1
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Aloiau AN, Bobek BM, Pearson KE, Cherry KE, Smith CR, Ketcham JM, Marx MA, Harwood SJ. Zirconium Hydride Catalysis Initiated by Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39073902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
In our drug discovery campaigns to target the oncogenic drivers of cancers, the demand for a chemoselective, stereoselective and economical synthesis of chiral benzylamines drove the development of a catalytic zirconium hydride reduction. This methodology uses the inexpensive, bench stable zirconocene dichloride, and a novel tetrabutylammonium fluoride activation tactic to catalytically generate a metal hydride under ambient conditions. The diastereo- and chemoselectivity of this reaction was tested with the preparation of key intermediates from our discovery programs and in the scope of sulfinyl ketimines and carbonyls relevant to medicinal chemistry and natural product synthesis. A preliminary mechanistic investigation conducted into the role of tetrabutylammonium fluoride indicates that formation of a zirconocene fluoride occurs to initiate catalysis. The implications of this convenient activation approach may provide expanded roles for zirconium hydrides in catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athenea N Aloiau
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Briana M Bobek
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kelly E Pearson
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kendall E Cherry
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christopher R Smith
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John M Ketcham
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew A Marx
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Stephen J Harwood
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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2
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Phulwale V, Shet H, Gunturu KC, Rout SR, Dandela R, Adhav S, Kapdi AR. Cu(II)/PTABS-Promoted, Chemoselective Amination of HaloPyrimidines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9243-9254. [PMID: 38878304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemoselective amination is a highly desired synthetic methodology, given its importance as a possible strategy to synthesize various drug molecules and agrochemicals. We, herein, disclose a highly chemoselective Cu(II)-PTABS-promoted amination of pyrimidine structural feature containing different halogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Phulwale
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Harshita Shet
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | - Smruti Rekha Rout
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus , Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus , Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Suyog Adhav
- BASF Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd., Plot No 12, Thane Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai 400705, India
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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3
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Yamashiro T, Abe T. Switchable synthesis of 3-aminoindolines and 2'-aminoarylacetic acids using Grignard reagents and 3-azido-2-hydroxyindolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6615-6618. [PMID: 38847113 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01448k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The switchable synthesis of 3-aminoindolines and 2'-aminoaryl acetic acids from the same substrates, 3-azido-2-hydroxyindolines, was developed through denitrogenative electrophilic amination of Grignard reagents. The key to success is the serendipitous discovery that the reaction conditions, including solvents and reaction temperature, can affect the chemoselectivity. It is noteworthy that isotope-labeling experiments revealed the occurrence of the aziridine intermediate in the production of 2'-aminoaryl acetic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
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4
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Huang Y, Peng X, Li T. Recent Advances in NHC-Catalyzed Chemoselective Activation of Carbonyl Compounds. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400097. [PMID: 38451172 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalysts have been employed as effective tools in the development of various reactions, which have made notable contributions in developing diverse reaction modes and generating significant functionalized molecules. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in the chemo- and regioselective activation of different aldehydes using NHCs, categorized into five parts based on the different activation modes. A brief conclusion and outlook is provided to stimulate the development of novel activation modes for accessing functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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5
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Kurihara Y, Yagi M, Noguchi T, Yasufuku H, Okita A, Yoshimura S, Oishi T, Chida N, Okamura T, Sato T. Total Synthesis of Keramaphidin B and Ingenamine by Base-Catalyzed Diels-Alder Reaction Using Dynamic Regioselective Crystallization. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38592076 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The control of the selectivity is a central issue in the total synthesis of complex natural products. In this paper, we report the total synthesis of (±)-keramaphidin B and (±)-ingenamine. The key reaction is a DMAP-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction in which the regioselectivity is completely controlled by dynamic crystallization. Our synthesis successfully demonstrates that dynamic crystallization can be an alternative when the selectivity is not controlled by either kinetic or thermodynamic approaches in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kurihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Minori Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Noguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Haruka Yasufuku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ayane Okita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Sho Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oishi
- School of Medicine, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | - Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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6
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Mandal S, Phukan KP, Basumatary J, Roy BG. Metal-Free Visible-Light Catalytic Deoxygenation of Azaaryl N-Oxides: Harnessing Photons for Efficient Greener Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400147. [PMID: 38577789 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Regio- and chemo-selective functionalization of electron deficient azaarenes often required their transformations to corresponding N-oxides and subsequent removal of oxygen after functionalization to get back the desired substituted azaarenes. An efficient metal-free visible-light photo-redox catalytic deoxygenation of N-oxides of azaheterocyclic compounds has been developed using acridinium based organo-photocatalyst in blue LED light. High efficiency and mildness of this methodology has been demonstrated through higher deoxygenation yield of wide variety of azaheterocyclic N-oxides with reactive functional groups. Robustness of the photocatalytic reduction has been demonstrated through easy scaling-up of the reaction to gram level without much change in the reaction yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Kimron Protim Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Joneswar Basumatary
- Department of Chemistry, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Biswajit Gopal Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
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7
