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Kim S, Jeon JH, Park K, Kweon SH, Hyun JH, Song C, Lee D, Song G, Yu SH, Lee TK, Kwak SK, Lee KT, Hong SY, Choi NS. Electrolyte Design for High-Voltage Lithium-Metal Batteries with Synthetic Sulfonamide-Based Solvent and Electrochemically Active Additives. Adv Mater 2024:e2401615. [PMID: 38447185 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Considering practical viability, Li-metal battery electrolytes should be formulated by tuning solvent composition similar to electrolyte systems for Li-ion batteries to enable the facile salt-dissociation, ion-conduction, and introduction of sacrificial additives for building stable electrode-electrolyte interfaces. Although 1,2-dimethoxyethane with a high-donor number enables the implementation of ionic compounds as effective interface modifiers, its ubiquitous usage is limited by its low-oxidation durability and high-volatility. Regulation of the solvation structure and construction of well-structured interfacial layers ensure the potential strength of electrolytes in both Li-metal and LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 (NCM811). This study reports the build-up of multilayer solid-electrolyte interphase by utilizing different electron-accepting tendencies of lithium difluoro(bisoxalato) phosphate (LiDFBP), lithium nitrate, and synthetic 1-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)piperidine. Furthermore, a well-structured cathode-electrolyte interface from LiDFBP effectively addresses the issues with NCM811. The developed electrolyte based on a framework of highly- and weakly-solvating solvents with interface modifiers enables the operation of Li|NCM811 cells with a high areal capacity cathode (4.3 mAh cm-2 ) at 4.4 V versus Li/Li+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Saehun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobin Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Kweon
- School of Energy of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Hyun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeeun Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gawon Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Tae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung You Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Lim JM, Shim S, Bui HT, Kim J, Kim HJ, Hwa Y, Cho S. Substitution Effect of a Single Nitrogen Atom on π-Electronic Systems of Linear Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Theoretically Visualized Coexistence of Mono- and Polycyclic π-Electron Delocalization. Molecules 2024; 29:784. [PMID: 38398536 PMCID: PMC10892997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigated the nitrogen substitution effect on the molecular structure and π-electron delocalization in linear nitrogen-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N-PAHs). Based on the optimized molecular structures and magnetic field-induced parameters of fused bi- and tricyclic linear N-PAHs, we found that the local π-electron delocalization of subcycles (e.g., mono- and bicyclic constituent moieties) in linear N-PAHs is preserved, despite deviation from ideal structures of parent monocycles. The introduction of a fused five-membered ring with a pyrrolic N atom (N-5MR) in linear N-PAHs significantly perturbs the π-electronic condition of the neighboring fused six-membered ring (6MR). Monocyclic pyrrole exhibits substantial bond length alternations, strongly influencing the π-electronic systems of both the fused N-5MR and 6MR in linear N-PAHs, depending on the location of shared covalent bonds. A fused six-membered ring with a graphitic N atom in an indolizine moiety cannot generate monocyclic π-electron delocalization but instead contributes to the formation of polycyclic π-electron delocalization. This is evidenced by bifurcated diatropic ring currents induced by an external magnetic field. In conclusion, the satisfaction of Hückel's 4n + 2 rule for both mono- and polycycles is crucial for understanding the overall π-electron delocalization. It is crucial to consider the unique characteristics of the three types of substituted N atoms and the spatial arrangement of 5MR and 6MR in N-PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sangdeok Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hoa Thi Bui
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoon Hwa
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.T.B.); (J.K.)
