1
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Ou L, Gulla K, Biju A, Biner DW, Bylund T, Changela A, Chen SJ, Zheng CY, Cibelli N, Corrigan AR, Duan H, Gonelli CA, Kong WP, Cheng C, O’Dell S, Sarfo EK, Shaddeau A, Wang S, Vinitsky A, Yang Y, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Koup RA, Doria-Rose NA, Gall JG, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Assessment of Crosslinkers between Peptide Antigen and Carrier Protein for Fusion Peptide-Directed Vaccines against HIV-1. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111916. [PMID: 36423012 PMCID: PMC9698951 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugate-vaccine immunogens require three components: a carrier protein, an antigen, and a crosslinker, capable of coupling antigen to carrier protein, while preserving both T-cell responses from carrier protein and B-cell responses from antigen. We previously showed that the N-terminal eight residues of the HIV-1 fusion peptide (FP8) as an antigen could prime for broad cross-clade neutralizing responses, that recombinant heavy chain of tetanus toxin (rTTHC) as a carrier protein provided optimal responses, and that choice of crosslinker could impact both antigenicity and immunogenicity. Here, we delve more deeply into the impact of varying the linker between FP8 and rTTHC. In specific, we assessed the physical properties, the antigenicity, and the immunogenicity of conjugates for crosslinkers ranging in spacer-arm length from 1.5 to 95.2 Å, with varying hydrophobicity and crosslinking-functional groups. Conjugates coupled with different degrees of multimerization and peptide-to-rTTHC stoichiometry, but all were well recognized by HIV-fusion-peptide-directed antibodies VRC34.01, VRC34.05, PGT151, and ACS202 except for the conjugate with the longest linker (24-PEGylated SMCC; SM(PEG)24), which had lower affinity for ACS202, as did the conjugate with the shortest linker (succinimidyl iodoacetate; SIA), which also had the lowest peptide-to-rTTHC stoichiometry. Murine immunizations testing seven FP8-rTTHC conjugates elicited fusion-peptide-directed antibody responses, with SIA- and SM(PEG)24-linked conjugates eliciting lower responses than the other five conjugates. After boosting with prefusion-closed envelope trimers from strains BG505 clade A and consensus clade C, trimer-directed antibody-binding responses were lower for the SIA-linked conjugate; elicited neutralizing responses were similar, however, though statistically lower for the SM(PEG)24-linked conjugate, when tested against a strain especially sensitive to fusion-peptide-directed responses. Overall, correlation analyses revealed the immunogenicity of FP8-rTTHC conjugates to be negatively impacted by hydrophilicity and extremes of length or low peptide-carrier stoichiometry, but robust to other linker parameters, with several commonly used crosslinkers yielding statistically indistinguishable serological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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3
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Donahue TC, Zong G, O'Brien NA, Ou C, Gildersleeve JC, Wang LX. Synthesis and Immunological Study of N-Glycan-Bacteriophage Qβ Conjugates Reveal Dominant Antibody Responses to the Conserved Chitobiose Core. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1350-1362. [PMID: 35687881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-Glycosylation plays an important role in many biological recognition processes. However, very few N-glycan-specific antibodies are available for functional studies and potentially for therapeutic development. In this study, we sought to synthesize bacteriophage Qβ conjugates with representative N-glycans and investigate their immunogenicity for raising N-glycan-specific antibodies. An array of Qβ glycoconjugates bearing five different human N-glycans and two different chemical linkers were synthesized, and the immunization of the N-glycan-Qβ conjugates was performed in mice. We found that the N-glycan-Qβ conjugates raised significant IgG antibodies that recognize N-glycans, but, surprisingly, most of the glycan-dependent antibodies were directed to the shared chitobiose core and were nonspecific for respective N-glycan structures. The linker chemistry was found to affect antibody specificity with adipic acid-linked N-glycan-Qβ immunogens raising antibodies capable of recognizing both the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties of the chitobiose core. In contrast, antibodies raised by N-glycan-Qβ immunogens with a triazole linker preferentially recognized the innermost N-acetylglucosamine moiety at the reducing end. We also found that sialylation of the N-glycans significantly suppressed the immune response. Furthermore, the N-glycan-Qβ immunogens with an adipic acid linker elicited higher glycan-specific antibody titers than the N-glycan-triazole-Qβ immunogens. These findings delineate several challenges in eliciting mammalian N-glycan-specific antibodies through the conventional glycoconjugate vaccine design and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Donahue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Nicholas A O'Brien
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Chong Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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4
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Liu CC, Huo CX, Zhai C, Zheng XJ, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of Pentamannose-Based HIV-1 Vaccine Candidates. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:807-820. [PMID: 35470665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dense glycosylation and the trimeric conformation of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein limit the accessibility of some cellular glycan processing enzymes and end up with high-mannose-type N-linked glycans on the envelope spike, among which the Man5GlcNAc2 structure occupies a certain proportion. The Man5GlcNAc2 glycan composes the binding sites of some potent broadly neutralizing antibodies, and some lectins that can bind Man5GlcNAc2 show HIV-neutralizing activity. Therefore, Man5GlcNAc2 is a potential target for HIV-1 vaccine development. Herein, a highly convergent and effective strategy was developed for the synthesis of Man5 and its monofluoro-modified, trifluoro-modified, and S-linked analogues. We coupled these haptens to carrier protein CRM197 and evaluated the immunogenicity of the glycoconjugates in mice. The serological assays showed that the native Man5 conjugates failed to induce Man5-specific antibodies in vivo, while the modified analogue conjugates induced stronger antibody responses. However, these antibodies could not bind the native gp120 antigen. These results demonstrated that the immune tolerance mechanism suppressed the immune responses to Man5-related structures and the conformation of glycan epitopes on the synthesized glycoconjugates was distinct from that of native glycan epitopes on gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chang-Xin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Canjia Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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5
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Cattin M, Bruxelle JF, Ng K, Blaukopf M, Pantophlet R, Kosma P. Synthetic neoglycoconjugates of hepta- and nonamannoside ligands for eliciting oligomannose-specific HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200061. [PMID: 35104013 PMCID: PMC9108342 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oligomannose-type glycans on the spike protein of HIV-1 constitute relevant epitopes to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Herein we describe an improved synthesis of α- and β-linked hepta- and nonamannosyl ligands that, subsequently, were converted into BSA and CRM 197 neoglycoconjugates. We assembled the ligands from anomeric 3-azidopropyl spacer glycosides from select 3-O-protected thiocresyl mannoside donors. Chain extensions were achieved using 4+3 or 4+5 block synthesis of thiocresyl and trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors. Subsequent global deprotection generated the 3-aminopropyl oligosaccharide ligands. ELISA binding data obtained with the β-anomeric hepta- and nonamannosyl conjugates with a selection of HIV-1 bnAbs showed comparable binding of both mannosyl ligands by Fab fragments yet lesser binding of the nonasaccharide conjugate by the corresponding IgG antibodies. These results support previous observations that a complete Man 9 structure might not be the preferred antigenic binding motif for some oligomannose-specific antibodies and have implications for glycoside designs to elicit oligomannose-targeted HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cattin
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences: Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien, Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, A 1190, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - Jean-François Bruxelle
- Simon Fraser University Faculty of Health Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, CANADA
| | - Kurtis Ng