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Aloiau A, Bobek BM, Caddell Haatveit K, Pearson KE, Watkins AH, Jones B, Smith CR, Ketcham JM, Marx MA, Harwood SJ. Stereoselective Amine Synthesis Mediated by a Zirconocene Hydride to Accelerate a Drug Discovery Program. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3875-3882. [PMID: 38422508 PMCID: PMC10949245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Chiral amine synthesis remains a significant challenge in accelerating the design cycle of drug discovery programs. A zirconium hydride, due to its high oxophilicity and lower reactivity, gave highly chemo- and stereoselective reductions of sulfinyl ketimines. The development of this zirconocene-mediated reduction helped to accelerate our drug discovery efforts and is applicable to several motifs commonly used in medicinal chemistry. Computational investigation supported a cyclic half-chair transition state to rationalize the high selectivity in benzyl systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athenea
N. Aloiau
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Briana M. Bobek
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Kelly E. Pearson
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ashlee H. Watkins
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Benjamin Jones
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christopher R. Smith
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John M. Ketcham
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew A. Marx
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Stephen J. Harwood
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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8
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Schauenburg D, Weil T. Chemical Reactions in Living Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303396. [PMID: 37679060 PMCID: PMC10885656 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The term "in vivo ("in the living") chemistry" refers to chemical reactions that take place in a complex living system such as cells, tissue, body liquids, or even in an entire organism. In contrast, reactions that occur generally outside living organisms in an artificial environment (e.g., in a test tube) are referred to as in vitro. Over the past decades, significant contributions have been made in this rapidly growing field of in vivo chemistry, but it is still not fully understood, which transformations proceed efficiently without the formation of by-products or how product formation in such complex environments can be characterized. Potential applications can be imagined that synthesize drug molecules directly within the cell or confer new cellular functions through controlled chemical transformations that will improve the understanding of living systems and develop new therapeutic strategies. The guiding principles of this contribution are twofold: 1) Which chemical reactions can be translated from the laboratory to the living system? 2) Which characterization methods are suitable for studying reactions and structure formation in complex living environments?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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9
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Göttemann LT, Wiesler S, Sarpong R. Oxidative cleavage of ketoximes to ketones using photoexcited nitroarenes. Chem Sci 2023; 15:213-219. [PMID: 38131093 PMCID: PMC10732129 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05414d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The methoxime group has emerged as a versatile directing group for a variety of C-H functionalizations. Despite its importance as a powerful functional handle, conversion of methoximes to the parent ketone, which is often desired, usually requires harsh and functional group intolerant reaction conditions. Therefore, the application of methoximes and their subsequent conversion to the corresponding ketone in a late-stage context can be problematic. Here, we present an alternative set of conditions to achieve mild and functional group tolerant conversion of methoximes to the parent ketones using photoexcited nitroarenes. The utility of this methodology is showcased in its application in the total synthesis of cephanolide D. Furthermore, mechanistic insight into this transformation obtained using isotope labeling studies as well as the analysis of reaction byproducts is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Göttemann
- Department of Chemistry, Latimer Hall, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Stefan Wiesler
- Department of Chemistry, Latimer Hall, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, Latimer Hall, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
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10
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Prasoon A, Yu X, Hambsch M, Bodesheim D, Liu K, Zacarias A, Nguyen NN, Seki T, Dianat A, Croy A, Cuniberti G, Fontaine P, Nagata Y, Mannsfeld SCB, Dong R, Bonn M, Feng X. Site-selective chemical reactions by on-water surface sequential assembly. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8313. [PMID: 38097633 PMCID: PMC10721922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling site-selectivity and reactivity in chemical reactions continues to be a key challenge in modern synthetic chemistry. Here, we demonstrate the discovery of site-selective chemical reactions on the water surface via a sequential assembly approach. A negatively charged surfactant monolayer on the water surface guides the electrostatically driven, epitaxial, and aligned assembly of reagent amino-substituted porphyrin molecules, resulting in a well-defined J-aggregated structure. This constrained geometry of the porphyrin molecules prompts the subsequent directional alignment of the perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride reagent, enabling the selective formation of a one-sided imide bond between porphyrin and reagent. Surface-specific in-situ spectroscopies reveal the underlying mechanism of the dynamic interface that promotes multilayer growth of the site-selective imide product. The site-selective reaction on the water surface is further demonstrated by three reversible and irreversible chemical reactions, such as imide-, imine-, and 1, 3-diazole (imidazole)- bonds involving porphyrin molecules. This unique sequential assembly approach enables site-selective chemical reactions that can bring on-water surface synthesis to the forefront of modern organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Prasoon
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mike Hambsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Bodesheim
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kejun Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angelica Zacarias
- Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Nguyen Ngan Nguyen
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Takakazu Seki
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aerzoo Dianat
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Croy
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737, Jena, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philippe Fontaine
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan C B Mannsfeld
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany.
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11
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Xu FF, Chen JQ, Shao DY, Huang PQ. Catalytic enantioselective reductive alkynylation of amides enables one-pot syntheses of pyrrolidine, piperidine and indolizidine alkaloids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6251. [PMID: 37803030 PMCID: PMC10558451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective in synthetic organic chemistry is to develop highly efficient, selective, and versatile synthetic methodologies, which are essential for discovering new drug candidates and agrochemicals. In this study, we present a unified strategy for a one-pot, catalytic enantioselective synthesis of α-alkyl and α,α'-dialkyl pyrrolidine, piperidine, and indolizidine alkaloids using readily available amides and alkynes. This synthesis is enabled by the identification and development of an Ir/Cu/N-PINAP catalyzed highly enantioselective and chemoselective reductive alkynylation of α-unbranched aliphatic amides, which serves as the key reaction. This reaction is combined with Pd-catalyzed tandem reactions in a one-pot approach, enabling the collective, catalytic enantioselective total syntheses of eight alkaloids and an anticancer antipode with 90-98% ee. The methodology's enantio-divergence is exemplified by the one-step access to either enantiomer of alkaloid bgugaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Quan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yang Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China.
