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Paul Konken C, Beutel B, Schinor B, Song J, Gerwien H, Korpos E, Burmeister M, Riemann B, Schäfers M, Sorokin L, Haufe G. Influence of N-arylsulfonamido d-valine N-substituents on the selectivity and potency of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117350. [PMID: 37270903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To develop matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) for both therapy and medicinal imaging by fluorescence-based techniques or positron-emission tomography (PET), a small library of eighteen N-substituted N-arylsulfonamido d-valines were synthesized and their potency to inhibit two gelatinases (MMP-2, and MMP-9), two collagenases (MMP-8, and MMP-13) and macrophage elastase (MMP-12) was determined in a Structure-Activity-Relation study with ({4-[3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl}sulfonyl)-d-valine (1) as a lead. All compounds were shown to be more potent MMP-2/-9 inhibitors (nanomolar range) compared to other tested MMPs. This is a remarkable result considering that a carboxylic acid group is the zinc binding moiety. The compound with a terminal fluoropropyltriazole group at the furan ring (P1' substituent) was only four times less potent in inhibiting MMP-2 activity than the lead compound 1, making this compound a promising probe for PET application (after using a prosthetic group approach to introduce fluorine-18). Compounds with a TEG spacer and a terminal azide or even a fluorescein moiety at the sulfonylamide N atom (P2' substituent) were almost as active as the lead structure 1, making the latter derivative a suitable fluorescence imaging tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Paul Konken
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernd Beutel
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schinor
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jian Song
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hanna Gerwien
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Korpos
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Miriam Burmeister
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Riemann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany; European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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de Almeida LGN, Thode H, Eslambolchi Y, Chopra S, Young D, Gill S, Devel L, Dufour A. Matrix Metalloproteinases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:712-768. [PMID: 35738680 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was discovered in 1962 from the tail of a tadpole by its ability to degrade collagen. As their name suggests, matrix metalloproteinases are proteases capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix. More recently, MMPs have been demonstrated to play numerous additional biologic roles in cell signaling, immune regulation, and transcriptional control, all of which are unrelated to the degradation of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we will present milestones and major discoveries of MMP research, including various clinical trials for the use of MMP inhibitors. We will discuss the reasons behind the failures of most MMP inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. There are still misconceptions about the pathophysiological roles of MMPs and the best strategies to inhibit their detrimental functions. This review aims to discuss MMPs in preclinical models and human pathologies. We will discuss new biochemical tools to track their proteolytic activity in vivo and ex vivo, in addition to future pharmacological alternatives to inhibit their detrimental functions in diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in most inflammatory, autoimmune, cancers, and pathogen-mediated diseases. Initially overlooked, MMP contributions can be both beneficial and detrimental in disease progression and resolution. Thousands of MMP substrates have been suggested, and a few hundred have been validated. After more than 60 years of MMP research, there remain intriguing enigmas to solve regarding their biological functions in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G N de Almeida
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Hayley Thode
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Yekta Eslambolchi
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sameeksha Chopra
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Daniel Young
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sean Gill
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Laurent Devel
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
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Towards Optimized Bioavailability of 99mTc-Labeled Barbiturates for Non-invasive Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:434-443. [PMID: 34750717 PMCID: PMC9085681 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction
Dysregulated activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) drives a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Non-invasive imaging of MMP activity in vivo promises diagnostic and prognostic value. However, current targeting strategies by small molecules are typically limited with respect to the bioavailability of the labeled MMP binders in vivo. To this end, we here introduce and compare three chemical modifications of a recently developed barbiturate-based radiotracer with respect to bioavailability and potential to image MMP activity in vivo. Methods Barbiturate-based MMP inhibitors with an identical targeting unit but varying hydrophilicity were synthesized, labeled with technetium-99m, and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Biodistribution and radiotracer elimination were determined in C57/BL6 mice by serial SPECT imaging. MMP activity was imaged in a MMP-positive subcutaneous xenograft model of human K1 papillary thyroid tumors. In vivo data were validated by scintillation counting, autoradiography, and MMP immunohistochemistry. Results We prepared three new 99mTc‐labeled MMP inhibitors, bearing either a glycine ([99mTc]MEA39), lysine ([99mTc]MEA61), or the ligand HYNIC with the ionic co-ligand TPPTS ([99mTc]MEA223) yielding gradually increasing hydrophilicity. [99mTc]MEA39 and [99mTc]MEA61 were rapidly eliminated via hepatobiliary pathways. In contrast, [99mTc]MEA223 showed delayed in vivo clearance and primary renal elimination. In a thyroid tumor xenograft model, only [99mTc]MEA223 exhibited a high tumor-to-blood ratio that could easily be delineated in SPECT images. Conclusion Introduction of HYNIC/TPPTS into the barbiturate lead structure ([99mTc]MEA223) results in delayed renal elimination and allows non-invasive MMP imaging with high signal-to-noise ratios in a papillary thyroid tumor xenograft model. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11307-021-01668-z.