- Simon Fraser University Faculty of Health Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, CANADA
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna: Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien, Chemistry, AUSTRIA
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Simon Fraser University Faculty of Health Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, CANADA
| | - Paul Kosma
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, A 1190, Vienna, AUSTRIA
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6
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Truong S, Mootoo DR. C-Glycosylcrotylboronates for the Synthesis of Glycomimetics. Org Lett 2021; 24:191-195. [PMID: 34958591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of E- and Z- isomers of a C- mannosyl crotylpinacolboronate via Ni-promoted reactions on an allylic acetate and a diene precursor, respectively, is described. The E- and Z- isomers reacted with 1,2-O-isopropylidene glyceraldehyde in the presence or absence of (R)- and (S)- TRIP catalysts, to give predominantly 3,4-anti and 3,4-syn crotylation products, respectively, with moderate to high facial selectivity. These products were transformed to biologically relevant C-manno-disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Truong
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - David R Mootoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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7
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Shivatare SS, Rachel Cheng TJ, Cheng YY, Shivatare VS, Tsai TI, Chuang HY, Wu CY, Wong CH. Immunogenicity Evaluation of N-Glycans Recognized by HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2016-2025. [PMID: 34649433 PMCID: PMC8526942 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the improved treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is available, the development of an effective and safe prophylactic vaccine against HIV-1 is still an unrealized goal. Encouragingly, the discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) from HIV-1 positive patients that are capable of neutralizing a broad spectrum of HIV-1 isolates of various clades has accelerated the progress of vaccine development in the past few years. Some of these bNAbs recognize the N-glycans on the viral surface gp120 glycoprotein. We have been interested in using the glycan epitopes recognized by bNAbs for the development of vaccines to elicit bNAb-like antibodies with broadly neutralizing activities. Toward this goal, we have identified novel hybrid-type structures with subnanomolar avidity toward several bNAbs including PG16, PGT121, PGT128-3C, 2G12, VRC13, VRC-PG05, VRC26.25, VRC26.09, PGDM1400, 35O22, and 10-1074. Here, we report the immunogenicity evaluation of a novel hybrid glycan conjugated to carrier DTCRM197, a nontoxic mutant of the diphtheria toxin, for immunization in mice. Our results indicated that the IgG response was mainly against the chitobiose motif with nonspecific binding to a panel of N-glycans with reducing end GlcNAc-GlcNAc (chitobiose) printed on the glass slides. However, the IgM response was mainly toward the reducing end GlcNAc moiety. We further used the glycoconjugates of Man3GlcNAc2, Man5GlcNAc2, and Man9GlcNAc2 glycans for immunization, and a similar specificity pattern was observed. These findings suggest that the immunogenicity of chitobiose may interfere with the outcome of N-glycan-based vaccines, and modification may be necessary to increase the immunogenicity of the entire N-glycan epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S. Shivatare
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ting-Jen Rachel Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Vidya S. Shivatare
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Tsung-I Tsai
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Hong-Yang Chuang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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8
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Redman RL, Krauss IJ. Directed Evolution of 2'-Fluoro-Modified, RNA-Supported Carbohydrate Clusters That Bind Tightly to HIV Antibody 2G12. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8565-8571. [PMID: 34096703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate binding proteins (CBPs) are attractive targets in medicine and biology. Multivalency, with several glycans binding to several binding pockets in the CBP, is important for high-affinity interactions. Herein, we describe a novel platform for design of multivalent carbohydrate cluster ligands by directed evolution, in which serum-stable 2'-fluoro modified RNA (F-RNA) backbones evolve to present the glycan in optimal clusters. We have validated this method by the selection of oligomannose (Man9) glycan clusters from a sequence pool of ∼1013 that bind to broadly neutralizing HIV antibody 2G12 with 13 to 36 nM affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Redman
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street MS 015, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Isaac J Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street MS 015, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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9
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Gurbanov R. Synthetic Polysaccharide‐Based Vaccines: Progress and Achievements. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119711414.ch31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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10
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Anderluh M, Berti F, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Chiodo F, Colombo C, Compostella F, Durlik K, Ferhati X, Holmdahl R, Jovanovic D, Kaca W, Lay L, Marinovic-Cincovic M, Marradi M, Ozil M, Polito L, Reina JJ, Reis CA, Sackstein R, Silipo A, Švajger U, Vaněk O, Yamamoto F, Richichi B, van Vliet SJ. Recent advances on smart glycoconjugate vaccines in infections and cancer. FEBS J 2021; 289:4251-4303. [PMID: 33934527 PMCID: PMC9542079 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements in biomedical research preventing death and morbidity in many infectious diseases through the induction of pathogen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Currently, no effective vaccines are available for pathogens with a highly variable antigenic load, such as the human immunodeficiency virus or to induce cellular T-cell immunity in the fight against cancer. The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has reinforced the relevance of designing smart therapeutic vaccine modalities to ensure public health. Indeed, academic and private companies have ongoing joint efforts to develop novel vaccine prototypes for this virus. Many pathogens are covered by a dense glycan-coat, which form an attractive target for vaccine development. Moreover, many tumor types are characterized by altered glycosylation profiles that are known as "tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens". Unfortunately, glycans do not provoke a vigorous immune response and generally serve as T-cell-independent antigens, not eliciting protective immunoglobulin G responses nor inducing immunological memory. A close and continuous crosstalk between glycochemists and glycoimmunologists is essential for the successful development of efficient immune modulators. It is clear that this is a key point for the discovery of novel approaches, which could significantly improve our understanding of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in development of vaccines against glycan epitopes to gain selective immune responses and to provide an overview on the role of different immunogenic constructs in improving glycovaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Durlik
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Xhenti Ferhati
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wieslaw Kaca
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Marinovic-Cincovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Musa Ozil
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Laura Polito
- National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Milan, Italy
| | - Josè Juan Reina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.,Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celso A Reis
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fumiichiro Yamamoto
- Immunohematology & Glycobiology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Bastida I, Fernández-Tejada A. Synthetic carbohydrate-based HIV-1 vaccines. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 35-36:45-56. [PMID: 33388127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An effective prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine is essential in order to contain the HIV/AIDS global pandemic. The discovery of different broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in the last decades has enabled the characterization of several minimal epitopes on the HIV envelope (Env) spike, including glycan-dependent fragments. Herein, we provide a brief overview of the progress made on the development of synthetic carbohydrate-based epitope mimics for the elicitation of bnAbs directed to certain regions on Env gp120 protein: the outer domain high-mannose cluster and the variable loops V1V2 and V3. We focus on the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of minimal immunogens and discuss key aspects towards the development of a successful protective vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Bastida
