-carbon at the borders were removed. The harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) and the nucleus-independent chemical shift as geometric and magnetic indexes calculated with density functional theory were utilized to assess the aromaticity of the studied molecules. These indexes were compared with properties such as the excitation energy and natural orbitals occupation. The reactivity analyzed using the HOMA index combined with MR-AQCC revealed the radical character of certain structures as well as the weakening of their aromaticity. Moreover, the results suggest that the removal of sp3-carbon atoms and the addition of hydrogen atoms did not alter the π network and the excitation energies of the phenalene molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F A Ferrão
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos 122228-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A P Pontes
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos 122228-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F S Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos 122228-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bettanin
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH) - Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 03828-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Adélia J A Aquino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Dana Nachtigallova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco B C Machado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos 122228-900, SP, Brazil
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12
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Wu YY, Wu YL, Lin CL, Chen HC, Chuang YY, Chen CH, Chou CM. Butterfly-Shaped Dibenz[ a, j]anthracenes: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. Org Lett 2023; 25:7763-7768. [PMID: 37622587 PMCID: PMC10630963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for the synthesis of dibenz[a,j]anthracenes (DBAs) from cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carboxylic acids is presented. Our approach involves sequential C-H olefination, cycloaddition, and decarboxylative aromatization. In the key step for DBA skeleton construction, the bis-C-H olefination products, 1,3-dienes, are utilized as substrates for [4 + 2] cycloaddition with benzyne. This concise synthetic route allows for regioselective ring formation and functional group introduction. The structural features and photophysical properties of the resulting DBA molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ying Wu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Lan Lin
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang
University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yuan Chuang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
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13
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Wu MX, Li Y, Liu P, Shi X, Kang H, Zhao XL, Xu L, Li X, Fang J, Fang Z, Cheng Y, Yu H, Shi X, Yang HB. Functionalization of Pentacene: A Facile and Versatile Approach to Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309619. [PMID: 37610742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a facile and versatile strategy for the synthesis of contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) starting from the functionalized pentacene was established. A series of novel PAHs 1-4 and their derivatives were synthesized through a simple two-step synthesis procedure involving an intramolecular reductive Friedel-Crafts cyclization of four newly synthesized pentacene aldehydes 5-8 as a key step. All the molecules were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied in detail. Interestingly, the most striking feature of 1-4 is their highly contorted carbon structures and the accompanying helical chirality. In particular, the optical resolution of 2 was successfully achieved by chiral-phase HPLC, and the enantiomers were characterized by circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. Despite the highly nonplanar conformations, these contorted PAHs exhibited emissive properties with moderate-to-good fluorescence quantum yields, implying the potential utility of this series PAHs as high-quality organic laser dyes. By using a self-assembly method with the help of epoxy resin, a bottle microlaser based on 3 a was successfully illustrated with a lasing wavelength of 567.8 nm at a threshold of 0.3 mJ/cm2 . We believe that this work will shed light on the chemical versatility of pentacene and its derivatives in the construction of novel functionalized PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yantong Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Shi
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Fang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ya Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Huakang Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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14
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Prabhu S, Arulperumjothi M, Ghani MU, Imran M, Salu S, Jose BK. Computational Analysis of Some More Rectangular Tessellations of Kekulenes and Their Molecular Characterizations. Molecules 2023; 28:6625. [PMID: 37764401 PMCID: PMC10538234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycloarene molecules are benzene-ring-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that have been fused in a circular manner and are surrounded by carbon-hydrogen bonds that point inward. Due to their magnetic, geometric, and electronic characteristics and superaromaticity, these polycyclic aromatics have received attention in a number of studies. The kekulene molecule is a cyclically organized benzene ring in the shape of a doughnut and is the very first example of such a conjugated macrocyclic compound. Due to its structural characteristics and molecular characterizations, it serves as a great model for theoretical research involving the investigation of π electron conjugation circuits. Therefore, in order to unravel their novel electrical and molecular characteristics and foresee potential applications, the characterization of such components is crucial. In our current research, we describe two unique series of enormous polycyclic molecules made from the extensively studied base kekulene molecule, utilizing the essential graph-theoretical tools to identify their structural characterization via topological quantities. Rectangular kekulene Type-I and rectangular kekulene Type-II structures were obtained from base kekulene molecules arranged in a rectangular fashion. We also employ two subcases for each Type and, for all of these, we derived ten topological indices. We can investigate the physiochemical characteristics of rectangular kekulenes using these topological indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Prabhu
- Department of Mathematics, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai 602105, India
| | - M. Arulperumjothi
- Department of Mathematics, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, India;
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghani
- Institute of Mathematics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Abu Dhabi Road, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - S. Salu
- PG & Research Department of Mathematics, Sanatana Dharma College, Kerala University, Kerala 688003, India; (S.S.); (B.K.J.)
| | - Bibin K. Jose
- PG & Research Department of Mathematics, Sanatana Dharma College, Kerala University, Kerala 688003, India; (S.S.); (B.K.J.)