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12
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Dutta L, Mondal A, Maurya JP, Mukhopadhyay D, Ramasastry SSV. Conceptual advances in nucleophilic organophosphine-promoted transformations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11045-11056. [PMID: 37656437 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03648k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis by trivalent nucleophilic organophosphines has emerged as an essential tool in organic synthesis. Several new organic transformations promoted by phosphines substantiate and complement the existing synthetic chemistry tools. Mere design of the substrate and reagent combinations has introduced new modes of reactivity patterns, which are otherwise difficult to achieve. These design considerations have led to the rapid build-up of complex molecular entities and laid a solid foundation to synthesise bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. This article presents an overview of some of the conceptual advances, including our contributions to nucleophilic organophosphine chemistry. The scope, limitations, mechanistic insights, and applications of these metal-free transformations are discussed elaborately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lona Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Atanu Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Jay Prakash Maurya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Dipto Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - S S V Ramasastry
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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13
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Ma C, Shen J, Qu C, Shao T, Cao S, Yin Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Enantioselective Chemodivergent Three-Component Radical Tandem Reactions through Asymmetric Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20141-20148. [PMID: 37639692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemodivergent synthesis has been achieved in asymmetric photocatalysis. Under a dual catalyst system consisting of a chiral phosphoric acid and DPZ as a photosensitizer, different inorganic bases enabled the formation of two sets of valuable products from the three-component radical tandem transformations of 2-bromo-1-arylenthan-1-ones, styrenes, and quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones. The key to success was the distinct pKa environment, in which the radicals that formed on the quinoxalin-2(1H)-one rings after two radical addition processes underwent either single-electron oxidation or single-electron reduction. In addition, this work represents the first use of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in asymmetric photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorui Ma
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Shen
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chaofan Qu
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Tianju Shao
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Yin
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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14
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Angyal P, Hegedüs K, Mészáros BB, Daru J, Dudás Á, Galambos AR, Essmat N, Al-Khrasani M, Varga S, Soós T. Total Synthesis and Structural Plasticity of Kratom Pseudoindoxyl Metabolites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303700. [PMID: 37332089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, a kratom metabolite, has attracted increasing attention due to its favorable side effect profile as compared to conventional opioids. Herein, we describe the first enantioselective and scalable total synthesis of this natural product and its epimeric congener, speciogynine pseudoindoxyl. The characteristic spiro-5-5-6-tricyclic system of these alkaloids was formed through a protecting-group-free cascade relay process in which oxidized tryptamine and secologanin analogues were used. Furthermore, we discovered that mitragynine pseudoindoxyl acts not as a single molecular entity but as a dynamic ensemble of stereoisomers in protic environments; thus, it exhibits structural plasticity in biological systems. Accordingly, these synthetic, structural, and biological studies provide a basis for the planned design of mitragynine pseudoindoxyl analogues, which can guide the development of next-generation analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Angyal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Hegedüs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Balázs Mészáros
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Daru
- Department of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dudás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Rita Galambos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nariman Essmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Varga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Pavlović RZ, Kop TJ, Nešić M, Stepanović O, Wang X, Todorović N, Rodić MV, Šmit BM. On the Selectivity in the Synthesis of 3-Fluoropiperidines Using BF 3-Activated Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37449517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated piperidines find wide applications, most notably in the development of novel therapies and agrochemicals. Cyclization of alkenyl N-tosylamides promoted by BF3-activated aryliodine(III) carboxylates is an attractive strategy to construct 3-fluoropiperidines, but it suffers from selectivity issues arising from competitive oxoaminations and the inability to easily modulate the reactions diastereoselectivity. Herein, we report an itemized optimization of the reaction conditions carried out on both cyclic and acyclic substrates and outline the origins of substrate- and reagent-based stereo-, regio-, and chemoselectivity. Extensive mechanistic studies encompassing multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, deuterium labeling, rearrangements on stereodefined substrates, and careful structural analyses (NMR and X-ray) of the reaction products are performed. This revealed the processes and interactions crucial for achieving controlled preparation of 3-fluoropiperidines using I(III) chemistry and has provided an advanced understanding of the reaction mechanism. In brief, we propose that BF3-coordinated I(III) reagents attack C═C to produce the corresponding iodiranium(III) ion, which then undergoes diastereodetermining 5-exo-cyclization. Transiently formed pyrrolidines with an exocyclic σ-alkyl-I(III) moiety can further undergo aziridinium ion formation or reductive ligand coupling processes, which dictate not only the final product's ring size but also the chemoselectivity. Importantly, the selectivity of the reaction depends on the nature of the ligand bound to I(III) and the presence of electrolytes such as TBABF4. Reported findings will facilitate the usage of ArI(III)-dicarboxylates in the reliable construction of fluorinated azaheterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Z Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Tatjana J Kop
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Marko Nešić
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Olivera Stepanović
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Xiuze Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nina Todorović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Marko V Rodić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Biljana M Šmit
- Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
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16
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Abstract
A concise total synthesis of the complex guanidinium toxin KB343 is reported traversing through an unusual sequence of chemoselective transformations and strategic skeletal reorganization. The absolute configuration is confirmed through an enantioselective route, and the structures of all key intermediates and the natural product itself are unassailably confirmed through X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla 92037, California, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla 92037, California, United States
| | - Chi He
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego 92121, California, United States
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla 92037, California, United States
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17
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Bai L, Fu B, Jiang X. A one-step gram-scale protocol for stereoselective domino dimerization to asperazine A analogs. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102114. [PMID: 36861828 PMCID: PMC9985029 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present an efficient protocol for stereoselective 4N-based domino dimerization in one single step, establishing a 22-membered library of asperazine A analogs. We describe steps for performing a gram-scale 2N-monomer to access the unsymmetrical 4N-dimer. We detail the synthesis of the desired dimer 3a as a yellow solid in 78% yield. This process demonstrates the 2-(iodomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate to be an iodine cation source. The protocol is limited to unprotected aniline of 2N-monomer. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bai et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Bei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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18
