1
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Mandal GH, Kelley SP, Sathyamoorthi S. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (+)-Kasugamycin and (+)-Kasuganobiosamine Highlighting a Sulfamate-Tethered Aza-Wacker Cyclization Strategy. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38904476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present the first enantioselective total syntheses of the natural products (+)-kasugamycin, a potent antifungal antibiotic, and (+)-kasuganobiosamine, a compound that results from the degradation of kasugamycin. Salient features of these syntheses include a second-generation enantioselective preparation of a kasugamine derivative (efficiency much improved relative to that of our first chiral-pool effort) and our laboratory's sulfamate-tethered aza-Wacker cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gour Hari Mandal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri─Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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2
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Bag S, Liu J, Patil S, Bonowski J, Koska S, Schölermann B, Zhang R, Wang L, Pahl A, Sievers S, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Ziegler S, Grigalunas M, Waldmann H. A divergent intermediate strategy yields biologically diverse pseudo-natural products. Nat Chem 2024; 16:945-958. [PMID: 38365941 PMCID: PMC11164679 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The efficient exploration of biologically relevant chemical space is essential for the discovery of bioactive compounds. A molecular design principle that possesses both biological relevance and structural diversity may more efficiently lead to compound collections that are enriched in diverse bioactivities. Here the diverse pseudo-natural product (PNP) strategy, which combines the biological relevance of the PNP concept with synthetic diversification strategies from diversity-oriented synthesis, is reported. A diverse PNP collection was synthesized from a common divergent intermediate through developed indole dearomatization methodologies to afford three-dimensional molecular frameworks that could be further diversified via intramolecular coupling and/or carbon monoxide insertion. In total, 154 PNPs were synthesized representing eight different classes. Cheminformatic analyses showed that the PNPs are structurally diverse between classes. Biological investigations revealed the extent of diverse bioactivity enrichment of the collection in which four inhibitors of Hedgehog signalling, DNA synthesis, de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and tubulin polymerization were identified from four different PNP classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukdev Bag
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sohan Patil
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jana Bonowski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sandra Koska
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Beate Schölermann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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3
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Li Z, Amaya L, Ee A, Wang SK, Ranjan A, Waymouth RM, Chang HY, Wender PA. Organ- and Cell-Selective Delivery of mRNA In Vivo Using Guanidinylated Serinol Charge-Altering Releasable Transporters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14785-14798. [PMID: 38743019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Selective RNA delivery is required for the broad implementation of RNA clinical applications, including prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinations, immunotherapies for cancer, and genome editing. Current polyanion delivery relies heavily on cationic amines, while cationic guanidinium systems have received limited attention due in part to their strong polyanion association, which impedes intracellular polyanion release. Here, we disclose a general solution to this problem in which cationic guanidinium groups are used to form stable RNA complexes upon formulation but at physiological pH undergo a novel charge-neutralization process, resulting in RNA release. This new delivery system consists of guanidinylated serinol moieties incorporated into a charge-altering releasable transporter (GSer-CARTs). Significantly, systematic variations in structure and formulation resulted in GSer-CARTs that exhibit highly selective mRNA delivery to the lung (∼97%) and spleen (∼98%) without targeting ligands. Illustrative of their breadth and translational potential, GSer-CARTs deliver circRNA, providing the basis for a cancer vaccination strategy, which in a murine model resulted in antigen-specific immune responses and effective suppression of established tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Laura Amaya
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Aloysius Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sean K Wang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert M Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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4
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Mainkar P, Chandrasekhar S. Path toward "Net Zero Organic Synthesis". ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21686-21689. [PMID: 38799370 PMCID: PMC11112711 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Researchers over the past ∼200 years have accomplished the synthesis of simple to very complex molecules; however, the concept of ideal synthesis has still not reached maturity. Of late, the "Net Zero" concept has captured the imagination of many fields of technology, in tune with Ideal Synthesis. The current Viewpoint covers the principles of ideal synthesis being discussed in the literature and how one could take up the synthesis of organic molecules considering the Net Zero concept to make this central science well-accepted by critics of this important field.
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5
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Stempel ZD, Radomska HS, Coss CC, Micalizio GC. Function-Oriented Synthesis of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids and Discovery of an ent-Estrane as a Natural Product-Inspired Androgen Receptor Antagonist. Org Lett 2024; 26:3054-3059. [PMID: 38557107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
While pentacyclic triterpenoids have a rich history in chemistry and biology, the challenges associated with their asymmetric synthesis contribute to the current reality that medicinal exploration in the area is largely constrained to natural product derivatization. To address this deficiency, a function-oriented synthesis of pentacyclic triterpenoids was pursued. Overall, we report a divergent synthesis of 26-norgermanicol and 26-norlupeol and we have identified a new class of androgen receptor antagonist that is ∼6× more potent than lupeol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Stempel
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Hanna S Radomska
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher C Coss
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Glenn C Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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6
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Kurihara Y, Yagi M, Noguchi T, Yasufuku H, Okita A, Yoshimura S, Oishi T, Chida N, Okamura T, Sato T. Total Synthesis of Keramaphidin B and Ingenamine by Base-Catalyzed Diels-Alder Reaction Using Dynamic Regioselective Crystallization. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38592076 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The control of the selectivity is a central issue in the total synthesis of complex natural products. In this paper, we report the total synthesis of (±)-keramaphidin B and (±)-ingenamine. The key reaction is a DMAP-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction in which the regioselectivity is completely controlled by dynamic crystallization. Our synthesis successfully demonstrates that dynamic crystallization can be an alternative when the selectivity is not controlled by either kinetic or thermodynamic approaches in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kurihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Minori Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Noguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Haruka Yasufuku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ayane Okita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Sho Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oishi
- School of Medicine, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | - Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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7
