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Jaiswal R, Santosh V, Braud B, Washington A, Escalante CR. Cryo-EM Structure of AAV2 Rep68 bound to integration site AAVS1: Insights into the mechanism of DNA melting. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.02.587759. [PMID: 38617369 PMCID: PMC11014581 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The Rep68 protein from Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) is a multifunctional SF3 helicase that performs most of the DNA transactions required for the viral life cycle. During AAV DNA replication, Rep68 assembles at the origin and catalyzes the DNA melting and nicking reactions during the hairpin rolling replication process to complete the second-strand synthesis of the AAV genome. Here, we report the Cryo-EM structures of Rep68 bound to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) containing the sequence of the AAVS1 integration site in different nucleotide-bound states. In the apo state, Rep68 forms a heptameric complex around DNA, with three Origin Binding Domains (OBDs) bound to the Rep Binding Site (RBS) sequence and three other OBDs forming transient dimers with them. The AAA+ domains form an open ring with no interactions between subunits and with DNA. We hypothesize the heptameric quaternary structure is necessary to load onto dsDNA. In the ATPγS-bound state, a subset of three subunits binds the nucleotide, undergoing a large conformational change, inducing the formation of intersubunit interactions interaction and interaction with three consecutive DNA phosphate groups. Moreover, the induced conformational change positions three phenylalanine residues to come in close contact with the DNA backbone, producing a distortion in the DNA. We propose that the phenylalanine residues can potentially act as a hydrophobic wedge in the DNA melting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Jaiswal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond VA, 23298
- Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for the Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR 72205
| | - V. Santosh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond VA, 23298
- Current address: US Army DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, Gunpowder MD
| | - B. Braud
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond VA, 23298
| | - A. Washington
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond VA, 23298
- Current address: Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Carlos R. Escalante
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond VA, 23298
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2
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Jaiswal R, Martínez-Ramón M, Busani T. A semi-empirical approach to calibrate simulation models for semiconductor devices. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10436. [PMID: 37369728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor device optimization using computer-based prototyping techniques like simulation or machine learning digital twins can be time and resource efficient compared to the conventional strategy of iterating over device design variations by fabricating the actual device. Ideally, simulation models require perfect calibration of material parameters for the model to represent a particular semiconductor device. This calibration process itself can require characterization information of the device and its precursors and extensive expert knowledge of non characterizable parameters and their tuning. We propose a hybrid method to calibrate multiple simulation models for a device using minimal characterization data and machine learning-based prediction models. A photovoltaic device is chosen as the example for this technique where optical and electrical simulation models of an industrially manufactured silicon solar cell are calibrated and the simulated device performance is compared with the measurement data from the physical device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jaiswal
- CHTM, University of New Mexico, 1313 Goddard St SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
- ECE, University of New Mexico, 498 Terrace St NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | | | - Tito Busani
- CHTM, University of New Mexico, 1313 Goddard St SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
- ECE, University of New Mexico, 498 Terrace St NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
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3
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Burman P, Jaiswal R, Devi K, Moharana B. Aurintricarboxylic acid protects isoproterenol induced left ventricular hypertrophy by modulating TWEAK signaling. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022; 61:107468. [PMID: 35977688 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2022.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is regarded as a compensation mechanism to overcome the increased workload. Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) is a derivative of quinomethanes and a selective inhibitor of TWEAK/Fn14 pathway. In this study, we investigated the effect of ATA on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS Cardiac hypertrophy in H9C2 cells was induced using ISO 20 μM dissolved in PBS. H9C2 cells were treated with ATA (5 µM, 10 µM, 20 µM) followed by ISO stimulation for 24 h. Male SD rats were injected ISO (5 mg/kg/day, s.c) for 21 days and followed by treatment with ATA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days. Cardiac functions were assessed. After sacrifice, hearts were subjected to histopathological and western blot analysis. RESULTS In in-vitro results, upon ATA treatment, ICC results showed significant decrease in TWEAK and ANP expression. In in-vivo results, echocardiography showed significant restoration of cardiac function in ATA treated rats. Histopathological analysis showed a significant decrease in left ventricular wall thickness, cardiomyocytes width and reduced fibrosis in ATA treated rats. Western blotting showed decreased expression of the cardiac hypertrophy maker ANP, inflammatory markers including TWEAK and apoptotic markers after ATA treatment. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway could be a potential target for therapeutic exploration in ISO induced cardiac hypertrophy. ATA, as an inhibitor of this pathway, exerted significant cardioprotective effect against ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Burman
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rahul Jaiswal
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Kusum Devi
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - Baisakhi Moharana
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India.