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Liu FC, Si MJ, Shi XR, Zhuang SY, Cai Q, Liu Y, Wu AX. Base-Controlled Synthesis of Fluorescent Acridone Derivatives via Formal (4 + 2) Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36780192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free formal (4 + 2) cycloaddition for the direct assembly of acridone derivatives has been developed from simple and easily accessible o-aminobenzamides and 2-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates. The base played an important role in the selective controlled synthesis of N-H and N-aryl acridones. A preliminary study on the fluorescence properties of N-aryl acridones demonstrated that they could be used as fluorescent materials with a broad emission range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Chuang Liu
- Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Si
- Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ru Shi
- Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yi Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Qun Cai
- Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.,School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, P. R. China
| | - An-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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19
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Saito T, Awad JM, Zhang W. Synthetic Studies on Tetracyclic Diquinane Lycopodium Alkaloids Magellanine, Magellaninone and Paniculatine. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031501. [PMID: 36771167 PMCID: PMC9920116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(-)-Magellanine, (+)-magellaninone, and (+)-paniculatine are three natural products isolated from the Lycopodium family that share a unique 6-5-5-6-fused tetracyclic diquinane core skeleton. Several members of this family have potent s anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory properties and are under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Several research groups have undertaken the formal and total syntheses of this class of natural products. This review highlights over 20 reported total syntheses of these three alkaloids and the development of synthetic methods for the assembly of their core skeletons.
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20
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Sarkar N, Kumar Sahoo R, Nembenna S. Aluminium-Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Esters and Epoxides to Alcohols: C-O Bond Activation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203023. [PMID: 36226774 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the molecular aluminium dihydride complex bearing an N, N'-chelated conjugated bis-guanidinate (CBG) ligand is used as a catalyst for reducing a wide range of aryl and alkyl esters with good tolerance of alkene (C=C), alkyne (C≡C), halides (Cl, Br, I and F), nitrile (C≡N), and nitro (NO2 ) functionalities. Further, we investigated the catalytic application of aluminium dihydride in the C-O bond cleavage of alkyl and aryl epoxides into corresponding branched Markovnikov ring-opening products. In addition, the chemoselective intermolecular reduction of esters over other reducible functional groups, such as amides and alkenes, has been established. Intermediates are isolated and characterized by NMR and HRMS studies, which confirm the probable catalytic cycles for the hydroboration of esters and epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Rajata Kumar Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
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21
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Pei C, Empel C, Koenigs RM. Photochemical Intermolecular Cyclopropanation Reactions of Allylic Alcohols for the Synthesis of [3.1.0]-Bicyclohexanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:169-173. [PMID: 36602193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropane-fused lactones are highly desirable in drug and natural products synthesis. Herein, we report on a photochemical, chemoselective reaction of aryldiazoacetates with allylic alcohols that furnishes cyclopropane-fused lactone skeletons efficiently in one step. The diastereoselectivity of the protocol was precisely controlled, and chemoselective cyclopropanation of allylic alcohols via free carbene intermediate followed by transesterification constitutes a series of bicyclic lactones in high yield without the formation of ether byproducts via typical O-H insertion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pei
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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22
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Dherange BD, Yuan M, Kelly CB, Reiher CA, Grosanu C, Berger KJ, Gutierrez O, Levin MD. Direct Deaminative Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17-24. [PMID: 36548788 PMCID: PMC10245626 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective functional group interconversions in complex molecular settings underpin many of the challenges facing modern organic synthesis. Currently, a privileged subset of functional groups dominates this landscape, while others, despite their abundance, are sorely underdeveloped. Amines epitomize this dichotomy; they are abundant but otherwise intransigent toward direct interconversion. Here, we report an approach that enables the direct conversion of amines to bromides, chlorides, iodides, phosphates, thioethers, and alcohols, the heart of which is a deaminative carbon-centered radical formation process using an anomeric amide reagent. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies demonstrate that successful deaminative functionalization relies not only on outcompeting the H-atom transfer to the incipient radical but also on the generation of polarity-matched, productive chain-carrying radicals that continue to react efficiently. The overall implications of this technology for interconverting amine libraries were evaluated via high-throughput parallel synthesis and applied in the development of one-pot diversification protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu D Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Christopher A Reiher
- Parallel Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Cristina Grosanu
- High Throughput Purification, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kathleen J Berger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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23
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Tang B, Liu Y, Lian Y, Liu H. Radical annulation using a radical reagent as a two-carbon unit. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9272-9281. [PMID: 36383141 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01833k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Radical annulation has emerged as one of the most efficient and straightforward methods for synthesizing cyclic/polycyclic compounds as the core structures can be constructed through a single procedure comprising multiple bond-forming steps. Particularly, radical annulation using a radical reagent as a cyclization partner and two-carbon unit greatly expands the diversity of cyclic skeletons and the functionality of radical reagents. We herein have highlighted the representative processes reported in the past decade for radical annulation using a radical reagent as a two-carbon unit, including [2 + 2 + 2], [3 + 2], [4 + 2], and [5 + 2] modes, with an emphasis on their reaction mechanisms. These studies not only pave the way toward annulation but also provide insight into the exploration of a new reaction mode for radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiao Tang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Yilin Liu
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Yan Lian
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Hongxin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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24
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Microwave Assisted Esterification of Aryl/Alkyl Acids Catalyzed by N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of the carbonyl group towards nucleophilic attack affords the construction of various organic compounds. Thus, investigations of carbonyl activation applying greener methodologies are highly important. In the present work, among the investigated N-halo compounds, N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSi) has been found as an efficient and selective catalyst in the reaction of direct esterification of aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids supported by microwave (MW) irradiation. The comprehensive esterification of different benzoic acids and mono-, di- and tri-carboxy alkyl derivatives was performed, whereby significant reaction time reductions were achieved. The presented method used NFSi as an easily manipulatable, non-metal, water- and air-tolerant catalyst, allowing simple synthetic and isolation procedures and energy saving, compared to conventional methodologies. Importantly, in contrast to esterification under thermal conditions, where N-halo compounds behave as pre-catalysts, in the MW-supported protocol, a distinct reaction mechanism has been proposed that assumes NFSi as a sustainable catalyst. Moreover, a scale-up of the industrially important derivative was performed.
