1
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Liu Z, Sinopoli A, Francisco JS, Gladich I. Water-Catalyzed Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species from NO 2 on a Weakly Hydrated Calcite Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17898-17907. [PMID: 38912929 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The interfaces of weakly hydrated mineral substrates have been shown to serve as catalytic sites for chemical reactions that may not be accessible in the gas phase or under bulk conditions. Currently known mechanisms for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from nitrogen dioxide (NO2) involve NO2 dimerization. Here, we report the formation of the ROS HONO via a mechanism involving simple adsorption of a single NO2 molecule on a weakly hydrated calcite substrate. First-principles molecular dynamics simulations coupled with enhanced sampling techniques show how an adsorbed water sublayer can enhance NO2 adsorption on calcite compared to adsorption on a bare dry substrate. On the weakly hydrated calcite surface, an interfacial electric field facilitates proton extraction from water, thus allowing HONO formation from a single adsorbed NO2, i.e., without the need for the formation of a NO2 dimer precomplex. HONO formation on calcite is kinetically more favorable than that in the gas phase, with a reaction barrier of 14 kcal/mol on the weakly hydrated calcite surface compared to 27 kcal/mol in the gas phase. Further photocatalysed HONO production by visible light and HONO dissociation are hampered on calcite, unlike the process on silica. NO2 is a significant anthropogenic pollutant, and understanding its chemistry is crucial for explaining the high ROS levels and haze formation in polluted areas or prebiotic ROS generation. These findings emphasize how mineral substrates under water-restricted hydration conditions can trigger chemical pathways that are unexpected in the gas phase or under bulk conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alessandro Sinopoli
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34410, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ivan Gladich
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34410, Doha, Qatar
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2
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Limmer DT, Götz AW, Bertram TH, Nathanson GM. Molecular Insights into Chemical Reactions at Aqueous Aerosol Interfaces. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:111-135. [PMID: 38360527 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-083122-121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols facilitate reactions between ambient gases and dissolved species. Here, we review our efforts to interrogate the uptake of these gases and the mechanisms of their reactions both theoretically and experimentally. We highlight the fascinating behavior of N2O5 in solutions ranging from pure water to complex mixtures, chosen because its aerosol-mediated reactions significantly impact global ozone, hydroxyl, and methane concentrations. As a hydrophobic, weakly soluble, and highly reactive species, N2O5 is a sensitive probe of the chemical and physical properties of aerosol interfaces. We employ contemporary theory to disentangle the fate of N2O5 as it approaches pure and salty water, starting with adsorption and ending with hydrolysis to HNO3, chlorination to ClNO2, or evaporation. Flow reactor and gas-liquid scattering experiments probe even greater complexity as added ions, organic molecules, and surfactants alter the interfacial composition and reaction rates. Together, we reveal a new perspective on multiphase chemistry in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Andreas W Götz
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Timothy H Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ,
| | - Gilbert M Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ,
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3
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Garavagno MDLA, Hernández FJ, Jara-Toro RA, Pino GA. Understanding the active role of water in laboratory chamber studies of reactions of the OH radical with alcohols of atmospheric relevance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12745-12752. [PMID: 38619305 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05667h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the reactions of three cyclic aliphatic alcohols with OH at room temperature, atmospheric pressure and different humidities in a Teflon reaction chamber. It was determined that the lower the solubility of the alcohol in water, the larger the effect of the humidity on the acceleration of the reaction. This experimental evidence allows suggesting that the acceleration is due to the reaction of the co-adsorbed reactants at the air-water interface of a thin water film deposited on the Teflon walls of the reaction chamber, instead of between co-reactants dissolved in the water film or due to gas phase catalysis as previously suggested. Therefore, formation of thin water films on different surfaces could have some implications on the tropospheric chemistry of these alcohols in the tropical regions of the planet with high humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Los A Garavagno
- INFIQC: Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-Química de Córdoba (CONICET - UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro Láser de Ciencias Moleculares, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Federico J Hernández
- INFIQC: Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-Química de Córdoba (CONICET - UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro Láser de Ciencias Moleculares, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Rafael A Jara-Toro
- INFIQC: Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-Química de Córdoba (CONICET - UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro Láser de Ciencias Moleculares, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Pino
- INFIQC: Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-Química de Córdoba (CONICET - UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro Láser de Ciencias Moleculares, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
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4
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Mandal I, Karimova NV, Zakai I, Gerber RB. Formation of Chlorine in the Atmosphere by Reaction of Hypochlorous Acid with Seawater. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:432-438. [PMID: 38189241 PMCID: PMC11139381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The highly reactive dihalogens play a significant role in the oxidative chemistry of the troposphere. One of the main reservoirs of these halogens is hypohalous acids, HOX, which produce dihalogens in the presence of halides (Y-), where X, Y = Cl, Br, I. These reactions occur in and on aerosol particles and seawater surfaces and have been studied experimentally and by field observations. However, the mechanisms of these atmospheric reactions are still unknown. Here, we establish the atomistic mechanism of HOCl + Cl- → Cl2 + OH- at the surface of the water slab by performing ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Main findings are (1) This reaction proceeds by halogen-bonded complexes of (HOCl)···(Cl-)aq surrounded with the neighboring water molecules. (2) The halogen bonded (HOCl)···(Cl-)aq complexes undergo charge transfer from Cl- to OH- to form transient Cl2 at neutral pH. (3) The addition of a proton to one proximal water greatly facilitates the Cl2 formation, which explains the enhanced rate at low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imon Mandal
- The
Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Natalia V. Karimova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Itai Zakai
- The
Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- The
Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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5
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Kwan V, Consta S, Malek SMA. Variation of Surface Propensity of Halides with Droplet Size and Temperature: The Planar Interface Limit. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:193-207. [PMID: 38127582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The radial number density profiles of halide and alkali ions in aqueous clusters with equimolar radius ≲1.4 nm, which correspond to ≲255 H2O molecules, have been extensively studied by computations. However, the surface abundance of Cl-, Br-, and I- relative to the bulk interior in these smaller clusters may not be representative of the larger systems. Indeed, here we show that the larger the cluster is, the lower the relative surface abundance of chaotropic halides is. In droplets with an equimolar radius of ≈2.45 nm, which corresponds to ≈2000 H2O molecules, the polarizable halides show a clear number density maximum in the droplet's bulk-like interior. A similar pattern is observed in simulations of the aqueous planar interface with halide salts at room temperature. At elevated temperature the surface propensity of Cl- decreases gradually, while that of I- is partially preserved. The change in the chaotropic halide location at higher temperatures than the room temperature may considerably affect photochemical reactivity in atmospheric aerosols, vapor-liquid nucleation and growth mechanisms, and salt crystallization via solvent evaporation. We argue that the commonly used approach of nullifying parameters in a force field in order to find the factors that determine the ion location does not provide transferable insight into other force fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Styliani Consta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Shahrazad M A Malek