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15
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Li R, Ma B, Li S, Lu C, An P. Chalcogen-doped, ( seco)-hexabenzocoronene-based nanographenes: synthesis, properties, and chalcogen extrusion conversion. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8905-8913. [PMID: 37621425 PMCID: PMC10445433 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of chalcogen-doped nanographenes (NGs) and their oxides are described. Their molecular design is conceptually based on the insertion of different chalcogens into the hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) backbone. All the NGs adopt nonplanar conformations, which would show better solubility compared to planar HBC. Except for the oxygen-doped, saddle-shaped NG, the insertion of large chalcogens like sulfur and selenium leads to a seco-HBC-based, helical geometry. All the three-dimensional structures are unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Their photophysical properties including UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, chiroptical, charge distribution, and orbital gaps are investigated experimentally or theoretically. The properties of each structure are significantly affected by the doped chalcogen and its related oxidative state. Notably, upon heating or adding an acid, the selenium-doped NG or its oxide undergoes a selenium extrusion reaction to afford seco-HBC or HBC quantitatively, which can be treated as precursors of hydrocarbon HBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Shengtao Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Chongdao Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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16
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Follana-Berná J, Dawson A, Kaswan RR, Seetharaman S, Karr PA, Sastre-Santos Á, D'Souza F. π-Extended Pyrazinepyrene-Fused Zinc Phthalocyanines: Synthesis and Excited-State Charge Separation Involving Coordinated C 60. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37467488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyrazinepyrene-fused zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc-Pyrn) have been newly synthesized by reacting quinoxaline and the corresponding diamino-functionalized phthalocyanines as a new class of π-extended phthalocyanine systems. Bathochromically shifted absorption as a function of the number of pyrazinepyrene entities due to extended π-conjugation and quenched fluorescence due to the presence of fused pyrazinepyrene were witnessed. The electronic structures of these phthalocyanines were probed by systematic computational and electrochemical studies, while the excited-state properties were examined by pump-probe spectroscopies operating at the femto- and nanosecond time scales. Similar to the excited singlet lifetimes, the excited triplet states also revealed diminished lifetimes with an increased number of pyrazinepyrene entities. Further, the coordinatively unsaturated zinc in these molecules was coordinated with phenyl imidazole-functionalized fullerene, ImC60, to form a new series of donor-acceptor conjugates. Upon full characterization of these conjugates, the occurrence of excited-state charge separation was established by transient pump-probe spectroscopy, covering wide temporal and spatial regions. The lifetime of the final charge-separated states was ∼2 ns and decreased with an increase in the number of fused pyrazinepyrene units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Follana-Berná
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Andrew Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Ram R Kaswan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Sairaman Seetharaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Paul A Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College, 1111 Main Street, Wayne, Nebraska 68787, United States
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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17
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Greßies S, Süße L, Casselman T, Stoltz BM. Tandem Dearomatization/Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11907-11913. [PMID: 37212659 PMCID: PMC10251512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a multistep one-pot reaction of substituted pyridines leading to N-protected tetrahydropyridines with outstanding enantioselectivity (up to 97% ee). An iridium(I)-catalyzed dearomative 1,2-hydrosilylation of pyridines enables the use of N-silyl enamines as a new type of nucleophile in a subsequent palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. This telescoped process overcomes the intrinsic nucleophilic selectivity of pyridines to synthesize enantioenriched, C-3-substituted tetrahydropyridine products that have been otherwise challenging to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Greßies
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lars Süße
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Tyler Casselman
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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18
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Yamaji M, Okamoto H. Star-burst polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons prepared by multi-photocyclization and the photophysical features. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Kou Y, Li G, Han Y, Li M, Wang T, Qu Z, Chen Y. Angularly fused diaza-dinaphthopyrenes: regio-selective synthesis, crystal structures and isomer-dependent mechanochromic fluorescent properties. Chem Sci 2023; 14:668-674. [PMID: 36741508 PMCID: PMC9848161 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a one-pot synthesis of a series of unprecedented angular-fused diaza-dinaphthopyrene isomers (1,8-DNPy and 1,6-DNPy) in high yields, which are enabled by regio-selective Bischler-Napieralski cyclization to fuse two quinolone rings either on the same or opposite faces of a pyrene core. Benefiting from the high reactivity of the 1- and 8-positions of the pyrene ring, steric effect from substitution and remarkably different dipole moments, high ring closure selectivity for the 1,8-form vs. the 1,6-form up to 6 : 1 is achieved with ease of separation. With differentiated molecular symmetry, conformation, intermolecular interactions and aromaticity, the two kinds of regio-isomers exhibit distinct single-crystal structures and optoelectronic properties. Impressively, isomer-dependent mechanochromic fluorescent properties of these 2D-azaacenes are identified, which are unique in their turn-on fluorescence feature and contrasting spectral shifts. These findings allow facile and modular access to regio-specific 2D-N-heteroarenes, which provide a way to create innovative optical sensors with improved sensitivity and fruitful fluorescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kou