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Prasher P, Sharma M, Singh SP, Rawat DS. Barbiturate derivatives for managing multifaceted oncogenic pathways: A mini review. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:364-373. [PMID: 33210368 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development and progression of metastasis comprises synchronized erroneous expressions of several composite pathways, which are difficult to manage simultaneously with the representative anticancer molecules. The emergence of the drug resistance and the complex interplay between these pathways further potentiates cancer related complexities. Barbiturates and their derivatives present a commendable anticancer profile by attenuating the cancer manifesting metabolic and enzymatic pathways including, but not limited to matrix metalloproteinases, xanthine oxidase, amino peptidases, histone deacetylases, and Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase. The derivatization and conjugation of barbiturates with pharmacophores delivers a suitable hybrid profile in containing the anomalous expression of these pathways. The present report presents a succinct collation of the barbiturates and their derivatives in managing the various cancer causing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Samarth P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Devendra S Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
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Schwegmann K, Hohn M, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Riemann B, Haufe G, Wagner S, Breyholz HJ. Optimizing the Biodistribution of Radiofluorinated Barbiturate Tracers for Matrix Metalloproteinase Imaging by Introduction of Fluorescent Dyes as Pharmacokinetic Modulators. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1117-1132. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schwegmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hohn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Riemann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Breyholz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Molecular Imaging Probes Based on Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors (MMPIs). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162982. [PMID: 31426440 PMCID: PMC6719134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases which are secreted or anchored in the cell membrane and are capable of degrading the multiple components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs are frequently overexpressed or highly activated in numerous human diseases. Owing to the important role of MMPs in human diseases, many MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) have been developed as novel therapeutics, and some of them have entered clinical trials. However, so far, only one MMPI (doxycycline) has been approved by the FDA. Therefore, the evaluation of the activity of a specific subset of MMPs in human diseases using clinically relevant imaging techniques would be a powerful tool for the early diagnosis and assessment of the efficacy of therapy. In recent years, numerous MMPIs labeled imaging agents have emerged. This article begins by providing an overview of the MMP subfamily and its structure and function. The latest advances in the design of subtype selective MMPIs and their biological evaluation are then summarized. Subsequently, the potential use of MMPI-labeled diagnostic agents in clinical imaging techniques are discussed, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and optical imaging (OI). Finally, this article concludes with future perspectives and clinical utility.
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The gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, as fine tuners of neuroinflammatory processes. Matrix Biol 2019; 75-76:102-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Seifert R, Kuhlmann MT, Eligehausen S, Kiefer F, Hermann S, Schäfers M. Molecular imaging of MMP activity discriminates unstable from stable plaque phenotypes in shear-stress induced murine atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204305. [PMID: 30304051 PMCID: PMC6179381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As atherosclerotic plaque ruptures are the primary cause of ischaemic events, their preventive identification by imaging remains a clinical challenge. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in plaque progression and destabilisation and are therefore promising targets to characterize rupture-prone unstable plaques. This study aims at evaluating MMP imaging to discriminate unstable from stable plaque phenotypes. Methods ApoE deficient mice (ApoE-/-) on a high cholesterol diet underwent implantation of a tapered cuff around the right common carotid artery (CCA) inducing a highly inflamed atherosclerotic plaque upstream (US) and a more stable plaque phenotype downstream (DS) of the cuff. 8 weeks after surgery, the MMP inhibitor-based photoprobe Cy5.5-AF443 was administered i.v. 3h prior to in situ and ex vivo fluorescence reflectance imaging of the CCAs. Thereafter, CCAs were analysed regarding plaque size, presence of macrophages, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Results We found a significantly higher uptake of Cy5.5-AF443 in US as compared to DS plaques in situ (1.29 vs. 1.06 plaque-to-background ratio; p<0.001), which was confirmed by ex vivo measurements. Immunohistochemistry revealed a higher presence of macrophages, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in US compared to DS plaques. Accordingly, MMP-2 concentrations were significantly higher in US plaques (47.2±7.6 vs. 29.6±4.6 ng/mg; p<0.05). Conclusions In the ApoE-/- cuff model MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities are significantly higher in upstream low shear stress-induced unstable atherosclerotic plaques as compared to downstream more stable plaque phenotypes. MMP inhibitor-based fluorescence molecular imaging allows visualization of these differences in shear stress-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Seifert
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael T. Kuhlmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Eligehausen
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG EXC 1003 Cluster of Excellence ‘Cells in Motion’, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG EXC 1003 Cluster of Excellence ‘Cells in Motion’, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG EXC 1003 Cluster of Excellence ‘Cells in Motion’, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Beutel B, Song J, Konken CP, Korpos E, Schinor B, Gerwien H, Vidyadharan R, Burmeister M, Li L, Haufe G, Sorokin L. New in Vivo Compatible Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 Inhibitors. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3715-3725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Beutel
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jian Song
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Paul Konken
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Korpos
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schinor
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hanna Gerwien
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Reshma Vidyadharan
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Miriam Burmeister
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lixia Li
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Assessment of MMP-2/-9 expression by fluorescence endoscopy for evaluation of anastomotic healing in a murine model of anastomotic leakage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194249. [PMID: 29566031 PMCID: PMC5863981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbance of intestinal wound closure leads to insufficient anastomotic healing and is associated with considerable morbidity following colorectal resections. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in regulation of wound closure. Here fluorescence endoscopy was evaluated for assessment of MMP-2/-9 expression during failed intestinal anastomotic healing. METHODS Distal colonic anastomoses were performed as a model for disturbed healing in 36 Balb/c mice. Healing was evaluated endoscopically, macroscopically, and histologically after 1, 3 and 5 days. For detection of MMP-2/-9 expression fluorescence endoscopy (FE) was used following i.v.-administration of a Cy5.5-labeled MMP-2/-9 specific tracer. FE was complemented by quantification of the fluorescence signal using the MS-FX PRO Optical Imaging System. An overall leakage score was calculated and correlated with the results of FE. RESULTS With increasing incidence of anastomotic leakage from POD1 (17%) to POD5 (83%) the uptake of the MMP tracer gradually increased (signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), POD1: 17.91 ± 1.251 vs. POD3: 30.56 ± 3.03 vs. POD5: 44.8 ± 4.473, P<0.0001). Mice with defective anastomotic healing showed significantly higher uptake compared to non-defective (SNR: 37.37± 3.63 vs. 26.16± 3.635, P = 0.0369). White light endoscopy and FE allowed evaluation of anastomotic healing and visualization of mucosal MMPs in vivo. Using FE based detection of MMPs in the anastomosis, an overall positive predictive value of 71.4% and negative predictive value of 66.6% was calculated for detection of anastomotic leakage. CONCLUSION During disturbed anastomotic healing increased expression of MMP-2/-9 was observed in the anastomotic tissue. Fluorescence endoscopy for detection of MMP-2/-9 during the healing process might be a promising tool for early identification of anastomotic leakage.