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X7
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6
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Cheng Y, Ding C, Wang H, Zhang T, Wang R, Muthiah B, Xu H, Zhang Q, Jiang M. Significant influence of water molecules on the SO 3 + HCl reaction in the gas phase and at the air-water interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28885-28894. [PMID: 37853821 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The products resulting from the reactions between atmospheric acids and SO3 have a catalytic effect on the formation of new particles in aerosols. However, the SO3 + HCl reaction in the gas-phase and at the air-water interface has not been considered. Herein, this reaction was explored exhaustively by using high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations. The quantum calculations show that the gas-phase reaction of SO3 + HCl is highly unlikely to occur under atmospheric conditions with a high energy barrier of 22.6 kcal mol-1. H2O and (H2O)2 play obvious catalytic roles in reducing the energy barrier of the SO3 + HCl reaction by over 18.2 kcal mol-1. The atmospheric lifetimes of SO3 show that the (H2O)2-assisted reaction dominates over the H2O-assisted reaction within the altitude range of 0-5 km, whereas the H2O-assisted reaction is more favorable within an altitude range of 10-50 km. BOMD simulations show that H2O-induced formation of the ClSO3-⋯H3O+ ion pair and HCl-assisted formation of the HSO4-⋯H3O+ ion pair were identified at the air-water interface. These routes followed a stepwise reaction mechanism and proceeded at a picosecond time scale. Interestingly, the formed ClSO3H in the gas phase has a tendency to aggregate with sulfuric acids, ammonias, and water molecules to form stable clusters within 40 ns simulation time, while the interfacial ClSO3- and H3O+ can attract H2SO4, NH3, and HNO3 for particle formation from the gas phase to the water surface. Thus, this work will not only help in understanding the SO3 + HCl reaction driven by water molecules in the gas-phase and at the air-water interface, but it will also provide some potential routes of aerosol formation from the reaction between SO3 and inorganic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Ding
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Tianlei Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | | | - Haitong Xu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang H, Cheng Y, Zhang T, Ou T, Wang R. Atmospheric Chemistry of NH 2SO 3H in Polluted Areas: An Unexpected Isomerization of NH 2SO 3H in Acid-Polluted Regions. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8935-8942. [PMID: 37844321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
NH2SO3H is an effective nucleation agent for the formation of atmospheric aerosols and cloud particles. So, the ammonolysis of SO3 to form NH2SO3H without and with neutral (H2O) and basic (NH3) trace gases has been extensively investigated. However, the acidic trace gas X (X = H2SO4 and CH3SO3H)-assisted ammonolysis of SO3 is still up for debate. In this work, a comprehensive theoretical investigation of X-assisted ammonolysis of SO3 and its reverse reaction (the isomerization of NH2SO3H to form SO3-···NH3+) was carried out in the gas phase and at the air-water interface. The gas-phase results show that X-assisted isomerization of NH2SO3H to form SO3-···NH3+ is more energetically and kinetically favorable than its reverse reaction and the isomerization of NH2SO3H in the presence of H2O and NH3. Such unexpected findings revealed that gas-phase NH2SO3H is highly reactive in the presence of acidic trace gas in contrast to the high stability of NH2SO3H in neutral and basic conditions. At the air-water interface, the X-assisted isomerization reaction of NH2SO3H involves multiple water molecules. The loop structure of the reaction center (X···NH2SO3H···3H2O) promotes the transfer of protons in the water molecules to form the SO3-···NH3+ ion pair, which can then interact with several interfacial water molecules to form ammonium bisulfate. These interfacial reaction channels follow a stepwise mechanism and proceed at the picosecond time-scale. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the atmospheric behavior of NH2SO3H in polluted acidic trace gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zehui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Tianlei Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Ting Ou
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
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8
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Zhang W, Zhong J, Li R, Li L, Ma X, Ji Y, Li G, Francisco JS, An T. Distinctive Heterogeneous Reaction Mechanism of ClNO 2 on the Air-Water Surface Containing Cl. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22649-22658. [PMID: 37811579 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous reaction of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) on the air-water surface plays a significant role in the chloride lifecycle. The air-water surface is ubiquitous on ice surfaces under supercooled conditions, affecting the uptake and heterogeneous reaction processes of trace gases. Previous studies suggest that ClNO2 is formed on Cl-doped ice surfaces following the N2O5 uptake. Herein, a distinctive heterogeneous reaction mechanism of ClNO2 is suggested on an air-water surface containing Cl under supercooled conditions using combined classic molecular dynamics (MD) and Born-Oppenheimer MD simulations. It is found that N2O5 dissociates into a NO2+ and NO3- ionic pair on the top air-water surface. In the top layer of the surface containing barely any Cl-, NO2+ proceeds through hydrolysis and produces H3O+ and HNO3. Thus, surface acidification appears because of H3O+ yields. With NO2+ diffusion to the deep layer of the surface, NO2+ reacts with Cl- and forms ClNO2. Note that ClNO2 formation competes with NO2+ hydrolysis, and the rate of ClNO2 formation is 27.7[Cl-] larger than that of NO2+ hydrolysis. Afterward, the reaction of ClNO2 with Cl- becomes barrierless with the catalysis by H3O+, which is not feasible on a neutral surface. Cl2 is thus generated and escapes into the atmosphere (low solubility of Cl2), contributing to the Cl radical. The proposed mechanism bolsters the current understanding of ClNO2's fate and its role in Cl chemistry in extremely cold environments like the Arctic and other high-latitude regions in wintertime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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9
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Zhang T, Wen M, Ding C, Zhang Y, Ma X, Wang Z, Lily M, Liu J, Wang R. Multiple evaluations of atmospheric behavior between Criegee intermediates and HCHO: Gas-phase and air-water interface reaction. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:308-319. [PMID: 36522063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the high abundance of water in the atmosphere, the reaction of Criegee intermediates (CIs) with (H2O)2 is considered to be the predominant removal pathway for CIs. However, recent experimental findings reported that the reactions of CIs with organic acids and carbonyls are faster than expected. At the same time, the interface behavior between CIs and carbonyls has not been reported so far. Here, the gas-phase and air-water interface behavior between Criegee intermediates and HCHO were explored by adopting high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations. Quantum chemical calculations evidence that the gas-phase reactions of CIs + HCHO are submerged energy or low energy barriers processes. The rate ratios speculate that the HCHO could be not only a significant tropospheric scavenger of CIs, but also an inhibitor in the oxidizing ability of CIs on SOx in dry and highly polluted areas with abundant HCHO concentration. The reactions of CH2OO with HCHO at the droplet's surface follow a loop structure mechanism to produce i) SOZ (), ii) BHMP (HOCH2OOCH2OH), and iii) HMHP (HOCH2OOH). Considering the harsh reaction conditions between CIs and HCHO at the interface (i.e., the two molecules must be sufficiently close to each other), the hydration of CIs is still their main atmospheric loss pathway. These results could help us get a better interpretation of the underlying CIs-aldehydes chemical processes in the global polluted urban atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
| | - Mingjie Wen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Yongqi Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhuqing Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Makroni Lily
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Junhai Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Qinba Mountains of Bio-Resource Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
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10