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Chadha VK, Praseeja P, Srivastava R, Shivashankar BA, Hemanth Kumar NK, Padmesha R, Suganthi P, Umadevi G, Narayana L, Magesh V, Nagendra N, Puttaswamy G, Jaiswal R, Somashekar N. Pre-treatment delay and out of pocket expenses by notified new tuberculosis patients in an Indian mega city. Indian J Tuberc 2022; 69:446-452. [PMID: 36460374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Study was carried out to find out delay from onset of symptoms and out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) until initiation of anti-TB treatment (ATT) by new Tuberculosis (TB) patients registered in public health facilities in Bengaluru. METHODS Notified patients (N = 228) selected purposively were interviewed at initiation of ATT regarding number and type of facilities visited and delay in initiating ATT. OOPE was elicited separately for in- and out-patient visits, towards consultation, purchase of medicines, diagnostic tests, transportation, hospitalization and food. Dissaving or money borrowed was ascertained. RESULTS Two-thirds of participants were 15-44 years of age and 56% were males, mean annual household income was $4357. About 75% first visited a private health facility; 68% and 87% respectively were diagnosed and started on ATT in public sector after visiting an average of three facilities and after a mean delay of 68 days; the median delay was 44 days. Of mean OOPE of $402, 54% was direct medical expenditure, 5% non-medical direct and 41% indirect. OOPE was higher for Extra-pulmonary TB compared to PTB and when number of health facilities visited before initiating treatment was >3 compared to those who visited ≤3 and when the time interval between onset of symptoms and treatment initiation (total delay) was >28 days compared to when this interval was ≤28 days. About 20% suffered catastrophic expenditure; 34% borrowed money and 37% sold assets. CONCLUSION Concerted efforts are needed to reduce delay and OOPE in pre-treatment period and social protection to account for indirect expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Chadha
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India.
| | - P Praseeja
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India; Data Processing Center, National Statistical Office, Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, Bengaluru, India
| | - R Srivastava
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India
| | - B A Shivashankar
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India
| | - N K Hemanth Kumar
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India
| | - R Padmesha
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India
| | - P Suganthi
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India
| | - G Umadevi
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lakshmi Narayana
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India
| | - V Magesh
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India
| | - N Nagendra
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India
| | - G Puttaswamy
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India
| | - R Jaiswal
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India; National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers, New Delhi, India
| | - N Somashekar
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bengaluru, India
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5
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Singh CR, Jaiswal R, Escalante CR, Asano K. Label-free protocol to quantify protein affinity using isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry of a human eIF5-mimic protein. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101615. [PMID: 36035794 PMCID: PMC9403556 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
eIF5-mimic protein (5MP) controls translation through its interaction with eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2 and eIF3 and alters non-AUG translation rates for oncogenes in cancer and repeat expansions in neurodegenerative disease. To precisely evaluate the effect of 5MP mutations on binding affinity against eIFs, here we describe two label-free protocols of affinity measurement for 5MP binding to eIF2 or eIF3 protein segments, termed isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and bio-layer interferometry (BLI), starting with how to purify proteins used. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Singh et al. (2021). Label-free protocols to quantify protein affinity Isothermal titration calorimetry or ITC titrates heat released by ligand injection Bio-layer interferometry or BLI titrates sensogram responses by ligand binding Protocols for protein purification by nickel-affinity chromatography are included
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
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Chauhan S, Jaiswal R, Kumar A. A clinical profile of severe diphtheria in pediatric intensive care units of North India: A single-center, prospective observational study. J Pediatr Crit Care 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jpcc.jpcc_16_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Khayyat A, Asad M, Aslam A, Rabbani R, Fabara S, Chandramohan S, Unachukwu N, Nasyrlaeva B, Chowdary S, Hammoud G, Jaiswal R. Neuroendocrine tumors and Survival- a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a rare group of epithelial neoplasm present in gastrointestinal tract (GI) (67.5%), bronchopulmonary tree (25.3-30%) and in 15% cases primary sites cannot be identified. Although endoscopic screening, improvement in pathological techniques and early detection have shown improvement in NET survival rates, the prognosis is very poor. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of Gastrointestinal pancreatic NETs (GEP NETs) grade on overall survival.