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Hu C, Zhu K, Li J, Wang C, Lai L. Molecular targets in aortic aneurysm for establishing novel management paradigms. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:4708-4722. [PMID: 29268541 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.10.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm (AA) is a lethal disease and presents a large challenge for surgeons in the clinic. Although surgical management remains the major choice of AA, operative mortality remains high. With advances in understanding of the mechanisms of AAs, molecular targets, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), D-dimer, and inflammation markers, including C-reactive protein, interleukins and phagocytes, are important in the pathology of development of AA. These markers may become important for improving the diagnostic quality and provide more therapeutic choices for treatment of AA. Although these new markers require long-term trials before they can be translated into the clinic, they can still be helpful in determining new directions. The main aim of this review is to discuss the current findings of molecular targets in progression of AA and discuss the potential application of these new targets for managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Hu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lao Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
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Breyholz HJ, Kopka K, Schäfers M, Wagner S. Syntheses of Radioiodinated Pyrimidine-2,4,6-Triones as Potential Agents for Non-Invasive Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10020049. [PMID: 28556793 PMCID: PMC5490406 DOI: 10.3390/ph10020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression or activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is observed in many kinds of live-threatening diseases. Therefore, MMP imaging for example with radiolabelled MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) potentially represents a valuable tool for clinical diagnostics using non-invasive single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. This work includes the organic chemical syntheses and in vitro evaluation of five iodinated barbiturate based MMPIs and the selection of derivative 9 for radiosyntheses of isotopologues [123I]9 potentially useful for MMP SPECT imaging and [124I]9 for MMP PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Breyholz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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13
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Seifert R, Scherzinger A, Kiefer F, Hermann S, Jiang X, Schäfers MA. Statistical Permutation-based Artery Mapping (SPAM): a novel approach to evaluate imaging signals in the vessel wall. BMC Med Imaging 2017; 17:36. [PMID: 28549448 PMCID: PMC5446712 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-017-0207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. A prominent cause of cardiovascular events is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammation of the arterial wall that leads to the formation of so called atherosclerotic plaques. There is a strong clinical need to develop new, non-invasive vascular imaging techniques in order to identify high-risk plaques, which might escape detection using conventional methods based on the assessment of the luminal narrowing. In this context, molecular imaging strategies based on fluorescent tracers and fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) seem well suited to assess molecular and cellular activity. However, such an analysis demands a precise and standardized analysis method, which is orientated on reproducible anatomical landmarks, ensuring to compare equivalent regions across different subjects. METHODS We propose a novel method, Statistical Permutation-based Artery Mapping (SPAM). Our approach is especially useful for the understanding of complex and heterogeneous regional processes during the course of atherosclerosis. Our method involves three steps, which are (I) standardisation with an additional intensity normalization, (II) permutation testing, and (III) cluster-enhancement. Although permutation testing and cluster enhancement are already well-established in functional magnetic resonance imaging, to the best of our knowledge these strategies have so far not been applied in cardiovascular molecular imaging. RESULTS We tested our method using FRI images of murine aortic vessels in order to find recurring patterns in atherosclerotic plaques across multiple subjects. We demonstrate that our pixel-wise and cluster-enhanced testing approach is feasible and useful to analyse tracer distributions in FRI data sets of aortic vessels. CONCLUSIONS We expect our method to be a useful tool within the field of molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques since cluster-enhanced permutation testing is a powerful approach for finding significant differences of tracer distributions in inflamed atherosclerotic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Seifert
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Aaron Scherzinger
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 1003 'CiM - Cells in Motion', Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 1003 'CiM - Cells in Motion', Münster, Germany
| | - Xiaoyi Jiang
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 1003 'CiM - Cells in Motion', Münster, Germany
| | - Michael A Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 1003 'CiM - Cells in Motion', Münster, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Beutel B, Daniliuc CG, Riemann B, Schäfers M, Haufe G. Fluorinated matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors--Phosphonate based potential probes for positron emission tomography. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:902-9. [PMID: 26810711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can serve as lead structures for the development of (18)F-labeled radioligands. These compounds might be useful as non-invasive imaging probes to characterize pathologies associated with increased MMP activity. Results with a series of fluorinated analogs of a known biphenyl sulfonamide inhibitor have shown that fluorine can be incorporated into two different positions of the molecular scaffold without significant loss of potency in the nanomolar range. Additionally, the potential of a hitherto unknown fluorinated tertiary sulfonamide as MMP inhibitor has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Beutel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Riemann
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany; European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany; European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis are at increased risk for colorectal cancer and endoscopic surveillance is mandatory. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9 activities are increased in malignant colonic mucosa. The aim of the study was to evaluate molecular imaging of MMP-2/-9 by fluorescence endoscopy (FE) for early tumor detection. METHODS Colorectal cancer in mice (n = 28) was induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. Twenty-four hours after intravenous injection of a nonpeptidic, Cy5.5-labeled MMP-selective tracer, tumor development was assessed in vivo by white light endoscopy and FE. Topical administration of the tracer was also investigated (after 5 minutes and 24 hours). Colonic tumors were evaluated ex vivo by fluorescence reflectance imaging, immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and zymography. RESULTS Imaging of MMP-2/-9 expression by FE achieved a significantly higher contrast of the fluorescence signal in colonic adenomas compared with the adjacent nonmalignant mucosa (P < 0.001). Fluorescence reflectance imaging detected a significantly higher tracer uptake in adenoma compared with healthy mucosa (P < 0.001) and revealed a tumor size-dependent increase of tracer uptake (P < 0.01). Topical tracer administration did not facilitate tumor detection. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and zymography indicated higher levels of MMP-2 and -9 in high-grade dysplasia and pT1 tumors ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS MMP-2/-9 expression was significantly increased in colorectal neoplasia. FE allows direct visualization of a prognostic parameter (here MMP-2/-9) on a molecular level and may improve the characterization of colorectal lesions and the adenoma detection rate in the future.