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Christian MS, Nenoff TM, Rimsza JM. Effect of Linker Structure and Functionalization on Secondary Gas Formation in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2881-2888. [PMID: 36947182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Rare-earth terephthalic acid (BDC)-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidate materials for acid gas separation and adsorption from flue gas streams. However, previous simulations have shown that acid gases (H2O, NO2, and SO2) react with the hydroxyl on the BDC linkers to form protonated acid gases as a potential degradation mechanism. Herein, gas-phase computational approaches were used to identify the formation energies of these secondary protonated acid gases across multiple BDC linker molecules. Formation energies for secondary protonated acid gases were evaluated using both density functional theory (DFT) and correlated wave function methods for varying BDC-gas reaction mechanisms. Upon validation of DFT to reproduce wave function calculation results, rotated conformational linkers and chemically functionalized BDC linkers with -OH, -NH2, and -SH were investigated. The calculations show that the rotational conformation affects the molecule stability. Double-functionalized BDC linkers, where two functional groups are substituted onto BDC, showed varied reaction energies depending on whether the functional groups donate or withdraw electrons from the aromatic system. Based on these results, BDC linker design must balance adsorption performance with degradation via linker dehydrogenation for the design of stable MOFs for acid gas separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Christian
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Eubank Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Tina M Nenoff
- Advanced Science & Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Eubank Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jessica M Rimsza
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Eubank Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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11
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Theoretical Study on the Gas-Phase and Aqueous Interface Reaction Mechanism of Criegee Intermediates with 2-Methylglyceric Acid and the Nucleation of Products. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065400. [PMID: 36982477 PMCID: PMC10049390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Criegee intermediates (CIs) are important in the sink of many atmospheric substances, including alcohols, organic acids, amines, etc. In this work, the density functional theory (DFT) method was used to calculate the energy barriers for the reactions of CH3CHOO with 2-methyl glyceric acid (MGA) and to evaluate the interaction of the three functional groups of MGA. The results show that the reactions involving the COOH group of MGA are negligibly affected, and that hydrogen bonding can affect the reactions involving α-OH and β-OH groups. The water molecule has a negative effect on the reactions of the COOH group. It decreases the energy barriers of reactions involving the α-OH and β-OH groups as a catalyst. The Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamic (BOMD) was applied to simulate the reactions of CH3CHOO with MGA at the gas-liquid interface. Water molecule plays the role of proton transfer in the reaction. Gas-phase calculations and gas-liquid interface simulations demonstrate that the reaction of CH3CHOO with the COOH group is the main pathway in the atmosphere. The molecular dynamic (MD) simulations suggest that the reaction products can form clusters in the atmosphere to participate in the formation of particles.
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12
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McCaslin LM, Götz AW, Johnson MA, Gerber RB. Effects of Microhydration on the Mechanisms of Hydrolysis and Cl - Substitution in Reactions of N 2 O 5 and Seawater. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200819. [PMID: 36385485 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of N2 O5 at atmospheric interfaces has recently received considerable attention due to its importance in atmospheric chemistry. N2 O5 reacts preferentially with Cl- to form ClNO2 /NO3 - (Cl- substitution), but can also react with H2 O to form 2HNO3 (hydrolysis). In this paper, we explore these competing reactions in a theoretical study of the clusters N2 O5 /Cl- /nH2 O (n=2-5), resulting in the identification of three reaction motifs. First, we uncovered an SN 2-type Cl- substitution reaction of N2 O5 that occurs very quickly due to low barriers to reaction. Second, we found a low-lying pathway to hydrolysis via a ClNO2 intermediate (two-step hydrolysis). Finally, we found a direct hydrolysis pathway where H2 O attacks N2 O5 (one-step hydrolysis). We find that Cl- substitution is the fastest reaction in every cluster. Between one-step and two-step hydrolysis, we find that one-step hydrolysis barriers are lower, making two-step hydrolysis (via ClNO2 intermediate) likely only when concentrations of Cl- are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M McCaslin
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Andreas W Götz
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - R Benny Gerber
- Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92597, USA
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13
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Zhang X, Tan S, Chen X, Yin S. Computational chemistry of cluster: Understanding the mechanism of atmospheric new particle formation at the molecular level. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136109. [PMID: 36007737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF), which exerts significant influence over human health and global climate, has been a hot topic and rapidly expands field of research in the environmental and atmospheric chemistry recent years. Generally, NPF contains two processes: formation of critical nucleus and further growth of the nucleus. However, due to the complexity of the atmospheric nucleation, which is a multicomponent process, formation of critical clusters as well as their growth is still connected to large uncertainties. Detection limits of instruments in measuring specific gaseous aerosol precursors and chemical compositions at the molecular level call for computational studies. Computational chemistry could effectively compensate the deficiency of laboratory experiments as well as observations and predict the nucleation mechanisms. We review the present theoretical literatures that discuss nucleation mechanism of atmospheric clusters. Focus of this review is on different nucleation systems involving sulfur-containing species, nitrogen-containing species and iodine-containing species. We hope this review will provide a deep insight for the molecular interaction of nucleation precursors and reveal nucleation mechanism at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shendong Tan
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Shi Yin
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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14
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Christian MS, Nenoff TM, Rimsza JM. Discovery of Complex Binding and Reaction Mechanisms from Ternary Gases in Rare Earth Metal–Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201926. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina M. Nenoff
- Material, Chemical, and Physical Sciences Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87123 USA
| | - Jessica M. Rimsza
- Geochemistry Department Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87123 USA
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15
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Odendahl NL, Geissler PL. Local Ice-like Structure at the Liquid Water Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11178-11188. [PMID: 35696525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Experiments and computer simulations have established that liquid water's surfaces can deviate in important ways from familiar bulk behavior. Even in the simplest case of an air-water interface, distinctive layering, orientational biases, and hydrogen bond arrangements have been reported, but an overarching picture of their origins and relationships has been incomplete. Here we show that a broad set of such observations can be understood through an analogy with the basal face of crystalline ice. Using simulations, we demonstrate a number of structural similarities between water and ice surfaces, suggesting the presence of domains at the air-water interface with ice-like features that persist over 2-3 molecular diameters. Most prominent is a shared characteristic layering of molecular density and orientation perpendicular to the interface. Lateral correlations of hydrogen bond network geometry point to structural similarities in the parallel direction as well. Our results bolster and significantly extend previous conceptions of ice-like structure at the liquid's boundary and suggest that the much-discussed quasi-liquid layer on ice evolves subtly above the melting point into a quasi-ice layer at the surface of liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Odendahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Phillip L Geissler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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16