Methods/Case Report
We searched observational studies describing the overall survival or prognostic factors of primary GEP NETs from May 2011 -May 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. Studies describing the effect of primary grade 3 GEP NETs on overall survival were included. Meta-analysis was performed and pooled hazard ratio and their 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were obtained. The forest plots were created using random effects models and sensitivity analysis was performed to account for the heterogeneity.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
Seven studies with 7692 confirmed patients were included. In our meta-analysis grade 3 GEP NET were associated with higher odds of poor survival (pooled HR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.36–5.47; p = 0.005), with 92% heterogeneity between studies (p < 0.0001). To account for heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis was performed by removing two outlying studies (Fathi et al. and Foubert et al.) on funnel plots. The results after sensitivity analysis did not change and still showed significant association of grade 3 with poor survival (pooled HR: 4.53; 95% CI: 3.54–5.78; p < 0.00001), with no heterogeneity between studies (p = 0.72; I2 = 0%).
Conclusion
Our meta-analysis found that grade 3 GEP NETs is associated with poor survival and additional future studies are needed to identify other risk factors associated with poor survival in GEP NETs to improve the mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khayyat
- Department of Pathology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, UNITED STATES
| | - M Asad
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - A Aslam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, California, UNITED STATES
| | - R Rabbani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES
| | - S Fabara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Catolica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, ECUADOR
| | - S Chandramohan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School Of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - N Unachukwu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Interfaith Medical Center, New York, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - B Nasyrlaeva
- Department of Pathology, SiParadigm Diagnostic Informatics, Pine Brook, New Jersey, UNITED STATES
| | - S Chowdary
- Hospital Medicine, Geisinger Community Medical Center, Scranton, Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES
| | - G Hammoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, MU Health Care, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, UNITED STATES
| | - R Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, UNITED STATES
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Singh CR, Glineburg MR, Moore C, Tani N, Jaiswal R, Zou Y, Aube E, Gillaspie S, Thornton M, Cecil A, Hilgers M, Takasu A, Asano I, Asano M, Escalante CR, Nakamura A, Todd PK, Asano K. Human oncoprotein 5MP suppresses general and repeat-associated non-AUG translation via eIF3 by a common mechanism. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109376. [PMID: 34260931 PMCID: PMC8363759 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
eIF5-mimic protein (5MP) is a translational regulatory protein that binds the small ribosomal subunit and modulates its activity. 5MP is proposed to reprogram non-AUG translation rates for oncogenes in cancer, but its role in controlling non-AUG initiated synthesis of deleterious repeat-peptide products, such as FMRpolyG observed in fragile-X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), is unknown. Here, we show that 5MP can suppress both general and repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation by a common mechanism in a manner dependent on its interaction with eIF3. Essentially, 5MP displaces eIF5 through the eIF3c subunit within the preinitiation complex (PIC), thereby increasing the accuracy of initiation. In Drosophila, 5MP/Kra represses neuronal toxicity and enhances the lifespan in an FXTAS disease model. These results implicate 5MP in protecting cells from unwanted byproducts of non-AUG translation in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingakham Ranjit Singh
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Moore
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Naoki Tani
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Rahul Jaiswal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ye Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Eric Aube
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sarah Gillaspie
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Mackenzie Thornton
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ariana Cecil
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Madelyn Hilgers
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Azuma Takasu
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Izumi Asano
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Masayo Asano
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Carlos R Escalante
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Peter K Todd
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Katsura Asano