- Chemical Immunology Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48169 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48169 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 13, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
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12
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Masking terminal neo-epitopes of linear peptides through glycosylation favours immune responses towards core epitopes producing parental protein bound antibodies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18497. [PMID: 33116268 PMCID: PMC7595224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of hydrophobic peptides at one terminus effectively increases their water-solubility, and conjugation through the opposing end to a carrier protein, renders them more immunogenic. Moreover, the glycosylation minimizes antibody responses to potentially deleterious, non-productive terminal neo-epitope regions of the peptides, and consequently shifts peptide immunogenicity towards the core amino acid residues. As proof of concept, glycopeptide-protein conjugates related to influenza hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and the dimerization loop region of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), demonstrated a favorable production of core peptide specific antibodies as determined by ELISA studies. Furthermore, glycosylated Her2 peptide conjugate antisera were also shown to recognize full length Her2 protein by ELISA and at the cell surface through flow cytometry analysis. In contrast, unmasked peptide conjugates generated significant antibody populations that were specific to the terminal neo-epitope of the peptide immunogen that are notably absent in parental proteins. Antibodies generated in this manner to peptides in the dimerization loop of Her2 are also functional as demonstrated by the growth inhibition of Her2 expressing SKBR3 carcinoma cells. This method provides a technique to tailor-make epitope-specific antibodies that may facilitate vaccine, therapeutic and diagnostic antibody development.
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13
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Bruxelle JF, Kirilenko T, Qureshi Q, Lu N, Trattnig N, Kosma P, Pantophlet R. Serum alpha-mannosidase as an additional barrier to eliciting oligomannose-specific HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7582. [PMID: 32371950 PMCID: PMC7200719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomannose-type glycans on HIV-1 gp120 form a patch that is targeted by several broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and that therefore is of interest to vaccine design. However, attempts to elicit similar oligomannose-specific bnAbs by immunizing with oligomannosidic glycoconjugates have only been modestly successful so far. A common assumption is that eliciting oligomannose-specific bnAbs is hindered by B cell tolerance, resulting from the presented oligomannosides being sensed as self molecules. Here, we present data, along with existing scientific evidence, supporting an additional, or perhaps alternate, explanation: serum mannosidase trimming of the presented oligomannosides in vivo. Mannosidase trimming lessens the likelihood of eliciting antibodies with capacity to bind full-sized oligomannose, which typifies the binding mode of existing bnAbs to the oligomannose patch. The rapidity of the observed trimming suggests the need for immunization strategies and/or synthetic glycosides that readily avoid or resist mannosidase trimming upon immunization and can overcome possible tolerance restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bruxelle
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Tess Kirilenko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Quratulain Qureshi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Naiomi Lu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Nino Trattnig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-1190, Austria
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-1190, Austria
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada.
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14
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Li RJE, Hogervorst TP, Achilli S, Bruijns SC, Arnoldus T, Vivès C, Wong CC, Thépaut M, Meeuwenoord NJ, van den Elst H, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Filippov DV, van Vliet SJ, Fieschi F, Codée JDC, van Kooyk Y. Systematic Dual Targeting of Dendritic Cell C-Type Lectin Receptor DC-SIGN and TLR7 Using a Trifunctional Mannosylated Antigen. Front Chem 2019; 7:650. [PMID: 31637232 PMCID: PMC6787163 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important initiators of adaptive immunity, and they possess a multitude of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) to generate an adequate T cell mediated immunity against invading pathogens. PRR ligands are frequently conjugated to tumor-associated antigens in a vaccination strategy to enhance the immune response toward such antigens. One of these PPRs, DC-SIGN, a member of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family, has been extensively targeted with Lewis structures and mannose glycans, often presented in multivalent fashion. We synthesized a library of well-defined mannosides (mono-, di-, and tri-mannosides), based on known "high mannose" structures, that we presented in a systematically increasing number of copies (n = 1, 2, 3, or 6), allowing us to simultaneously study the effect of mannoside configuration and multivalency on DC-SIGN binding via Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and flow cytometry. Hexavalent presentation of the clusters showed the highest binding affinity, with the hexa-α1,2-di-mannoside being the most potent ligand. The four highest binding hexavalent mannoside structures were conjugated to a model melanoma gp100-peptide antigen and further equipped with a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-agonist as adjuvant for DC maturation, creating a trifunctional vaccine conjugate. Interestingly, DC-SIGN affinity of the mannoside clusters did not directly correlate with antigen presentation enhancing properties and the α1,2-di-mannoside cluster with the highest binding affinity in our library even hampered T cell activation. Overall, this systematic study has demonstrated that multivalent glycan presentation can improve DC-SIGN binding but enhanced binding cannot be directly translated into enhanced antigen presentation and the sole assessment of binding affinity is thus insufficient to determine further functional biological activity. Furthermore, we show that well-defined antigen conjugates combining two different PRR ligands can be generated in a modular fashion to increase the effectiveness of vaccine constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jun Eveline Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim P. Hogervorst
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Silvia Achilli
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Sven C. Bruijns
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim Arnoldus
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Corinne Vivès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Chung C. Wong
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Nico J. Meeuwenoord
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hans van den Elst
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gijs A. van der Marel
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sandra J. van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus subtype 1 (HIV-1) bind to its envelope glycoprotein (Env). Half of the molecular mass of Env is carbohydrate making it one of the most heavily glycosylated proteins known in nature. HIV-1 Env glycans are derived from the host and present a formidable challenge for host anti-glycan antibody induction. Anti-glycan antibody induction is challenging because anti-HIV-1 glycan antibodies should recognize Env antigen while not acquiring autoreactivity. Thus, the glycan network on HIV-1 Env is referred to as the glycan shield. Despite the challenges presented by immune recognition of host-derived glycans, neutralizing antibodies capable of binding the glycans on HIV-1 Env can be generated by the host immune system in the setting of HIV-1 infection. In particular, a cluster of high mannose glycans, including an N-linked glycan at position 332, form the high mannose patch and are targeted by a variety of broadly neutralizing antibodies. These high mannose patch-directed HIV-1 antibodies can be categorized into distinct categories based on their antibody paratope structure, neutralization activity, and glycan and peptide reactivity. Below we will compare and contrast each of these classes of HIV-1 glycan-dependent antibodies and describe vaccine design efforts to elicit each of these antibody types.