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Water structure in glycerol: Spectroscopic and computer simulation investigation of hydrogen bonding and water clustering. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Maurais J, Wespiser C, Kang H, Ayotte P. Preparation and Characterization of Metastable trans-Dinitrogen Tetroxide. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2353-2360. [PMID: 35414177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Under atmospheric conditions, NO2 is in equilibrium with its dimers, N2O4, which can exist in the form of constitutional isomers and stereoisomers whose relative stabilities and reactivities are still being debated. Experimental limitations facing the spectroscopic characterization of the isomers of N2O4 prevent us from determining their relative contributions to reaction mechanisms possibly causing discrepancies in the reported reaction orders and rates. Using reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, molecular beam deposition, and matrix isolation techniques, it is shown that the relative abundances of NO2 and its dimers can be controlled by heating or cooling the deposited gas. The comparison of spectra acquired from samples prepared using molecular beam deposition with those obtained using tube dosing deposition demonstrates how the N2O4 isomer distributions are sensitive to details of the experimental conditions and sample preparation protocols. These observations not only provide a better understanding of a possible source for the disagreements found in the literature, but also a methodology to control and quantify the chemical speciation in NO2 vapors in terms of the relative abundances of NO2 and of the various isomers of N2O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Maurais
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Clément Wespiser
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Heon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Patrick Ayotte
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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18
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Water Distribution on Protein Surface of the Lyophilized Proteins with Different Topography Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2299-2311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Roet S, Daub CD, Riccardi E. Chemistrees: Data-Driven Identification of Reaction Pathways via Machine Learning. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6193-6202. [PMID: 34555907 PMCID: PMC8515787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We propose to analyze
molecular dynamics (MD) output via a supervised machine
learning (ML) algorithm, the decision tree.
The approach aims to identify the predominant geometric features which
correlate with trajectories that transition between two arbitrarily
defined states. The data-driven algorithm aims to identify these features
without the bias of human “chemical intuition”. We demonstrate
the method by analyzing the proton exchange reactions in formic acid
solvated in small water clusters. The simulations were performed with ab initio MD combined with a method to efficiently sample
the rare event, path sampling. Our ML analysis identified relevant
geometric variables involved in the proton transfer reaction and how
they may change as the number of solvating water molecules changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Roet
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christopher D Daub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Enrico Riccardi
- Department of Informatics, UiO, Gaustadalléen 23B, 0373 Oslo, Norway
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20
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Li H, Wang X, Zhong J, Chu B, Ma Q, Zeng XC, Francisco JS, He H. Mechanistic Study of the Aqueous Reaction of Organic Peroxides with HSO
3
−
on the Surface of a Water Droplet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum Qingdao Shandong 266580 China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104-6316 USA
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104-6316 USA
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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21
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Li H, Wang X, Zhong J, Chu B, Ma Q, Zeng XC, Francisco JS, He H. Mechanistic Study of the Aqueous Reaction of Organic Peroxides with HSO 3 - on the Surface of a Water Droplet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20200-20203. [PMID: 34309159 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous reactions between organic peroxides and SO2 are of intense interest in atmospheric science because of their ubiquitous implications for sulfate formation in secondary aerosols. However, the relative yields of the reaction products (inorganic vs. organic sulfates) remain controversial (i.e., 90 % vs. 40-70 % for inorganic sulfate) due in part to the lack of understanding of the underlying reaction mechanisms. Here, our computational results suggest that the reactions of HSO3 - (dissolved SO2 ) with organic peroxides are initiated on the surface of water nanodroplets and then proceed under two reaction pathways, in which the S atom of HSO3 - attacks either the O1 or O2 atom of the peroxide group -O(O2)O(O1)H, leading to the formation of inorganic and organic sulfates, respectively. Notably, we find that thse reaction initiated by O1 atom exhibits a relatively low energy barrier and high reaction rate, which favours the formation of inorganic sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong, 266580, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Paul SK, Herbert JM. Probing Interfacial Effects on Ionization Energies: The Surprising Banality of Anion-Water Hydrogen Bonding at the Air/Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10189-10202. [PMID: 34184532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liquid microjet photoelectron spectroscopy is an increasingly common technique to measure vertical ionization energies (VIEs) of aqueous solutes, but the interpretation of these experiments is subject to questions regarding sensitivity to bulk versus interfacial solvation environments. We have computed aqueous-phase VIEs for a set of inorganic anions, using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and electronic structure calculations, with results that are in excellent agreement with experiment regardless of whether the simulation data are restricted to ions at the air/water interface or to those in bulk aqueous solution. Although the computed VIEs are sensitive to ion-water hydrogen bonding, we find that the short-range solvation structure is sufficiently similar in both environments that it proves impossible to discriminate between the two on the basis of the VIE, a conclusion that has important implications for the interpretation of liquid-phase photoelectron spectroscopy. More generally, analysis of the simulation data suggests that the surface activity of soft anions is largely a second or third solvation shell effect, arising from disruption of water-water hydrogen bonds and not from significant changes in first-shell anion-water hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjan K Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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23
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Zhang JH, Ricard TC, Haycraft C, Iyengar SS. Weighted-Graph-Theoretic Methods for Many-Body Corrections within ONIOM: Smooth AIMD and the Role of High-Order Many-Body Terms. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:2672-2690. [PMID: 33891416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We present a weighted-graph-theoretic approach to adaptively compute contributions from many-body approximations for smooth and accurate post-Hartree-Fock (pHF) ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) of highly fluxional chemical systems. This approach is ONIOM-like, where the full system is treated at a computationally feasible quality of treatment (density functional theory (DFT) for the size of systems considered in this publication), which is then improved through a perturbative correction that captures local many-body interactions up to a certain order within a higher level of theory (post-Hartree-Fock in this publication) described through graph-theoretic techniques. Due to the fluxional and dynamical nature of the systems studied here, these graphical representations evolve during dynamics. As a result, energetic "hops" appear as the graphical representation deforms with the evolution of the chemical and physical properties of the system. In this paper, we introduce dynamically weighted, linear combinations of graphs, where the transition between graphical representations is smoothly achieved by considering a range of neighboring graphical representations at a given instant during dynamics. We compare these trajectories with those obtained from a set of trajectories where the range of local many-body interactions considered is increased, sometimes to the maximum available limit, which yields conservative trajectories as the order of interactions is increased. The weighted-graph approach presents improved dynamics trajectories while only using lower-order many-body interaction terms. The methods are compared by computing dynamical properties through time-correlation functions and structural distribution functions. In all cases, the weighted-graph approach provides accurate results at a lower cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Harry Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Timothy C Ricard