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Shenvi RA. Natural Product Synthesis in the 21st Century: Beyond the Mountain Top. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:519-528. [PMID: 38559299 PMCID: PMC10979479 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Research into natural products emerged from humanity's curiosity about the nature of matter and its role in the materia medica of diverse civilizations. Plants and fungi, in particular, supplied materials that altered behavior, perception, and well-being profoundly. Many active principles remain well-known today: strychnine, morphine, psilocybin, ephedrine. The potential to circumvent the constraints of natural supply and explore the properties of these materials led to the field of natural product synthesis. This research delivered new molecules with new properties, but also led to fundamental insights into the chemistry of the nonmetal elements H, C, N, O, P, S, Se, and their combinations, i.e., organic chemistry. It also led to a potent culture focused on bigger molecules and races to the finish line, perhaps at the expense of actionable next steps. About 20 years ago, the field began to contract in the United States. Research that focused solely on chemical reaction development, especially catalysis, filled the void. After all, new reactions and mechanistic insight could be immediately implemented by the chemistry community, so it became hard to justify the lengthy procurement of a complex molecule that sat in the freezer unused. This shift coincided with a divestment of natural product portfolios by pharmaceutical companies and an emphasis in academic organic chemistry on applications-driven research, perhaps at the expense of more fundamental science. However, as bioassays and the tools of chemical biology become widespread, synthesis finds a new and powerful ally that allows us to better deliver on the premise of the field. And the hard-won insights of complex synthesis can be better encoded digitally, mined by data science, and applied to new challenges, as chemists perturb and even surpass the properties of complex natural products. The 21st century promises powerful developments, both in fundamental organic chemistry and at the interface of synthesis and biology, if the community of scientists fosters its growth. This essay tries to contextualize natural product synthesis for a broad audience, looks ahead to its transformation in the coming years, and expects the future to be bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate
School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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8
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Samantaray S, Maharana PK, Kar S, Saha S, Punniyamurthy T. Redox-neutral zinc-catalyzed cascade [1,4]-H shift/annulation of diaziridines with donor-acceptor aziridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3441-3444. [PMID: 38445334 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The coupling of diaziridines with donor-acceptor aziridines (DAAs) has been achieved using Zn-catalysis to furnish imidazopyrazole-4,4-dicarboxylates via [1,4]-hydride shift. The use of Zn-catalysis, [1,4]-hydride shift, natural product modification and a late-stage molecular docking study are important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Samantaray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Prabhat Kumar Maharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Subhradeep Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Sharajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
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9
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Håheim KS, Sydnes MO. Regiodivergent Synthesis and Biological Activities of Indoloquinoline Based Compounds. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300362. [PMID: 38319822 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Cryptolepine, neocryptolepine, and isocryptolepine have remained popular synthetic targets ever since their isolation from the aqueous extracts of the West African climbing shrub Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. These natural alkaloids were found to contain significant antimalarial, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities, making them ideal starting points for the development of novel drug candidates. As natural product synthesis is often plagued with step-heavy procedures and poor atom economy, the discovery of synthetic protocols addressing these concerns are sorely needed. In our laboratories, we have devoted our efforts into the development of regiodivergent synthesis whereby two of the indoloquinoline natural products, namely neocryptolepine and 11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolines, could be assembled in only a few steps from a common and readily available starting material. Our synthetic endeavors to meet these goals include a cascade palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyuara cross-coupling and intramolecular C-N bond formation and a photochemical nitrene insertion strategy. Furthermore, our methods also allowed for the construction of several diversely functionalized natural product derivatives which were subjected to biological evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja S Håheim
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO.4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Magne O Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO.4036, Stavanger, Norway
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10
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Zhang Z, Qian X, Gu Y, Gui J. Controllable skeletal reorganizations in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:251-272. [PMID: 38291905 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 2016 to 2023The synthetic chemistry community is always in pursuit of efficient routes to natural products. Among the many available general strategies, skeletal reorganization, which involves the formation, cleavage, and migration of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, stands out as a particularly useful approach for the efficient assembly of molecular skeletons. In addition, it allows for late-stage modification of natural products for quick access to other family members or unnatural derivatives. This review summarizes efficient syntheses of steroid, terpenoid, and alkaloid natural products that have been achieved by means of this strategy in the past eight years. Our goal is to illustrate the strategy's potency and reveal the spectacular human ingenuity demonstrated in its use and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Jinghan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Ayesha, Ashraf A, Arshad M, Sajid N, Rasool N, Abbas M, Nazeer U, Khalid M, Imran M. Dinuclear Zn-Catalytic System as Brønsted Base and Lewis Acid for Enantioselectivity in Same Chiral Environment. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6074-6092. [PMID: 38375498 PMCID: PMC10876046 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a crucial element with remarkable significance in organic transformations. The profusion of harmless zinc salts in the Earth's outer layer qualifies zinc as a noteworthy contender for inexpensive and eco-friendly reagents and catalysts. Recently, widely recognized uses of organo-Zn compounds in the field of organic synthesis have undergone extensive expansion toward asymmetric transformations. The ProPhenol ligand, a member of the chiral nitrogenous-crown family, exhibits the spontaneous formation of a dual-metal complex when reacted with alkyl metal (R-M) reagents, e.g., ZnEt2. The afforded Zn complex possesses two active sites, one Lewis acid and the other Brønsted base, thereby facilitating the activation of nucleophiles and electrophiles simultaneously within the same chiral pocket. In this comprehensive analysis, we provide a thorough account of the advancement and synthetic potential of these diverse catalysts in organic synthesis, while emphasizing the reactivity and selectivities, i.e., dr and ee due to the design/structure of the ligands employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Ashraf
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Arshad
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Roy
and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Numan Sajid
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mujahad Abbas
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Nazeer
- Chemistry
Department, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulvard, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | | | - Muhammad Imran
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Fu C, He L, Chang X, Cheng X, Wang ZF, Zhang Z, Larionov VA, Dong XQ, Wang CJ. Copper/Ruthenium Relay Catalysis for Stereodivergent Access to δ-Hydroxy α-Amino Acids and Small Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315325. [PMID: 38155608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
An atom- and step-economical and redox-neutral cascade reaction enabled by asymmetric bimetallic relay catalysis by merging a ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric borrowing-hydrogen reaction with copper-catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition has been realized. A variety of highly functionalized 2-amino-5-hydroxyvaleric acid esters or peptides bearing 1,4-non-adjacent stereogenic centers have been prepared in high yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity. Judicious selection and rational modification of the Ru catalysts with careful tuning of the reaction conditions played a pivotal role in stereoselectivity control as well as attenuating undesired α-epimerization, thus enabling a full complement of all four stereoisomers that were otherwise inaccessible in previous work. Concise asymmetric stereodivergent synthesis of the key intermediates for biologically important chiral molecules further showcases the synthetic utility of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ling He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xin Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zuo-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zongpeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Vladimir A Larionov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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13