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16
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Nguyen DN, Xu B, Stanfield RL, Bailey JK, Horiya S, Temme JS, Leon DR, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Costello CE, Wilson IA, Krauss IJ. Oligomannose Glycopeptide Conjugates Elicit Antibodies Targeting the Glycan Core Rather than Its Extremities. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:237-249. [PMID: 30834312 PMCID: PMC6396197 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Up to ∼20% of HIV-infected individuals eventually develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), and many of these antibodies (∼40%) target a region of dense high-mannose glycosylation on gp120 of the HIV envelope protein, known as the "high-mannose patch" (HMP). Thus, there have been numerous attempts to develop glycoconjugate vaccine immunogens that structurally mimic the HMP and might elicit bnAbs targeting this conserved neutralization epitope. Herein, we report on the immunogenicity of glycopeptides, designed by in vitro selection, that bind tightly to anti-HMP antibody 2G12. By analyzing the fine carbohydrate specificity of rabbit antibodies elicited by these immunogens, we found that they differ from some natural human bnAbs, such as 2G12 and PGT128, in that they bind primarily to the core structures within the glycan, rather than to the Manα1 → 2Man termini (2G12) or to the whole glycan (PGT128). Antibody specificity for the glycan core may result from extensive serum mannosidase trimming of the immunogen in the vaccinated animals. This finding has broad implications for vaccine design aiming to target glycan-dependent HIV neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung N. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Bokai Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Robyn L. Stanfield
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs
Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Satoru Horiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - J. Sebastian Temme
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Deborah R. Leon
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Department
of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department
of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs
Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Isaac J. Krauss
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
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17
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Oldenkamp HF, Vela Ramirez JE, Peppas NA. Re-evaluating the importance of carbohydrates as regenerative biomaterials. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:1-12. [PMID: 30740237 PMCID: PMC6362819 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rby023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi F Oldenkamp
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Julia E Vela Ramirez
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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18
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Pfister HB, Kelly M, Qadri F, Ryan ET, Kováč P. Synthesis of glycocluster-containing conjugates for a vaccine against cholera. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4049-4060. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The glycocluster-containing conjugates for a vaccine against cholera showed immunoreactivity comparable to conventional conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meagan Kelly
- Division of infectious Diseases
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Boston
- USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr
- b)
- Dhaka
- Bangladesh
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Division of infectious Diseases
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Boston
- USA
- Department of Medicine
| | - Pavol Kováč
- NIDDK
- LBC
- National Institutes of Health
- Bethesda
- USA
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19
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Trattnig N, Mayrhofer P, Kunert R, Mach L, Pantophlet R, Kosma P. Comparative Antigenicity of Thiourea and Adipic Amide Linked Neoglycoconjugates Containing Modified Oligomannose Epitopes for the Carbohydrate-Specific anti-HIV Antibody 2G12. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:70-82. [PMID: 30525492 PMCID: PMC6340131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel neoglycoproteins containing oligomannosidic penta- and heptasaccharides as structural variants of oligomannose-type N-glycans found on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 have been prepared using different conjugation methods. Two series of synthetic ligands equipped with 3-aminopropyl spacer moieties and differing in the anomeric configuration of the reducing mannose residue were activated either as isothiocyanates or as adipic acid succinimidoyl esters and coupled to bovine serum albumin. Coupling efficiency for adipic acid connected neoglycoconjugates was better than for the thiourea-linked derivatives; the latter constructs, however, exhibited higher reactivity toward antibody 2G12, an HIV-neutralizing antibody with exquisite specificity for oligomannose-type glycans. 2G12 binding avidities for the conjugates, as determined by Bio-Layer Interferometry, were mostly higher for the β-linked ligands and, as expected, increased with the numbers of covalently linked glycans, leading to approximate KD values of 10 to 34 nM for optimized ligand-to-BSA ratios. A similar correlation was observed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, dendrimer-type ligands presenting trimeric oligomannose epitopes were generated by conversion of the amino-spacer group into a terminal azide, followed by triazole formation using "click chemistry". The severe steric bulk of the ligands, however, led to poor efficiency in the coupling step and no increased antibody binding by the resulting neoglycoconjugates, indicating that the low degree of substitution and the spatial orientation of the oligomannose epitopes within these trimeric ligands are not conducive to multivalent 2G12 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Simon Fraser University , 8888 University Drive , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A1S6 , Canada
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20
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Eradi P, Ghosh S, Andreana PR. Total Synthesis of Zwitterionic Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit from Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285/NCTC 9343 Capsular Polysaccharide PS A1 with Alternating Charges on Adjacent Monosaccharides. Org Lett 2018; 20:4526-4530. [PMID: 30015493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tetrasaccharide repeating unit of zwitterionic polysaccharide A1 (PS A1) from Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285/NCTC 9343 has been synthesized using a linear glycosylation approach. One key step includes an α(1,4)-stereoselective [2 + 1] glycosylation of a 2,4,6-trideoxy-2-acetamido-4-amino-d-Gal p (AAT) donor with a poorly reactive axial C4-OH disaccharide acceptor. Mild acid-mediated deacetylation and a challenging [3 + 1] glycosylation are also highlighted. The strategy is inclusive of a single-pot, three-step deprotection affording PS A1 with alternating charges on adjacent monosaccharide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradheep Eradi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Samir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Peter R Andreana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
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21
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Bagdonaite I, Vakhrushev SY, Joshi HJ, Wandall HH. Viral glycoproteomes: technologies for characterization and outlook for vaccine design. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3898-3920. [PMID: 29961944 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that surface proteins of most enveloped viruses are covered with glycans. It has furthermore been demonstrated that glycosylation is essential for propagation and immune evasion for many viruses. The recent development of high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques has enabled identification not only of the precise structures but also the positions of such post-translational modifications on viruses, revealing substantial differences in extent of glycosylation and glycan maturation for different classes of viruses. In-depth characterization of glycosylation and other post-translational modifications of viral envelope glycoproteins is essential for rational design of vaccines and antivirals. In this Review, we provide an overview of techniques used to address viral glycosylation and summarize information on glycosylation of enveloped viruses representing ongoing public health challenges. Furthermore, we discuss how knowledge on glycosylation can be translated to means to prevent and combat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Toonstra C, Wu L, Li C, Wang D, Wang LX. Top-Down Chemoenzymatic Approach to Synthesizing Diverse High-Mannose N-Glycans and Related Neoglycoproteins for Carbohydrate Microarray Analysis. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1911-1921. [PMID: 29738673 PMCID: PMC6013400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High-mannose-type N-glycans are an important component of neutralizing epitopes on HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. They also serve as signals for protein folding, trafficking, and degradation in protein quality control. A number of lectins and antibodies recognize high-mannose-type N-glycans, and glycan array technology has provided an avenue to probe these oligomannose-specific proteins. We describe in this paper a top-down chemoenzymatic approach to synthesize a library of high-mannose N-glycans and related neoglycoproteins for glycan microarray analysis. The method involves the sequential enzymatic trimming of two readily available natural N-glycans, the Man9GlcNAc2Asn prepared from soybean flour and the sialoglycopeptide (SGP) isolated from chicken egg yolks, coupled with chromatographic separation to obtain a collection of a full range of natural high-mannose N-glycans. The Asn-linked N-glycans were conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to provide neoglycoproteins containing the oligomannose moieties. The glycoepitopes displayed were characterized using an array of glycan-binding proteins, including the broadly virus-neutralizing agents, glycan-specific antibody 2G12, Galanthus nivalis lectin (GNA), and Narcissus pseudonarcissus lectin (NPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Toonstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lisa Wu