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Cody Haycraft
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Srinivasan S Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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24
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Wang G, Ma S, Niu X, Chen X, Liu F, Li X, Li L, Shi G, Wu Z. Barrierless HONO and HOS(O)2-NO 2 Formation via NH 3-Promoted Oxidation of SO 2 by NO 2. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2666-2672. [PMID: 33754720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the troposphere, the knowledge about nitrous acid (HONO) sources is incomplete. The missing source of sulfate and fine particles cannot be explained during haze events. Air quality models cannot predict high levels of secondary fine-particle pollution. Despite extensive studies, one challenging issue in atmospheric chemistry is identifying the source of HONO. Here, we present direct ab initio molecular dynamics simulation evidence and typical air pollution events of the formation of gaseous HONO, nitrogen dioxide/hydrogen sulfite (HOS(O)2-NO2 or NO2-HSO3) from nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), water (H2O), and ammonia (NH3) molecules in a proportion of 2:1:3:3. The reactions show a new mechanism for the formation of HONO and NO2-HSO3 in the troposphere, especially when the concentration of NO2, SO2, H2O, and NH3 is high (e.g., 2:1:3:3 or higher) in the air. Contrary to the proportion NO2, SO2, H2O, and NH3 equaling to 1:1:3:1 and 1:1:3:2, the proportion (2:1:3:3) enables barrierless reactions and weak interactions between molecules via the formation of HONO, NO2-HSO3, and NH3/H2O. In addition, field observations are carried out, and the measured data are summarized. Correlation analysis supported the conversion of NO2 to HONO during observational studies. The weak interactions promote proton transfer, resulting in the generation of HONO, NO2-HSO3, and NH3/H2O pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shangrong Ma
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiuli Niu
- Gansu Food Inspection and Research Institute, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xuefu Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Fengshuo Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Gaofeng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (Peking University), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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25
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Tang B, Li Z. Molecular Mechanisms and Atmospheric Implications of Criegee Intermediate-Alcohol Chemistry in the Gas Phase and Aqueous Surface Environments. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8585-8593. [PMID: 32946233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Criegee intermediates and alcohols are important species in the atmosphere. In this study, we use quantum chemistry and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations to investigate the reaction between methanol/ethanol and Criegee intermediates (anti- or syn-CH3CHOO) in the gas phase and at the air-water interface. Reactions at the interface are found to be much faster than those in the gas phase. When water molecules are available, loop structures can be formed to facilitate the reaction. In addition, nonloop reaction pathways characterized by the formation of hydrated protons, although with a low possibility, are also identified at the air-water interface. Implications of our results on the fate of Criegee intermediates in the atmosphere are discussed, which deepen our understanding of Criegee intermediate-alcohol chemistry in humid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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26
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Ma X, Zhao X, Ding Z, Wang W, Wei Y, Xu F, Zhang Q, Wang W. Determination of the amine-catalyzed SO 3 hydrolysis mechanism in the gas phase and at the air-water interface. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126292. [PMID: 32203779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) involving amines in the atmosphere is considered an aggregation process, during which stable molecular clusters are formed from amines and sulfuric acid via hydrogen bond interaction. In this work, ab initio dynamics simulations of ammonium bisulfate formation from a series of amines, SO3, and H2O molecules were carried out in the gas phase and at the air-water interface. The results show that reactions between amines and hydrated SO3 molecules in the gas phase are barrierless or nearly barrierless processes. The reaction rate is related to the basicity of gas-phase amines-the stronger the basicity, the faster the reaction. Furthermore, SO3 hydrolysis catalyzed by amines occurs simultaneously with H2SO4-amine cluster formation. At the air-water interface, reactions between amines and SO3 involve multiple water molecules. The reaction center's ring structure (amine-SO3-nH2O) promotes the transfer of protons in the water molecules. The formed ammonium cation (-RNH3+) and the bisulfate anion (HSO4-) are present and stable by means of hydrogen bond interaction. The cluster formation mechanism provides new insights into NPF involving amines, which may play an important role in the formation of aerosols in some heavily polluted areas - e.g., those with a high amine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Xianwei Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Zhezheng Ding
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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27
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Hullar T, Bononi FC, Chen Z, Magadia D, Palmer O, Tran T, Rocca D, Andreussi O, Donadio D, Anastasio C. Photodecay of guaiacol is faster in ice, and even more rapid on ice, than in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1666-1677. [PMID: 32671365 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Snowpacks contain a wide variety of inorganic and organic compounds, including some that absorb sunlight and undergo direct photoreactions. How the rates of these reactions in, and on, ice compare to rates in water is unclear: some studies report similar rates, while others find faster rates in/on ice. Further complicating our understanding, there is conflicting evidence whether chemicals react more quickly at the air-ice interface compared to in liquid-like regions (LLRs) within the ice. To address these questions, we measured the photodegradation rate of guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) in various sample types, including in solution, in ice, and at the air-ice interface of nature-identical snow. Compared to aqueous solution, we find modest rate constant enhancements (increases of 3- to 6-fold) in ice LLRs, and much larger enhancements (of 17- to 77-fold) at the air-ice interface of nature-identical snow. Our computational modeling suggests the absorption spectrum for guaiacol red-shifts and increases on ice surfaces, leading to more light absorption, but these changes explain only a small portion (roughly 2 to 9%) of the observed rate constant enhancements in/on ice. This indicates that increases in the quantum yield are primarily responsible for the increased photoreactivity of guaiacol on ice; relative to solution, our results suggest that the quantum yield is larger by a factor of roughly 3-6 in liquid-like regions and 12-40 at the air-ice interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Hullar
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Ruiz-Lopez MF, Francisco JS, Martins-Costa MTC, Anglada JM. Molecular reactions at aqueous interfaces. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:459-475. [PMID: 37127962 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Review aims to critically analyse the emerging field of chemical reactivity at aqueous interfaces. The subject has evolved rapidly since the discovery of the so-called 'on-water catalysis', alluding to the dramatic acceleration of reactions at the surface of water or at its interface with hydrophobic media. We review critical experimental studies in the fields of atmospheric and synthetic organic chemistry, as well as related research exploring the origins of life, to showcase the importance of this phenomenon. The physico-chemical aspects of these processes, such as the structure, dynamics and thermodynamics of adsorption and solvation processes at aqueous interfaces, are also discussed. We also present the basic theories intended to explain interface catalysis, followed by the results of advanced ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations. Although some topics addressed here have already been the focus of previous reviews, we aim at highlighting their interconnection across diverse disciplines, providing a common perspective that would help us to identify the most fundamental issues still incompletely understood in this fast-moving field.