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354P. R. China
| | - Guangwu Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai UniversityJinnan DistrictTianjin 300350P. R. China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354P. R. China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijing 100871P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354P. R. China,State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012P. R. China
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20
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Arockiaraj M, Fiona JC, Kavitha SRJ, Shalini AJ, Balasubramanian K. Topological and Spectral Properties of Wavy Zigzag Nanoribbons. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010152. [PMID: 36615349 PMCID: PMC9822221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-dimensional graphene-based nanomaterials are interesting due to their cutting-edge electronic and magnetic properties. Their large surface area, strong mechanical resistance, and electronic properties have enabled potential pharmaceutical and opto-electronic applications. Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are graphene strips of nanometer size possessing zigzag and armchair edge geometries with tunable widths. Despite the recent developments in the characterization, design and synthesis of GNRs, the study of electronic, magnetic and topological properties, GNRs continue to pose a challenge owing to their multidimensionality. In this study, we obtain the topological and electronic properties of a series of wave-like nanoribbons comprising nanographene units with zigzag-shaped edges. The edge partition techniques based on the convex components are employed to compute the mathematical formulae of molecular descriptors for the wave-like zigzag GNRs. We have also obtained the spectral and energetic properties including HOMO-LUMO gaps, bond delocalization energies, resonance energies, 13C NMR and ESR patterns for the GNRs. All of these computations reveal zero to very low HOMO-LUMO gaps that make these nanoribbons potential candidates for topological spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Celin Fiona
- Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | | | - Arul Jeya Shalini
- Department of Mathematics, Women’s Christian College, Chennai 600006, India
| | - Krishnan Balasubramanian
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Wiesner T, Pardon M, Maier S, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. N-Acenoacenes: Synthesis and Solid-State Properties. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201916. [PMID: 35947374 PMCID: PMC10091707 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Four N-acenoacenes were synthesized and analyzed for their optoelectronic properties and solid-state packings. Two of the regioisomeric acridinoacridines are TIPS-ethynylated, whereas the other pair are Boc- and triflate substituted derivatives. The two TIPS-ethynyldiazaacenoacenes were processed into organic thin-film transistors with saturation hole mobilities reaching 2.9×10-2 cm2 (Vs)-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wiesner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Pardon
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM), Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Ofem MI, Louis H, Agwupuye JA, Ameuru US, Apebende GC, Gber TE, Odey JO, Musa N, Ayi AA. Synthesis, spectral characterization, and theoretical investigation of the photovoltaic properties of (E)-6-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)diazenyl)-2-octyl-benzoisoquinoline-1, 3-dione. BMC Chem 2022; 16:109. [PMID: 36463218 PMCID: PMC9719173 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This research work focuses on the synthesis, characterization through spectra (FT-IR, UV-vis, and 1H-NMR) investigations, and the use of density functional theory (DFT) along with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) to investigate the electronic, structural, reactivity, photophysical properties, and the photovoltaic properties of a novel (E)-6-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)diazenyl)-2-octyl-benzoisoquinoline-1,3-dione. The structure of the synthesized compound was modeled using the Gaussian09W and GaussView6.0.16 softwares employing B3LYP and 6-31 + G(d) basis set. The DFT studies was performed in order to investigate the Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), charge distribution, Nonlinear Optics (NLO), and stability of the titled molecule. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap which corresponds to the difference between HOMO and LUMO energies of the studied compound was found to be 2.806 eV indicating stiff and smooth nature of the titled molecule. This accounts for the less stability and high chemical reactivity of the compound. The photovoltaic properties were conducted to evaluate the light harvesting efficiency (LHE), short circuit current density (JSC), Gibbs free energy of injection ([Formula: see text]), open cycled voltage (VOC) and Gibbs free energy regeneration ([Formula: see text]) and solar cell conversion efficiency. Interestingly, the results obtained were found to be in good agreement with other experimental and computational findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbang I. Ofem
- grid.411933.d0000 0004 1808 0571Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria ,grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria ,grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - John A. Agwupuye
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria ,grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Umar S. Ameuru
- grid.411225.10000 0004 1937 1493Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Gloria C. Apebende
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria ,grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Terkumbur E. Gber
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria ,grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O. Odey
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria ,grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Neksumi Musa
- grid.412552.50000 0004 1764 278XDepartment of Environmnetal Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Ayi A. Ayi
