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Mayer S, Munz E, Hammer S, Wagner S, Guendel A, Rolletschek H, Jakob PM, Borisjuk L, Neuberger T. Quantitative monitoring of paramagnetic contrast agents and their allocation in plant tissues via DCE-MRI. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:47. [PMID: 35410361 PMCID: PMC8996644 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying dynamic processes in living organisms with MRI is one of the most promising research areas. The use of paramagnetic compounds as contrast agents (CA), has proven key to such studies, but so far, the lack of appropriate techniques limits the application of CA-technologies in experimental plant biology. The presented proof-of-principle aims to support method and knowledge transfer from medical research to plant science. RESULTS In this study, we designed and tested a new approach for plant Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (pDCE-MRI). The new approach has been applied in situ to a cereal crop (Hordeum vulgare). The pDCE-MRI allows non-invasive investigation of CA allocation within plant tissues. In our experiments, gadolinium-DTPA, the most commonly used contrast agent in medical MRI, was employed. By acquiring dynamic T1-maps, a new approach visualizes an alteration of a tissue-specific MRI parameter T1 (longitudinal relaxation time) in response to the CA. Both, the measurement of local CA concentration and the monitoring of translocation in low velocity ranges (cm/h) was possible using this CA-enhanced method. CONCLUSIONS A novel pDCE-MRI method is presented for non-invasive investigation of paramagnetic CA allocation in living plants. The temporal resolution of the T1-mapping has been significantly improved to enable the dynamic in vivo analysis of transport processes at low-velocity ranges, which are common in plants. The newly developed procedure allows to identify vascular regions and to estimate their involvement in CA allocation. Therefore, the presented technique opens a perspective for further development of CA-aided MRI experiments in plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mayer
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Munz
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Institute of Experimental Physics 6, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andre Guendel
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Peter M Jakob
- Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 113 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 113 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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2
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Zhang X, Lei T, Du H. Prospect of cell penetrating peptides in stem cell tracking. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:457. [PMID: 34391472 PMCID: PMC8364034 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has shown great efficacy in many diseases. However, the treatment mechanism is still unclear, which is a big obstacle for promoting clinical research. Therefore, it is particularly important to track transplanted stem cells in vivo, find out the distribution and condition of the stem cells, and furthermore reveal the treatment mechanism. Many tracking methods have been developed, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging, and ultrasound imaging (UI). Among them, MRI and UI techniques have been used in clinical. In stem cell tracking, a major drawback of these technologies is that the imaging signal is not strong enough, mainly due to the low cell penetration efficiency of imaging particles. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been widely used for cargo delivery due to its high efficacy, good safety properties, and wide delivery of various cargoes. However, there are few reports on the application of CPPs in current stem cell tracking methods. In this review, we systematically introduced the mechanism of CPPs into cell membranes and their advantages in stem cell tracking, discussed the clinical applications and limitations of CPPs, and finally we summarized several commonly used CPPs and their specific applications in stem cell tracking. Although it is not an innovation of tracer materials, CPPs as a powerful tool have broad prospects in stem cell tracking. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tong Lei
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. .,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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3
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Röhrig C, Huemer M, Lorgé D, Luterbacher S, Phothaworn P, Schefer C, Sobieraj AM, Zinsli LV, Mairpady Shambat S, Leimer N, Keller AP, Eichenseher F, Shen Y, Korbsrisate S, Zinkernagel AS, Loessner MJ, Schmelcher M. Targeting Hidden Pathogens: Cell-Penetrating Enzybiotics Eradicate Intracellular Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. mBio 2020; 11:e00209-20. [PMID: 32291298 PMCID: PMC7157818 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00209-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major concern in human health care, mostly due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Intracellular localization of S. aureus plays a key role in recurrent infections by protecting the pathogens from antibiotics and immune responses. Peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) are highly specific bactericidal enzymes active against both drug-sensitive and -resistant bacteria. However, PGHs able to effectively target intracellular S. aureus are not yet available. To overcome this limitation, we first screened 322 recombineered PGHs for staphylolytic activity under conditions found inside eukaryotic intracellular compartments. The most active constructs were modified by fusion to different cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), resulting in increased uptake and enhanced intracellular killing (reduction by up to 4.5 log units) of various S. aureus strains (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) in different tissue culture infection models. The combined application of synergistic PGH-CPP constructs further enhanced their intracellular efficacy. Finally, synergistically active PGH-CPP cocktails reduced the total S. aureus by more than 2.2 log units in a murine abscess model after peripheral injection. Significantly more intracellular bacteria were killed by the PGH-CPPs than by the PGHs alone. Collectively, our findings show that CPP-fused PGHs are effective novel protein therapeutics against both intracellular and drug-resistant S. aureusIMPORTANCE The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is one of the most urgent problems of our time. Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that has acquired several mechanisms to evade antibiotic treatment. In addition, S. aureus is able to invade and persist within human cells, hiding from the immune response and antibiotic therapies. For these reasons, novel antibacterial strategies against these pathogens are needed. Here, we developed lytic enzymes which are able to effectively target drug-resistant and intracellular S. aureus Fusion of these so-called enzybiotics to cell-penetrating peptides enhanced their uptake and intracellular bactericidal activity in cell culture and in an abscess mouse model. Our results suggest that cell-penetrating enzybiotics are a promising new class of therapeutics against staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Röhrig
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Huemer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Lorgé
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Luterbacher
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Preeda Phothaworn
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Anna M Sobieraj
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Léa V Zinsli
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srikanth Mairpady Shambat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Leimer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja P Keller
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritz Eichenseher
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sunee Korbsrisate
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Loessner
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Schmelcher
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Pinto SM, Tomé V, Calvete MJ, Castro MMC, Tóth É, Geraldes CF. Metal-based redox-responsive MRI contrast agents. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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An Efficient T 1 Contrast Agent for Labeling and Tracking Human Embryonic Stem Cells on MRI. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:3475786. [PMID: 31316306 PMCID: PMC6604499 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3475786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive cell tracking in vivo has the potential to advance stem cell-based therapies into the clinic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an excellent image-guidance platform; however, existing MR cell labeling agents are fraught with limited specificity. To address this unmet need, we developed a highly efficient manganese porphyrin contrast agent, MnEtP, using a two-step synthesis. In vitro MRI at 3 Tesla on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) demonstrated high labeling efficiency at a very low dose of 10 µM MnEtP, resulting in a four-fold lower T1 relaxation time. This extraordinarily low dose is ideal for labeling large cell numbers required for large animals and humans. Cell viability and differentiation capacity were unaffected. Cellular manganese quantification corroborated MRI findings, and the agent localized primarily on the cell membrane. In vivo MRI of transplanted hESCs in a rat demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity of MnEtP for noninvasive stem cell tracking.
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6
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Bermejo-Velasco D, Dou W, Heerschap A, Ossipov D, Hilborn J. Injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogels with the capacity for magnetic resonance imaging. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:641-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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7
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Mathieu E, Sipos A, Demeyere E, Phipps D, Sakaveli D, Borbas KE. Lanthanide-based tools for the investigation of cellular environments. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10021-10035. [PMID: 30101249 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biological probes constructed from lanthanides can provide a variety of readout signals, such as the luminescence of Eu(iii), Tb(iii), Yb(iii), Sm(iii) and Dy(iii), and the proton relaxation enhancement of Gd(iii) and Eu(ii). For numerous applications the intracellular delivery of the lanthanide probe is essential. Here, we review the methods for the intracellular delivery of non-targeted complexes (i.e. where the overall complex structure enhances cellular uptake), as well as complexes attached to a targeting unit (i.e. to a peptide or a small molecule) that facilitates delivery. The cellular applications of lanthanide-based supramolecules (dendrimers, metal organic frameworks) are covered briefly. Throughout, we emphasize the techniques that can confirm the intracellular localization of the lanthanides and those that enable the determination of the fate of the probes once inside the cell. Finally, we highlight methods that have not yet been applied in the context of lanthanide-based probes, but have been successful in the intracellular delivery of other metal-based probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Mathieu
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
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8