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Jeon S, Choi H, Jeon Y, Choi WH, Choi H, An K, Ryu H, Bhak J, Lee H, Kwon Y, Ha S, Kim YJ, Blazyte A, Kim C, Kim Y, Kang Y, Woo YJ, Lee C, Seo J, Yoon C, Bolser D, Biro O, Shin ES, Kim BC, Kim SY, Park JH, Jeon J, Jung D, Lee S, Bhak J. Korea4K: whole genome sequences of 4,157 Koreans with 107 phenotypes derived from extensive health check-ups. Gigascience 2024; 13:giae014. [PMID: 38626723 PMCID: PMC11020240 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenome-wide association studies (PheWASs) have been conducted on Asian populations, including Koreans, but many were based on chip or exome genotyping data. Such studies have limitations regarding whole genome-wide association analysis, making it crucial to have genome-to-phenome association information with the largest possible whole genome and matched phenome data to conduct further population-genome studies and develop health care services based on population genomics. RESULTS Here, we present 4,157 whole genome sequences (Korea4K) coupled with 107 health check-up parameters as the largest genomic resource of the Korean Genome Project. It encompasses most of the variants with allele frequency >0.001 in Koreans, indicating that it sufficiently covered most of the common and rare genetic variants with commonly measured phenotypes for Koreans. Korea4K provides 45,537,252 variants, and half of them were not present in Korea1K (1,094 samples). We also identified 1,356 new genotype-phenotype associations that were not found by the Korea1K dataset. Phenomics analyses further revealed 24 significant genetic correlations, 14 pleiotropic associations, and 127 causal relationships based on Mendelian randomization among 37 traits. In addition, the Korea4K imputation reference panel, the largest Korean variants reference to date, showed a superior imputation performance to Korea1K across all allele frequency categories. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, Korea4K provides not only the largest Korean genome data but also corresponding health check-up parameters and novel genome-phenome associations. The large-scale pathological whole genome-wide omics data will become a powerful set for genome-phenome level association studies to discover causal markers for the prediction and diagnosis of health conditions in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Jeon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Choi
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jeon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Whan-Hyuk Choi
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mathematics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Choi
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwhan An
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Ryu
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Bhak
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjae Lee
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsung Kwon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyeon Ha
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Kim
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Asta Blazyte
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Younghui Kang
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chanyoung Lee
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Seo
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhan Yoon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Bolser
- Geromics Ltd., Cambridge CB1 3NF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eun-Seok Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seon-Young Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Park
- Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbum Jeon
- Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooyoung Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Lee
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bhak
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Personal Genomics Institute (PGI), Genome Research Foundation (GRF), Osong 28160, Republic of Korea
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4
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Jang YH, Raspaud E, Lansac Y. DNA-protamine condensates under low salt conditions: molecular dynamics simulation with a simple coarse-grained model focusing on electrostatic interactions. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:4798-4808. [PMID: 37705794 PMCID: PMC10496769 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Protamine, a small, strongly positively-charged protein, plays a key role in achieving chromatin condensation inside sperm cells and is also involved in the formulation of nanoparticles for gene therapy and packaging of mRNA-based vaccines against viral infection and cancer. The detailed mechanisms of such condensations are still poorly understood especially under low salt conditions where electrostatic interaction predominates. Our previous study, with a refined coarse-grained model in full consideration of the long-range electrostatic interactions, has demonstrated the crucial role of electrostatic interaction in protamine-controlled reversible DNA condensation. Therefore, we herein pay our attention only to the electrostatic interaction and devise a coarser-grained bead-spring model representing the right linear charge density on protamine and DNA chains but treating other short-range interactions as simply as possible, which would be suitable for real-scale simulations. Effective pair potential calculations and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations using this extremely simple model reproduce the phase behaviour of DNA in a wide range of protamine concentrations under low salt conditions, again revealing the importance of the electrostatic interaction in this process and providing a detailed nanoscale picture of bundle formation mediated by a charge disproportionation mechanism. Our simulations also show that protamine length alters DNA overcharging and in turn redissolution thresholds of DNA condensates, revealing the important role played by entropies and correlated fluctuations of condensing agents and thus offering an additional opportunity to design tailored nanoparticles for gene therapy. The control mechanism of DNA-protamine condensates will also provide a better microscopic picture of biomolecular condensates, i.e., membraneless organelles arising from liquid-liquid phase separation, that are emerging as key principles of intracellular organization. Such condensates controlled by post-translational modification of protamine, in particular phosphorylation, or by variations in protamine length from species to species may also be responsible for the chromatin-nucleoplasm patterning observed during spermatogenesis in several vertebrate and invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hee Jang
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA CVL 37200 Tours France
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST Daegu 42988 Korea
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Eric Raspaud
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Yves Lansac
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA CVL 37200 Tours France
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST Daegu 42988 Korea
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