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria ,grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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23
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Zhang L, Cao Z. Electronic and photophysical properties of selected organic boron‐containing molecules: Insight into effects of heteroatom substitution and aggregation. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
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24
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A fused π-extended molecule containing an electron-accepting naphthobisthiadiazole and its incorporation into a copolymer: synthesis, properties, and semiconducting performance. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Yin X, Zheng K, Jin Z, Horst M, Xia Y. Synthesis of Contorted Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbons via Regioselective Activation of Cyclobutadienoids. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12715-12724. [PMID: 35793470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Contorted carbon structures have drawn much attention in the past decade for their rich three-dimensional geometries, enhanced solubility, and tunable electronic properties. We report a modular method to synthesize contorted polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons containing helical moieties in controlled topologies. This strategy leverages our previously reported streamlined synthesis of π-systems containing four-membered cyclobutadienoids (CBDs), whose catalyzed cycloaddition with alkynes affords helical structures. Interestingly, we observed exclusive nonbay region regioselectivity in the C-C bond activation of CBDs in our system, which is opposite to the scarce previous examples of [N]phenylene activation that led to the formation of linear phenacene structures. The quantitative and regioselective nonbay region alkyne cycloaddition yielded a variety of helical carbon structures with their topologies predetermined by the CBD-containing precursor hydrocarbons. The cycloaddition can be inhibited by methyl substituents exocyclic to the four-membered ring, thus allowing selective activation of only certain desired CBD units while leaving the others intact. Calculation elucidated the basis for the observed regioselectivity. The described method provides a new route to multihelical aromatic hydrocarbons with complex yet defined geometries, facilitating the further exploration of such fascinating carbon structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matias Horst
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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26
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Wang W, Li S, Wang Q, Ding X, Fang Y, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Wang X. S = 1/2 tetracene monoradical cation/anion: ion-based one-dimensional antiferromagnetic chains. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8962-8965. [PMID: 35858289 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02084j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The monoradical cation 1˙+ and anion 1˙- based on tetracene were generated by one-electron oxidation and one-electron reduction of the bulky tetracene (1), respectively, which contain the largest π-fused skeletons reported to date. For monoradical species, 1˙+ and 1˙-, EPR spectra and DFT calculation results indicate the spin density delocalized over the whole molecules. Notably, in the solid state, 1˙+ and 1˙-, respectively, pack into (1˙+)n and (1˙--K-crown)n, characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The intermolecular interactions of 1˙+ and 1˙- are, respectively, through van der Waals forces and exchange couplings supported by metal ions. The monoradical cation polymer (1˙+)n was the first example based on PAHs. The EPR spectra at 90 K of 1˙+ and 1˙- all show forbidden transitions (Δms = ±2), indicating the existence of electronic coupling between the neighboring radicals, with respective 2J = -6.54 K and 2J = -0.22 K characterized by SQUID measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shunjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Xuguang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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27
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Wang Y, Zhang G. Effect of Molecular Shape on the Properties of Indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole‐Based Compounds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuannan Wang
- Nanjing Forestry University College of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Gang Zhang
- Nanjing Forestry University College of Chemical Engineering Longpan Road 159 210037 Nanjing CHINA
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28
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Zheng X, Huang Z, Zheng Q, Wang L, Zhang C, Gao G. Planar Tetraindolodipleiadiene via Zirconium-Promoted Intramolecular Indolyl C4-H Homocoupling. Org Lett 2022; 24:4197-4201. [PMID: 35658459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel N-rimmed PAH molecule containing a dipleiadiene core (TIDP) was designed and synthesized from indole, wherein a ZrCl4-promoted intramolecular C4-H homocoupling reaction of the indole moieties was the key approach. TIDP exhibited a nearly full planar structure and antiaromaticity of the two embedded heptagonal rings. The extremely stable radical cation TIDP•+·PF6- was isolated quantitatively by oxidation with AgPF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Zhenmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Qinze Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Linhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
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29
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Adachi Y, Arai F, Yamada K, Kurihara M, Ohshita J. Optical Properties of Boron-Incorporated Analogues of Tetrathienoanthracene. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Adachi
- Smart Innovation Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Fuka Arai
- Smart Innovation Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Smart Innovation Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Maho Kurihara
- Smart Innovation Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Smart Innovation Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- Division of Materials Model-Based Research, Digital Monozukuri (Manufacturing) Education and Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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30