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive respiratory support for neonates using bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) delivery systems is now widespread owing to its safety, cost effectiveness and easy applicability. Many innovative solutions have been suggested to deal with the possible shortage in desperate situations like disasters, pandemics and resource-limited settings. Although splitting of invasive ventilation has been reported previously, no attempts to split non-invasive respiratory support have been reported. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to test the feasibility of splitting the bCPAP assembly using a T-piece splitter in a simulation model. METHODS A pilot simulation-based study was done to split a single bCPAP assembly using a T-piece. Other materials consisted of a heated humidification system, an air oxygen blender, corrugated inspiratory and expiratory tubing, nasal interfaces and two intercostal chest tube drainage bags. Two pressure manometers were used simultaneously to measure delivered pressures at different levels of set bCPAPs at the expiratory limb of nasal interfaces. RESULTS Pressures measured at the expiratory end of two nasal interfaces were 5.1 and 5.2 cm H2O, respectively, at a flow of 6 L/min and a water level of 5 cm H2O in both chest bags. When tested across different levels of set continuous positive airway pressure (3-8 cmH2O) and fractional inspired oxygen concentration (0.30-1.0), measured parameters corresponded to set parameters. CONCLUSION bCPAP splitting using a T-piece splitter is a technically simple, feasible and reliable strategy tested in a simulation model. Further testing is needed in a simulated lung model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Verma
- Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Jaiswal
- Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kirti M Naranje
- Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Girish Gupta
- Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anita Singh
- Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Santosh V, Musayev FN, Jaiswal R, Zárate-Pérez F, Vandewinkel B, Dierckx C, Endicott M, Sharifi K, Dryden K, Henckaerts E, Escalante CR. The Cryo-EM structure of AAV2 Rep68 in complex with ssDNA reveals a malleable AAA+ machine that can switch between oligomeric states. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:12983-12999. [PMID: 33270897 PMCID: PMC7736791 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adeno-associated virus (AAV) non-structural Rep proteins catalyze all the DNA transactions required for virus viability including, DNA replication, transcription regulation, genome packaging, and during the latent phase, site-specific integration. Rep proteins contain two multifunctional domains: an Origin Binding Domain (OBD) and a SF3 helicase domain (HD). Studies have shown that Rep proteins have a dynamic oligomeric behavior where the nature of the DNA substrate molecule modulates its oligomeric state. In the presence of ssDNA, Rep68 forms a large double-octameric ring complex. To understand the mechanisms underlying AAV Rep function, we investigated the cryo-EM and X-ray structures of Rep68-ssDNA complexes. Surprisingly, Rep68 generates hybrid ring structures where the OBD forms octameric rings while the HD forms heptamers. Moreover, the binding to ATPγS promotes a large conformational change in the entire AAA+ domain that leads the HD to form both heptamer and hexamers. The HD oligomerization is driven by an interdomain linker region that acts as a latch to 'catch' the neighboring HD subunit and is flexible enough to permit the formation of different stoichiometric ring structures. Overall, our studies show the structural basis of AAV Rep's structural flexibility required to fulfill its multifunctional role during the AAV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishaka Santosh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Faik N Musayev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rahul Jaiswal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Francisco Zárate-Pérez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- The Massey Cancer Center,Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bram Vandewinkel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Dierckx
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Molly Endicott
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kamyar Sharifi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kelly Dryden
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Els Henckaerts
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos R Escalante
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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11
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Huerga Encabo H, Traveset L, Argilaguet J, Angulo A, Nistal-Villán E, Jaiswal R, Escalante CR, Gekas C, Meyerhans A, Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C. The transcription factor NFAT5 limits infection-induced type I interferon responses. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132619. [PMID: 31816635 PMCID: PMC7062515 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huerga Encabo et al. show that NFAT5, previously characterized as a pro-inflammatory transcription factor, limits the IFN-I response to control antiviral defenses and preserve HSC quiescence. NFAT5 represses IFN-I and ISG expression through an evolutionarily conserved DNA element that prevents IRF3 recruitment to the IFNB1 enhanceosome. Type I interferon (IFN-I) provides effective antiviral immunity but can exacerbate harmful inflammatory reactions and cause hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) exhaustion; therefore, IFN-I expression must be tightly controlled. While signaling mechanisms that limit IFN-I induction and function have been extensively studied, less is known about transcriptional repressors acting directly on IFN-I regulatory regions. We show that NFAT5, an activator of macrophage pro-inflammatory responses, represses Toll-like receptor 3 and virus-induced expression of IFN-I in macrophages and dendritic cells. Mice lacking NFAT5 exhibit increased IFN-I production and better control of viral burden upon LCMV infection but show exacerbated HSC activation under systemic poly(I:C)-induced inflammation. We identify IFNβ as a primary target repressed by NFAT5, which opposes the master IFN-I inducer IRF3 by binding to an evolutionarily conserved sequence in the IFNB1 enhanceosome that overlaps a key IRF site. These findings illustrate how IFN-I responses are balanced by simultaneously opposing transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Huerga Encabo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Traveset