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25
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Ramsperger CA, Tufts NQ, Yadav AK, Lessard JM, Stylianou KC. Sustainable and Chemoselective Synthesis of α-Aminonitriles Using Lewis and Brønsted Acid-Functionalized Nanoconfined Spaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49957-49964. [PMID: 36300358 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
α-Aminonitriles are significant components in the synthesis of biological compounds and complex drugs. Although efficient, procedures for synthesizing α-aminonitriles suffer from high loadings of expensive catalysts, long reaction times, energy-intensive conditions, and expensive, toxic solvents. Herein, we report the use of metal-organic framework Cr-MIL-101-SO3H as a catalyst for the facile synthesis of eight α-aminonitriles, five of which are reported as new molecules. We found that the presence of both open Cr3+ Lewis and -SO3H Brønsted acids in the MIL-101 pores is vital for the one-pot synthesis of α-aminonitriles. The catalytic reaction is conducted under solvent-free conditions at room temperature and a Cr-MIL-101-SO3H loading of 1% by the total mass, which is considered a sustainable synthetic pathway of α-aminonitriles. Additionally, we demonstrated for the first time that Cr-MIL-101-SO3H exhibits a high degree of catalytic chemoselectivity, differing substrates with sterically hindered and electronically withdrawn functional groups. Our study expands the existing family of α-aminonitriles and provides an intelligent strategy for the development of catalysts that can be used to synthesize functional α-aminonitriles with potential in therapeutics and health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe A Ramsperger
- Materials Discovery Laboratory (MaD Lab), Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Noah Q Tufts
- Materials Discovery Laboratory (MaD Lab), Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ankit K Yadav
- Materials Discovery Laboratory (MaD Lab), Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jacob M Lessard
- Materials Discovery Laboratory (MaD Lab), Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Kyriakos C Stylianou
- Materials Discovery Laboratory (MaD Lab), Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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26
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Hui C, Craggs L, Antonchick AP. Ring contraction in synthesis of functionalized carbocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8652-8675. [PMID: 36172989 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbocycles are a key and widely present structural motif in organic compounds. The construction of structurally intriguing carbocycles, such as highly-strained fused rings, spirocycles or highly-functionalized carbocycles with congested stereocenters, remains challenging in organic chemistry. Cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes within such carbocycles can be synthesized through ring contraction. These ring contractions involve re-arrangement of and/or small molecule extrusion from a parental ring, which is either a carbocycle or a heterocycle of larger size. This review provides an overview of synthetic methods for ring contractions to form cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes en route to structurally intriguing carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luke Craggs
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.,Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
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27
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Golla S, Kokatla HP. Rongalite-Mediated Transition Metal- and Hydride-Free Chemoselective Reduction of α-Keto Esters and α-Keto Amides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9915-9925. [PMID: 35839148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal- and hydride-free protocol has been developed for the chemoselective reduction of α-keto esters and α-keto amides using rongalite as a reducing agent. Here, rongalite acts as a hydride-free reducing agent via a radical mechanism. This protocol offers the synthesis of a wide range of α-hydroxy esters and α-hydroxy amides with 85-98% yields. This chemoselective method is compatible with other reducible functionalities such as halides, alkenes, amides, and nitriles. The use of inexpensive rongalite (ca. $0.03/1 g), mild reaction conditions, and gram-scale synthesis are some of the key features of this methodology. Also, cyclandelate, a vasodilator drug, has been synthesized in gram scale with 79% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaparwathi Golla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Hari Prasad Kokatla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
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28
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Chen G, Cai X, Zhang X, Fan X. Condition-Dependent Selective Synthesis of Indolo[1,2- c]quinazolines and Indolo[3,2- c]quinolines from 2-(1 H-Indol-2-yl)anilines and Sulfoxonium Ylides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9815-9828. [PMID: 35839292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a selective synthesis of indolo[1,2-c]quinazolines and indolo[3,2-c]quinolines through the cascade reactions of 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)anilines with sulfoxonium ylides is presented. The formation of products involves the generation of a carbene species from sulfoxonium ylide and its N-H bond insertion reaction with 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)aniline followed by deoxygenative imine formation, intramolecular N- or C- nucleophilic addition and deoxygenative aromatization. This switchable synthesis was condition-dependent. In the presence of K2CO3 in CH3CN, the reaction mainly furnished indolo[1,2-c]quinazolines. In the presence of HOAc in dioxane, it selectively afforded indolo[3,2-c]quinolines. In addition, direct C-H/N-H functionalization of the products obtained provides a convenient and direct access to polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds. These novel protocols have advantages such as readily accessible substrates, easily tunable selectivity, good compatibility with diverse functional groups, and the use of air as a cost-free and sustainable oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinyuan Cai
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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29
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Lv L, Qian H, Crowell AB, Chen S, Li Z. Pd/NHC-Controlled Regiodivergent Defluorinative Allylation of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes with Allylboronates. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Anna B. Crowell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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30
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Khuntia AP, Sarkar N, Patro AG, Sahoo RK, Nembenna S. Germanium Hydride Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration and Cyanosilylation of Ketones. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwesh Prasad Khuntia
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Nabin Sarkar
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences INDIA
| | - A Ganesh Patro
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Rajata Kumar Sahoo
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) School of Chemical Sciences Jatni CampusNISER, BhubaneswarINDIA 752050 Bhubaneswar INDIA