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Xiao JW, Zhu WJ, Sun R, Xu YJ, Ge JF. Evaluation of electron or charge transfer processes between chromenylium-based fluorophores and protonated–deprotonated aniline. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19831g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PET and ICT processes in chromenylium hybrid fluorescent dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Xiao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Material Science
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Wei-Jin Zhu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Material Science
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Ru Sun
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Material Science
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yu-Jie Xu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection
- Medicine College of Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Jian-Feng Ge
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Material Science
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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17
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Lebel R, Lepage M. A comprehensive review on controls in molecular imaging: lessons from MMP-2 imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 9:187-210. [PMID: 24700747 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-2, play critical roles in tissue remodeling and are involved in a large array of pathologies, including cancer, arthritis and atherosclerosis. Their prognostic value warranted a large investment or resources in the development of noninvasive detection methods, based on probes for many current clinical and pre-clinical imaging modalities. However, the potential of imaging techniques is only matched by the complexity of the data they generate. This complexity must be properly assessed and accounted for in the early steps of probe design and testing in order to accurately determine the efficacy and efficiency of an imaging strategy. This review proposes basic rules for the evaluation of novel probes by addressing the specific case of MMP targeted probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réjean Lebel
- Centre d'imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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18
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Alsibai W, Hahnenkamp A, Eisenblätter M, Riemann B, Schäfers M, Bremer C, Haufe G, Höltke C. Fluorescent Non-peptidic RGD Mimetics with High Selectivity for αVβ3 vs αIIbβ3 Integrin Receptor: Novel Probes for in Vivo Optical Imaging. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9971-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501197c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Division
of Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Christoph Bremer
- Clinic for Radiology, St. Franziskus Hospital Muenster, Muenster D-48145, Germany
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19
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Steingräber AK, Schelhaas S, Faust A, Jacobs AH, Schäfers M, Goerge T. Molecular imaging reveals time course of matrix metalloproteinase activity in acute cutaneous vasculitis in vivo. Exp Dermatol 2014; 22:730-5. [PMID: 24112050 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a critical role in various pathological conditions including cutaneous inflammation. Thus far, serial assessment of MMP activity in ongoing inflammation is hampered due to technical limitations. Here, we present an innovative method for longitudinal detection of MMP activity by in vivo imaging. First, we analysed skin sections from patients suffering from leucocytoclastic vasculitis (LcV) and detected a significant MMP signal via immunofluorescence staining. Then, we mimicked LcV in mice in a well-studied model of immune complex-mediated vasculitis (ICV). This acute inflammatory process was serially visualized in vivo using the fluorescence-labelled MMP tracer Cy5.5-AF443. The deposition of fluorescence-labelled immune complexes and MMP tracer distribution was visualized repeatedly and non-invasively by fluorescence reflectance imaging. In correlation with the presence of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in immunofluorescence stainings, Cy5.5-AF443 accumulated in ICV spots in the skin of C57BL/6 mice. This tracer accumulation could also be observed in mice equipped with a dorsal skinfold chamber, where microscopic observations revealed an increased recruitment of fluorescence-labelled leucocytes during ICV. The specificity of the MMP tracer was supported by (i) analysis of mice deficient in functional β2 -integrins (CD18(-/-) ) and (ii) subsequent MMP immunofluorescence staining. These findings let us conclude that MMP accumulation in the acute phase of ICV depends on β2 -mediated leucocyte recruitment. In summary, we show that MMPs are involved in ICV as determined by Cy5.5-AF443, a new optical marker to longitudinally and non-invasively follow MMP activity in acute skin inflammation in vivo.
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20
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Stawarski M, Stefaniuk M, Wlodarczyk J. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 involvement in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:68. [PMID: 25071472 PMCID: PMC4091410 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are the locus for excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain and thus play a major role in neuronal plasticity. The ability to alter synaptic connections includes volumetric changes in dendritic spines that are driven by scaffolds created by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we review the effects of the proteolytic activity of ECM proteases in physiological and pathological structural plasticity. We use matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as an example of an ECM modifier that has recently emerged as a key molecule in regulating the morphology and dysmorphology of dendritic spines that underlie synaptic plasticity and neurological disorders, respectively. We summarize the influence of MMP-9 on the dynamic remodeling of the ECM via the cleavage of extracellular substrates. We discuss its role in the formation, modification, and maintenance of dendritic spines in learning and memory. Finally, we review research that implicates MMP-9 in aberrant synaptic plasticity and spine dysmorphology in neurological disorders, with a focus on morphological abnormalities of dendritic protrusions that are associated with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stawarski
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
| | - Marzena Stefaniuk
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Warsaw, Mzowieckie, Poland
| | - Jakub Wlodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
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21
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Zhang X, Bresee J, Cheney PP, Xu B, Bhowmick M, Cudic M, Fields GB, Edwards WB. Evaluation of a triple-helical peptide with quenched FluorSophores for optical imaging of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteolytic activity. Molecules 2014; 19:8571-88. [PMID: 24959683 PMCID: PMC4347883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19068571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9, the gelatinases, have consistently been associated with tumor progression. The development of gelatinase-specific probes will be critical for identifying in vivo gelatinoic activity to understand the molecular role of the gelatinases in tumor development. Recently, a self-assembling homotrimeric triple-helical peptide (THP), incorporating a sequence from type V collagen, with high substrate specificity to the gelatinases has been developed. To determine whether this THP would be suitable for imaging protease activity, 5-carboxyfluorescein (5FAM) was conjugated, resulting in 5FAM3-THP and 5FAM6-THP, which were quenched up to 50%. 5FAM6-THP hydrolysis by MMP-2 and MMP-9 displayed kcat/KM values of 1.5 × 104 and 5.4 × 103 M−1 s−1, respectively. Additionally 5FAM6-THP visualized gelatinase activity in gelatinase positive HT-1080 cells, but not in gelatinase negative MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the fluorescence in the HT-1080 cells was greatly attenuated by the addition of a MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitor, SB-3CT, indicating that the observed fluorescence release was mediated by gelatinase proteolysis and not non-specific proteolysis of the THPs. These results demonstrate that THPs fully substituted with fluorophores maintain their substrate specificity to the gelatinases in human cancer cells and may be useful in in vivo molecular imaging of gelatinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Jamee Bresee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Philip P Cheney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.