- Tumor Glycomics Laboratory, SRI International Biosciences Division, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Denong Wang
- Tumor Glycomics Laboratory, SRI International Biosciences Division, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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23
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Pifferi C, Berthet N, Renaudet O. Cyclopeptide scaffolds in carbohydrate-based synthetic vaccines. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:953-965. [PMID: 28275765 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopeptides have been recently used successfully as carriers for the multivalent presentation of carbohydrate and peptide antigens in immunotherapy. Beside their synthetic versatility, these scaffolds are indeed interesting due to their stability against enzyme degradation and low immunogenicity. This mini-review highlights the recent advances in the utilization of cyclopeptides to prepare fully synthetic vaccines prototypes against cancers and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pifferi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Nathalie Berthet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France. and Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
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24
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Yamazaki Y, Nambu Y, Ohmae M, Sugai M, Kimura S. Immune responses against Lewis Y tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen displayed densely on self-assembling nanocarriers. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8095-8105. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01955j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses against Lewis Y (LY) displayed at varying densities on the nanocarriers were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamazaki
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yukiko Nambu
- Division of Molecular Genetics
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences
- School of Medicine
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-1193
| | - Masashi Ohmae
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Manabu Sugai
- Division of Molecular Genetics
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences
- School of Medicine
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-1193
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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25
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Baek JY, Geissner A, Rathwell DCK, Meierhofer D, Pereira CL, Seeberger PH. A modular synthetic route to size-defined immunogenic Haemophilus influenzae b antigens is key to the identification of an octasaccharide lead vaccine candidate. Chem Sci 2017; 9:1279-1288. [PMID: 29675174 PMCID: PMC5887106 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04521b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine lead antigen was identified by the immunological evaluation of chemically precisely defined capsular polysaccharide repeating unit oligosaccharides.
The first glycoconjugate vaccine using isolated glycans was licensed to protect children from Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) infections. Subsequently, the first semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccine using a mixture of antigens derived by polymerization targeted the same pathogen. Still, a detailed understanding concerning the correlation between oligosaccharide chain length and the immune response towards the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP) capsular polysaccharide that surrounds Hib remains elusive. The design of semisynthetic and synthetic Hib vaccines critically depends on the identification of the minimally protective epitope. Here, we demonstrate that an octasaccharide antigen containing four repeating disaccharide units resembles PRP polysaccharide in terms of immunogenicity and recognition by anti-Hib antibodies. Key to this discovery was the development of a modular synthesis that enabled access to oligosaccharides up to decamers. Glycan arrays containing the synthetic oligosaccharides were used to analyze anti-PRP sera for antibodies. Conjugates of the synthetic antigens and the carrier protein CRM197, which is used in licensed vaccines, were employed in immunization studies in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Baek
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14476 Potsdam , Germany . ;
| | - A Geissner
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14476 Potsdam , Germany . ; .,Freie Universität Berlin , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - D C K Rathwell
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14476 Potsdam , Germany . ; .,Freie Universität Berlin , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - D Meierhofer
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG) , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - C L Pereira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14476 Potsdam , Germany . ;
| | - P H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14476 Potsdam , Germany . ; .,Freie Universität Berlin , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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Cai H, Orwenyo J, Giddens JP, Yang Q, Zhang R, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Wang LX. Synthetic Three-Component HIV-1 V3 Glycopeptide Immunogens Induce Glycan-Dependent Antibody Responses. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1513-1522.e4. [PMID: 29107699 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) responses against HIV-1 is a major goal for a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine. One approach is to design immunogens based on known broadly neutralizing epitopes. Here we report the design and synthesis of an HIV-1 glycopeptide immunogen derived from the V3 domain. We performed glycopeptide epitope mapping to determine the minimal glycopeptide sequence as the epitope of V3-glycan-specific bNAbs PGT128 and 10-1074. We further constructed a self-adjuvant three-component immunogen that consists of a 33-mer V3 glycopeptide epitope, a universal T helper epitope P30, and a lipopeptide (Pam3CSK4) that serves as a ligand of Toll-like receptor 2. Rabbit immunization revealed that the synthetic self-adjuvant glycopeptide could elicit substantial glycan-dependent antibodies that exhibited broader recognition of HIV-1 gp120s than the non-glycosylated V3 peptide. These results suggest that the self-adjuvant synthetic glycopeptides can serve as an important component to elicit glycan-specific antibodies in HIV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jared Orwenyo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - John P Giddens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Roushu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | | | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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27
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Behrens AJ, Seabright GE, Crispin M. Targeting Glycans of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins for Vaccine Design. CHEMICAL BIOLOGY OF GLYCOPROTEINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782623823-00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The surface of the envelope spike of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is covered with a dense array of glycans, which is sufficient to impede the host antibody response while maintaining a window for receptor recognition. The glycan density significantly exceeds that typically observed on self glycoproteins and is sufficiently high to disrupt the maturation process of glycans, from oligomannose- to complex-type glycosylation, that normally occurs during glycoprotein transit through the secretory system. It is notable that this generates a degree of homogeneity not seen in the highly mutated protein moiety. The conserved, close glycan packing and divergences from default glycan processing give a window for immune recognition. Encouragingly, in a subset of individuals, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have been isolated that recognize these features and are protective in passive-transfer models. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of the glycan shield of HIV and outline the strategies that are being pursued to elicit glycan-binding bNAbs by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Janina Behrens
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Gemma E. Seabright
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
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28
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Kushwaha D, Xu P, Kováč P. Carbohydrates as potentially versatile core subcarriers for multivalent immunogens. RSC Adv 2017; 7:7591-7603. [PMID: 28944050 PMCID: PMC5607872 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27181b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic multivalent glycoclusters that carry carbohydrate antigen epitopes have been recognized as promising candidates for the development of carbohydrate based vaccines. Here we describe a convergent strategy for the synthesis of conjugation-ready multivalent glycoclusters using sugars as versatile core subcarriers. d-Glucose and gentiobiose were converted into poly-alkyne functionalized cores which were then decorated with an azide bearing model ligand d-glucose using click chemistry, to form structurally well-defined tetra- and heptavalent glycoclusters. Each cluster was conjugated to a model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) by squaric acid chemistry. Carbohydrate clusters can be prepared in a variety of sizes and spatial arrangements by altering the structure and configuration of the core, depending on the mono-, or oligosaccharides used for their assembly. It is suggested that the use of carbohydrate as core subcarriers provides an opportunity to tailor the size and topology of antigens and modify multivalent presentation of immunogens in a way to optimize cluster effect for stronger immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kushwaha
- NIDDK, LBC, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815 (U.S.A.)