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Ji P, Dettmann D, Liu YH, Berti G, Preetha Genesh N, Cui D, MacLean O, Perepichka DF, Chi L, Rosei F. Tandem Desulfurization/C-C Coupling Reaction of Tetrathienylbenzenes on Cu(111): Synthesis of Pentacene and an Exotic Ladder Polymer. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6506-6514. [PMID: 35363486 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-confined reactions represent a powerful approach for the precise synthesis of low-dimensional organic materials. A complete understanding of the pathways of surface reactions would enable the rational synthesis of a wide range of molecules and polymers. Here, we report different reaction pathways of tetrathienylbenzene (T1TB) and its extended congener tetrakis(dithienyl)benzene (T2TB) on Cu(111), investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Both T1TB and T2TB undergo desulfurization when deposited on Cu(111) at room temperature. Deposition of T1TB at 453 K yields pentacene through desulfurization, hydrogen transfer, and a cascade of intramolecular cyclization. In contrast, for T2TB the intramolecular cyclization stops at anthracene and the following intermolecular C-C coupling produces a conjugated ladder polymer. We show that tandem desulfurization/C-C coupling provides a versatile approach for growing carbon-based nanostructures on metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Dominik Dettmann
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Ying-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Giulia Berti
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Navathej Preetha Genesh
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Daling Cui
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Oliver MacLean
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
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31
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Ulč J, Asanuma Y, Moss R, Manca G, Císařová I, Kotora M. Computational, Mechanistic, and Experimental Insights into Regioselective Catalytic C-C Bond Activation in Linear 1-Aza-[3]triphenylene. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8665-8674. [PMID: 35309457 PMCID: PMC8928494 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
C-C bond activation by transition metal complexes in ring-strained compounds followed by annulation with unsaturated compounds is an efficient approach to generate structurally more complex compounds. However, the site of catalytic C-C bond activation is difficult to predict in unsymmetrically substituted polycyclic systems. Here, we report a study on the (regio)selective catalytic cleavage of selected C-C bonds in 1-aza-[3]triphenylene, followed by annulation with alkynes, forming products with extended π-conjugated frameworks. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we established the stability of possible transition metal intermediates formed by oxidative addition to the C-C bond and thus identified the likely site of C-C bond activation. The computationally predicted selectivity was confirmed by the following experimental tests for the corresponding Ir-catalyzed C-C cleavage reaction followed by an alkyne insertion that yielded mixtures of two mono-insertion products isolated with yields of 34-36%, due to the close reactivity of two bonds during the first C-C bond activation. Similar results were obtained for twofold Ir- or Rh-catalyzed insertion reactions, with higher yields of 72-77%. In a broader context, by combining DFT calculations, which provided insights into the relative reactivity of individual C-C bonds, with experimental results, our approach allows us to synthesize previously unknown pentacyclic azaaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ulč
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Yuya Asanuma
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Moss
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ivana Císařová
- CNR-ICCOM, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
Firenze, Italy
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
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32
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Sobhani M, Villinger A, Ehlers P, Langer P. Regioselective Synthesis of Naphthothiophenes by Pd Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions and Alkyne-Carbonyl Metathesis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4560-4568. [PMID: 35275622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Naphthothiophenes were prepared from commercially available 2,3-dibromothiophenes in two steps by one-pot Suzuki/Sonogashira or Sonogashira/Suzuki coupling reactions, followed by intramolecular alkyne-carbonyl-metathesis reactions. The final cyclization reaction proceeds in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid and provides a rapid access to two series of isomeric naphthothiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sobhani
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz Institut für Katalyse, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str.29 a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz Institut für Katalyse, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str.29 a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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33
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The Role of the Ecotoxicology Applied to Seafood as a Tool for Human Health Risk Assessments Concerning Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031211. [PMID: 35162233 PMCID: PMC8834783 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent pollutants routinely detected in aquatic ecosystems. It is, therefore, necessary to assess the link between deleterious marine biota PAH effects, especially in commercialized and consumed animals, environmental health status, and potential human health risks originating from the consumption of contaminated seafood products. Thus, this review seeks to verify the relationships of ecotoxicological studies in determining effect and safety concentrations on animals routinely consumed by humans. Methods: A total of 52 published studies between 2011 and 2021, indexed in three databases, were selected following the PICO methodology, and information on test animals, evaluated PAH, and endpoints were extracted. Results: Benzo(a)pyrene and phenanthrene were the most investigated PAHs in terms of biomarkers and test organisms, and mussels were the most evaluated bioindicator species, with an emphasis on reproductive responses. Furthermore, despite the apparent correlation between environmental PAH dynamics and effects on aquatic biota and human health, few assessments have been performed in a multidisciplinary manner to evaluate these three variables together. Conclusions: The links between human and environmental sciences must be strengthened to enable complete and realistic toxicity assessments as despite the application of seafood assessments, especially to mussels, in bioassays, the connection between toxicological animal responses and risks associated with their consumption is still understudied.