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31
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Sarkar N, Sahoo RK, Mukhopadhyay S, Nembenna S. Organoaluminum Cation Catalyzed Selective Hydrosilylation of Carbonyls, Alkenes, and Alkyne. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Sarkar
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Rajata Kumar Sahoo
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Sayantan Mukhopadhyay
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) School of Chemical Sciences Jatni CampusNISER, BhubaneswarINDIA 752050 Bhubaneswar INDIA
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32
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Jiao M, Wang Z, Zhang B, Chen BZ. [2+2] Cycloaddition or β-hydrogen elimination?—a DFT study of the reactions of propylene catalyzed by (PDI)Fe-metallacycle. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05646h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the chemoselectivity of [2+2] cycloaddition reactions catalyzed by different (PDI)Fe-metallacycles is due to the different groups (N2 or CH3) coordinated with the Fe metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Jiao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zichen Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Zhen Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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33
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Majethia GN, Haq W, Balendiran GK. Chemoselective Reduction of Fenofibric Acid to Alcohol in the Presence of Ketone by Mixed Anhydride and Sodium Borohydride. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 12:116-125. [PMID: 35919104 PMCID: PMC9328401 DOI: 10.4236/ijoc.2022.122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient and facile protocol for the selective reduction of carboxylic acid of Fenofibric acid to corresponding alcohol was developed. The selective reduction was carried out by activation of carboxylic acid by mixed anhydride followed by the reaction of sodium borohydride in presence of methanol. This is the first example of chemoselective reduction of carboxylic acid to alcohol in presence of a ketone without any external catalyst or ligand in a single step. The reaction offers wide applicability for the selective carboxylic group reduction methodology. The chemoselective reduction was demonstrated by the reduction of Fenofibric acid, an active metabolite of the drug Fenofibrate, to corresponding alcohol in excellent selectivity, yield, and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greesha N Majethia
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, USA
| | - Wahajul Haq
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, USA
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34
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Lv L, Qian H, Ma Y, Huang S, Yan X, Li Z. Ligand-controlled regioselective and chemodivergent defluorinative functionalization of gem-difluorocyclopropanes with simple ketones. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15511-15518. [PMID: 35003579 PMCID: PMC8654029 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating the reaction selectivity is highly attractive and pivotal to the rational design of synthetic regimes. The defluorinative functionalization of gem-difluorocyclopropanes constitutes a promising route to construct β-vinyl fluorine scaffolds, whereas chemo- and regioselective access to α-substitution patterns remains a formidable challenge. Presented herein is a robust Pd/NHC ligand synergistic strategy that could enable the C-F bond functionalization with exclusive α-regioselectivity with simple ketones. The key design adopted enolates as π-conjugated ambident nucleophiles that undergo inner-sphere 3,3'-reductive elimination warranted by the sterically hindered-yet-flexible Pd-PEPPSI complex. The excellent branched mono-defluorinative alkylation was achieved with a sterically highly demanding IHept ligand, while subtly less bulky SIPr acted as a bifunctional ligand that not only facilitated α-selective C(sp3)-F cleavage, but also rendered the newly-formed C(sp2)-F bond as the linchpin for subsequent C-O bond formation. These examples represented an unprecedented ligand-controlled regioselective and chemodivergent approach to various mono-fluorinated terminal alkenes and/or furans from the same readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
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35
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Ashikari Y, Tamaki T, Kawaguchi T, Furusawa M, Yonekura Y, Ishikawa S, Takahashi Y, Aizawa Y, Nagaki A. Switchable Chemoselectivity of Reactive Intermediates Formation and Their Direct Use in A Flow Microreactor. Chemistry 2021; 27:16107-16111. [PMID: 34549843 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A chemoselectivity switchable microflow reaction was developed to generate reactive and unstable intermediates. The switchable chemoselectivity of this reaction enables a selection for one of two different intermediates, an aryllithium or a benzyl lithium, at will from the same starting material. Starting from bromo-substituted styrenes, the aryllithium intermediates were converted to the substituted styrenes, whereas the benzyl lithium intermediates were engaged in an anionic polymerization. These chemoselectivity-switchable reactions can be integrated to produce polymers that cannot be formed during typical polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawaguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Mai Furusawa
- TOHO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2931, Urago-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0062, Japan
| | - Yuya Yonekura
- TOHO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2931, Urago-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0062, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Aizawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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36
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Amino acid-assisted ferrite/MOF composite formation for visible-light induced photocatalytic cascade C=C aerobic oxidative cleavage functionalization. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Kawamata Y, Hayashi K, Carlson E, Shaji S, Waldmann D, Simmons BJ, Edwards JT, Zapf CW, Saito M, Baran PS. Chemoselective Electrosynthesis Using Rapid Alternating Polarity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16580-16588. [PMID: 34596395 PMCID: PMC8711284 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Challenges in the selective manipulation of functional groups (chemoselectivity) in organic synthesis have historically been overcome either by using reagents/catalysts that tunably interact with a substrate or through modification to shield undesired sites of reactivity (protecting groups). Although electrochemistry offers precise redox control to achieve unique chemoselectivity, this approach often becomes challenging in the presence of multiple redox-active functionalities. Historically, electrosynthesis has been performed almost solely by using direct current (DC). In contrast, applying alternating current (AC) has been known to change reaction outcomes considerably on an analytical scale but has rarely been strategically exploited for use in complex preparative organic synthesis. Here we show how a square waveform employed to deliver electric current-rapid alternating polarity (rAP)-enables control over reaction outcomes in the chemoselective reduction of carbonyl compounds, one of the most widely used reaction manifolds. The reactivity observed cannot be recapitulated using DC electrolysis or chemical reagents. The synthetic value brought by this new method for controlling chemoselectivity is vividly demonstrated in the context of classical reactivity problems such as chiral auxiliary removal and cutting-edge medicinal chemistry topics such as the synthesis of PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kyohei Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ethan Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shobin Shaji