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29
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Prlj A, Ibele LM, Marsili E, Curchod BFE. On the Theoretical Determination of Photolysis Properties for Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5418-5425. [PMID: 32543205 PMCID: PMC7372557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous atmospheric molecules that generate a complex network of chemical reactions in the troposphere, often triggered by the absorption of sunlight. Understanding the VOC composition of the atmosphere relies on our ability to characterize all of their possible reaction pathways. When considering reactions of (transient) VOCs with sunlight, the availability of photolysis rate constants, utilized in general atmospheric models, is often out of experimental reach due to the unstable nature of these molecules. Here, we show how recent advances in computational photochemistry allow us to calculate in silico the different ingredients of a photolysis rate constant, namely, the photoabsorption cross-section and wavelength-dependent quantum yields. The rich photochemistry of tert-butyl hydroperoxide, for which experimental data are available, is employed to test our protocol and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of different levels of electronic structure and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics to study the photochemistry of (transient) VOCs.
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30
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Ricard TC, Iyengar SS. Efficient and Accurate Approach To Estimate Hybrid Functional and Large Basis-Set Contributions to Condensed-Phase Systems and Molecule–Surface Interactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4790-4812. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Ricard
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Srinivasan S. Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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31
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Ma X, Zhao X, Huang Z, Wang J, Lv G, Xu F, Zhang Q, Wang W. Determination of reactions between Criegee intermediates and methanesulfonic acid at the air-water interface. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135804. [PMID: 31862431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Criegee chemistry has become an important research focus due to its relevance in regulating concentrations of tropospheric OH radicals, hydroperoxides, sulfates, nitrates, and aerosols. However, to date, its interface behavior remains poorly understood. Thus, in this study, we used the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulation method to explore the reaction mechanisms between Criegee intermediates (CIs) and methylsulfonic acid (MSA) at the air-water interface, then compared the observed behaviors with those in the gas phase. The addition of Criegee intermediates to MSA is nearly a barrierless reaction and follows a loop-structure mechanism in the gas phase. The high rate constants indicate that the Criegee intermediates and MSA reactions are the main acid removal channels. At the water's surface, the interaction of Criegee intermediates with MSA includes three main channels: 1) direct addition reaction, 2) H2O-mediated hydroperoxide formation, and 3) MSA-mediated Criegee hydration. These reaction channels follow a loop-structure or a stepwise mechanism and proceed at the picosecond time-scale. The results of this work broaden our understanding of Criegee atmospheric behaviors in polluted urban and marine areas, which in turn will aid in developing more effective pollution control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xianwei Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zixiao Huang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Guochun Lv
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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32
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Mallick S, Kumar P. OH• + HCl Reaction at the Surface of a Water Droplet: An Ab Initio Molecular Dynamical Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2465-2472. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
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33
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Maurais J, Ayotte P. Tailoring electric field standing waves in reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy to enhance absorbance from adsorbates on ice surfaces. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:074202. [PMID: 32087646 DOI: 10.1063/1.5141934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectroscopic detection of molecules adsorbed onto ice surfaces at coverages similar to those encountered under typical environmental conditions requires high surface selectivity and sensitivity that few techniques can afford. An experimental methodology allowing a significant enhancement in the absorbance from adsorbed molecules is demonstrated herein. It exploits Electric Field Standing Wave (EFSW) effects intrinsic to grazing incidence Reflection-Absorption Infrared (RAIR) spectroscopy, where film thickness dependent optical interferences occur between the multiple reflections of the IR beam at the film-vacuum and the substrate-film interfaces. In this case study, CH4 is used as a probe molecule and is deposited on a 20 ML coverage dense amorphous solid water film adsorbed onto solid Ar underlayers of various thicknesses. We observe that, at thicknesses where destructive interferences coincide with the absorption features from the CH stretching and HCH bending vibrational modes of methane, their intensity increases by a factor ranging from 10 to 25. Simulations of the RAIR spectra of the composite stratified films using a classical optics model reproduce the Ar underlayer coverage dependent enhancements of the absorbance features from CH4 adsorbed onto the ice surface. They also reveal that the enhancements occur when the square modulus of the total electric field at the film's surface reaches its minimum value. Exploiting the EFSW effect allows the limit of detection to be reduced to a coverage of (0.2 ± 0.2) ML CH4, which opens up interesting perspectives for spectroscopic studies of heterogeneous atmospheric chemistry at coverages that are more representative of those found in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Maurais
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Patrick Ayotte
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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34
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Rossich Molina E, Gerber RB. Microscopic Mechanisms of N 2O 5 Hydrolysis on the Surface of Water Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:224-228. [PMID: 31829595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of N2O5, in particular heterogeneous hydrolysis, play a vital role in determining the chemistry of the atmosphere. The N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis reaction has been the subject of extensive research for decades, yet the physicochemical details of the mechanism have not been established. In this study, we show that this reaction can occur on the surface of a pure water droplet. We compute a relevant transition state for a nano-size model system and follow its evolution in time by means of ab initio molecular dynamics. This transition state, where N2O5 has a strong ion-pair character, leads directly to HNO3. Both electrophilic and nucleophilic mechanisms take place. It is suggested that corresponding simulations for hydrolysis in the bulk are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Rossich Molina
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 9190401 , Israel
| | - R Benny Gerber
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 9190401 , Israel.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
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35
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Sakti AW, Nishimura Y, Nakai H. Recent advances in quantum‐mechanical molecular dynamics simulations of proton transfer mechanism in various water‐based environments. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya W. Sakti
- Element Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE) Waseda University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Element Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE) Waseda University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan
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36
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Samala N, Agmon N. Thermally Induced Hydrogen-Bond Rearrangements in Small Water Clusters and the Persistent Water Tetramer. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22581-22590. [PMID: 31909342 PMCID: PMC6941388 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small water clusters absorb heat and catalyze pivotal atmospheric reactions. Yet, experiments produced conflicting results on water cluster distribution under atmospheric conditions. Additionally, it is unclear which "phase transitions" such clusters exhibit, at what temperatures, and what are their underlying molecular mechanisms. We find that logarithmically small tails in the radial probability densities of (H2O) n clusters (n = 2 - 6) provide direct testimony for such transitions. Using the best available water potential (MB-pol), an advanced thermostating algorithm (g-BAOAB), and sufficiently long trajectories, we map the "bifurcation", "melting", and (hitherto unexplored) "vaporization" transitions, finding that both melting and vaporization proceed via a "monomer on a ring" conformer, exhibiting huge distance fluctuations at the vaporization temperatures (T v). T v may play a role in determining the atmospheric cluster size distribution such that the dimer and tetramer, with their exceptionally low/high T v values, are under/over-represented in these distributions, as indeed observed in nondestructive mass spectrometric measurements.