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Zhang P, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhang H, Lin H, Deng Z, Tan B. Cell-assembled nanoclusters of MSC-targeting Gd-DOTA-peptide as a T 2 contrast agent for MRI cell tracking. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3077. [PMID: 29582508 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic peptide CC9 that targets cell membrane of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is coupled with Gd-DOTA to yield a Gd-DOTA-CC9 complex as MRI contrast agent. It is used to label human MSCs (hMSCs) via electroporation. Electroporation-labeling of hMSCs with Gd-DOTA-CC9 induces cell-assembly of Gd-DOTA-CC9 nanoclusters in the cytoplasm, significantly promotes cell-labeling efficacy and intracellular retention time of the agent. In vitro MRI of labeled hMSCs exhibits significant signal reduction under T2 -weighted MRI, which can allow long-term tracking of labeled cell transplants in in vivo migration. The labeling strategy is safe in cytotoxicity and differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengli Zhang
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface and Division of Nanobionics Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface and Division of Nanobionics Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Binbin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface and Division of Nanobionics Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hailu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface and Division of Nanobionics Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haixia Lin
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zongwu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface and Division of Nanobionics Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bo Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface and Division of Nanobionics Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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9
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Rammohan N, Holbrook RJ, Rotz MW, MacRenaris KW, Preslar AT, Carney CE, Reichova V, Meade TJ. Gd(III)-Gold Nanoconjugates Provide Remarkable Cell Labeling for High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:153-160. [PMID: 27537821 PMCID: PMC5243168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In vivo cell tracking is vital for understanding migrating cell populations, particularly cancer and immune cells. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for long-term tracking of transplanted cells in live organisms requires cells to effectively internalize Gd(III) contrast agents (CAs). Clinical Gd(III)-based CAs require high dosing concentrations and extended incubation times for cellular internalization. To combat this, we have devised a series of Gd(III)-gold nanoconjugates (Gd@AuNPs) with varied chelate structure and nanoparticle-chelate linker length, with the goal of labeling and imaging breast cancer cells. These new Gd@AuNPs demonstrate significantly enhanced labeling compared to previous Gd(III)-gold-DNA nanoconstructs. Variations in Gd(III) loading, surface packing, and cell uptake were observed among four different Gd@AuNP formulations suggesting that linker length and surface charge play an important role in cell labeling. The best performing Gd@AuNPs afforded 23.6 ± 3.6 fmol of Gd(III) per cell at an incubation concentration of 27.5 μM-this efficiency of Gd(III) payload delivery (Gd(III)/cell normalized to dose) exceeds that of previous Gd(III)-Au conjugates and most other Gd(III)-nanoparticle formulations. Further, Gd@AuNPs were well-tolerated in vivo in terms of biodistribution and clearance, and supports future cell tracking applications in whole-animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew W. Rotz
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Keith W. MacRenaris
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Adam T. Preslar
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Christiane E. Carney
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Viktorie Reichova
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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10
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Loai S, Haedicke I, Mirzaei Z, Simmons CA, Zhang XA, Cheng HL. Positive-contrast cellular MRI of embryonic stem cells for tissue regeneration using a highly efficientT1MRI contrast agent. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:1456-1463. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sadi Loai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Inga Haedicke
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences; University of Toronto Scarborough; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Zahra Mirzaei
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Craig A. Simmons
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Xiao-an Zhang
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences; University of Toronto Scarborough; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Hai Ling Cheng
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research; Toronto ON Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Toronto Toronto; ON Canada
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11
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Haedicke IE, Li T, Zhu YLK, Martinez F, Hamilton AM, Murrell DH, Nofiele JT, Cheng HLM, Scholl TJ, Foster PJ, Zhang XA. An enzyme-activatable and cell-permeable Mn III-porphyrin as a highly efficient T1 MRI contrast agent for cell labeling. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4308-4317. [PMID: 30155077 PMCID: PMC6013825 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04252f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MnAMP, a cell-trappable pro-contrast agent gets enzymatically activated and accumulated intracellularly to provide a strong MRI signal for cell labeling.