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Tang M, Lu H, Zu L. Collective total synthesis of stereoisomeric yohimbine alkaloids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:941. [PMID: 38296955 PMCID: PMC10830567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stereoisomeric polycyclic natural products are important for drug discovery-based screening campaigns, due to the close correlation of stereochemistry with diversified bioactivities. Nature generates the stereoisomeric yohimbine alkaloids using bioavailable monoterpene secolaganin as the ten-carbon building block. In this work, we reset the stage by the development of a bioinspired coupling, in which the rapid construction of the entire pentacyclic skeleton and the complete control of all five stereogenic centers are achieved through enantioselective kinetic resolution of an achiral, easily accessible synthetic surrogate. The stereochemical diversification from a common intermediate allows for the divergent and collective synthesis of all four stereoisomeric subfamilies of yohimbine alkaloids through orchestrated tackling of thermodynamic and kinetic preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haigen Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liansuo Zu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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14
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Yeom S, Kim DY, Kim S, Gontala A, Park J, Lee YH, Kim HJ. Carboxylate-Directed Pd-Catalyzed β-C(sp 3)-H Arylation of N-Methyl Alanine Derivatives for Diversification of Bioactive Peptides. Org Lett 2023; 25:9008-9013. [PMID: 38084750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a Pd(II)-catalyzed method for the β-C(sp3)-H arylation of N-Cbz- or N-Fmoc-protected N-methyl alanines, providing ready access to building blocks for N-methylated peptide synthesis. For this transformation, the native carboxylate was exploited as the directing group, attributing its success to the use of a monoprotected amino-pyridine ligand. Its synthetic utility was demonstrated by facile generation of nine analogues of the naturally occurring N-methylated cyclic peptide cycloaspeptide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Yeom
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjun Gontala
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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15
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Tong G, Griffin S, Sader A, Crowell AB, Beavers K, Watson J, Buchan Z, Chen S, Shenvi RA. C5 methylation confers accessibility, stability and selectivity to picrotoxinin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8308. [PMID: 38097583 PMCID: PMC10721898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Minor changes to complex structures can exert major influences on synthesis strategy and functional properties. Here we explore two parallel series of picrotoxinin (PXN, 1) analogs and identify leads with selectivity between mammalian and insect ion channels. These are the first SAR studies of PXN despite its >100-year history and are made possible by advances in total synthesis. We observe a remarkable stabilizing effect of a C5 methyl, which completely blocks C15 alcoholysis via destabilization of an intermediate twist-boat conformer; suppression of this secondary hydrolysis pathway increases half-life in plasma. C5 methylation also decreases potency against vertebrate ion channels (γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors) but maintains or increases antagonism of homologous invertebrate GABA-gated chloride channels (resistance to dieldrin (RDL) receptors). Optimal 5MePXN analogs appear to change the PXN binding pose within GABAARs by disruption of a hydrogen bond network. These discoveries were made possible by the lower synthetic burden of 5MePXN (2) and were illuminated by the parallel analog series, which allowed characterization of the role of the synthetically simplifying C5 methyl in channel selectivity. These are the first SAR studies to identify changes to PXN that increase the GABAA-RDL selectivity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghu Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Samantha Griffin
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, USA
| | - Avery Sader
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, USA
| | - Anna B Crowell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio, 44074, USA
| | - Ken Beavers
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, USA
| | - Jerry Watson
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, USA
| | - Zachary Buchan
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, USA
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio, 44074, USA.
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.
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16
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Kar S, Maharana PK, Punniyamurthy T, Trivedi V. Tandem (4 + 3)-Annulation of Aziridines: Stereoselective Access to Fused Azepinoindoles. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38051106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
A stereoselective tandem (4 + 3)-coupling of aziridines with 4-alkylidene indole malonates has been disclosed under Cu-catalysis involving a base-promoted annulation. The methodology serves as a potential approach toward the facile construction of fused azepinoindoles with good yields and diastereoselectivities. Late-stage natural product and drug modification as well as preliminary investigations for the enantioselective (4 + 3)-annulation are important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradeep Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Prabhat K Maharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | | | - Vishal Trivedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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17
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Tolchin ZA, Dukes DM, Gharbaoui LM, Smith JM. Dearomative Access to (-)-Thebaine and Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:8424-8428. [PMID: 37976554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis of the natural product thebaine is reported in eight steps from commercially available starting materials, hinging on the dearomatization and coupling of simple aromatic starting materials. This provides divergent access to two unnatural opioid derivatives and is aimed at the long-term development of synthetic opioid analogs of the "wonderdrug" Naloxone. Additionally, a formal enantioselective synthesis of all reported targets is disclosed that leverages a catalytic asymmetric dearomatization via anion-pairing catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Tolchin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Dallas M Dukes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Leanna M Gharbaoui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joel M Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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18
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Klischan MT, Mazzone F, Berning L, Greb J, Schlamkow M, Haase M, Frey W, Stork B, Pfeffer K, Pietruszka J. Modular Approach for the Synthesis and Bioactivity Profiling of 8,8'-Biflavones. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41816-41834. [PMID: 37970025 PMCID: PMC10634270 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the scalable and modular synthesis of a library of 55 monomeric and dimeric flavonoids including 14 8,8'-biflavones. The sterically demanding tetra-ortho-substituted axis of an acetophenone dimer key intermediate was constructed in a regioselective manner using Fe-mediated oxidative coupling. This step was systematically optimized and performed on up to multigram scale. The biological activities of this compound library were evaluated, including cytotoxicity against healthy and malignant human cell lines, antimicrobial activity against the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, and antioxidant capacity. A marked increase in activity for the 8,8'-dimeric structures compared to that of their monomeric counterparts was observed. Several biflavones were identified with high selectivity indices (low cytotoxicity and high antiprotozoal activity), showing that this class of natural products may serve as lead structures for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz
K. T. Klischan
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine
University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Geb.15.8, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Flaminia Mazzone