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34
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Wen J, Qiu F, Liu H, Liu X, Hu H, Duan Y, Wang Z, Zhang L. syn
/
anti
‐Oligothienoacene Diimides with up to 10 Fused Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Han Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Hui Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yuxiao Duan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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35
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Xu Q, Wang C, Chen X, Wang Y, Shen Z, Jiang H. Corannulene-based acenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of diacenes still represents a considerable challenge due to their poor stability and low solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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36
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Fei X, Zhang S, Zhai D, Wang Z, Lin JL, Xiao Q, Sun CL, Deng W, Zhang C, Hu W, Zhang HL. Flavanthrene derivatives as photostable and efficient singlet exciton fission materials. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9914-9920. [PMID: 36128249 PMCID: PMC9430411 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet exciton fission (SF) is believed to have the potential to break the Shockley−Quiesser third-generation solar cell devices, so that attracted great attention. Conventional linear acene based SF materials generally...
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - San Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Dong Zhai
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jin-Liang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Qi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Chun-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Weiqiao Deng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China
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37
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Li Q, Moussallem C, Castet F, Muccioli L, Dourges MA, Toupance T, Nicolas Y. Direct Triple Annulations: A Way to Design Large Triazastarphenes with Intertwined Hexagonal Packing. Org Lett 2021; 24:344-348. [PMID: 34908427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new straightforward synthetic strategy has been elaborated to achieve star-shaped triazatrinaphthylene and, for the first time, triazatrianthrylene derivatives. Their solution- and solid-state properties were thoroughly characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. Original hexagonal molecular arrangements were found in the crystal phase, which opens a new pathway for designing materials with improved three-dimensional charge-transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Chady Moussallem
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France.,Université Libanaise, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Chimie, Campus Michael Slayman, 1352 Rasmaska, Lebanon
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari″, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marie-Anne Dourges
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Thierry Toupance
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Yohann Nicolas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
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38
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Zhang L, Jin T, Guo Y, Martin AC, Sun K, Dudley GB, Yang J. Synthesis of gem-Dimethylcyclopentane-Fused Arenes with Various Topologies via TBD-Mediated Dehydro-Diels-Alder Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16716-16724. [PMID: 34709035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient methods for the synthesis of substituted polycyclic arenes with various topologies is in high demand due to their excellent electrical and optical properties. In this work, a series of gem-dimethylcyclopentane-fused arenes with more than ten topologies were synthesized via a 1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD)-mediated dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction with moderate to good yields. The introduction of the near-planar gem-dimethylcyclopentane moiety not only impacts the molecular conjugative system but also regulates the intermolecular π-π interactions and crystal packing, which are critical for the photoelectric performance of arenes. The photophysical properties, molecular geometry, molecular packing of these compounds, and electrochemical properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption, fluorescence emission spectra, DFT calculations, single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, and cyclic voltammetry study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, 438 West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Tengda Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, 438 West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, 438 West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - A C Martin
- Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Keju Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, 438 West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Gregory B Dudley
- Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jingyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, 438 West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
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39