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a preferred technique for noninvasively monitoring the fate of implanted cells, such as stem cells and immune cells in vivo. Cellular MRI requires contrast agents (CAs) to label the cells of interest. Despite promising progress made in this emerging field, highly sensitive, stable and biocompatible T1 CAs with high cell permeability and specificity remains an unmet challenge. To address this need, a novel MnIII-porphyrin, MnAMP was designed and synthesized based on the modification of MnIIItetra(carboxy-porphyrin) (MnTCP), a small and highly stable non-Gd extracellular CA with good biocompatibility and high T1 relaxivity (r1 = 7.9 mM–1 s–1) at clinical field of 3 Tesla (T). Cell permeability was achieved by masking the polar carboxylates of MnTCP with acetoxymethyl-ester (AM) groups, which are susceptible to hydrolysis by intracellular esterases. The enzymatic cleavage of AM groups led to disaggregation of the hydrophobic MnAMP, releasing activated MnTCP with significant increase in T1 relaxivity. Cell uptake of MnAMP is highly efficient as tested on two non-phagocytic human cell lines with no side effects observed on cell viability. MRI of labeled cells exhibited significant contrast enhancement with a short T1 of 161 ms at 3 T, even though a relatively low concentration of MnAMP and short incubation time was applied for cell labeling. Overall, MnAMP is among the most efficient T1 cell labeling agents developed for cellular MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga E Haedicke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5S 3H6 , Canada . .,Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences , University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail , Toronto , ON M1C 1A4 , Canada
| | - Tan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail , Toronto , ON M1C 1A4 , Canada
| | - Yong Le K Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5S 3H6 , Canada . .,Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences , University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail , Toronto , ON M1C 1A4 , Canada
| | - Francisco Martinez
- Imaging Research Laboratories , Robarts Research Institute , 1151 Richmond St. N , London , ON N6A 5B7 , Canada . ; .,Department of Medical Biophysics , Western University , 1151 Richmond St. N , N6A 5C1 , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Amanda M Hamilton
- Imaging Research Laboratories , Robarts Research Institute , 1151 Richmond St. N , London , ON N6A 5B7 , Canada . ; .,Department of Medical Biophysics , Western University , 1151 Richmond St. N , N6A 5C1 , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Donna H Murrell
- Imaging Research Laboratories , Robarts Research Institute , 1151 Richmond St. N , London , ON N6A 5B7 , Canada . ; .,Department of Medical Biophysics , Western University , 1151 Richmond St. N , N6A 5C1 , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Joris T Nofiele
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine , The Research Institute , Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Hai-Ling M Cheng
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine , The Research Institute , Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5G 1X8.,Translational Biology & Engineering Program , Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3G9.,The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3G9.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3G9 .
| | - Timothy J Scholl
- Imaging Research Laboratories , Robarts Research Institute , 1151 Richmond St. N , London , ON N6A 5B7 , Canada . ; .,Department of Medical Biophysics , Western University , 1151 Richmond St. N , N6A 5C1 , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Imaging Research Laboratories , Robarts Research Institute , 1151 Richmond St. N , London , ON N6A 5B7 , Canada . ; .,Department of Medical Biophysics , Western University , 1151 Richmond St. N , N6A 5C1 , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Xiao-An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5S 3H6 , Canada . .,Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences , University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail , Toronto , ON M1C 1A4 , Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences , University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail , Toronto , ON M1C 1A4 , Canada
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12
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Sun X, Chen Y, Wu N, Kang CS, Song HA, Jin S, Fu Y, Bryant H, Frank JA, Chong HS. Application of aziridinium ring opening for preparation of optically active diamine and triamine analogues: Highly efficient synthesis and evaluation of DTPA-based MRI contrast enhancement agents. RSC Adv 2015; 5:94571-94581. [PMID: 26989478 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring opening of aziridinium ions with nitrogen nucleophiles was applied to the highly efficient synthesis of optically active vicinal diamines and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) analogues as potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement agents. The synthetic method features a column-free isolation of the regiospecific and stereospecific nucleophilic substitution products of enantiomerically enriched aziridinium ions in excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ningjie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyun A Song
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shengnan Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Henry Bryant
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph A Frank
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyun-Soon Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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13
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Carney CE, MacRenaris KW, Meade TJ. Water-soluble lipophilic MR contrast agents for cell membrane labeling. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015. [PMID: 26215869 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Long-term cell tracking using MR imaging necessitates the development of contrast agents that both label and are retained by cells. One promising strategy for long-term cell labeling is the development of lipophilic Gd(III)-based contrast agents that anchor into the cell membrane. We have previously reported the efficacy of monomeric and multimeric lipophilic agents and showed that the monomeric agents have improved labeling and contrast enhancement of cell populations. Here, we report on the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro testing of a series of monomeric lipophilic contrast agents with varied alkyl chain compositions. We show that these agents disperse in water, localize to the cell membrane, and label HeLa and MCF7 cells effectively. Additionally, these agents have up to tenfold improved retention in cells compared to clinically available ProHance(®).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane E Carney