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty and
University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Berning
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Greb
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine
University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Geb.15.8, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Max Schlamkow
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine
University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Geb.15.8, 52426 Jülich, Germany
- Institut
für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1: Bioorganische Chemie)
Forschungszentrum, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mona Haase
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine
University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Geb.15.8, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty and
University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine
University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Geb.15.8, 52426 Jülich, Germany
- Institut
für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1: Bioorganische Chemie)
Forschungszentrum, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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19
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Lyons DE, Kumar P, Roan NR, Defechereux PA, Feschotte C, Lange UC, Murthy N, Sameshima P, Verdin E, Ake JA, Parsons MS, Nath A, Gianella S, Smith DM, Kallas EG, Villa TJ, Strange R, Mwesigwa B, Furler O’Brien RL, Nixon DF, Ndhlovu LC, Valente ST, Ott M. HIV-1 Remission: Accelerating the Path to Permanent HIV-1 Silencing. Viruses 2023; 15:2171. [PMID: 38005849 PMCID: PMC10674359 DOI: 10.3390/v15112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress, a cure for HIV-1 infection remains elusive. Rebound competent latent and transcriptionally active reservoir cells persevere despite antiretroviral therapy and rekindle infection due to inefficient proviral silencing. We propose a novel "block-lock-stop" approach, entailing long term durable silencing of viral expression towards an irreversible transcriptionally inactive latent provirus to achieve long term antiretroviral free control of the virus. A graded transformation of remnant HIV-1 in PLWH from persistent into silent to permanently defective proviruses is proposed, emulating and accelerating the natural path that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) take over millions of years. This hypothesis was based on research into delineating the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency, lessons from latency reversing agents and advances of Tat inhibitors, as well as expertise in the biology of HERVs. Insights from elite controllers and the availability of advanced genome engineering technologies for the direct excision of remnant virus set the stage for a rapid path to an HIV-1 cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Lyons
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Nadia R. Roan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Patricia A. Defechereux
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cedric Feschotte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pauline Sameshima
- Faculty of Education, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
| | - Eric Verdin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Julie A. Ake
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA (M.S.P.)
| | - Matthew S. Parsons
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA (M.S.P.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Avindra Nath
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA;
| | - Sara Gianella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Davey M. Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Esper G. Kallas
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Thomas J. Villa
- HOPE Martin Delaney Collaboratory for HIV Cure Research Community Engagement Ambassador, Washinton, DC 20004, USA (R.S.)
- National HIV & Aging Advocacy Network, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - Richard Strange
- HOPE Martin Delaney Collaboratory for HIV Cure Research Community Engagement Ambassador, Washinton, DC 20004, USA (R.S.)
| | - Betty Mwesigwa
- Research Department, Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala P.O Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Robert L. Furler O’Brien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Douglas F. Nixon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Susana T. Valente
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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20
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Zuo H, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Niu D. Base-Promoted Glycosylation Allows Protecting Group-Free and Stereoselective O-Glycosylation of Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309887. [PMID: 37590127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a simple and general method to achieve fully unprotected, stereoselective glycosylation of carboxylic acids, employing bench-stable allyl glycosyl sulfones as donors. Running the glycosylation reaction under basic conditions was crucial for the efficiencies and selectivities. Both the donor activation stage and the glycosidic bond forming stage of the process are compatible with free hydroxyl groups, thereby allowing for the use of fully unprotected glycosyl donors. This transformation is stereoconvergent, occurs under mild and metal-free conditions at ambient temperature with visible light (455 nm) irradiation, and displays remarkable scope with respect to both reaction partners. Many natural products and commercial drugs, including an acid derived from the complex anticancer agent taxol, were efficiently glycosylated. Experimental studies provide insights into the origin of the stereochemical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
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21
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Cai L, Lai Q, Zhang L, Xue G, Zhang Y, He N, Huang M, Hu S, Cai S. Visible-Light-Enabled Lanthanum-Mediated Intramolecular Epoxy-Ring Opening/Dehydrogenative Lactonization. Org Lett 2023; 25:7126-7131. [PMID: 37754837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic C(sp3)-H functionalization has afforded great opportunities to prepare organic substances, facilitating the derivatization of complex drugs and natural molecules. This letter describes an efficient and practical protocol for lanthanum-catalyzed continuous epoxy-ring opening and oxidative dehydrogenative lactonization under visible-light irradiation. Notably, the lanthanum catalyst also acts as a photocatalyst while acting as a Lewis acid in this reaction; therefore, no additional photocatalyst is required. We can conveniently prepare a series of diverse isochromanones with oxygen-containing spirocyclic structural units under a balloon-oxygen atmosphere at room temperature. Mechanistic studies and control experiments reveal that the in situ-generated lanthanum bromide should be crucial in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Qihong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics of Guangdong Province, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guotao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Na He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Mingqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Shirong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Shunyou Cai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics of Guangdong Province, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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22
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Xu FF, Chen JQ, Shao DY, Huang PQ. Catalytic enantioselective reductive alkynylation of amides enables one-pot syntheses of pyrrolidine, piperidine and indolizidine alkaloids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6251. [PMID: 37803030 PMCID: PMC10558451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective in synthetic organic chemistry is to develop highly efficient, selective, and versatile synthetic methodologies, which are essential for discovering new drug candidates and agrochemicals. In this study, we present a unified strategy for a one-pot, catalytic enantioselective synthesis of α-alkyl and α,α'-dialkyl pyrrolidine, piperidine, and indolizidine alkaloids using readily available amides and alkynes. This synthesis is enabled by the identification and development of an Ir/Cu/N-PINAP catalyzed highly enantioselective and chemoselective reductive alkynylation of α-unbranched aliphatic amides, which serves as the key reaction. This reaction is combined with Pd-catalyzed tandem reactions in a one-pot approach, enabling the collective, catalytic enantioselective total syntheses of eight alkaloids and an anticancer antipode with 90-98% ee. The methodology's enantio-divergence is exemplified by the one-step access to either enantiomer of alkaloid bgugaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Quan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yang Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China.