- IKA Works, Inc., 3550 General Atomics Court, MS G02/321, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dirk Waldmann
- IKA Works, Inc., 3550 General Atomics Court, MS G02/321, San Diego, California 92121, United States
- IKA-Werke GmbH & Co. KG Janke & Kunkel-Straße 10, Staufen 79219, Germany
| | - Bryan J Simmons
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacob T Edwards
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christoph W Zapf
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Masato Saito
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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38
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Zhang Y, Sun YK, Chang YP, Shao H, Zhao YM. Palladium-catalyzed cascade carbonylative annulation between alkene-tethered aryl iodides and carbon monoxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7023-7026. [PMID: 34165470 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02217b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid construction of molecules bearing all-substituted quaternary stereocenters represents a highly significant but challenging task in organic synthesis. Herein, we report a novel palladium-catalyzed cascade between alkene-tethered aryl iodides and carbon monoxide, which has resulted in a practical and powerful method for the synthesis of complex polycyclic molecules containing aryl-substituted quaternary stereocenters. Mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction proceeded via a Heck-type carbonylative cyclization, followed by a ketene-involved Friedel-Crafts acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Ya-Kui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Chang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Hui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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39
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Shieh P, Hill MR, Zhang W, Kristufek SL, Johnson JA. Clip Chemistry: Diverse (Bio)(macro)molecular and Material Function through Breaking Covalent Bonds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7059-7121. [PMID: 33823111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the two decades since the introduction of the "click chemistry" concept, the toolbox of "click reactions" has continually expanded, enabling chemists, materials scientists, and biologists to rapidly and selectively build complexity for their applications of interest. Similarly, selective and efficient covalent bond breaking reactions have provided and will continue to provide transformative advances. Here, we review key examples and applications of efficient, selective covalent bond cleavage reactions, which we refer to herein as "clip reactions." The strategic application of clip reactions offers opportunities to tailor the compositions and structures of complex (bio)(macro)molecular systems with exquisite control. Working in concert, click chemistry and clip chemistry offer scientists and engineers powerful methods to address next-generation challenges across the chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Megan R Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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40
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Yazaki R. Development of Catalytic Reactions for Precise Control of Chemoselectivity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:516-525. [PMID: 34078797 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic chemoselective reactions of innately less reactive functionalities over more reactive functionalities are described. A cooperative catalyst comprising a soft Lewis acid/hard Brønsted base enabled chemoselective activation of a hydroxyl group over an amino group, allowing for nucleophilic addition to electron-deficient olefins. The reaction could be applicable for a variety of amino alcohols, including pharmaceuticals, without requiring a tedious protection-deprotection process. Chemoselective enolization and subsequent α-functionalization of carboxylic acid derivatives were also achieved by a redox active catalyst through the radical process, providing unnatural α-amino/hydroxy acid derivatives bearing a complex carbon framework and a diverse set of functionalities. The present chemoselective catalysis described herein offers new opportunities to expand the chemical space for innovative drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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41
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Coufourier S, Ndiaye D, Gaillard QG, Bettoni L, Joly N, Mbaye MD, Poater A, Gaillard S, Renaud JL. Iron-catalyzed chemoselective hydride transfer reactions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Tak RK, Amemiya F, Noda H, Shibasaki M. Generation and application of Cu-bound alkyl nitrenes for the catalyst-controlled synthesis of cyclic β-amino acids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7809-7817. [PMID: 34168835 PMCID: PMC8188474 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01419f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of saturated N-heterocycles as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry has led to the development of new methods to construct such nitrogen-containing cyclic frameworks. Despite the apparent strategic clarity, intramolecular C–H aminations with metallonitrenes have only sporadically been explored in this direction because of the intractability of the requisite alkyl nitrenes. Here, we report copper-catalysed intramolecular amination using an alkyl nitrene generated from substituted isoxazolidin-5-ones upon N–O bond cleavage. The copper catalysis exclusively aminates aromatic C(sp2)–H bonds among other potentially reactive groups, offering a solution to the chemoselectivity problem that has been troublesome with rhodium catalysis. A combined experimental and computational study suggested that the active species in the current cyclic β-amino acid synthesis is a dicopper alkyl nitrene, which follows a cyclisation pathway distinct from the analogous alkyl metallonitrene. Copper-catalysed conditions have been developed for the chemoselective synthesis of cyclic β-amino acids.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Tak
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Fuyuki Amemiya
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
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43
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Dong K, Zheng H, Su Y, Humeidi A, Arman H, Xu X, Doyle MP. Catalyst-Directed Divergent Catalytic Approaches to Expand Structural and Functional Scaffold Diversity via Metallo-Enolcarbene Intermediates. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Yongliang Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ahmad Humeidi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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44