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Wen J, Qiu F, Liu H, Liu X, Hu H, Duan Y, Wang Z, Zhang L. syn/anti-Oligothienoacene Diimides with up to 10 Fused Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112482. [PMID: 34755424 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile and powerful strategy to prepare libraries of oligothienoacene diimides that include anti- and syn-isomers using palladium-catalyzed C-H activation and an unexpected 1,2-sulfur migration. Through this strategy, a series of oligothienoacene diimides containing 6, 8, and 10 fused rings were synthesized. The molecular geometry and extent of π-conjugation have dramatic effects on the electronic properties, degree of crystallinity, and charge-carrier transport properties. Notably, single-crystal microfibers of syn-3 c show electron mobilities up to 4.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 , illustrating the significant potential of these materials for organic electronic devices. Our work demonstrates the versatility of this strategy for the development of oligothienoacene diimide libraries, in particular complex and large syn-oligothienoacene diimides, which are difficult to prepare by present methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Han Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuxiao Duan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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40
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An P, Li R, Ma B, He R, Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang B. Azepine‐ or Azocine‐Embedded Hexabenzocoronene Derivatives as Nitrogen‐Doped Saddle or Saddle‐Helix Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunmimg 650500 P. R. China
| | - Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunmimg 650500 P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunmimg 650500 P. R. China
| | - Run‐Ying He
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunmimg 650500 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Kang Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunmimg 650500 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Jun Xiao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunmimg 650500 P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunmimg 650500 P. R. China
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41
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An P, Li R, Ma B, He RY, Zhang YK, Xiao MJ, Zhang B. Azepine- or Azocine-Embedded Hexabenzocoronene Derivatives as Nitrogen-Doped Saddle or Saddle-Helix Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24478-24483. [PMID: 34528358 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two novel nitrogen-doped, hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC)-based nanographenes (NGs) 1 and 2 bearing an azepine and an azocine at the fjord region, respectively, were synthesized and characterized. Notably, structure 1 was synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of cyclic alkene and tetrachlorothiophene-S,S-dioxide, followed by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and Scholl-type reactions, which represents a modified strategy to construct NGs. The azo-heptagon-embedded NG 1 leads to a saddle shape, and the azo-octagon-embedded NG 2 exhibits a distorted saddle-helix conformation with the largest torsion angle recorded so far in [5]helicenes. As a result, the different structural topographies for NGs 1 and 2 lead to significant changes in the optical properties including UV absorption and fluorescent emission. Additionally, the 8π-heterocycles azepine and azocine in the NGs 1 and 2 exhibited obvious antiaromatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunmimg, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunmimg, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunmimg, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Run-Ying He
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunmimg, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Kang Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunmimg, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Jun Xiao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunmimg, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunmimg, 650500, P. R. China
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42
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Vibrationally resolved absorption and emission spectral shapes of one 5-carbohelicene derivative: A theoretical study. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Xu Q, Wang C, Zheng D, He J, Wang Y, Chen X, Jiang H. A Distorted Hybrid Corannulene-Dibenzobistetracene. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13990-13996. [PMID: 33729788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a new type of distorted nanographene by Diels-Alder and Scholl reactions that contains one dibenzobistetracene (DBT, 1) core and two end-capping corannulene units. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses demonstrate that nanographene 1 contains two [5] helicene subunits with a dihedral angle of 62°, consequently leading to the distorted DBT core. In addition, the photophysical properties and (non)aromaticity of 1 were investigated by the absorption and emission spectra in combination with theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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44
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Jančařík A, Mildner D, Nagata Y, Banasiewicz M, Olas J, Kozankiewicz B, Holec J, Gourdon A. Synthesis and Absorption Properties of Long Acenoacenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:12388-12394. [PMID: 34101270 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons composed of linearly fused benzene rings have received immense attention due to their performance as semiconductors in organic optoelectronic applications. Their appealing physicochemical properties, such as extended delocalization, high charge carrier mobilities, narrow HOMO-LOMO gaps and partially radical character in the ground state make them very attractive targets for many potential applications. However, the intrinsic synthetic challenges of unsubstituted members such as high reactivity and poor solubility are still limiting factors for their wider exploitation. Herein, we report a simple general synthesis of a new family of angularly fused acenoacenes with improved stability compared to their isoelectronic linear counterparts. The synthesis and comprehensive characterization of pentacenopentacene, pentacenohexacene and hexacenohexacene, with lengths between decacene and dodecacene, are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Jančařík
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Science, IOCB CAS Flemingovo nám. 542, 160 00, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Mildner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Science, IOCB CAS Flemingovo nám. 542, 160 00, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Japan Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Olas