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23
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Liu J, Gao S, Miliordos E, Chen M. Asymmetric Syntheses of ( Z)- or ( E)-β,γ-Unsaturated Ketones via Silane-Controlled Enantiodivergent Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19542-19553. [PMID: 37639380 PMCID: PMC11144060 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cu-catalyzed highly stereoselective and enantiodivergent syntheses of (Z)- or (E)-β,γ-unsaturated ketones from 1,3-butadienyl silanes are developed. The nature of the silyl group of the dienes has a significant impact on the stereo- and enantioselectivity of the reactions. Under the developed catalytic systems, the reactions of acyl fluorides with phenyldiemthylsilyl-substituted 1,3-diene gave (Z)-β,γ-unsaturated ketones bearing an α-tertiary stereogenic center with excellent enantioselectivities and high Z-selectivities, where the reactions with triisopropylsilyl-substituted 1,3-butadiene formed (E)-β,γ-unsaturated ketones with high optical purities and excellent E-selectivities. The products generated from the reactions contain three functional groups with orthogonal chemical reactivities, which can undergo a variety of transformations to afford synthetically valuable intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Shang Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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24
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Zentar H, Jannus F, Medina-O’Donnell M, El Mansouri AE, Fernández A, Justicia J, Alvarez-Manzaneda E, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Chahboun R. Synthesis of Tricyclic Pterolobirin H Analogue: Evaluation of Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Molecular Docking Investigations. Molecules 2023; 28:6208. [PMID: 37687037 PMCID: PMC10489156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterolobirin H (3), a cassane diterpene isolated from the roots of Pterolobium macropterum, exhibits important anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, its relatively complex tetracyclic structure makes it difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis, thus limiting the studies of its biological activities. Therefore, we present here a short route to obtain a rational simplification of pterolobirin H (3) and some intermediates. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. All compounds showed potent inhibition of NO production, with percentages between 54 to 100% at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. The highest anti-inflammatory effect was shown for compounds 15 and 16. The simplified analog 16 revealed potential NO inhibition properties, being 2.34 higher than that of natural cassane pterolobirin H (3). On the other hand, hydroxyphenol 15 was also demonstrated to be the strongest NO inhibitor in RAW 264.7 macrophages (IC50 NO = 0.62 ± 0.21 μg/mL), with an IC50NO value 28.3 times lower than that of pterolobirin H (3). Moreover, the anticancer potential of these compounds was evaluated in three cancer cell lines: HT29 colon cancer cells, Hep-G2 hepatoma cells, and B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. Intermediate 15 was the most active against all the selected tumor cell lines. Compound 15 revealed the highest cytotoxic effect with the lowest IC50 value (IC50 = 2.45 ± 0.29 μg/mL in HT29 cells) and displayed an important apoptotic effect through an extrinsic pathway, as evidenced in the flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the Hoechst staining assay showed that analog 15 triggered morphological changes, including nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation, in treated HT29 cells. Finally, the in silico studies demonstrated that cassane analogs exhibit promising binding affinities and docking performance with iNOS and caspase 8, which confirms the obtained experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Zentar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Fatin Jannus
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Marta Medina-O’Donnell
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Az-eddine El Mansouri
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
| | - José Justicia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Manzaneda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Rachid Chahboun
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
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25
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Parammal A, Singh S, Kumar M, Xavier JS, Subramanian P. Robust Synthesis of Terpenoid Scaffolds under Mn(I)-Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37463248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The 6/6/5-fused tricyclic scaffold is a central feature of structurally complex terpenoid natural products. A step-economical cascade transformation that leads to a complex molecular skeleton is regarded as a sustainable methodology. Therefore, we report the first Mn(I)-catalyzed C(sp2)-H chemoselective in situ dienylation and diastereoselective intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction using iso-pentadienyl carbonate to access 6/6/5-fused tricyclic scaffolds. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such report thus far to utilize iso-pentadienyl carbonate as a substrate in C-H activation catalysis. Extensive mechanistic studies, such as the isolation of catalytically active organo-manganese(I) complexes, 1,3-dienyl-intermediates, and isotopic labeling experiments have supported the proposed mechanism of this cascade reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Parammal
- Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Shubham Singh
- Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Joe Sam Xavier
- Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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26
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Karjee P, Mandal S, Debnath B, Namdev N, Punniyamurthy T. Expedient (3+3)-annulation of in situ generated azaoxyallyl cations with diaziridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37317582 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02136j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Efficient annulation of in situ formed azaoxyallyl cations using a base has been accomplished with diaziridines to provide 1,2,4-triazines at room temperature. The substrate scope, scale up, functional group tolerance and transition-metal free reaction conditions are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Karjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Santu Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Bijoy Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Nirali Namdev
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
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27
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Chen XW, Hou ZC, Chen C, Zhang LH, Chen ME, Zhang FM. Enantioselective total syntheses of six natural and two proposed meroterpenoids from Psoralea corylifolia. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5699-5704. [PMID: 37265714 PMCID: PMC10231314 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The first enantioselective total syntheses of six natural and two proposed meroterpenoids isolated from Psoralea corylifolia have been achieved in 7-9 steps from 2-methylcyclohexanone. The current synthetic approaches feature a high level of synthetic flexibility, stereodivergent fashion and short synthetic route, thereby providing a potential platform for the preparation of numerous this-type meroterpenoids and their pseudo-natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zi-Chao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ling-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Meng-En Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
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28
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Chen D, Zhou L, Wen C, Wan JP. Three-Component Chemo-Selective Synthesis of N-( o-Alkenylaryl) Pyrazoles by Pyrazole Annulation and Rh-Catalyzed Chemo-Selective Aryl C-H Addition Cascade. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37257161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
By using readily available enaminones, aryl hydrazine hydrochlorides, and alkynes as starting materials, the chemo-selective three-component synthesis of atropisomeric N-(o-alkenylaryl) pyrazoles has been efficiently accessed with rhodium catalysis. Unlike Satoh-Miura reaction leading to the alkyne-based C-H benzannulation by using prior prepared N-phenyl pyrazoles and alkynes as substrates, this three-component protocol displays unprecedented selectivity of C-H alkenylation by blocking the second round metal alkenylation with the key protonation step in the presence of acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Liyun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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29