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Dale N, Utama MIB, Lee D, Leconte N, Zhao S, Lee K, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Koch RJ, Jung J, Wang F, Lanzara A. Layer-Dependent Interaction Effects in the Electronic Structure of Twisted Bilayer Graphene Devices. Nano Lett 2023; 23:6799-6806. [PMID: 37486984 PMCID: PMC10424631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Near the magic angle, strong correlations drive many intriguing phases in twisted bilayer graphene (tBG) including unconventional superconductivity and chern insulation. Whether correlations can tune symmetry breaking phases in tBG at intermediate (≳ 2°) twist angles remains an open fundamental question. Here, using ARPES, we study the effects of many-body interactions and displacement field on the band structure of tBG devices at an intermediate (3°) twist angle. We observe a layer- and doping-dependent renormalization of bands at the K points that is qualitatively consistent with moiré models of the Hartree-Fock interaction. We provide evidence of correlation-enhanced inversion symmetry-breaking, manifested by gaps at the Dirac points that are tunable with doping. These results suggest that electronic interactions play a significant role in the physics of tBG even at intermediate twist angles and present a new pathway toward engineering band structure and symmetry-breaking phases in moiré heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dale
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - M. Iqbal Bakti Utama
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dongkyu Lee
- Department
of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
- Department
of Smart Cities, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Nicolas Leconte
- Department
of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Sihan Zhao
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of
Quantum Technology and Device, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials,
and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Roland J. Koch
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeil Jung
- Department
of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
- Department
of Smart Cities, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Feng Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience
Institute at University of California Berkeley
and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alessandra Lanzara
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience
Institute at University of California Berkeley
and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Ku D, Kim G, Peck KR, Park IK, Chang R, Kim D, Lee S. Attitudinal analysis of vaccination effects to lead endemic phases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10261. [PMID: 37355758 PMCID: PMC10290696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve endemic phases, repeated vaccinations are necessary. However, individuals may grapple with whether to get vaccinated due to potential side effects. When an individual is already immune due to previous infections or vaccinations, the perceived risk from vaccination is often less than the risk of infection. Yet, repeated rounds of vaccination can lead to avoidance, impeding the establishment of endemic phases. We explore this phenomenon using an individual-based Monte Carlo simulation, validating our findings with game theory. The Nash equilibrium encapsulates individuals' non-cooperative behavior, while the system's optimal value represents the societal benefits of altruistic cooperation. We define the difference between these as the price of anarchy. Our simulations reveal that the price of anarchy must fall below a threshold of 12.47 for endemic phases to be achieved in a steady state. This suggests that for a basic reproduction number of 10, a consistent vaccination rate greater than 89% is required. These findings offer new insights into vaccination-related decision-making and can inform effective strategies to tackle infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Donghan Kim
- Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, Sejong, South Korea
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7
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Thao NTT, Kim K, Ryu JH, An BS, Nayak AK, Jang JU, Na KH, Choi WY, Ali G, Chae KH, Akbar M, Chung KY, Cho HS, Park JH, Kim BH, Han H. Colossal Dielectric Perovskites of Calcium Copper Titanate (CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ) with Low-Iridium Dopants Enables Ultrahigh Mass Activity for the Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207695. [PMID: 36991522 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under acidic conditions becomes of significant importance for the practical use of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer. In particular, maximizing the mass activity of iridium (Ir) is one of the maiden issues. Herein, the authors discover that the Ir-doped calcium copper titanate (CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂, CCTO) perovskite exhibits ultrahigh mass activity up to 1000 A gIr -1 for the acidic OER, which is 66 times higher than that of the benchmark catalyst, IrO2 . By substituting Ti with Ir in CCTO, metal-oxygen (M-O) covalency can be significantly increased leading to the reduced energy barrier for charge transfer. Further, highly polarizable CCTO perovskite referred to as "colossal dielectric", possesses low defect formation energy for oxygen vacancy inducing a high number of oxygen vacancies in Ir-doped CCTO (Ir-CCTO). Electron transfer occurs from the oxygen vacancies and Ti to the substituted Ir consequentially resulting in the electron-rich Ir and -deficient Ti sites. Thus, favorable adsorptions of oxygen intermediates can take place at Ti sites while the Ir ensures efficient charge supplies during OER, taking a top position of the volcano plot. Simultaneously, the introduced Ir dopants form nanoclusters at the surface of Ir-CCTO, which can boost catalytic activity for the acidic OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thu Thao
- Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 05029, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Computational Science & Engineering Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 34129, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Ryu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, 27469, 50 Daehak-ro, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon An
- Analysis Center for Energy Research, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 34129, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Arpan Kumar Nayak
- Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 05029, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Uk Jang
- Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 05029, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Han Na
- Department of Metal and Materials Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 25457, 7 Jukheongil, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
- Smart Hydrogen Energy Center, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 25457, 7 Jukheongil, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Youl Choi
- Department of Metal and Materials Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 25457, 7 Jukheongil, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
- Smart Hydrogen Energy Center, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 25457, 7 Jukheongil, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghulam Ali