| | - Baogang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Manishabrata Bhowmick
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
| | - Mare Cudic
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
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22
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential component of the human body that is responsible for the proper function of various organs. Changes in the ECM have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular conditions including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and heart failure. Matrix components, such as collagens and noncollagenous proteins, influence the function and activity of vascular cells, particularly vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Matrix proteins have been shown to be implicated in the development of atherosclerotic complications, such as plaque rupture, aneurysm formation, and calcification. ECM proteins control ECM remodeling through feedback signaling to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are the key players of ECM remodeling in both normal and pathological conditions. The production of MMPs is closely related to the development of an inflammatory response and is subjected to significant changes at different stages of atherosclerosis. Indeed, blood levels of circulating MMPs may be useful for the assessment of the inflammatory activity in atherosclerosis and the prediction of cardiovascular risk. The availability of a wide variety of low-molecular MMP inhibitors that can be conjugated with various labels provides a good perspective for specific targeting of MMPs and implementation of imaging techniques to visualize MMP activity in atherosclerotic plaques and, most interestingly, to monitor responses to antiatheroslerosis therapies. Finally, because of the crucial role of ECM in cardiovascular repair, the regenerative potential of ECM could be successfully used in constructing engineered scaffolds and vessels that mimic properties of the natural ECM and consist of the native ECM components or composite biomaterials. These scaffolds possess a great promise in vascular tissue engineering.
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23
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Study of the binding interaction between fluorinated matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and Human Serum Albumin. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kalita SJ, Mecadon H, Deka DC. FeCl3·6H2O catalyzed aqueous media domino synthesis of 5-monoalkylbarbiturates: water as both reactant and solvent. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Water as both reactant and solvent in a FeCl3·6H2O catalyzed domino reaction towards 5-monoalkylbarbiturates is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hormi Mecadon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Gauhati
- Guwahati-781014, India
| | - Dibakar C. Deka
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Gauhati
- Guwahati-781014, India
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25
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Liu J, Sun YQ, Wang P, Zhang J, Guo W. Construction of NIR and ratiometric fluorescent probe for Hg2+ based on a rhodamine-inspired dye platform. Analyst 2013; 138:2654-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Wenk CHF, Josserand V, Dumy P, Coll JL, Boturyn D. Integrin and matrix metalloprotease dual-targeting with an MMP substrate-RGD conjugate. Org Biomol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23196995 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent clustered RGD-containing ligand encompassing an MMP substrate was designed and successfully used in vivo for the dual-targeting of α(V)β(3) integrin receptors and MMP-9 extracellular proteases in the tumor region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane H F Wenk
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS: UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, Grenoble cedex 9, France
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27
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Claesener M, Breyholz HJ, Hermann S, Faust A, Wagner S, Schober O, Schäfers M, Kopka K. Efficient synthesis of a fluorine-18 labeled biotin derivative. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:1189-94. [PMID: 22998841 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The natural occurring vitamin biotin, also known as vitamin H or vitamin B(7), plays a major role in various metabolic reactions. Caused by its high binding affinity to the protein avidin with a dissociation constant of about 10(-15)M the biotin-avidin system was extensively examined for multiple applications. We have synthesized a fluorine-18 labeled biotin derivative [(18)F]4 for a potential application in positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS Mesylate precursor 3 was obtained by an efficient two-step reaction via a copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) from easily accessible starting materials. [(18)F]4 was successfully synthesized by a nucleophilic radiofluorination of precursor 3. A biodistribution study by means of small-animal PET imaging in wt-mice was performed and serum stability was examined. RESULTS Compound [(18)F]4 was obtained from precursor compound 3 with an average specific activity of 16GBq/μmol within 45min and a radiochemical yield of 45±5% (decay corrected). [(18)F]4 demonstrated only negligible decomposition in human serum. A qualitative binding study revealed the high affinity of the synthesized biotin derivative to avidin. Blocking experiments with native biotin showed that binding was site-specific. Biodistribution studies showed that [(18)F]4 was cleared quickly and efficiently from the body by hepatobiliary and renal elimination. CONCLUSION An efficient synthesis for [(18)F]4 was established. In vivo characteristics were determined and demonstrated the pharmacokinetic behaviour of [(18)F]4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Claesener
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Knapinska A, Fields GB. Chemical biology for understanding matrix metalloproteinase function. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2002-20. [PMID: 22933318 PMCID: PMC3951272 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family has long been associated with normal physiological processes such as embryonic implantation, tissue remodeling, organ development, and wound healing, as well as multiple aspects of cancer initiation and progression, osteoarthritis, inflammatory and vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. The development of chemically designed MMP probes has advanced our understanding of the roles of MMPs in disease in addition to shedding considerable light on the mechanisms of MMP action. The first generation of protease-activated agents has demonstrated proof of principle as well as providing impetus for in vivo applications. One common problem has been a lack of agent stability at nontargeted tissues and organs due to activation by multiple proteases. The present review considers how chemical biology has impacted the progress made in understanding the roles of MMPs in disease and the basic mechanisms of MMP action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregg B. Fields
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987 (USA)
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29
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Olson ES, Whitney MA, Friedman B, Aguilera TA, Crisp JL, Baik FM, Jiang T, Baird SM, Tsimikas S, Tsien RY, Nguyen QT. In vivo fluorescence imaging of atherosclerotic plaques with activatable cell-penetrating peptides targeting thrombin activity. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:595-605. [PMID: 22534729 PMCID: PMC3689578 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib00161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin and other coagulation enzymes have been shown to be important during atherosclerotic disease development. Study of these proteases is currently limited because of lack of robust molecular imaging agents for imaging protease activity in vivo. Activatable cell penetrating peptides (ACPPs) have been used to monitor MMP activity in tumors and, in principle, can be modified to detect other proteases. We have developed a probe that incorporates the peptide sequence DPRSFL from the proteinase activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) into an ACPP and shown that it is preferentially cleaved by purified thrombin. Active thrombin in serum cleaves DPRSFL-ACPP with >90% inhibition by lepirudin or argatroban. The DPRSFL-ACPP cleavage product accumulated in advanced atherosclerotic lesions in living mice, with 85% reduction in retention upon pre-injection of mice with hirudin. Uptake of the ACPP cleavage product was highest in plaques with histological features associated with more severe disease. Freshly resected human atheromas bathed in DPRSFL-ACPP retained 63% greater cleavage product compared to control ACPP. In conclusion, DPRSFL-ACPP can be used to study thrombin activity in coagulation and atherosclerosis with good spatial and temporal resolution. Thrombin-sensitive ACPPs may be developed into probes for early detection and intraoperative imaging of high risk atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia S. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