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Li X, Zhang J, Chen Q, Tang P, Zhang T, Feng Q, Chen J, Liu Y, Wang FP, Peng C, Qin Y, Ouyang L, Xiao K, Liu XY. Diversity-oriented synthesis of diterpenoid alkaloids yields a potent anti-inflammatory agent. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 117:154907. [PMID: 37295024 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diterpenoid alkaloids belong to a highly esteemed group of natural compounds, which display significant biological activities. It is a productive strategy to expand the chemical space of these intriguing natural compounds for drug discovery. METHODS We prepared a series of new derivatives bearing diverse skeletons and functionalities from the diterpenoid alkaloids deltaline and talatisamine based on a diversity-oriented synthesis strategy. The anti-inflammatory activity of these derivatives was initially screened and evaluated by the release of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. Futhermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of the representative derivative 31a was validated in various inflammatory animal models, including phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mice ear edema, LPS-stimulated acute kidney injury, and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). RESULTS It was found that several derivatives were able to suppress the secretion of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Compound 31a, one of the representative derivatives named as deltanaline, demonstrated the strongest anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated macrophages and three different animal models of inflammatory diseases by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and inducing autophagy. CONCLUSION Deltanaline is a new structural compound derived from natural diterpenoid alkaloids, which may serve as a new lead compound for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyi Feng
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Kai Xiao
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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30
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Youmans DD, Tran HN, Stanley LM. Nickel-Catalyzed Isomerization of Homoallylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2023; 25:3559-3563. [PMID: 37154573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed isomerizations of homoallylic alcohols and a bishomoallylic alcohol are presented. These isomerization reactions occur in the presence of a simple nickel catalyst that does not require addition of an exogenous ligand. The corresponding ketone products are generated in ≤98% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D Youmans
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Hai N Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Levi M Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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31
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Umemiya S, Shinagawa N, Terada M. Scalable Total Synthesis of Leucascandrolide A Macrolactone Using a Chiral Phosphoric Acid/CuX Combined Catalytic System. Org Lett 2023; 25:1924-1928. [PMID: 36920186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A scalable total synthesis of leucascandrolide A macrolactone has been accomplished with a longest linear sequence of 17 steps from readily available feedstocks in 31.2% yield. The key steps in this synthesis are the enantioselective allylation reaction by chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)/CuBr cooperative catalysis and the diastereoselective catalytic crotylation in the presence of CPA with CuCl. These catalytic reactions can be performed on a gram scale to afford the desired products with excellent stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenobu Umemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoya Shinagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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32
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Liu X, Chu X. Metal-Free Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines from 2-Styrylanilines and 2-Methylbenzothiazoles/2-Methylquinolines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6940-6944. [PMID: 36844512 PMCID: PMC9948197 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A facile functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds and tandem cyclization strategy to synthesize quinoline derivatives from 2-methylbenzothiazoles or 2-methylquinolines and 2-styrylanilines has been developed. This work avoids the requirement for transition metals, offering a mild approach to activation of C(sp3)-H bonds and formation of new C-C and C-N bonds. This strategy features excellent functional group tolerance and scaled-up synthetic capability, thus providing an efficient and environmentally friendly access to medicinally valuable quinolines.
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33
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Zhang A, Pak G, Yu SY, Yang S, Kim J. Synthesis of (+)-Xylogiblactones B and C through a Kinetic Resolution of the Allenoate γ-Addition: Stereochemical Establishment. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2605-2611. [PMID: 36723434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Concise syntheses of naturally occurring γ-butenolides (+)-xylogiblactones B and C have been achieved for the first time starting from commercial methyl crotonate in 5-8 steps. The synthetic course involves allenoate γ-addition to racemic aldehydes through a kinetic resolution to establish the required stereochemical framework as center and axial chirality and subsequent oxacyclization via gold catalysis to complete the (+)-xylogiblactone skeleton. Both key transformations proceed in a regio- and stereospecific manner. This outcome relies on finding an efficient synthetic method for racemic aldehydes as precursors for the kinetic resolution. Completion of the synthesis provides stereochemical clarification for (+)-xylogiblactones B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Gyungah Pak
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Suh Young Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sehui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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34
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Vopálenská A, Dočekal V, Petrželová S, Císařová I, Veselý J. Access to Spirooxindole-Fused Cyclopentanes via a Stereoselective Organocascade Reaction Using Bifunctional Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36705518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports an asymmetric organocascade reaction of oxindole-derived alkenes with 3-bromo-1-nitropropane efficiently catalyzed by the bifunctional catalyst. Spirooxindole-fused cyclopentanes were produced in moderate-to-good isolated yields (15-69%) with excellent stereochemical outcomes. The synthetic utility of the protocol was exemplified on a set of additional transformations of the corresponding spirooxindole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vopálenská
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Dočekal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Petrželová
- Department of Teaching and Didactics of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Veselý
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43Prague 2, Czech Republic
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35
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Maayuri R, Gandeepan P. Manganese-catalyzed hydroarylation of multiple bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:441-464. [PMID: 36541044 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01674e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation has become a promising strategy in organic synthesis due to its improved atom-, step- and resource economy. Considering the Earth's abundance, economic benefits, and low toxicity, 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation have received a significant focus. In particular, organometallic manganese-catalyzed C-H activation has proven to be versatile and suitable for a wide range of transformations such as C-H addition to π-components, arylation, alkylation, alkynylation, amination, and many more. Among them, manganese-catalyzed C-H addition to C-C and C-heteroatom multiple bonds exhibited unique and promising reactivity to construct a wide range of complex organic molecules. In this review, we highlight the developments in the field of manganese-catalyzed hydroarylation of multiple bonds via C-H activation with a range of applications until August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Maayuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India.
| | - Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India.