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37
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Martins‐Costa MTC, Anglada JM, Francisco JS, Ruiz‐López MF. Theoretical Investigation of the Photoexcited NO
2
+H
2
O reaction at the Air–Water Interface and Its Atmospheric Implications. Chemistry 2019; 25:13899-13904. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilia T. C. Martins‐Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Josep M. Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica (IQAC), CSIC c/ Jordi Girona 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104-6316 USA
| | - Manuel F. Ruiz‐López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
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38
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39
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Shiraiwa M, Carslaw N, Tobias DJ, Waring MS, Rim D, Morrison G, Lakey PSJ, Kruza M, von Domaros M, Cummings BE, Won Y. Modelling consortium for chemistry of indoor environments (MOCCIE): integrating chemical processes from molecular to room scales. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1240-1254. [PMID: 31070639 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a modelling consortium for chemistry in indoor environments that connects models over a range of spatial and temporal scales, from molecular to room scales and from sub-nanosecond to days, respectively. Our modeling approaches include molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, kinetic process modeling, gas-phase chemistry modeling, organic aerosol modeling, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. These models are applied to investigate ozone reactions with skin and clothing, oxidation of volatile organic compounds and formation of secondary organic aerosols, and mass transport and partitioning of indoor species to surfaces. MD simulations provide molecular pictures of limonene adsorption on SiO2 and ozone interactions with the skin lipid squalene, providing kinetic parameters such as surface accommodation coefficient, desorption lifetime, and bulk diffusivity. These parameters then constrain kinetic process models, which resolve mass transport and chemical reactions in gas and condensed phases for analysis of experimental data. A detailed indoor chemical box model is applied to simulate α-pinene ozonolysis with improved representation of gas-particle partitioning. Application of 2D-volatility basis set reveals that OH-induced aging sometimes drives increases in indoor organic aerosol concentrations, due to organic mass functionalization and enhanced partitioning. CFD simulations show that concentrations of ozone and primary product change near the human surface rapidly, indicating non-uniform spatial distributions from the occupant surface to ambient air, while secondary ozone product is relatively well-mixed throughout the room. This development establishes a framework to integrate different modeling tools and experimental measurements, opening up an avenue for development of comprehensive and integrated models with representations of various chemistry in indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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40
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Zakai I, Grinstein D, Welner S, Gerber RB. Structures, Stability, and Decomposition Dynamics of the Polynitrogen Molecule N5+B(N3)4– and Its Dimer [N5+]2[B(N3)4–]2. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7384-7393. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itai Zakai
- Institute of Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Dan Grinstein
- Institute of Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Shmuel Welner
- Institute of Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Institute of Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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41
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42
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McCaslin LM, Johnson MA, Gerber RB. Mechanisms and competition of halide substitution and hydrolysis in reactions of N 2O 5 with seawater. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav6503. [PMID: 31183400 PMCID: PMC6551187 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
SN2-type halide substitution and hydrolysis are two of the most ubiquitous reactions in chemistry. The interplay between these processes is fundamental in atmospheric chemistry through reactions of N2O5 and seawater. N2O5 plays a major role in regulating levels of O3, OH, NO x , and CH4. While the reactions of N2O5 and seawater are of central importance, little is known about their mechanisms. Of interest is the activation of Cl in seawater by the formation of gaseous ClNO2, which occurs despite the fact that hydrolysis (to HNO3) is energetically more favorable. We determine key features of the reaction landscape that account for this behavior in a theoretical study of the cluster N2O5/Cl-/H2O. This was carried out using ab initio molecular dynamics to determine reaction pathways, structures, and time scales. While hydrolysis of N2O5 occurs in the absence of Cl-, results here reveal that a low-lying pathway featuring halide substitution intermediates enhances hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. McCaslin
- Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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43
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Karimova N, McCaslin LM, Gerber RB. Ion reactions in atmospherically-relevant clusters: mechanisms, dynamics and spectroscopic signatures. Faraday Discuss 2019; 217:342-360. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exploring models of reactions of N2O4 with ions in water in order to provide molecular-level understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura M. McCaslin
- Institute of Chemistry
- Fritz Haber Research Center
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 91904
- Israel
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
- Institute of Chemistry
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44
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Kumar M, Francisco JS. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Criegee-amine chemistry in the gas phase and aqueous surface environments. Chem Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03514h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational results suggest that the reactions ofantisubstituted Criegee intermediates with amine could lead to oligomers, which may play an important role in new particle formation and hydroxyl radical generation in the troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
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45
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Kumar M, Saiz-Lopez A, Francisco JS. Single-Molecule Catalysis Revealed: Elucidating the Mechanistic Framework for the Formation and Growth of Atmospheric Iodine Oxide Aerosols in Gas-Phase and Aqueous Surface Environments. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14704-14716. [PMID: 30338993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Iodine oxide aerosols are ubiquitous in many coastal atmospheric environments. However, the exact mechanism responsible for their homogeneous nucleation and subsequent cluster growth remains to be fully established. Using quantum chemical calculations, we propose a new mechanistic framework for the formation and subsequent growth of iodine oxide aerosols, which takes advantage of noncovalent interactions between iodine oxides (I2O5 and I2O4) and iodine acids (HIO3 and HIO2). Larger iodine oxide clusters are suggested to be formed in a facile manner and with enhanced exothermicity. The newly proposed mechanisms follow both concerted and stepwise pathways. In all these new chemistries, an O:I ratio of 2-2.5 is predicted, which satisfies an experimentally derived criterion recently proposed for identifying iodine oxides involved in atmospheric aerosol formation. Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations at the air-water interface suggest that I2O5 and I4O10, which are two of the most common nucleating iodine oxides, react with interfacial water on the picosecond time scale and result in novel nucleating species such as H2I2O6 and HI4O11- or I3O8. An important implication of these simulation results is that aqueous surfaces, which are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, may activate iodine oxides to result in a new class of nucleating compounds, which can form mixed aerosol particles with potent precursors, such as HIO3 or H2SO4, in marine air masses via typical acid-based interactions. Overall, these results give a better understanding of iodine-rich aerosols in diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate , Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano , CSIC, Madrid , Spain , 28006