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Argilaguet
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villán
- Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rahul Jaiswal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Carlos R Escalante
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Christos Gekas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Siddiqui GF, Siddiqui SA, Verma P, Jaiswal R, Adhaulia A. Pre- and post-sexual exposure prophylaxis of HIV: An update. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2019; 40:184-185. [PMID: 31922114 PMCID: PMC6896383 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_75_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Fatima Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatrics, MLN Medical College, S N Children Hospital, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahid Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatrics, MLN Medical College, S N Children Hospital, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabha Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, MLN Medical College, S N Children Hospital, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Jaiswal
- Department of Pediatrics, MLN Medical College, S N Children Hospital, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aishvarya Adhaulia
- Department of Pediatrics, MLN Medical College, S N Children Hospital, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Makhija H, Roy S, Hoon S, Ghadessy FJ, Wong D, Jaiswal R, Campana D, Dröge P. A novel λ integrase-mediated seamless vector transgenesis platform for therapeutic protein expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:e99. [PMID: 29893931 PMCID: PMC6144826 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in stem cell engineering, gene therapy and molecular medicine often involve genome engineering at a cellular level. However, functionally large or multi transgene cassette insertion into the human genome still remains a challenge. Current practices such as random transgene integration or targeted endonuclease-based genome editing are suboptimal and might pose safety concerns. Taking this into consideration, we previously developed a transgenesis tool derived from phage λ integrase (Int) that precisely recombines large plasmid DNA into an endogenous sequence found in human Long INterspersed Elements-1 (LINE-1). Despite this advancement, biosafety concerns associated with bacterial components of plasmids, enhanced uptake and efficient transgene expression remained problematic. We therefore further improved and herein report a more superior Int-based transgenesis tool. This novel Int platform allows efficient and easy derivation of sufficient amounts of seamless supercoiled transgene vectors from conventional plasmids via intramolecular recombination as well as subsequent intermolecular site-specific genome integration into LINE-1. Furthermore, we identified certain LINE-1 as preferred insertion sites for Int-mediated seamless vector transgenesis, and showed that targeted anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor gene integration achieves high-level sustained transgene expression in human embryonic stem cell clones for potential downstream therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshyaa Makhija
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Suki Roy
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673
| | | | - Desmond Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599
| | - Rahul Jaiswal
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Dario Campana
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599
| | - Peter Dröge
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551.,Nanyang Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building (EMB), 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
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Jaiswal P, Attar BM, Yap JE, Devani K, Jaiswal R, Wang Y, Szynkarek R, Patel D, Demetria M. Acute liver failure with amiodarone infusion: A case report and systematic review. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 43:129-133. [PMID: 28714083 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Amiodarone, a commonly used class III antiarrhythmic agent notable for a relatively long half-life of up to 6 months and its pronounced adverse effect profile, is used for both acute and chronic management of cardiac arrhythmias. Chronic use of amiodarone has been associated with asymptomatic hepatotoxicity; however, acute toxicity is thought to be uncommon. There are only six reported cases of acute liver failure (ALF) secondary to amiodarone. In all these cases the outcome of death during the same hospitalization resulted. We aimed to report the only case of acute liver failure secondary to amiodarone infusion in the existing literature where the patient survived. CASE SUMMARY A 79-year-old woman admitted with atrial flutter was being treated with intravenous (IV) amiodarone when she abruptly developed coagulopathy, altered mental status and liver enzyme derangement. She was diagnosed with acute liver failure (ALF) secondary to an amiodarone adverse drug reaction, with a calculated score of seven on the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale. Amiodarone was immediately withheld, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was initiated. Clinical improvement was seen within 48 hours of holding the drug and within 24 hours of initiating NAC. On post-hospital follow-up visit she was reported to have complete recovery. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This report emphasizes the importance of monitoring liver enzymes and mental status while a patient is being administered IV amiodarone. N-acetylcysteine administration may have possibly contributed to the early and successful recovery from ALF in our patient. To date, she is the only patient in the existing literature who has been reported to survive ALF secondary to amiodarone administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jaiswal