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36
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Ding D, Fan LF, Han ZY, Wang PS. Redox-Neutral 1,4-Dicarbonfunctionalization of 1,3-Butadiene by Merging Photoredox and Nickel Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:210-214. [PMID: 36534618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The diverse functionalization of 1,3-butadiene provides wide applicability toward the synthesis of abundant and useful allylic compounds. Here, we describe a three-component and redox-neutral assembly of readily available C═X compounds, 1,3-butadiene, and various nucleophiles by merging photoredox and nickel catalysis, enabling the rapid synthesis of structurally diverse homoallyl amines and homoallylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lian-Feng Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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37
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Park JU, Huang LZ, Cho HJ, Park BY, Kim JH. One-Pot Synthesis of Unprotected 2-Acylpyrroles from 1,2,3 -Triazoles and 2-Hydroxymethylallyl Carbonates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:585-593. [PMID: 36538655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, tandem one-pot approach to synthesize multisubstituted 2-acylpyrroles from readily prepared N-tosyl triazoles and 2-hydroxymethylallyl carbonates is reported. The reaction proceeds via Rh(II)-catalyzed O-H insertion, [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, Pd(0)-catalyzed oxidative addition, intramolecular cyclization, DBU-promoted E1cB elimination, double bond isomerization, and aromatization, enabling the disconnection and formation of multiple bonds in one reactor. The approach represents a highly regioselective way to access di-, tri-, and tetra-substituted NH pyrroles with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Un Park
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Liang-Zhu Huang
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
| | - Ho-Jun Cho
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Boyoung Y Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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38
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Abstract
Chemoenzymatic catalysis, by definition, involves the merging of sequential reactions using both chemocatalysis and biocatalysis, typically in a single reaction vessel. A major challenge, the solution to which, however, is associated with numerous advantages, is to run such one-pot processes in water: the majority of enzyme-catalyzed processes take place in water as Nature's reaction medium, thus enabling a broad synthetic diversity when using water due to the option to use virtually all types of enzymes. Furthermore, water is cheap, abundantly available, and environmentally friendly, thus making it, in principle, an ideal reaction medium. On the other hand, most chemocatalysis is routinely performed today in organic solvents (which might deactivate enzymes), thus appearing to make it difficult to combine such reactions with biocatalysis toward one-pot cascades in water. Several creative approaches and solutions that enable such combinations of chemo- and biocatalysis in water to be realized and applied to synthetic problems are presented herein, reflecting the state-of-the-art in this blossoming field. Coverage has been sectioned into three parts, after introductory remarks: (1) Chapter 2 focuses on historical developments that initiated this area of research; (2) Chapter 3 describes key developments post-initial discoveries that have advanced this field; and (3) Chapter 4 highlights the latest achievements that provide attractive solutions to the main question of compatibility between biocatalysis (used predominantly in aqueous media) and chemocatalysis (that remains predominantly performed in organic solvents), both Chapters covering mainly literature from ca. 2018 to the present. Chapters 5 and 6 provide a brief overview as to where the field stands, the challenges that lie ahead, and ultimately, the prognosis looking toward the future of chemoenzymatic catalysis in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
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39
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Wender PA, Gentry ZO, Fanelli DJ, Luu-Nguyen QH, McAteer OD, Njoo E. Practical synthesis of the therapeutic leads tigilanol tiglate and its analogues. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1421-1426. [PMID: 36192432 PMCID: PMC10079359 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tigilanol tiglate is a natural product diterpenoid in clinical trials for the treatment of a broad range of cancers. Its unprecedented protein kinase C isoform selectivity make it and its analogues exceptional leads for PKC-related clinical indications, which include human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS eradication, antigen-enhanced cancer immunotherapy, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Currently, the only source of tigilanol tiglate is a rain forest tree, Fontainea picrosperma, whose limited number and restricted distribution (northeastern Australia) has prompted consideration of designed tree plantations to address supply needs. Here we report a practical laboratory synthesis of tigilanol tiglate that proceeds in 12 steps (12% overall yield, >80% average yield per step) and can be used to sustainably supply tigilanol tiglate and its analogues, the latter otherwise inaccessible from the natural source. The success of this synthesis is based on a unique strategy for the installation of an oxidation pattern common to many biologically active tiglianes, daphnanes and their analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Systems and Chemical Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - David J Fanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Owen D McAteer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward Njoo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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40
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Scott KA, Groch JR, Bao J, Marshall CM, Allen RA, Nick SJ, Lauta NR, Williams RE, Qureshi MH, Delost MD, Njardarson JT. Minimalistic graphical presentation approach for total syntheses. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Zhang J, Wang T, Qian J, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Ultrasound-promoted three-component halogenation-azaheteroarylation of alkenes involving carbon-halogen and carbon-carbon bond formation. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Millham AB, Micalizio GC. Toward the Asymmetric Synthesis of Cardenolides and Related Steroidal Systems: syn-S N2' of Organometallics with C14-C17 Vinylepoxides. Org Lett 2022; 24:7058-7061. [PMID: 36154235 PMCID: PMC9637385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a program aimed at establishing a common sequence of C-C bond-forming reactions for asymmetric construction of tetracyclic triterpenoid natural products and related synthetic systems, effort has been directed toward introducing C17β-substitution by late-stage functionalization of stereodefined "steroidal" D-ring vinylepoxides (spanning C14-C17). It has been found that cyanocuprates participate in syn-SN2' reactions that result in products bearing various C17β-substituents and containing a β-OH at C14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Millham
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
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43
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Hui C, Craggs L, Antonchick AP. Ring contraction in synthesis of functionalized carbocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8652-8675. [PMID: 36172989 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbocycles are a key and widely present structural motif in organic compounds. The construction of structurally intriguing carbocycles, such as highly-strained fused rings, spirocycles or highly-functionalized carbocycles with congested stereocenters, remains challenging in organic chemistry. Cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes within such carbocycles can be synthesized through ring contraction. These ring contractions involve re-arrangement of and/or small molecule extrusion from a parental ring, which is either a carbocycle or a heterocycle of larger size. This review provides an overview of synthetic methods for ring contractions to form cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes en route to structurally intriguing carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luke Craggs
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.,Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
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44
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Janin YL. On drug discovery against infectious diseases and academic medicinal chemistry contributions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1355-1378. [PMID: 36247982 PMCID: PMC9531561 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective is an attempt to document the problems that medicinal chemists are facing in drug discovery. It is also trying to identify relevant/possible, research areas in which academics can have an impact and should thus be the subject of grant calls. Accordingly, it describes how hit discovery happens, how compounds to be screened are selected from available chemicals and the possible reasons for the recurrent paucity of useful/exploitable results reported. This is followed by the successful hit to lead stories leading to recent and original antibacterials which are, or about to be, used in human medicine. Then, illustrated considerations and suggestions are made on the possible inputs of academic medicinal chemists. This starts with the observation that discovering a “good” hit in the course of a screening campaign still rely on a lot of luck – which is within the reach of academics –, that the hit to lead process requires a lot of chemistry and that if public–private partnerships can be important throughout these stages, they are absolute requirements for clinical trials. Concerning suggestions to improve the current hit success rate, one academic input in organic chemistry would be to identify new and pertinent chemical space, design synthetic accesses to reach these and prepare the corresponding chemical libraries. Concerning hit to lead programs on a given target, if no new hits are available, previously reported leads along with new structural data can be pertinent starting points to design, prepare and assay original analogues. In conclusion, this text is an actual plea illustrating that, in many countries, academic research in medicinal chemistry should be more funded, especially in the therapeutic area neglected by the industry. At the least, such funds would provide the intensive to secure series of hopefully relevant chemical entities which appears to often lack when considering the results of academic as well as industrial screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves L Janin