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Nicholson K, Langer T, Thomas SP. Borane-Catalyzed, Chemoselective Reduction and Hydrofunctionalization of Enones Enabled by B-O Transborylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:2498-2504. [PMID: 33724859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of stoichiometric organoborane reductants in organic synthesis is well established. Here these reagents have been rendered catalytic through an isodesmic B-O/B-H transborylation applied in the borane-catalyzed, chemoselective alkene reduction and formal hydrofunctionalization of enones. The reaction was found to proceed by a 1,4-hydroboration of the enone and B-O/B-H transborylation with HBpin, enabling catalyst turnover. Single-turnover and isotopic labeling experiments supported the proposed mechanism of catalysis with 1,4-hydroboration and B-O/B-H transborylation as key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Nicholson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Langer
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Chemicals Development U.K., AstraZeneca, Silk Road, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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45
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Knight BJ, Tolchin ZA, Smith JM. A predictive model for additions to N-alkyl pyridiniums. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2693-2696. [PMID: 33595047 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Disclosed in this communication is a thorough study on the dearomative addition of organomagnesium nucleophiles to N-alkyl pyridinium electrophiles. The regiochemical outcomes have observable and predictable trends associated with the substituent patterns on the pyridinium electrophile. Often, the substituent effects can be either additive, giving high selectivities, or ablative, giving competing outcomes. Additionally, the nature of the organometallic nucleophilic component was also investigated for its role in the regioselective outcome. The effects of either reactive component are important to both the overall reactivity and site of nucleophilic addition. The utility of these observed trends is demonstrated in a concise, dearomative synthesis of a tricyclic compound shown to have insecticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Knight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Zachary A Tolchin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Joel M Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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46
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Herath AK, Lovely CJ. Pyrrole carboxamide introduction in the total synthesis of pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2603-2621. [PMID: 33683231 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review various strategies for the incorporation of the signature pyrrole carboxamide moiety in the total syntheses of pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids (PIA) are discussed. These so-called oroidin alkaloids have a broad range of biological activities and display interesting skeletal diversity and complexity. These alkaloids are sponge-derived secondary metabolites and thus far more than 200 members of the PIA family have been isolated over the past few decades. Methods range from classical amide bond forming processes to non-traditional bond formation including the de novo synthesis of the pyrrole itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apsara K Herath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
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47
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An JH, Kim KD, Lee JH. Highly Chemoselective Deoxygenation of N-Heterocyclic N-Oxides Using Hantzsch Esters as Mild Reducing Agents. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2876-2894. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyeon An
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju Campus, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Dong Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju Campus, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju Campus, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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48
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Wang M, Yang Y, Yin L, Feng Y, Li Y. Selective Synthesis of Pyrano[3,2- b]indoles or Cyclopenta[ b]indoles Tethered with Medium-Sized Rings via Cascade C-C σ-Bond Cleavage and C-H Functionalization. J Org Chem 2021; 86:683-692. [PMID: 33350835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly atom-economical tandem reactions have been developed for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-b]indoles or cyclopenta[b]indoles tethered with 7-, 8-, or 9-membered rings. These reactions first undergo a carbon-carbon σ-bond cleavage reaction of cyclic β-ketoesters. Next, in the presence of CuCl2 and Ag2CO3, intramolecular O-H/C-H coupling occurs to give pyrano[3,2-b]indoles. This is the first example for capture of the enoloxyl radical of the intramolecular C-O bond formation reaction, whereas C3 nucleophilic addition afforded cyclopenta[b]indoles using TsOH·H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liqiang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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49
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Golding WA, Schmitt HL, Phipps RJ. Systematic Variation of Ligand and Cation Parameters Enables Site-Selective C-C and C-N Cross-Coupling of Multiply Chlorinated Arenes through Substrate-Ligand Electrostatic Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21891-21898. [PMID: 33332114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Use of attractive noncovalent interactions between ligand and substrate is an emerging strategy for controlling positional selectivity. A key question relates to whether fine control on molecules with multiple, closely spaced reactive positions is achievable using typically less directional electrostatic interactions. Herein, we apply a 10-piece "toolkit" comprising of two closely related sulfonated phosphine ligands and five bases, each possessing varying cation size, to the challenge of site-selective cross-coupling of multiply chlorinated arenes. The fine tuning provided by these ligand/base combinations is effective for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling on a range of isomeric dichlorinated and trichlorinated arenes, substrates that would produce intractable mixtures when typical ligands are used. This study develops a practical solution for site-selective cross-coupling to generate complex, highly substituted arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Golding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik L Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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50
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Soda Y, Sugiyama Y, Yoritate M, Tajima H, Shibuya K, Ogihara C, Oishi T, Sato T, Chida N. Unified Total Synthesis of Pentacyclic Stemoamide-type Alkaloids. Org Lett 2020; 22:7502-7507. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Soda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoritate
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hayato Tajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kana Shibuya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Chisato Ogihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oishi
- School of Medicine, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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