| | - Michael A. Whitney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
| | - Beth Friedman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
| | - Todd A. Aguilera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
| | - Jessica L. Crisp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
| | - Fred M. Baik
- UCSD School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
| | - Stephen M. Baird
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682, USA
| | - Roger Y. Tsien
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
| | - Quyen T. Nguyen
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA; Fax: +1 858 534-5270; Tel: +1 858 822-3965
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Hugenberg V, Breyholz HJ, Riemann B, Hermann S, Schober O, Schäfers M, Gangadharmath U, Mocharla V, Kolb H, Walsh J, Zhang W, Kopka K, Wagner S. A new class of highly potent matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors based on triazole-substituted hydroxamates: (radio)synthesis and in vitro and first in vivo evaluation. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4714-27. [PMID: 22540974 DOI: 10.1021/jm300199g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging of MMPs is of great (pre)clinical interest and can potentially be realized with modern three-dimensional and noninvasive in vivo molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). Consequently, MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) radiolabeled with positron emitting nuclides (e.g., (18)F) represent a suitable tool for the visualization of activated MMPs with PET. On the basis of our previous work and results regarding radiolabeled and unlabeled derivatives of the nonselective MMPIs, we discovered a new class of fluorinated MMPIs with a triazole-substituted hydroxamate substructure. These novel MMPIs are characterized by an increased hydrophilicity compared with the lead structures and excellent MMP inhibition potencies for MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-13 (IC(50) = 0.006-107 nM). Therefore, one promising fluorinated triazole-substituted hydroxamate (30b) was selected and resynthesised as its (18)F-labeled version to yield the potential PET radioligand [(18)F]30b. The biodistribution behavior of this novel compound was investigated with small animal PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hugenberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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31
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Claesener M, Schober O, Wagner S, Kopka K. Radiosynthesis of a ⁶⁸Ga labeled matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor as a potential probe for PET imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:1723-8. [PMID: 22750564 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor based on a barbiturate scaffold was conjugated with a cyclooctyne derivative of the (radio)metal chelator DOTA via strain induced azide alkyne cycloaddition. Subsequent radiolabeling with (68)Ga yielded the corresponding radiometal labeled target compound (68)Ga-4 with a yield of 87% (decay corrected). The target molecule was also synthesized by a second synthesis route, the reaction of a pre-labeled (68)Ga-cyclooctyne-DOTA derivative (68)Ga-1 with an azide bearing barbiturate 3. This approach offers a valuable alternative for providing the desired (68)Ga-radiolabeled target compound. But, in this case, the strain induced cycloaddition of the reported pre-labeled cyclooctyne-DOTA derivative (68)Ga-1 with azides was proven to be slow at room temperature and heating was necessary for acceptable reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Claesener
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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32
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Koide Y, Urano Y, Hanaoka K, Piao W, Kusakabe M, Saito N, Terai T, Okabe T, Nagano T. Development of NIR Fluorescent Dyes Based on Si–rhodamine for in Vivo Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5029-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Koide
- CREST, JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda,
Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | | | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- CREST, JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda,
Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Wen Piao
- CREST, JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda,
Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Moriaki Kusakabe
- Matrix Cell Research Institute, Inc., Ushiku, Ibaraki, 300-1232, Japan
| | | | - Takuya Terai
- CREST, JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda,
Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Nagano
- CREST, JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda,
Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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33
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Akers WJ, Xu B, Lee H, Sudlow GP, Fields GB, Achilefu S, Edwards WB. Detection of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in vivo with a triple-helical peptide optical probe. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:656-63. [PMID: 22309692 DOI: 10.1021/bc300027y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel activatable NIR fluorescent probe for in vivo detection of cancer-related matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The probe is based on a triple-helical peptide substrate (THP) with high specificity for MMP-2 and MMP-9 relative to other members of the MMP family. MMP-2 and MMP-9 (also known as gelatinases) are specifically associated with cancer cell invasion and cancer-related angiogenesis. At the center of each 5 kDa peptide strand is a gelatinase sensitive sequence flanked by 2 Lys residues conjugated with NIR fluorescent dyes. Upon self-assembly of the triple-helical structure, the 3 peptide chains intertwine, bringing the fluorophores into close proximity and reducing fluorescence via quenching. Upon enzymatic cleavage of the triple-helical peptide, 6 labeled peptide chains are released, resulting in an amplified fluorescent signal. The fluorescence yield of the probe increases 3.8-fold upon activation. Kinetic analysis showed a rate of LS276-THP hydrolysis by MMP-2 (k(cat)/K(M) = 30,000 s(-1) M(-1)) similar to that of MMP-2 catalysis of an analogous fluorogenic THP. Administration of LS276-THP to mice bearing a human fibrosarcoma xenografted tumor resulted in a tumor fluorescence signal more than 5-fold greater than that of muscle. This signal enhancement was reduced by treatment with the MMP inhibitor Ilomostat, indicating that the observed tumor fluorescence was indeed enzyme mediated. These results are the first to demonstrate that triple-helical peptides are suitable for highly specific in vivo detection of tumor-related MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Akers
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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34
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Chuang YC, Huang WT, Chiang PH, Tang MC, Lin CS. Aqueous zymography screening of matrix metalloproteinase activity and inhibition based on colorimetric gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 32:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Wang L, Jin J, Chen X, Fan HH, Li BKF, Cheah KW, Ding N, Ju S, Wong WT, Li C. A cyanine based fluorophore emitting both single photon near-infrared fluorescence and two-photon deep red fluorescence in aqueous solution. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5366-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25619c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Schrigten D, Breyholz HJ, Wagner S, Hermann S, Schober O, Schäfers M, Haufe G, Kopka K. A new generation of radiofluorinated pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones as MMP-targeted radiotracers for positron emission tomography. J Med Chem 2011; 55:223-32. [PMID: 22118188 DOI: 10.1021/jm201142w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled C-5-disubstituted pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones have recently been suggested by our group as a class of potent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) targeted radiotracers that can noninvasively visualize activated MMPs by means of positron emission tomography (PET). MMPs belong to the zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases which are involved in the proteolytic degradation of components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) but also are capable of processing and releasing bioactive molecules such as growth factors, proteinase inhibitors, and cytokines. Locally increased levels of activated MMPs modulate and contribute to the progression of various diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, stroke, arthritis, and others. Therefore, activated MMPs are suitable biological targets for the specific and noninvasive visualization of aforementioned pathologies in vivo. On the basis of our recent results, we here describe a series of new fluorinated pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones of the second generation with maintained MMP inhibition potencies (IC(50) = 4-605 nM), which are fine-tuned toward more hydrophilic versions, and show the improved biodistribution behavior of one selected radiofluorinated pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione by means of small-animal PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schrigten