- Structure et Instabilité des Génomes (StrInG), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM, CNRS, Alliance Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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45
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Al Subeh ZY, Li T, Ustoyev A, Obike JC, West PM, Khin M, Burdette JE, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH, Croatt MP. Semisynthesis of Hypothemycin Analogues Targeting the C8-C9 Diol. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2018-2025. [PMID: 35834411 PMCID: PMC9677340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypothemycin, an epoxide derivative of (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, was used in the semisynthesis of a series of C8-C9 diol derivatives, with many inhibiting TAK1 at submicromolar concentrations. A step-economical approach was chosen, whereby nonselective reactions functionalized the diol to generate multiple analogues in a single reaction. Using this approach, 35 analogues were synthesized using 12 reactions, providing a wealth of information about the role that the C8-C9 diol plays in TAK1 inhibition and cytotoxicity in ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. Monofunctionalized analogues exhibited strong inhibition of TAK1, showing potential for modification of this section of the molecule to assist with solubility, formulation, and other desirable properties. Most analogues were cytotoxic, and three compounds had similar or slightly increased potency with >100-fold improvement in solubility profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Abraham Ustoyev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Jennifer C Obike
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Philip M West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Manead Khin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Mitchell P Croatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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46
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Li Y, Cheng S, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Recent ring distortion reactions for diversifying complex natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1970-1992. [PMID: 35972343 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013-2022.Chemical diversification of natural products is an efficient way to generate natural product-like compounds for modern drug discovery programs. Utilizing ring-distortion reactions for diversifying natural products would directly alter the core ring systems of small molecules and lead to the production of structurally complex and diverse compounds for high-throughput screening. We review the ring distortion reactions recently used in complexity-to-diversity (CtD) and pseudo natural products (pseudo-NPs) strategies for diversifying complex natural products. The core ring structures of natural products are altered via ring expansion, ring cleavage, ring edge-fusion, ring spiro-fusion, ring rearrangement, and ring contraction. These reactions can rapidly provide natural product-like collections with properties suitable for a wide variety of biological and medicinal applications. The challenges and limitations of current ring distortion reactions are critically assessed, and avenues for future improvements of this rapidly expanding field are discussed. We also provide a toolbox for chemists for the application of ring distortion reactions to access natural product-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Shihao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yun Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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47
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Bai M, Jia S, Zhang J, Cheng H, Cong H, Liu S, Huang Z, Huang Y, Chen X, Zhou Q. A Modular Approach for Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of 1,3‐
trans
‐Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines: Seven‐Step Asymmetric Synthesis of Michellamines B and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205245. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Bai
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Shihu Jia
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Hong‐Gang Cheng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zhiqian Huang
- Daicel Chiral Technologies (China) Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Yaoguo Huang
- Daicel Chiral Technologies (China) Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Daicel Chiral Technologies (China) Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling Ling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
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48
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Wohlgemuth R, Littlechild J. Complexity reduction and opportunities in the design, integration and intensification of biocatalytic processes for metabolite synthesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:958606. [PMID: 35935499 PMCID: PMC9355135 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.958606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of metabolites from available starting materials is becoming an ever important area due to the increasing demands within the life science research area. Access to metabolites is making essential contributions to analytical, diagnostic, therapeutic and different industrial applications. These molecules can be synthesized by the enzymes of biological systems under sustainable process conditions. The facile synthetic access to the metabolite and metabolite-like molecular space is of fundamental importance. The increasing knowledge within molecular biology, enzyme discovery and production together with their biochemical and structural properties offers excellent opportunities for using modular cell-free biocatalytic systems. This reduces the complexity of synthesizing metabolites using biological whole-cell approaches or by classical chemical synthesis. A systems biocatalysis approach can provide a wealth of optimized enzymes for the biosynthesis of already identified and new metabolite molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
- Swiss Coordination Committee for Biotechnology, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Roland Wohlgemuth, ; Jennifer Littlechild,
| | - Jennifer Littlechild
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Roland Wohlgemuth, ; Jennifer Littlechild,
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49
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Wang T, Chen X, Li P. One‐pot Divergent Synthesis of Benzoxazines and Dihydroquinolines from Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Alcohols. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Xuling Chen
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Pengfei Li
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan district 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
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50
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Liu S, He H, Sun R, Lu G, Xiao G. Total synthesis of Lentinus giganteus glycans with antitumor activities via stereoselective α-glycosylation and orthogonal one-pot glycosylation strategies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7755-7764. [PMID: 35865907 PMCID: PMC9258330 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The accessibility to long, branched and complex glycans containing many 1,2-cis glycosidic linkages with precise structures remains a challenging task in chemical synthesis. Reported here is an efficient, stereoselective and orthogonal one-pot synthesis of a tetradecasaccharide and shorter sequences from Lentinus giganteus polysaccharides with antitumor activities. The synthetic strategy consists of: (1) newly developed merging reagent modulation and remote anchimeric assistance (RMRAA) α-(1→6)-galactosylation in a highly stereoselective manner, (2) DMF-modulated stereoselective α-(1→3)-glucosylation, (3) RMRAA stereoselective α-(1→6)-glucosylation, (4) several orthogonal one-pot glycosylations on the basis of N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate (PTFAI) glycosylation, Yu glycosylation and ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoate (PVB) glycosylation to streamline oligosaccharide synthesis, and (5) convergent [7 + 7] glycosylation for the final assembly of the target tetradecasaccharide. In particular, this new RMRAA α-galactosylation method has mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scopes and significantly shortened step counts for the heptasaccharide synthesis in comparison with 4,6-di-tert-butylsilyene (DTBS) directed α-galactosylation. Furthermore, DFT calculations shed light on the origins of remote anchimeric assistance effects (3,4-OBz > 3,4-OAc > 4-OBz > 3-OBz) of acyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Haiqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Roujing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
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