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B M Attar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J E Yap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Devani
- Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - R Jaiswal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Forest Hills Hospital, Forest Hills, NY, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Szynkarek
- Department of Pharmacy, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Darby, PA, USA
| | - M Demetria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
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Jaiswal P, Jaiswal R, Attar BM, Dedania B, Wang Y, Basu A, Go B. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Massive hepatic cystic echinococcosis compressing inferior vena cava. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:339. [PMID: 29372607 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Jaiswal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R Jaiswal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Forest Hills Hospital, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - B M Attar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - B Dedania
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Basu
- Department of Radiology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - B Go
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Jaiswal R, Singh SK, Bastia D, Escalante CR. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the eukaryotic replication terminator Reb1-Ter DNA complex. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:414-8. [PMID: 25849502 PMCID: PMC4388176 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15004112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Reb1 protein from Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a member of a family of proteins that control programmed replication termination and/or transcription termination in eukaryotic cells. These events occur at naturally occurring replication fork barriers (RFBs), where Reb1 binds to termination (Ter) DNA sites and coordinates the polar arrest of replication forks and transcription approaching in opposite directions. The Reb1 DNA-binding and replication-termination domain was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized in complex with a 26-mer DNA Ter site. Batch crystallization under oil was required to produce crystals of good quality for data collection. Crystals grew in space group P2₁, with unit-cell parameters a = 68.9, b = 162.9, c = 71.1 Å, β = 94.7°. The crystals diffracted to a resolution of 3.0 Å. The crystals were mosaic and required two or three cycles of annealing. This study is the first to yield structural information about this important family of proteins and will provide insights into the mechanism of replication and transcription termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jaiswal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Nanyang Technological University, SBS, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore-637551
| | - Samarendra K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deepak Bastia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Carlos R. Escalante
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Raghove P, Jaiswal R, Singh K. Evaluating the effect of preoperative oral gabapentin on postoperative pain in patients receiving spinal anaesthesia for lower limb surgery. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2010.10872711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Singh R, Kraft C, Jaiswal R, Sejwal K, Kasaragod VB, Kuper J, Bürger J, Mielke T, Luirink J, Bhushan S. Cryo-electron microscopic structure of SecA protein bound to the 70S ribosome. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7190-7199. [PMID: 24443566 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SecA is an ATP-dependent molecular motor pumping secretory and outer membrane proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria. SecA associates with the protein-conducting channel, the heterotrimeric SecYEG complex, in a so-called posttranslational manner. A recent study further showed binding of a monomeric state of SecA to the ribosome. However, the true oligomeric state of SecA remains controversial because SecA can also form functional dimers, and high-resolution crystal structures exist for both the monomer and the dimer. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of Escherichia coli SecA bound to the ribosome. We show that not only a monomeric SecA binds to the ribosome but also that two copies of SecA can be observed that form an elongated dimer. Two copies of SecA completely surround the tunnel exit, providing a unique environment to the nascent polypeptides emerging from the ribosome. We identified the N-terminal helix of SecA required for a stable association with the ribosome. The structures indicate a possible function of the dimeric form of SecA at the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Singh
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kraft
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rahul Jaiswal
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Kushal Sejwal
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vikram Babu Kasaragod
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Bürger
- UltraStrukturNetzwerk, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité, Ziegelstrasse 5-8, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mielke
- UltraStrukturNetzwerk, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité, Ziegelstrasse 5-8, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551.