| | - Peng Xu
- NIDDK, LBC, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815 (U.S.A.)
| | - Pavol Kováč
- NIDDK, LBC, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815 (U.S.A.)
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29
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Ohmae M, Kojima M, Mihara K, Yamazaki Y, Hara I, Hara E, Kimura S. Reduced immune response to polymeric micelles coating sialic acids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4976-4982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Liu CC, Zhai C, Zheng XJ, Ye XS. Altering the Specificity of the Antibody Response to HIV gp120 with a Glycoconjugate Antigen. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1702-9. [PMID: 27088577 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Some conserved glycans on the HIV envelope protein are targets of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) of HIV. BnAbs provide a precise definition of broadly neutralizing epitopes on the envelope protein of HIV. These epitopes are promising for vaccine design. Many glycan-related antigens with high affinity to bnAbs have been tested as immunogens in vivo. However, it was found that no bnAb-like antibodies were induced. Vaccination with different immunogens containing the same neutralizing epitope may enhance the affinity maturation of antibodies which focus on the shared epitope. This combined immunization strategy showed great potential in peptide epitope-based vaccine design. However, it has not yet been explored on glycan-related epitopes to date. Herein, we take 2G12 as a model to validate this strategy on glycan-related epitopes. A high-affinity antigen of 2G12 was constructed by conjugating the D1 arm tetramannoside to bovine serum albumin. Then, the glycoconjugate was coimmunized with a recombinant gp120, which was expected to selectively benefit the induction of antibodies recognizing the neutralizing epitope of 2G12 on gp120. Mice were inoculated with the two antigens simultaneously or alternately to determine the suitable regimen for this strategy. The serological assays demonstrated that the antibody titers and subtypes responded to the whole gp120 were not improved, and the proportion of antibodies competitively bound to the 2G12 epitope was not enhanced significantly either. However, the coimmunized glycoconjugate selectively raised the proportion of antibodies recognizing D1 arm tetramannoside-related structures on gp120. These results provide important experience for the design of glycan-dependent bnAb-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Canjia Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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31
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Synthesis of AB4-type carbohydrate scaffolds as branching units in the glycosciences. Carbohydr Res 2016; 425:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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van der Put RMF, Kim TH, Guerreiro C, Thouron F, Hoogerhout P, Sansonetti PJ, Westdijk J, Stork M, Phalipon A, Mulard LA. A Synthetic Carbohydrate Conjugate Vaccine Candidate against Shigellosis: Improved Bioconjugation and Impact of Alum on Immunogenicity. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:883-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. F. van der Put
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75 724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- CNRS UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Guerreiro
- Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75 724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- CNRS UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Thouron
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75 724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, F75015 Paris, France
| | - Peter Hoogerhout
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe J. Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75 724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, F75015 Paris, France
| | - Janny Westdijk
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Stork
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Armelle Phalipon
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75 724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, F75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurence A. Mulard
- Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75 724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- CNRS UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
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33
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Wang Z, Qin C, Hu J, Guo X, Yin J. Recent advances in synthetic carbohydrate-based human immunodeficiency virus vaccines. Virol Sin 2016; 31:110-7. [PMID: 26992403 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-015-3691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is urgently needed to prevent HIV infection and progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). As glycosylation of viral proteins becomes better understood, carbohydrate-based antiviral vaccines against special viruses have attracted much attention. Significant efforts in carbohydrate synthesis and immunogenicity research have resulted in the development of multiple carbohydrate-based HIV vaccines. This review summarizes recent advances in synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines design strategies and the applications of these vaccines in the prevention of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chunjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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34
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Liu CC, Zheng XJ, Ye XS. Broadly Neutralizing Antibody-Guided Carbohydrate-Based HIV Vaccine Design: Challenges and Opportunities. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:357-62. [PMID: 26762799 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The HIV envelope (Env) is heavily glycosylated, facilitating the spread and survival of HIV in many ways. Some potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) such as 2G12, PG9, PG16, and PGTs can recognize the conserved glycan residues on Env. The bnAbs, which often emerge after many years of chronic infection, provide insight into the vulnerability of HIV and can therefore guide the design of vaccines. Many carbohydrate-conjugated vaccines have been designed to induce bnAb-like antibodies, but none have yet been successful. The low antigenicity of these vaccines is one possible explanation. New strategies have been applied to obtain high-affinity antigens of glycan-dependent and other bnAbs. However, when used as immunogens in vivo, high-affinity antigens are still insufficient in eliciting bnAb-like antibodies. bnAbs generally possess some unusual features and may therefore be suppressed by the host immune system. In view of this situation, some immunization regimens based on the affinity maturation of antibodies have been tested. Herein we summarize recent studies into the design of carbohydrate-based HIV vaccines and some valuable experiences gained in work with other bnAb-based HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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35
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Antibodies elicited by yeast glycoproteins recognize HIV-1 virions and potently neutralize virions with high mannose N-glycans. Vaccine 2015; 33:5140-7. [PMID: 26277072 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The glycan shield on the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) glycoprotein has drawn attention as a target for HIV-1 vaccine design given that an increasing number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) recognize epitopes entirely or partially comprised of high mannose type N-linked glycans. In an attempt to generate immunogens that target the glycan shield of HIV-1, we previously engineered a triple mutant (TM) strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that results in exclusive presentation of high mannose type N-glycans, and identified five TM yeast glycoproteins that support strong binding of 2G12, a bNAb that targets a cluster of high mannose glycans on the gp120 subunit of Env. Here, we further analyzed the antigenicity and immunogenicity of these proteins in inducing anti-HIV responses. Our study demonstrated that the 2G12-reactive TM yeast glycoproteins efficiently bound to recently identified bNAbs including PGT125-130 and PGT135 that recognize high mannose glycan-dependent epitopes. Immunization of rabbits with a single TM yeast glycoprotein (Gp38 or Pst1), when conjugated to a promiscuous T-cell epitope peptide and coadministered with a Toll-like receptor 2 agonist, induced glycan-specific HIV-1 Env cross-reactive antibodies. The immune sera bound to both synthetic mannose oligosaccharides and gp120 proteins from a broad range of HIV-1 strains. The purified antibodies recognized and captured virions that contain both complex- and high mannose-type of N-glycans, and potently neutralized virions from different HIV-1 clades but only when the virions were enforced to retain high mannose N-glycans. This study provides insights into the elicitation of anti-carbohydrate, HIV-1 Env-cross reactive antibodies with a heterologous glycoprotein and may have applications in the design and administration of immunogens that target the viral glycan shield for development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