- U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCASE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Keun Hwa Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 02792, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Akbar
- Energy Storage Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 02792, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yoon Chung
- Energy Storage Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 02792, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Cho
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 34129, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Computational Science & Engineering Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Kim
- Computational Science & Engineering Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 34129, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - HyukSu Han
- Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 05029, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Yoo HS, Jung YL, Jun SP. Prediction of SMEs' R&D performances by machine learning for project selection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7598. [PMID: 37165080 PMCID: PMC10172173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of government-funded research and development (R&D) programs for small and medium enterprises, it is necessary to make the process of selecting beneficiary firm objective. We aimed to develop machine learning models to predict the performances of individual R&D projects in advance, and to present an objective method that can be utilized in the project selection. We trained our models on data from 1771 R&D projects conducted in South Korea between 2011 and 2015. The models predict the likelihood of R&D success, commercialization, and patent applications within 5 years of project completion. Key factors for predicting the performances include the research period and area, the ratio of subsidy to research budget, the firm's region and venture certification, and the average debt ratio of the industry. Our models' precisions were superior to qualitative expert evaluation, and the machine learning rules could be explained theoretically. We presented a methodology for objectively scoring new R&D projects based on their propensity scores of achieving the performances and balancing them with expert evaluation scores. Our methodology is expected to contribute to improving the efficiency of R&D investment by supplementing qualitative expert evaluation and selecting projects with a high probability of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Sun Yoo
- Division of Data Analysis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Science and Technology Management and Policy, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye Lim Jung
- Division of Data Analysis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Data and High Performance Computing Science, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Jun
- Division of Data Analysis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Science and Technology Management and Policy, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Bootharaju MS, Lee CW, Deng G, Kim H, Lee K, Lee S, Chang H, Lee S, Sung YE, Yoo JS, Zheng N, Hyeon T. Atom-Precise Heteroatom Core-Tailoring of Nanoclusters for Enhanced Solar Hydrogen Generation. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2207765. [PMID: 36773328 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While core-shell nanomaterials are highly desirable for realizing enhanced optical and catalytic properties, their synthesis with atomic-level control is challenging. Here, the synthesis and crystal structure of [Au12 Ag32 (SePh)30 ]4- , the first example of selenolated Au-Ag core-shell nanoclusters, comprising a gold icosahedron core trapped in a silver dodecahedron, which is protected by an Ag12 (SePh)30 shell, is presented. The gold core strongly modifies the overall electronic structure and induces synergistic effects, resulting in high enhancements in the stability and near-infrared-II photoluminescence. The Au12 Ag32 and its homometal analog Ag44 , show strong interactions with oxygen vacancies of TiO2 , facilitating the interfacial charge transfer for photocatalysis. Indeed, the Au12 Ag32 /TiO2 exhibits remarkable solar H2 production (6810 µmol g-1 h-1 ), which is ≈6.2 and ≈37.8 times higher than that of Ag44 /TiO2 and TiO2 , respectively. Good stability and recyclability with minimal catalytic activity loss are additional features of Au12 Ag32 /TiO2 . The experimental and computational results reveal that the Au12 Ag32 acts as an efficient cocatalyst by possessing a favorable electronic structure that aligns well with the TiO2 bands for the enhanced separation of photoinduced charge carriers due to the relatively negatively charged Au12 core. These atomistic insights will motivate uncovering of the structure-catalytic activity relationships of other nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megalamane Siddaramappa Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Guocheng Deng
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hyeseung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangjae Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogeun Chang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbeom Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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10
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Lee BS, Ryoo R, Park JS, Choi SU, Jeong SY, Ko YJ, Kim JK, Kim JC, Kim KH. Meyeroguilline E, a New Isoindolinone Alkaloid from the Poisonous Mushroom Chlorophyllum molybdites, and Identification of Compounds with Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Reversal Activities. ACS Omega 2022; 7:39456-39462. [PMID: 36340132 PMCID: PMC9631746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three isoindolinone alkaloids (1-3), including one new isoindolinone-type alkaloid, meyeroguilline E (1), and six other known compounds (4-9) were isolated from the poisonous mushroom Chlorophyllum molybdites (Agaricaceae). The structure of the new compound was determined using extensive spectroscopic analyses via one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR data interpretation and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). To the best of our knowledge, compound 1 is the first example of a natural isoindolinone with a butanoic acid moiety, and this study is the first to detect the other known compounds (2-9) in C. molybdites. The isolated compounds (1-9) were examined for their multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity against MES-SA, MES-SA/DX5, HCT15, and HCT15/CL02 human cancer cells. Based on the results, 20 μM of compounds 3 and 6 slightly potentiated paclitaxel (TAX)-induced cytotoxicity in MES-SA/DX5, HCT15, and HCT15/CL02 cells; however, the compounds had no effect on the cytotoxicity against MES-SA and nonMDR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Soo Lee
- School
of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Rhim Ryoo
- Special
Forest Products Division, Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Song Park
- Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yun Jeong
- School
of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory
of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, National Center for Inter-University
Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National
University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- KIST Gangneung
Institute of Natural Products, Natural Product
Research Center, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School
of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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11
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Yoo YE, Yoo T, Kang H, Kim E. Brain region and gene dosage-differential transcriptomic changes in Shank2-mutant mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:977305. [PMID: 36311025 PMCID: PMC9612946 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.977305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank2 is an abundant excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein that has been implicated in various neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Shank2-mutant mice show ASD-like behavioral deficits and altered synaptic and neuronal functions, but little is known about how different brain regions and gene dosages affect the transcriptomic phenotypes of these mice. Here, we performed RNA-Seq-based transcriptomic analyses of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum in adult Shank2 heterozygous (HT)- and homozygous (HM)-mutant mice lacking exons 6–7. The prefrontal cortical, hippocampal, and striatal regions showed distinct transcriptomic patterns associated with synapse, ribosome, mitochondria, spliceosome, and extracellular matrix (ECM). The three brain regions were also distinct in the expression of ASD-related and ASD-risk genes. These differential patterns were stronger in the prefrontal cortex where the HT transcriptome displayed increased synaptic gene expression and reverse-ASD patterns whereas the HM transcriptome showed decreased synaptic gene expression and ASD-like patterns. These results suggest brain region- and gene dosage-differential transcriptomic changes in Shank2-mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Yoo
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Taesun Yoo
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eunjoon Kim,
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12
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Yoo T, Yoo YE, Kang H, Kim E. Age, brain region, and gene dosage-differential transcriptomic changes in Shank3-mutant mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1017512. [PMID: 36311023 PMCID: PMC9597470 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1017512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank3 is an abundant excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Phelan-McDermid syndrome, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. Shank3-mutant mice show various molecular, synaptic, and behavioral deficits, but little is known about how transcriptomic phenotypes vary across different ages, brain regions, and gene dosages. Here, we report transcriptomic patterns in the forebrains of juvenile and adult homozygous Shank3-mutant mice that lack exons 14–16 and also the prefrontal, hippocampal, and striatal transcriptomes in adult heterozygous and homozygous Shank3-mutant mice. The juvenile and adult mutant transcriptomes show patterns opposite from and similar to those observed in ASD (termed reverse-ASD and ASD-like patterns), respectively. The juvenile transcriptomic changes accompany synaptic upregulations and ribosomal and mitochondrial downregulations, whereas the adult transcriptome show opposite changes. The prefrontal, hippocampal, and striatal transcriptomes show differential changes in ASD-related gene expressions and biological functions associated with synapse, ribosome, mitochondria, and spliceosome. These patterns also differ across heterozygous and homozygous Shank3-mutant mice. These results suggest age, brain region, and gene dosage-differential transcriptomic changes in Shank3-mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesun Yoo
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Yoo
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eunjoon Kim,
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13
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Paik H, Kim J, Seo S. Analysis of the docking property of host variants of hACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 in a large cohort. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009834. [PMID: 35816517 PMCID: PMC9302733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is threatening global health. However, an understanding of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with human cells, including the physical docking property influenced by the host's genetic diversity, is still lacking. Here, based on germline variants in the UK Biobank covering 502,543 individuals, we revealed the molecular interactions between human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), which is the representative receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry, and COVID-19 infection. We identified six nonsense and missense variants of hACE2 from 2585 subjects in the UK Biobank covering 500000 individuals. Using our molecular dynamics simulations, three hACE2 variants from 2585 individuals we selected showed higher levels of binding free energy for docking in the range of 1.44-3.69 kcal/mol. Although there are diverse contributors to SARS-CoV-2 infections, including the mobility of individuals, we analyzed the diagnosis records of individuals with these three variants of hACE2. Our molecular dynamics simulations combined with population-based genomic data provided an atomistic understanding of the interaction between hACE2 and the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Paik
- Division of Supercomputing, Center for supercomputing application and research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Data and HPC science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Division of Supercomputing, Center for supercomputing application and research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sangjae Seo
- Division of Supercomputing, Center for supercomputing application and research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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14
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Kim HS, Jeon S, Kim Y, Kim C, Bhak J, Bhak J. KOREF_S1: phased, parental trio-binned Korean reference genome using long reads and Hi-C sequencing methods. Gigascience 2022; 11:giac022. [PMID: 35333300 PMCID: PMC8952264 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KOREF is the Korean reference genome, which was constructed with various sequencing technologies including long reads, short reads, and optical mapping methods. It is also the first East Asian multiomic reference genome accompanied by extensive clinical information, time-series and multiomic data, and parental sequencing data. However, it was still not a chromosome-scale reference. Here, we updated the previous KOREF assembly to a new chromosome-level haploid assembly of KOREF, KOREF_S1v2.1. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) PromethION, Pacific Biosciences HiFi-CCS, and Hi-C technology were used to build the most accurate East Asian reference assembled so far. RESULTS We produced 705 Gb ONT reads and 114 Gb Pacific Biosciences HiFi reads, and corrected ONT reads by Pacific Biosciences reads. The corrected ultra-long reads reached higher accuracy of 1.4% base errors than the previous KOREF_S1v1.0, which was mainly built with short reads. KOREF has parental genome information, and we successfully phased it using a trio-binning method, acquiring a near-complete haploid-assembly. The final assembly resulted in total length of 2.9 Gb with an N50 of 150 Mb, and the longest scaffold covered 97.3% of GRCh38's chromosome 2. In addition, the final assembly showed high base accuracy, with <0.01% base errors. CONCLUSIONS KOREF_S1v2.1 is the first chromosome-scale haploid assembly of the Korean reference genome with high contiguity and accuracy. Our study provides useful resources of the Korean reference genome and demonstrates a new strategy of hybrid assembly that combines ONT's PromethION and PacBio's HiFi-CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-su Kim