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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37
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Jalisatgi SS, Kulkarni VS, Tang B, Houston ZH, Lee MW, Hawthorne MF. A convenient route to diversely substituted icosahedral closomer nanoscaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12382-5. [PMID: 21766843 PMCID: PMC3180896 DOI: 10.1021/ja204488p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of icosahedral polyhedral borane closomer motifs based upon carbonate and carbamate anchoring groups for biomedical applications are described. Dodecacarbamate closomers containing easily accessible groups of interest at their linker termini were synthesized via activation of the B-OH vertices as aryl carbonates and their subsequent reaction with primary amines. Novel dodecacarbonate closomers were successfully synthesized for the first time by reacting [closo-B(12)(OH)(12)](2-) with an excess of respective aryl chloroformates, utilizing relatively short reaction times, mild conditions and simple purification strategies, all of which had previously presented difficulties in closomer chemistry. This methodology for the 12-fold degenerate synthesis of carbonate and carbamate closomers will greatly facilitate further exploration of closomers as monodisperse nanomolecular delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish S. Jalisatgi
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri
| | - Vikas S. Kulkarni
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri
| | - Betty Tang
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri
| | - Zachary H. Houston
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri
| | - Mark W. Lee
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri
| | - M. Frederick Hawthorne
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri
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38
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Elahi SF, Wang TD. Future and advances in endoscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:471-81. [PMID: 21751414 PMCID: PMC3517128 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The future of endoscopy will be dictated by rapid technological advances in the development of light sources, optical fibers, and miniature scanners that will allow for images to be collected in multiple spectral regimes, with greater tissue penetration, and in three dimensions. These engineering breakthroughs will be integrated with novel molecular probes that are highly specific for unique proteins to target diseased tissues. Applications include early cancer detection by imaging molecular changes that occur before gross morphological abnormalities, personalized medicine by visualizing molecular targets specific to individual patients, and image guided therapy by localizing tumor margins and monitoring for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakib F. Elahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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39
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Wang J, Medina C, Radomski MW, Gilmer JF. N-Substituted homopiperazine barbiturates as gelatinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4985-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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In vivo evaluation of a new magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (P947) to target matrix metalloproteinases in expanding experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Invest Radiol 2011; 45:662-8. [PMID: 20733508 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3181ee5bbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is a devastating event, and development of noninvasive methods to detect AAA at risk is needed. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a major role in AAA growth and their subsequent rupture. This study was aimed to evaluate the ability of P947, a recently developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, to target MMPs in vivo in expanding experimental AAAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS AAAs were induced in Wistar rats (n = 18) by perfusion of a segment of the abdominal aorta with porcine elastase. After 5 or 6 days of elastase perfusion, when the aortic segment was expanding and showed inflammation with high MMP levels, rats were injected either with P947 (n = 6), P1135, a scramble form of P947 (n = 6), or with the reference contrast agent Gadolinium-DOTA (Gd-DOTA) (n = 3). Sham-operated rats (n = 3) were injected with P947 as controls. Imaging was performed on the animals using a 1.5T MRI scanner before and at different times after injection of contrast agents (100 μmol/kg). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gelatin zymography of culture media conditioned by incubation with perfused aortic segment or control TA from elastase-perfused rats (n = 3) was performed to determine levels of MMP2 and MMP9. In addition, in situ gelatin zymography was used to localize these active MMPs on frozen histologic sections. RESULTS The normalized signal enhancement determined on MRI images was higher in the perfused aortic segment of rats injected with P947 (162%) than in rats injected with P1135 (100%) or Gd-DOTA (117%) (P < 0.01 using the Friedman test) from 5 to 125 minutes after injection. The area of contrast enhancement on MRI images colocalized with the fluorescence generated by MMPs in the AAA inflammatory area, as detected by in situ zymography on histologic sections. CONCLUSION Our data showed that MRI using P947 allows detection of MMP activity within the inflammatory wall of experimental AAAs, thus representing a potential noninvasive method to detect AAAs with a high risk of rupture.
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41
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Faust A, Waschkau B, Waldeck J, Höltke C, Breyholz HJ, Wagner S, Kopka K, Schober O, Heindel W, Schäfers M, Bremer C. Synthesis and evaluation of a novel hydroxamate based fluorescent photoprobe for imaging of matrix metalloproteinases. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 20:904-12. [PMID: 19374404 DOI: 10.1021/bc8004478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in vivo is highly desirable in various human diseases such as cancers. Hydroxamic acids based on CGS27023A or CGS25966 are nonpeptidyl lead structures that specifically target activated MMPs in vivo. The aim of this study was the modification and fluorescent labeling of these lead structures to develop a highly affine, nonpeptide MMP inhibitor (MMPI)-ligand for molecular optical imaging of activated MMPs. An 11 step synthesis was developed involving a PEGylated benzyl derivative as a spacer to minimize the interactions between the activated MMP and the dye of conjugate 11 with an azide as a protected amino function. After reducing the azide (Staudinger reaction) and labeling with Cy5.5, we obtained a CGS-based MMP inhibitor 11 with a fluorescent signaling flag. To evaluate the biological properties of this photoprobe, three human cancer cell lines (A-673, HT-1080 and BT-20) were characterized with respect to their MMP-2 and -9 (gelatinases) expression levels (real-time PCR) and protein levels (Western blotting). Initially, fluorogenic inhibition assays were used to assess the MMP inhibition potential. The PEGylated CGS 10 showed complete inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in vitro both for purified MMP-2/-9 (active and pro-forms) and MMP-2/-9 containing cell culture supernatants. To test the imaging potential in biological tissues, gelatinase activity was measured on tumor cryostat sections of the above-mentioned tumor cells using FITC-labeled dye-quenched gelatin. Gelatinase positive tumors revealed strong binding of CGS-Cy5.5 11, while gelatinase negative tumors were not targeted. In conclusion, this new CGS-based MMP photoprobe has a high affinity for MMP-2 and -9 and is thus a promising candidate for sensitive imaging of MMP activity in various diseases in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Faust
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany.