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Boleslaw Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Holec
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - André Gourdon
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
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45
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Abstract
Pyrazinacenes are a class of nitrogen-containing heteroacene molecules composed of linearly fused pyrazine units, which might also include dihydropyrazine groups leading to different reduced states of the compounds. While they are structurally similar to hydrocarbon acenes (e.g., pentacene) the presence of increasing numbers of N-heteroatoms introduces several different additional features of the compounds so that they can be considered for investigations beyond those suggested for acenes (i.e., organic field-effect transistors, solar cell components). Pyrazinacenes are in several ways complementary to C-H-only acenes based on the increasing stability of reduced states of the compounds with increasing numbers of fused pyrazine rings, although an acene-like electronic structure persists in the compounds so far studied. However, the introduction of multiple N atoms leads to properties that depart from C-H-only acenes. In particular, the compounds exhibit a delocalization of NH protons in extended reduced compounds and oxidation state switchability in solution and at interfaces. The presence of NH groups also allows an easy introduction of solubilizing groups at the pyrazinacene chromophore. In this Account, we will describe the preparation of extended pyrazinacenes from dipyrazino[2,3-b:2',3'-e]pyrazine (1,4,5,8,9,10-hexaazaanthracene; N6) derivatives up to 1,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,13,14,15,16,17,18-tetradecaazaheptacene (N14) and also assess structures of the relevant compounds based on X-ray crystallographic studies. Emergent properties of the molecules include highly unusual linear tautomeric processes based on a delocalization of protons (and the corresponding formation of orbitals based on multiple adjacent N lone electron pair interactions), which suggest special transport properties based on molecular protonics. Molecules such as decazapentacene (N10) exhibit multistability of oxidation state, and this is predicted to promote the redox catalytic properties of the compounds. The oxidation-state switching of on-surface processes is also described and has been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. The longest known pyrazinacene chromophore (N14) exhibits amphiprotism with its state of protonation being strongly coupled to its fluorescence emission properties in the near-infrared region indicating possible uses in pH-coupled bioimaging applications. The synthesis of the pyrazinacenes is flexible and allows the preparation of symmetrically or unsymmetrically substituted derivatives for the development of more complex molecules and for control of the electronic structure of the acene unit. Overall, the pyrazinacenes represent an emerging class of highly nitrogenous heteroacenes with unique properties and excellent potential for development in different applications based on their special supramolecular properties including guest binding or interactions in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Richards
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku 307, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- Functional Chromophores Group, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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46
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Ahrens L, Maier S, Misselwitz E, Oeser T, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. TIPS-Ethynylated Naphthodiquinoline and Naphthodiacridine: Novel Diazabisacenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10569-10573. [PMID: 33938059 PMCID: PMC8362069 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two diazabisacenes is reported. A bisboronated naphthalene was Suzuki‐coupled to substituted ethyl nicotinates, then cyclized by intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts acylation. The resulting diketones were alkynylated and reduced to give the title compounds, bis(TIPS‐ethynyl)‐substituted naphtha[1,8‐gh:5,4‐g′h′]diquinoline and naphtho[1,8‐bc:5,4‐b′c′]diacridine. Nitrogen incorporation stabilizes the bisacenes with respect to oxidation compared to their consanguine nonaza analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ahrens
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erik Misselwitz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM), Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Zhang MX, Jin X, Yang X, Xu Z, Liu SH. Synthesis and properties of 3-fold symmetrical hexabenzocoronene-bridged trinuclear alkynylgold(I) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1937613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xuyang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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48
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Ando N, Yamada T, Narita H, Oehlmann NN, Wagner M, Yamaguchi S. Boron-Doped Polycyclic π-Electron Systems with an Antiaromatic Borole Substructure That Forms Photoresponsive B–P Lewis Adducts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9944-9951. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroki Narita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Niels N. Oehlmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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49
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Topological characterization of hexagonal and rectangular tessellations of kekulenes as traps for toxic heavy metal ions. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Su X, Bartholome TA, Tidwell JR, Pujol A, Yruegas S, Martinez JJ, Martin CD. 9-Borafluorenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4147-4192. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Tyler A. Bartholome
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - John R. Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Alba Pujol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Sam Yruegas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jesse J. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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