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36
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Liu YF, Sun ZY, Chen PG, Huang ZH, Gao Y, Shi L, Zhao YF, Chen YX, Li YM. Glycopeptide Nanoconjugates Based on Multilayer Self-Assembly as an Antitumor Vaccine. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1439-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Yi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Pu-Guang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
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37
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Fernández-Tejada A, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Recent Developments in Synthetic Carbohydrate-Based Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Therapeutics. Chemistry 2015; 21:10616-28. [PMID: 26095198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are everywhere in biological systems, being involved in many cellular events with important implications for medical purposes. Building upon a detailed understanding of the functional roles of carbohydrates in molecular recognition processes and disease states, glycans are increasingly being considered as key players in pharmacological research. On the basis of the important progress recently made in glycochemistry, glycobiology, and glycomedicine, we provide a complete overview of successful applications and future perspectives of carbohydrates in the biopharmaceutical and medical fields. This review highlights the development of carbohydrate-based diagnostics, exemplified by glycan imaging techniques and microarray platforms, synthetic oligosaccharide vaccines against infectious diseases (e.g., HIV) and cancer, and finally carbohydrate-derived therapeutics, including glycomimetic drugs and glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Chemical and Physical Biology, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid (Spain)
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Infectious Disease Programme, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio (Spain). .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María López de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao (Spain).
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38
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Abstract
Despite three decades of intensive research efforts, the development of an effective prophylactic vaccine against HIV remains an unrealized goal in the global campaign to contain the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Recent characterization of novel epitopes for inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies has fueled research in the design and synthesis of new, well-defined antigenic constructs for the development of HIV envelope-directed vaccines. The present review will cover previous and recent efforts toward the design of synthetic vaccines based on the HIV viral envelope glycoproteins, with special emphasis on examples from our own laboratories. The biological evaluation of some of the most representative vaccine candidates, in terms of their antigenicity and immunogenicity, will also be discussed to illustrate the current state-of-the-art toward the development of fully synthetic HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, NY 10065, USA
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39
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Lindhorst TK, Dubber M. Octopus glycosides: multivalent molecular platforms for testing carbohydrate recognition and bacterial adhesion. Carbohydr Res 2015; 403:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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Roy R, Shiao TC. Glyconanosynthons as powerful scaffolds and building blocks for the rapid construction of multifaceted, dense and chiral dendrimers. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3924-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The arsenal of available carbohydrates can be manipulated to provide versatile building blocks toward the syntheses of complex and chiral dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Roy
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- Université du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Tze Chieh Shiao
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- Université du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
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41
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Horiya S, MacPherson IS, Krauss IJ. Recent strategies targeting HIV glycans in vaccine design. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:990-9. [PMID: 25393493 PMCID: PMC4431543 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although efforts to develop a vaccine against HIV have so far met with little success, recent studies of HIV-positive patients with strongly neutralizing sera have shown that the human immune system is capable of producing potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), some of which neutralize up to 90% of HIV strains. These antibodies bind conserved vulnerable sites on the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120, and identification of these sites has provided exciting clues about the design of potentially effective vaccines. Carbohydrates have a key role in this field, as a large fraction of bnAbs bind carbohydrates or combinations of carbohydrate and peptide elements on gp120. Additionally, carbohydrates partially mask some peptide surfaces recognized by bnAbs. The use of engineered glycoproteins and other glycostructures as vaccines to elicit antibodies with broad neutralizing activity is therefore a key area of interest in HIV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Horiya
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iain S MacPherson
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isaac J Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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42
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Bailey JJ, Bundle DR. Synthesis of high-mannose 1-thio glycans and their conjugation to protein. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2193-213. [PMID: 24549150 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oligosaccharides Man4 and Man5, substructures of the high-mannose glycans of HIV glycoprotein gp120, were synthesized with a terminal 1-thiomannopyranose residue. The anomeric thiol can be readily converted to an azidomethyl aglycone through reaction with dichloromethane and displacement with sodium azide. The resulting oligomannans were then conjugated to ubiquitin utilizing thiol alkylation or azide/alkyne reactive tethers of minimal length. By combining high efficiency conjugation reactions and a short tether, we sought to establish conjugation conditions that would permit high density clustering of oligomannans in conjugate vaccines that could produce antibodies able to bind gp120 and potentially neutralize virus. LC-UV-MS was used to separate, identify and quantify the ubiquitin glycoconjugates with differing degrees of oligomannan incorporation. Binding of the HIV protective monoclonal antibody 2G12 and concanavalin A to microtitre plates coated with glycoconjugates was measured by ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Bailey
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and the Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
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43