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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46
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Kalai C, Alikhani ME, Zins EL. The molecular electrostatic potential analysis of solutes and water clusters: a straightforward tool to predict the geometry of the most stable micro-hydrated complexes of β-propiolactone and formamide. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Formation of HONO from the NH 3-promoted hydrolysis of NO 2 dimers in the atmosphere. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7236-7241. [PMID: 29941594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807719115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One challenging issue in atmospheric chemistry is identifying the source of nitrous acid (HONO), which is believed to be a primary source of atmospheric "detergent" OH radicals. Herein, we show a reaction route for the formation of HONO species from the NH3-promoted hydrolysis of a NO2 dimer (ONONO2), which entails a low free-energy barrier of 0.5 kcal/mol at room temperature. Our systematic study of HONO formation based on NH3 + ONONO2 + nH2O and water droplet systems with the metadynamics simulation method and a reaction pathway searching method reveals two distinct mechanisms: (i) In monohydrates (n = 1), tetrahydrates (n = 4), and water droplets, only one water molecule is directly involved in the reaction (denoted the single-water mechanism); and (ii) the splitting of two neighboring water molecules is seen in the dihydrates (n = 2) and trihydrates (n = 3) (denoted the dual-water mechanism). A comparison of the computed free-energy surface for NH3-free and NH3-containing systems indicates that gaseous NH3 can markedly lower the free-energy barrier to HONO formation while stabilizing the product state, producing a more exergonic reaction, in contrast to the endergonic reaction for the NH3-free system. More importantly, the water droplet reduces the free-energy barrier for HONO formation to 0.5 kcal/mol, which is negligible at room temperature. We show that the entropic contribution is important in the mechanism by which NH3 promotes HONO formation. This study provides insight into the importance of fundamental HONO chemistry and its broader implication to aerosol and cloud processing chemistry at the air-water interface.
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Chatterjee P, Ghosh AK, Samanta M, Chakraborty T. Barrierless Proton Transfer in the Weak C-H···O Hydrogen Bonded Methacrolein Dimer upon Nonresonant Multiphoton Ionization in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5563-5573. [PMID: 29878781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular proton transfer (IMPT) in a C-H···O hydrogen bonded dimer of an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, methacrolein (MC), upon nonresonant multiphoton ionization by 532 nm laser pulses (10 ns), has been investigated using time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry under supersonic cooling condition. The mass peaks corresponding to both the protonated molecular ion [(MC)H+] and intact dimer cation [(MC)2]•+ show up in the mass spectra, and the peak intensity of the former increases proportionately with the latter with betterment of the jet cooling conditions. The observations indicate that [(MC)2]•+ is the likely precursor of (MC)H+ and, on the basis of electronic structure calculations, IMPT in the dimer cation has been shown to be the key reaction for formation of the latter. Laser power dependences of ion yields indicate that at this wavelength the dimer is photoionized by means of 4-photon absorption process, and the total 4-photon energy is nearly the same as the predicted vertical ionization energy of the dimer. Electronic structure calculations reveal that the optimized structures of [(MC)2]•+ correspond to a proton transferred configuration wherein the aldehydic hydrogen is completely shifted to the carbonyl oxygen of the neighboring moiety. Potential energy scans along the C-H···O coordinate also show that the IMPT in [(MC)2]•+ is a barrierless process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Chatterjee
- Department of Physical Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A Raja S C Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Arup K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , Dharmsinh Desai University , Nadiad 387001 , Gujarat , India
| | - Monoj Samanta
- Department of Physical Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A Raja S C Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Tapas Chakraborty
- Department of Physical Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A Raja S C Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
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Zhong J, Kumar M, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Insight into Chemistry on Cloud/Aerosol Water Surfaces. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1229-1237. [PMID: 29633837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cloud/aerosol water surfaces exert significant influence over atmospheric chemical processes. Atmospheric processes at the water surface are observed to follow mechanisms that are quite different from those in the gas phase. This Account summarizes our recent findings of new reaction pathways on the water surface. We have studied these surface reactions using Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations. These studies provide useful information on the reaction time scale, the underlying mechanism of surface reactions, and the dynamic behavior of the product formed on the aqueous surface. According to these studies, the aerosol water surfaces confine the atmospheric species into a specific orientation depending on the hydrophilicity of atmospheric species or the hydrogen-bonding interactions between atmospheric species and interfacial water. As a result, atmospheric species are activated toward a particular reaction on the aerosol water surface. For example, the simplest Criegee intermediate (CH2OO) exhibits high reactivity toward the interfacial water and hydrogen sulfide, with the reaction times being a few picoseconds, 2-3 orders of magnitude faster than that in the gas phase. The presence of interfacial water molecules induces proton-transfer-based stepwise pathways for these reactions, which are not possible in the gas phase. The strong hydrophobicity of methyl substituents in larger Criegee intermediates (>C1), such as CH3CHOO and (CH3)2COO, blocks the formation of the necessary prereaction complexes for the Criegee-water reaction to occur at the water droplet surface, which lowers their proton-transfer ability and hampers the reaction. The aerosol water surface provides a solvent medium for acids (e.g., HNO3 and HCOOH) to participate in reactions via mechanisms that are different from those in the gas and bulk aqueous phases. For example, the anti-CH3CHOO-HNO3 reaction in the gas phase follows a direct reaction between anti-CH3CHOO and HNO3, whereas on a water surface, the HNO3-mediated stepwise hydration of anti-CH3CHOO is dominantly observed. The high surface/volume ratio of interfacial water molecules at the aerosol water surface can significantly lower the energy barriers for the proton transfer reactions in the atmosphere. Such catalysis by the aerosol water surface is shown to cause the barrier-less formation of ammonium bisulfate from hydrated NH3 and SO3 molecules rather than from the reaction of H2SO4 with NH3. Finally, an aerosol water droplet is a polar solvent, which would favorably interact with high polarity substrates. This can accelerate interconversion of different conformers (e.g., anti and syn) of atmospheric species, such as glyoxal, depending on their polarity. The results discussed here enable an improved understanding of atmospheric processes on the aerosol water surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska—Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska—Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska—Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska—Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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Kumar M, Li H, Zhang X, Zeng XC, Francisco JS. Nitric Acid–Amine Chemistry in the Gas Phase and at the Air–Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6456-6466. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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