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Jeon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonkyung Kim
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjae Kim
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Bhak
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bhak
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
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15
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Ghassami A, Oleiki E, Kim DY, Shin HJ, Lee G, Kim KS. Facile room-temperature self-assembly of extended cation-free guanine-quartet network on Mo-doped Au(111) surface. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:3867-3874. [PMID: 36133009 PMCID: PMC9418868 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00235j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Guanine-quadruplex, consisting of several stacked guanine-quartets (GQs), has emerged as an important category of novel molecular targets with applications from nanoelectronic devices to anticancer drugs. Incorporation of metal cations into a GQ structure is utilized to form stable G-quadruplexes, while formation of a cation-free GQ network has been challenging. Here we report the room temperature (RT) molecular self-assembly of extended pristine GQ networks on an Au(111) surface. An implanted molybdenum atom within the Au(111) surface is used to nucleate and stabilize the cation-free GQ network. Additionally, decoration of the Au(111) surface with 7-armchair graphene nanoribbons (7-AGNRs) enhances the GQ domain size by suppressing the influence of the disordered phase nucleated from Au step edges. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the formation of GQ networks and unravel the nucleation and growth mechanism. Our work, utilizing a hetero-atom doped substrate, provides a facile approach to enhance the stability and domain size of the GQ self-assembly, which would be applicable for other molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Ghassami
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Elham Oleiki
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Geunsik Lee
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang S Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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16
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Kang M, Yoon S, Ga S, Kang DW, Han S, Choe JH, Kim H, Kim DW, Chung YG, Hong CS. High-Throughput Discovery of Ni(IN) 2 for Ethane/Ethylene Separation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2004940. [PMID: 34105296 PMCID: PMC8188204 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although ethylene (C2 H4 ) is one of the most critical chemicals used as a feedstock in artificial plastic chemistry fields, it is challenging to obtain high-purity C2 H4 gas without any trace ethane (C2 H6 ) by the oil cracking process. Adsorptive separation using C2 H6 -selective adsorbents is beneficial because it directly produces high-purity C2 H4 in a single step. Herein, Ni(IN)2 (HIN = isonicotinic acid) is computationally discovered as a promising adsorbent with the assistance of the multiscale high-throughput computational screening workflow and Computation-Ready, Experimental (CoRE) metal-organic framework (MOF) 2019 database. Ni(IN)2 is subsequently synthesized and tested to show the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) selectivity of 2.45 at 1 bar for a C2 H6 /C2 H4 mixture (1:15), which is one of the top-performing selectivity values reported for C2 H6 -selective MOFs as well as excellent recyclability, suggesting that this material is a promising C2 H6 -selective adsorbent. Process-level simulation results based on experimental isotherms demonstrate that the material is one of the top materials reported to date for ethane/ethylene separation under the conditions considered in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Kang
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Yoon
- School of Chemical EngineeringPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbin Ga
- School of Chemical EngineeringPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Kang
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyun Han
- School of Chemical EngineeringPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeak Choe
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Yongchul G. Chung
- School of Chemical EngineeringPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seop Hong
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
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17
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Rezapour MR, Lee G, Kim KS. A high performance N-doped graphene nanoribbon based spintronic device applicable with a wide range of adatoms. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:5905-5911. [PMID: 36133856 PMCID: PMC9419213 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Designing and fabricating nanosize spintronic devices is a crucial task to develop information technology of the future. However, most of the introduced spin filters suffer from several limitations including difficulty in manipulating the spin current, incapability in utilizing a wide range of dopants to provide magnetism, or obstacles in their experimental realization. Here, by employing first principles calculations, we introduce a structurally simple and functionally efficient spin filter device composed of a zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) with an embedded nitrogenated divacancy. We show that the proposed system, possessing a robust ferromagnetic (FM) ordering, exhibits perfect half metallic behavior in the absence of frequently used transition metals (TMs). Our calculations also show that the suggested system is compatible with a wide range of adatoms including basic metals, metalloids, and TMs. It means that besides d electron magnetism originating from TMs, p electrons of incorporated elements of the main group can also cause half metallicity in the electronic structure of the introduced system. Our system exploiting the robustness of doping-induced FM ordering would be beneficial for promising multifunctional spin filter devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Rezapour
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Korea
| | - Geunsik Lee
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Korea
| | - Kwang S Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Korea
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18
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Abstract