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA
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14
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Goglio G, Kaur G, Pinho SLC, Penin N, Blandino A, Geraldes CFGC, Garcia A, Delville MH. Glycine-Nitrate Process for the Elaboration of Eu3+-Doped Gd2O3Bimodal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Ye D, Pandit P, Kempen P, Lin J, Xiong L, Sinclair R, Rutt B, Rao J. Redox-triggered self-assembly of gadolinium-based MRI probes for sensing reducing environment. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1526-36. [PMID: 24992373 PMCID: PMC4140571 DOI: 10.1021/bc500254g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
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Controlled
self-assembly of small molecule gadolinium (Gd) complexes
into nanoparticles (GdNPs) is emerging as an effective approach to
design activatable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes and amplify
the r1 relaxivity. Herein, we employ a
reduction-controlled macrocyclization reaction and self-assembly to
develop a redox activated Gd-based MRI probe for sensing a reducing
environment. Upon disulfide reduction at physiological conditions,
an acyclic contrast agent 1 containing dual Gd-chelates
undergoes intramolecular macrocyclization to form rigid and hydrophobic
macrocycles, which subsequently self-assemble into GdNPs, resulting
in a ∼60% increase in r1 relaxivity
at 0.5 T. Probe 1 has high r1 relaxivity (up to 34.2 mM–1 s–1 per molecule at 0.5 T) upon activation, and also shows a high sensitivity
and specificity for MR detection of thiol-containing biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deju Ye
- Molecular Imaging Program, Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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16
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Tachibana Y, Enmi JI, Agudelo CA, Iida H, Yamaoka T. Long-Term/Bioinert Labeling of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells with PVA-Gd Conjugates and MRI Monitoring of the Labeled Cell Survival after Intramuscular Transplantation. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1243-51. [DOI: 10.1021/bc400463t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Tachibana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Enmi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Carlos A. Agudelo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Iida
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yamaoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
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17
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Carney CE, MacRenaris KW, Mastarone DJ, Kasjanski DR, Hung AH, Meade TJ. Cell labeling via membrane-anchored lipophilic MR contrast agents. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:945-54. [PMID: 24787689 PMCID: PMC4033656 DOI: 10.1021/bc500083t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
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Cell tracking in vivo with MR imaging requires
the development of contrast agents with increased sensitivity that
effectively label and are retained by cells. Most
clinically approved Gd(III)-based contrast agents require high incubation
concentrations and prolonged incubation times for cellular internalization.
Strategies to increase contrast agent permeability have included conjugating
Gd(III) complexes to cell penetrating peptides, nanoparticles, and
small molecules which have greatly improved cell labeling but have
not resulted in improved cellular retention. To overcome these challenges,
we have synthesized a series of lipophilic Gd(III)-based MR contrast
agents that label cell membranes in vitro. Two of
the agents were synthesized with a multiplexing strategy to contain
three Gd(III) chelates (1 and 2) while the
third contains a single Gd(III) chelate (3). These new
agents exhibit significantly enhanced labeling and retention in HeLa
and MDA-MB-231-mcherry cells compared to agents that are internalized
by cells (4 and Prohance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane E Carney
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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18
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Tsitovich PB, Burns PJ, McKay AM, Morrow JR. Redox-activated MRI contrast agents based on lanthanide and transition metal ions. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 133:143-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Cao L, Li B, Yi P, Zhang H, Dai J, Tan B, Deng Z. The interplay of T1- and T2-relaxation on T1-weighted MRI of hMSCs induced by Gd-DOTA-peptides. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4168-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Xue S, Qiao J, Jiang J, Hubbard K, White N, Wei L, Li S, Liu ZR, Yang JJ. Design of ProCAs (protein-based Gd(3+) MRI contrast agents) with high dose efficiency and capability for molecular imaging of cancer biomarkers. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1070-99. [PMID: 24615853 DOI: 10.1002/med.21313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the leading imaging technique for disease diagnostics, providing high resolution, three-dimensional images noninvasively. MRI contrast agents are designed to improve the contrast and sensitivity of MRI. However, current clinically used MRI contrast agents have relaxivities far below the theoretical upper limit, which largely prevent advancing molecular imaging of biomarkers with desired sensitivity and specificity. This review describes current progress in the development of a new class of protein-based MRI contrast agents (ProCAs) with high relaxivity using protein design to optimize the parameters that govern relaxivity. Further, engineering with targeting moiety allows these contrast agents to be applicable for molecular imaging of prostate cancer biomarkers by MRI. The developed protein-based contrast agents also exhibit additional in vitro and in vivo advantages for molecular imaging of disease biomarkers, such as high metal-binding stability and selectivity, reduced toxicity, proper blood circulation time, and higher permeability in tumor tissue in addition to improved relaxivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Xue