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Sharma P, Mittal V, Chhabra M, Jaiswal R, Singh P, Rawat D, Chauhan L, Rai A. Comparative evaluation of dengue NS1 antigen detection assay and indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) test for detection of dengue virus in C6/36 cell line. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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20
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Gong J, Jaiswal R, Mathys JM, Combes V, Grau G, Bebawy M. Microparticles and their emerging role in cancer multidrug resistance. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Jaiswal R, Panda D. Differential Assembly Properties of Escherichia coli FtsZ and Mycobacterium tuberculosis FtsZ: An Analysis Using Divalent Calcium. J Biochem 2009; 146:733-42. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Dragoni E, Calderone V, Fragai M, Jaiswal R, Luchinat C, Nativi C. Biotin-tagged probes for MMP expression and activation: design, synthesis, and binding properties. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:719-27. [PMID: 19275207 DOI: 10.1021/bc8003827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of biotin chain-terminated inhibitors (BTI) showing high affinity for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) on one side and high affinity for avidin through the biotinylated tag on the other are reported. The affinity of the designed BTI toward five different MMPs has been evaluated and the simultaneous formation of a highly stable ternary system Avidin-BTI-MMP clearly assessed. This system will permit the development of new approaches to detect, quantify, or collect MMPs in biological samples, with potential applications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dragoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center - University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Pokharel SM, Chattopadhyay SK, Jaiswal R, Shakya P. HELLP syndrome--a pregnancy disorder with poor prognosis. Nepal Med Coll J 2008; 10:260-263. [PMID: 19558067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
HELLP syndrome is a pregnancy-specific disorder defined by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count that is found in parturients, more frequent in older multiparas. It is frequently associated with severe preeclampsia or eclampsia, but can also be diagnosed in the absence of these disorders. The etiology of HELLP syndrome is unknown, and the pathogenesis of this disorder (including the hepatological manifestations) is not fully understood. The most widely accepted hypotheses are: a change in the immune feto-maternal balance, platelet aggregation, endothelial dysfunction, arterial hypertension and an inborn error of the fatty acid oxidative metabolism. Hepatic involvement occurs by intravascular fibrin deposition and hypovolemia. Serum LDH and platelet count are the two most important clinical tools for disease assessment. LDH reflects both the extent of hemolysis and hepatic dysfunction. Maternofetal complications cause a 7.0-70.0% perinatal mortality rate and a 1.0-24.0% maternal mortality rate. The recognition of HELLP syndrome and an aggressive multidisciplinary approach and prompt transfer of these women to obstetric centers with expertise in this field are required for the improvement of materno-fetal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Pokharel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of medical sciences, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.
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Bertini I, Calderone V, Fragai M, Jaiswal R, Luchinat C, Melikian M, Mylonas E, Svergun DI. Evidence of reciprocal reorientation of the catalytic and hemopexin-like domains of full-length MMP-12. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7011-21. [PMID: 18465858 DOI: 10.1021/ja710491y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases toward extracellular matrix components (ECM), cytokines, chemokines, and membrane receptors is crucial for several homeostatic and pathological processes. Active MMPs are a family of single-chain enzymes (23 family members in the human genome), most of which constituted by a catalytic domain and by a hemopexin-like domain connected by a linker. The X-ray structures of MMP-1 and MMP-2 suggest a conserved and well-defined spatial relationship between the two domains. Here we present structural data for MMP-12, suitably stabilized against self-hydrolysis, both in solution (NMR and SAXS) and in the solid state (X-ray), showing that the hemopexin-like and the catalytic domains experience conformational freedom with respect to each other on a time scale shorter than 10(-8) s. Hints on the probable conformations are also obtained. This experimental finding opens new perspectives for the often hypothesized active role of the hemopexin-like domain in the enzymatic activity of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Bertini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Chhabra M, Mittal V, Jaiswal R, Malik S, Gupta M, Lal S. DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN IN VITRO ISOLATION OF STREET RABIES VIRUS IN MOUSE NEUROBLASTOMA CELLS AS COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL TESTS USED FOR DIAGNOSIS OF RABIES. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Chhabra M, Mittal V, Jaiswal R, Malik S, Gupta M, Lal S. Development and evaluation of an In vitro isolation of street rabies virus in mouse neuroblastoma cells as compared to conventional tests used for diagnosis of rabies. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007; 25:263-6. [PMID: 17901648 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.34772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In vitro isolation of rabies virus using mouse neuroblastoma cells (MNA) was evaluated. The sensitivity and reliability of in vitro procedure was performed in comparison with mouse inoculation test (MIT), the in vivo method of virus isolation, direct fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and Sellers staining. Of the 33 animal brain samples tested, 24 (72.72%) were positive by MIT. Sensitivity of Sellers stain, FAT and rapid tissue culture infection test (RTCIT) was found to be 54.16, 100 and 91.6% respectively. Concordance of Sellers stain, FAT, RTCIT with MIT was found to be 66.6, 100 and 93.93% respectively. Two samples which were positive by FAT and MIT showed gross contamination in cell lines, which is one of the drawbacks of RTCIT. However, rabies virus could be isolated in MNA cells from two of the eight human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from clinico-epidemiologically suspected cases of rabies. Both MIT and FAT showed negative results in the two CSF samples. RTCIT appears to be a fast and reliable alternative to MIT and holds promise in antemortem diagnosis of rabies, which is otherwise, a challenging task for a reference laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chhabra
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Epidemiology National Institute of Communicable Diseases, New Delhi - 110 054, India.