The rare-earth metal hydrides with clathrate structures have been highly attractive because of their promising high-[Formula: see text] superconductivity at high pressure. Recently, cerium hydride [Formula: see text] composed of Ce-encapsulated clathrate H cages was synthesized at much lower pressures of 80-100 GPa, compared to other experimentally synthesized rare-earth hydrides such as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Based on density-functional theory calculations, we find that the Ce 5p semicore and 4f/5d valence states strongly hybridize with the H 1s state, while a transfer of electrons occurs from Ce to H atoms. Further, we reveal that the delocalized nature of Ce 4f electrons plays an important role in the chemical precompression of clathrate H cages. Our findings not only suggest that the bonding nature between the Ce atoms and H cages is characterized as a mixture of ionic and covalent, but also have important implications for understanding the origin of enhanced chemical precompression that results in the lower pressures required for the synthesis of [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Jeon
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Natural Science, and Institute for High Pressure at Hanyang University, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-ku, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Chongze Wang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Natural Science, and Institute for High Pressure at Hanyang University, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-ku, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Seho Yi
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Natural Science, and Institute for High Pressure at Hanyang University, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-ku, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Cho
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Natural Science, and Institute for High Pressure at Hanyang University, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-ku, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
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Kim I, Kim HS, Ryu H. Piezoresistivity of InAsP Nanowires: Role of Crystal Phases and Phosphorus Atoms in Strain-Induced Channel Conductances. Molecules 2019; 24:E3249. [PMID: 31489942 PMCID: PMC6766923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong piezoresistivity of InAsP nanowires is rationalized with atomistic simulations coupled to Density Functional Theory. With a focal interest in the case of the As(75%)-P(25%) alloy, the role of crystal phases and phosphorus atoms in strain-driven carrier conductance is discussed with a direct comparison to nanowires of a single crystal phase and a binary (InAs) alloy. Our analysis of electronic structures presents solid evidences that the strong electron conductance and its sensitivity to external tensile stress are due to the phosphorous atoms in a Wurtzite phase, and the effect of a Zincblende phase is not remarkable. With several solid connections to recent experimental studies, this work can serve as a sound framework for understanding of the unique piezoresistive characteristics of InAsP nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kim
- National Institute of Supercomputing and Networking, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Han Seul Kim
- National Institute of Supercomputing and Networking, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hoon Ryu
- National Institute of Supercomputing and Networking, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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Yun SJ, Kim H, Jung SH, Kim JH, Ryu JE, Singh NJ, Jeon J, Han JK, Kim CH, Kim S, Jang SK, Kim WJ. The mechanistic insight of a specific interaction between 15d-Prostaglandin-J2 and eIF4A suggests an evolutionary conserved role across species. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio035402. [PMID: 30257829 PMCID: PMC6262856 DOI: 10.1242/bio.035402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is an anti-inflammatory/anti-neoplastic prostaglandin that functions through covalent binding to cysteine residues of various target proteins. We previously showed that 15d-PGJ2 mediated anti-inflammatory responses are dependent on the translational inhibition through its interaction with eIF4A (Kim et al., 2007). Binding of 15d-PGJ2 to eIF4A specifically blocks the interaction between eIF4G and eIF4A, which leads to the formation of stress granules (SGs), which then cluster mRNAs with inhibited translation. Here, we show that the binding between 15d-PGJ2 and eIF4A specifically blocks the interaction between the MIF4G domain of eIF4G and eIF4A. To reveal the mechanism of this interaction, we used computational simulation-based docking studies and identified that the carboxyl tail of 15d-PGJ2 could stabilize the binding of 15d-PGJ2 to eIF4A through arginine 295 of eIF4A, which is the first suggestion that the 15d-PGJ2 tail plays a physiological role. Interestingly, the putative 15d-PGJ2 binding site on eiF4A is conserved across many species, suggesting a biological role. Our data propose that studying 15d-PGJ2 and its targets may uncover new therapeutic approaches in anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jeong Yun
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kim
- PBC, Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyun Kim
- PBC, Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Ryu
- PBC, Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - N Jiten Singh
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jouhyun Jeon
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- PBC, Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Key Jang
- PBC, Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jae Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada
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Kim J, Shin M, Kim J, Park C, Lee S, Woo J, Kim H, Seo D, Yu S, Park S. CASS: A distributed network clustering algorithm based on structure similarity for large-scale network. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203670. [PMID: 30303961 PMCID: PMC6179193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the size of networks increases, it is becoming important to analyze large-scale network data. A network clustering algorithm is useful for analysis of network data. Conventional network clustering algorithms in a single machine environment rather than a parallel machine environment are actively being researched. However, these algorithms cannot analyze large-scale network data because of memory size issues. As a solution, we propose a network clustering algorithm for large-scale network data analysis using Apache Spark by changing the paradigm of the conventional clustering algorithm to improve its efficiency in the Apache Spark environment. We also apply optimization approaches such as Bloom filter and shuffle selection to reduce memory usage and execution time. By evaluating our proposed algorithm based on an average normalized cut, we confirmed that the algorithm can analyze diverse large-scale network datasets such as biological, co-authorship, internet topology and social networks. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can develop more accurate clusters than comparative algorithms with less memory usage. Furthermore, we confirm the proposed optimization approaches and the scalability of the proposed algorithm. In addition, we validate that clusters found from the proposed algorithm can represent biologically meaningful functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungrim Kim
- Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mincheol Shin
- Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Kim
- Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chihyun Park
- Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Woo
- Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongmin Seo
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seokjong Yu
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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22
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You Y, Kim HS, Park JW, Keum G, Jang SK, Kim BM. Sulfur(vi) fluoride exchange as a key reaction for synthesizing biaryl sulfate core derivatives as potent hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitors and their structure-activity relationship studies. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31803-31821. [PMID: 35548241 PMCID: PMC9085918 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05471a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely potent, new hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural 5A (NS5A) featuring substituted biaryl sulfate core structures was designed and synthesized. Based on the previously reported novel HCV NS5A inhibitors featuring biaryl sulfate core structures which exhibit two-digit picomolar half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values against HCV genotype 1b and 2a, the new inhibitors equipped with the sulfate core structures containing diversely substituted aryl groups were explored. In this study, highly efficient, chemoselective coupling reactions between an arylsulfonyl fluoride and an aryl silyl ether, known as the sulfur(vi) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction, were utilized. Among the inhibitors prepared based on the SuFEx chemistry, compounds 14, 15 and 29 exhibited two-digit picomolar EC50 values against GT-1b and single digit or sub nanomolar activities against the HCV GT-2a strain. Nonsymmetrical inhibitors containing an imidazole and amide moieties on each side of the sulfate core structures were also synthesized. In addition, a biotinylated probe targeting NS5A protein was prepared for labeling using the same synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsu You
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Jung Woo Park
- Supercomputing Modeling & Simulation Center, Division of Data Analysis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) 245 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 South Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02455 South Korea
| | - Sung Key Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - B Moon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea
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23
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Choi B, Kim T, Ahn ES, Lee SW, Eom K. Mechanical Deformation Mechanisms and Properties of Prion Fibrils Probed by Atomistic Simulations. Nanoscale Res Lett 2017; 12:228. [PMID: 28359138 PMCID: PMC5371578 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Prion fibrils, which are a hallmark for neurodegenerative diseases, have recently been found to exhibit the structural diversity that governs disease pathology. Despite our recent finding concerning the role of the disease-specific structure of prion fibrils in determining their elastic properties, the mechanical deformation mechanisms and fracture properties of prion fibrils depending on their structures have not been fully characterized. In this work, we have studied the tensile deformation mechanisms of prion and non-prion amyloid fibrils by using steered molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulation results show that the elastic modulus of prion fibril, which is formed based on left-handed β-helical structure, is larger than that of non-prion fibril constructed based on right-handed β-helix. However, the mechanical toughness of prion fibril is found to be less than that of non-prion fibril, which indicates that infectious prion fibril is more fragile than non-infectious (non-prion) fibril. Our study sheds light on the role of the helical structure of amyloid fibrils, which is related to prion infectivity, in determining their mechanical deformation mechanisms and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumjoon Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehee Kim
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eue Soo Ahn
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilho Eom
- Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Abstract
Articles from open access and local journals are important resources for research in Korea and the usage trends of these articles are important indicators for the assessment of the current research practice. We analyzed an institutional collection of published papers from 1998 to 2014 authored by researchers from Seoul National University, and their references from papers published between 1998 and 2011. The published papers were collected from Web of Science or Scopus and were analyzed according to the proportion of articles from open access journals. Their cited references from published papers in Web of Science were analyzed according to the proportion of local (South Korean) or open access journals. The proportion of open access papers was relatively stable until 2006 (2.5 ~ 5.2% in Web of Science and 2.7 ~ 4.2% in Scopus), but then increased to 15.9% (Web of Science) or 18.5% (Scopus) in 2014. We analyzed 2,750,485 cited references from 52,295 published papers. We found that the overall proportion of cited articles from local journals was 1.8% and that for open access journals was 3.0%. Citations of open access articles have increased since 2006 to 4.1% in 2011, although the increase in open access article citations was less than for open access publications. The proportion of citations from local journals was even lower. We think that the publishing / citing mismatch is a term to describe this difference, which is an issue at Seoul National University, where the number of published papers at open access or local journals is increasing but the number of citations is not. The cause of this discrepancy is multi-factorial but the governmental / institutional policies, social / cultural issues and authors' citing behaviors will explain the mismatch. However, additional measures are also necessary, such as the development of an institutional citation database and improved search capabilities with respect to local and open access documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Wook Seo
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hosik Chung
- Contents Platform Lab, Naver Corporation, Seongnam-si, Kyunggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Jungmin Yun
- Korea National Industrial Convergence Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan-si, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Park
- Seoul National University Medical Library, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunsun Park
- Seoul National University Medical Library, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Ahn
- Seoul National University Medical Library, Seoul, South Korea
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