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42
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Radiofluorinated pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones as molecular probes for noninvasive MMP-targeted imaging. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:777-89. [PMID: 20373323 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases. Representing a subfamily of the metzincin superfamily, MMPs are involved in the proteolytic degradation of components of the extracellular matrix. Unregulated MMP expression, MMP dysregulation and locally increased MMP activity are common features of various diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, stroke, arthritis, and others. Therefore, activated MMPs are suitable biological targets for the specific visualization of such pathologies, in particular by using radiolabeled MMP inhibitors (MMPIs). The aim of this work was to develop a radiofluorinated molecular probe for noninvasive in vivo imaging for the detection of up-regulated levels of activated MMPs in the living organism. Fluorinated MMPIs (26, 31 and 38) based on the pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione lead structure RO 28-2653 (1) were synthesized, and their MMP inhibition potency was evaluated in vitro. The radiosynthesis and the in vivo biodistribution of the first (18)F-labeled prototype, MMP-targeted tracer [(18)F]26, suitable for molecular imaging by means of positron emission tomography (PET) were realized.
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43
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Joshi BP, Wang TD. Exogenous Molecular Probes for Targeted Imaging in Cancer: Focus on Multi-modal Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:1251-87. [PMID: 22180839 PMCID: PMC3237638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2021251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in our health care system. Molecular imaging is an emerging methodology for the early detection of cancer, and the development of exogenous molecular probes that can be labeled for multi-modality imaging is critical to this process. Today, molecular imaging is at crossroad, and new targeted imaging agents are expected to broadly expand our ability to detect pre-malignant lesions. This integrated imaging strategy will permit clinicians to not only localize lesions within the body, but also to visualize the expression and activity of specific molecules. This information is expected to have a major impact on diagnosis, therapy, drug development and understanding of basic cancer biology. At this time, a number of molecular probes have been developed by conjugating various labels to affinity ligands for targeting in different imaging modalities. This review will describe the current status of exogenous molecular probes for optical, nuclear and MRI imaging platforms. Furthermore, we will also shed light on how these techniques can be used synergistically in multi-modal platforms and how these techniques are being employed in current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P. Joshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 1722, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 1722, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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44
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Schäfers M, Schober O, Hermann S. Matrix-Metalloproteinases as Imaging Targets for Inflammatory Activity in Atherosclerotic Plaques. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:663-6. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.065698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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45
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Van Noorden CJF. Imaging enzymes at work: metabolic mapping by enzyme histochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:481-97. [PMID: 20124092 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.955518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For the understanding of functions of proteins in biological and pathological processes, reporter molecules such as fluorescent proteins have become indispensable tools for visualizing the location of these proteins in intact animals, tissues, and cells. For enzymes, imaging their activity also provides information on their function or functions, which does not necessarily correlate with their location. Metabolic mapping enables imaging of activity of enzymes. The enzyme under study forms a reaction product that is fluorescent or colored by conversion of either a fluorogenic or chromogenic substrate or a fluorescent substrate with different spectral characteristics. Most chromogenic staining methods were developed in the latter half of the twentieth century but still find new applications in modern cell biology and pathology. Fluorescence methods have rapidly evolved during the last decade. This review critically evaluates the methods that are available at present for metabolic mapping in living animals, unfixed cryostat sections of tissues, and living cells, and refers to protocols of the methods of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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46
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Abstract
Inflammation is important at many stages of atherosclerotic plaque development. We highlight several imaging modalities that can quantify the degree of plaque inflammation noninvasively. Imaging of this type might allow testing of novel antiatherosclerosis drugs, identification of patients at risk of plaque rupture, and deeper insight into the biology of the disease. The imaging modalities are discussed in relation to their potential use in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H F Rudd
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cambridge University, UK.
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47
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Dragoni E, Calderone V, Fragai M, Jaiswal R, Luchinat C, Nativi C. Biotin-tagged probes for MMP expression and activation: design, synthesis, and binding properties. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:719-27. [PMID: 19275207 DOI: 10.1021/bc8003827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of biotin chain-terminated inhibitors (BTI) showing high affinity for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) on one side and high affinity for avidin through the biotinylated tag on the other are reported. The affinity of the designed BTI toward five different MMPs has been evaluated and the simultaneous formation of a highly stable ternary system Avidin-BTI-MMP clearly assessed. This system will permit the development of new approaches to detect, quantify, or collect MMPs in biological samples, with potential applications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dragoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center - University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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48
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Jaffer FA, Libby P, Weissleder R. Optical and multimodality molecular imaging: insights into atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1017-24. [PMID: 19359659 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.165530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imaging approaches that visualize molecular targets rather than anatomic structures aim to illuminate vital molecular and cellular aspects of atherosclerosis biology in vivo. Several such molecular imaging strategies stand ready for rapid clinical application. This review describes the growing role of in vivo optical molecular imaging in atherosclerosis and highlights its ability to visualize atheroma inflammation, calcification, and angiogenesis. In addition, we discuss advances in multimodality probes, both in the context of multimodal imaging as well as multifunctional, or "theranostic," nanoparticles. This review highlights particular molecular imaging strategies that possess strong potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouc A Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA.
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