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Stanfield RL, De Castro C, Marzaioli AM, Wilson IA, Pantophlet R. Crystal structure of the HIV neutralizing antibody 2G12 in complex with a bacterial oligosaccharide analog of mammalian oligomannose. Glycobiology 2014; 25:412-9. [PMID: 25380763 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is a major public health threat that continues to infect millions of people worldwide each year. A prophylactic vaccine remains the most cost-effective way of globally reducing and eliminating the spread of the virus. The HIV envelope spike, which is the target of many vaccine design efforts, is densely mantled with carbohydrate and several potent broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 recognize carbohydrate on the envelope spike as a major part of their epitope. However, immunizing with recombinant forms of the envelope glycoprotein does not typically elicit anti-carbohydrate antibodies. Thus, studies of alternative antigens that may serve as a starting point for carbohydrate-based immunogens are of interest. Here, we present the crystal structure of one such anti-carbohydrate HIV neutralizing antibody (2G12) in complex with the carbohydrate backbone of the lipooligosaccharide from Rhizobium radiobacter strain Rv3, which exhibits a chemical structure that naturally mimics the core high-mannose carbohydrate epitope of 2G12 on HIV-1 gp120. The structure described here provides molecular evidence of the structural homology between the Rv3 oligosaccharide and highly abundant carbohydrates on the surface of HIV-1 and raises the potential for the design of novel glycoconjugates that may find utility in efforts to develop immunogens for eliciting carbohydrate-specific neutralizing antibodies to HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Stanfield
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto M Marzaioli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Chiodo F, Enríquez-Navas PM, Angulo J, Marradi M, Penadés S. Assembling different antennas of the gp120 high mannose-type glycans on gold nanoparticles provides superior binding to the anti-HIV antibody 2G12 than the individual antennas. Carbohydr Res 2014; 405:102-9. [PMID: 25573666 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to re-build Man9GlcNAc2 clusters of the HIV gp120 glycoprotein, ∼2 nm gold glyconanoparticles (GNPs) were coated with the synthetic partial structures of Man9, the tetramannoside Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3Manα1- and the pentamannoside Manα1-2Manα1-3[Manα1-2Manα1-6]Manα1-. Their interactions with the anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibody 2G12 were studied by surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors and saturation transfer difference (STD)-NMR spectroscopy. A synergistic effect of the tetra- and pentamannosides multimerized on a same GNP was observed. The assembly of these antennas of the gp120 high-mannose type glycan on GNPs provided superior binding to the anti-HIV antibody 2G12 with respect to GNPs carrying only the individual oligomannosides. The results presented in this work provide new molecular information on the interactions between clusters of oligomannosides and 2G12 that could help in the design of a carbohydrate-based vaccine against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Chiodo
- Laboratory of Glyconanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, P° de Miramón 182, 28009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Pedro M Enríquez-Navas
- Laboratory of Glyconanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, P° de Miramón 182, 28009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesús Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Marco Marradi
- Laboratory of Glyconanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, P° de Miramón 182, 28009 San Sebastian, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), P° de Miramón 182, 28009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Soledad Penadés
- Laboratory of Glyconanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, P° de Miramón 182, 28009 San Sebastian, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), P° de Miramón 182, 28009 San Sebastian, Spain.
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Abstract
The heavy glycosylation of HIV envelope constitutes a strong defense mechanism for the virus to evade host immune response, which accounts for a major barrier for HIV vaccine development. Nevertheless, the identification of a number of glycan-dependent broadly HIV-neutralizing antibodies from HIV-infected individuals, including 2G12, PG9, PG16, PGT121-123, PGT125-128, and PGT135, strongly suggests that the defensive viral 'glycan shield' can be important targets of vaccines. The novel glycan recognition mode exhibited by these antibodies provides new templates for immunogen design. This review highlights recent work on the characterization of the glycan-dependent epitopes of these neutralizing antibodies and recent advances in the synthesis of the relevant carbohydrate antigens for HIV vaccine design.
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Bhatia S, Dimde M, Haag R. Multivalent glycoconjugates as vaccines and potential drug candidates. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Horiya S, Bailey JK, Temme JS, Guillen Schlippe YV, Krauss IJ. Directed evolution of multivalent glycopeptides tightly recognized by HIV antibody 2G12. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5407-15. [PMID: 24645849 PMCID: PMC4004241 DOI: 10.1021/ja500678v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Herein,
we report a method for in vitro selection of multivalent
glycopeptides, combining mRNA display with incorporation of unnatural
amino acids and “click” chemistry. We have demonstrated
the use of this method to design potential glycopeptide vaccines against
HIV. From libraries of ∼1013 glycopeptides containing
multiple Man9 glycan(s), we selected variants that bind
to HIV broadly neutralizing antibody 2G12 with picomolar to low nanomolar
affinity. This is comparable to the strength of the natural 2G12–gp120
interaction, and is the strongest affinity achieved to date with constructs
containing 3–5 glycans. These glycopeptides are therefore of
great interest in HIV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Horiya
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
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Glaffig M, Palitzsch B, Hartmann S, Schüll C, Nuhn L, Gerlitzki B, Schmitt E, Frey H, Kunz H. A Fully Synthetic Glycopeptide Antitumor Vaccine Based on Multiple Antigen Presentation on a Hyperbranched Polymer. Chemistry 2014; 20:4232-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Wang D. Glyco-epitope Diversity: An Evolving Area of Glycomics Research and Biomarker Discovery. JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2014; 7:23539. [PMID: 25378871 PMCID: PMC4219575 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.10000e24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denong Wang
- Tumor Glycomics Laboratory, SRI International Biosciences Division, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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Temme JS, MacPherson IS, DeCourcey JF, Krauss IJ. High temperature SELMA: evolution of DNA-supported oligomannose clusters which are tightly recognized by HIV bnAb 2G12. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1726-9. [PMID: 24446826 PMCID: PMC3985446 DOI: 10.1021/ja411212q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SELMA (SELection with Modified Aptamers) is a directed evolution method which can be used to develop DNA-supported clusters of carbohydrates in which the geometry of clustering is optimized for strong recognition by a lectin of interest. Herein, we report a modification of SELMA which results in glycoclusters which achieve dramatically stronger target recognition (100-fold) with dramatically fewer glycans (2-3-fold). Our first applications of SELMA yielded clusters of 5-10 oligomannose glycans which were recognized by broadly neutralizing HIV antibody 2G12 with moderate affinities (150-500 nM Kd's). In the present manuscript, we report glycoclusters containing just 3-4 glycans, which are recognized by 2G12 with Kd's as low as 1.7 nM. These glycoclusters are recognized by 2G12 as tightly as is the HIV envelope protein gp120, and they are the first constructs to achieve this tight recognition with the minimal number of Man9 units (3-4) necessary to occupy the binding sites on 2G12. They are thus of great interest as immunogens which might elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastian Temme
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts, 02454-9110, United States
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