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Srivastava S, Jaiswal R, Agarwal A, Singh PK, Singh SN. Cytological diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid metastatic to kidney and lung. J Cytol 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.41897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ginis I, Hallenbeck JM, Liu J, Spatz M, Jaiswal R, Shohami E. Tumor necrosis factor and reactive oxygen species cooperative cytotoxicity is mediated via inhibition of NF-kappaB. Mol Med 2000; 6:1028-41. [PMID: 11474119 PMCID: PMC1949928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) plays a key role in pathogenesis of brain injury. However, TNFalpha exhibits no cytotoxicity in primary cultures of brain cells. This discrepancy suggests that other pathogenic stimuli that exist in the setting of brain injury precipitate TNFalpha cytotoxicity. The hypothesis was tested that reactive oxygen species (ROS), that are released early after brain injury, act synergistically with TNFalpha in causing cell death. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultured human and rat brain capillary endothelial cells (RBEC), and cortical astrocytes were treated with TNFalpha alone or together with different doses of H2O2, and apoptotic cell death and DNA fragmentation were measured by means of 3'-OH-terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Hoechst fluorescence assay, respectively. The effect of H2O2 on TNFalpha-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) was measured by Western blots of cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts of RBEC using anti-inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) and anti-p65 subunit of NF-kappaB antibodies. Nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB was investigated by immunofluorescent staining of RBEC with anti-p65 antibodies. RESULTS TNFalpha alone had no cytotoxic effect in brain endothelial cells and astrocytes at concentrations up to 100 ng/ml. Co-treatment with 5-10 microM of H2O2 caused a two-fold increase in the number of apoptotic cells 24 hr later. Similar doses (1-3 microM) of H2O2 initiated early DNA fragmentation. H2O2 inhibited TNFalpha-induced accumulation of p65 in the nucleus, although it had no effect on degradation of the IkappaB in cytoplasm. Immunostaining confirmed that H2O2 inhibited p65 transport to the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Reactive oxygen species could act synergistically with TNFalpha in causing cytotoxicity via inhibition of a cytoprotective branch of TNFalpha signaling pathways, which starts with NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ginis
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4128, USA.
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Mbalaviele G, Abu-Amer Y, Meng A, Jaiswal R, Beck S, Pittenger MF, Thiede MA, Marshak DR. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma pathway inhibits osteoclast differentiation. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:14388-93. [PMID: 10799521 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.19.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor and transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), regulates the activity of other transcription factors in the adipogenic differentiation and inflammatory response pathways. We examined the possible function of the PPAR-gamma pathway in osteoclast (Ocl) formation from CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells (CD34(+) HSCs), using a co-culture system comprised of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and CD34(+) HSCs, both derived from bone marrow. Ocl formation in this co-culture system is enhanced by the addition of exogenous osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), an essential Ocl differentiation factor, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). The data indicate that soluble OPGL (sOPGL) and M-CSF stimulate Ocl formation in the co-cultures up to 4-fold compared with CD34(+) HSCs alone treated with sOPGL and M-CSF. CD34(+) HSCs, but not hMSCs, express PPAR-gamma, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12, 14)-prostaglandin-J2 (15d-PG-J2), a PPAR-gamma agonist, completely blocked the effects of sOPGL and M-CSF on Ocl formation and activity. The inhibitory effect of 15d-PG-J2 is specific to the Ocl lineage in both human and mouse models of osteoclastogenesis. Accordingly, parallel experiments demonstrate that sOPGL activates the NF-kappaB pathway within mouse Ocl progenitors, and this effect was abolished by 15d-PG-J2. These data establish a link between PPAR-gamma and OPGL signaling within Ocl progenitors, and support a role for PPAR-gamma pathway in the modulation of osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mbalaviele
- Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
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Huang TL, Obih PO, Jaiswal R, Hartley WR, Thiyagarajah A. Evaluation of liver and brain esterases in the spotted gar fish (Lepisosteus oculatus) as biomarkers of effect in the lower Mississippi River Basin. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1997; 58:688-95. [PMID: 9115129 DOI: 10.1007/s001289900388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans 70125, USA
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