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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21
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Rajendran M, Yapici E, Miller LW. Lanthanide-based imaging of protein-protein interactions in live cells. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:1839-53. [PMID: 24144069 PMCID: PMC3944735 DOI: 10.1021/ic4018739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to deduce the molecular mechanisms of biological function, it is necessary to monitor changes in the subcellular location, activation, and interaction of proteins within living cells in real time. Förster resonance energy-transfer (FRET)-based biosensors that incorporate genetically encoded, fluorescent proteins permit high spatial resolution imaging of protein-protein interactions or protein conformational dynamics. However, a nonspecific fluorescence background often obscures small FRET signal changes, and intensity-based biosensor measurements require careful interpretation and several control experiments. These problems can be overcome by using lanthanide [Tb(III) or Eu(III)] complexes as donors and green fluorescent protein (GFP) or other conventional fluorophores as acceptors. Essential features of this approach are the long-lifetime (approximately milliseconds) luminescence of Tb(III) complexes and time-gated luminescence microscopy. This allows pulsed excitation, followed by a brief delay, which eliminates nonspecific fluorescence before the detection of Tb(III)-to-GFP emission. The challenges of intracellular delivery, selective protein labeling, and time-gated imaging of lanthanide luminescence are presented, and recent efforts to investigate the cellular uptake of lanthanide probes are reviewed. Data are presented showing that conjugation to arginine-rich, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can be used as a general strategy for the cellular delivery of membrane-impermeable lanthanide complexes. A heterodimer of a luminescent Tb(III) complex, Lumi4, linked to trimethoprim and conjugated to nonaarginine via a reducible disulfide linker rapidly (∼10 min) translocates into the cytoplasm of Maden Darby canine kidney cells from the culture medium. With this reagent, the intracellular interaction between GFP fused to FK506 binding protein 12 (GFP-FKBP12) and the rapamycin binding domain of mTOR fused to Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (FRB-eDHFR) were imaged at high signal-to-noise ratio with fast (1-3 s) image acquisition using a time-gated luminescence microscope. The data reviewed and presented here show that lanthanide biosensors enable fast, sensitive, and technically simple imaging of protein-protein interactions in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Engin Yapici
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Lawrence W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607
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22
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Diniz JR, Correa JR, Moreira DDA, Fontenele RS, de Oliveira AL, Abdelnur PV, Dutra JDL, Freire RO, Rodrigues MO, Neto BAD. Water-Soluble Tb3+ and Eu3+ Complexes with Ionophilic (Ionically Tagged) Ligands as Fluorescence Imaging Probes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:10199-205. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4017678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrícia V. Abdelnur
- National Center for Agroenergy Research, Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research, EMBRAPA Agroenergy, 3448-4246
Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - José D. L. Dutra
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão,
Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O. Freire
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão,
Sergipe, Brazil
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23
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Ta R, Suchy M, Tam JHK, Li AX, Martinez-Santiesteban FS, Scholl TJ, Hudson RHE, Bartha R, Pasternak SH. A dual magnetic resonance imaging/fluorescent contrast agent for Cathepsin-D detection. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:127-39. [PMID: 23281285 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently there are no approved biomarkers for the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cathepsin-D (Cat-D) is a lysosomal protease that is present at elevated levels in amyloid plaques and neurons in patients with AD and is also elevated in some cancers. We have developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/fluorescent contrast agent to detect Cat-D enzymatic activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular and tissue uptake of this MRI/fluorescent contrast agent. The agent consists of an MRI probe [DOTA-caged metal ion (Gd³⁺ or Tm³⁺)] and a fluorescent probe coupled to a cell-penetrating-peptide sequence by a Cat-D recognition site. The relaxivity of Gd³⁺-DOTA-CAT(cleaved) was measured in 10% heat-treated bovine serum albumin (BSA) phantoms to assess contrast efficacy at magnetic fields ranging from 0.24 mT to 9.4 T. In vitro, Tm³⁺-DOTA-CAT was added to neuronal SN56 cells over-expressing Cat-D and live-cell confocal microscropy was performed at 30 min. Tm³⁺-DOTA-CAT was also intravenously injected into APP/PS1-dE9 Alzheimer's disease mice (n = 9) and controls (n = 8). Cortical and hippocampal uptake was quantified at 30, 60 and 120 min post-injection using confocal microscopy. The liver and kidneys were also evaluated for contrast agent uptake. The relaxivity of Gd³⁺-DOTA-CAT(cleaved) was 3.3 (mM s)⁻¹ in 10% BSA at 9.4 T. In vitro, cells over-expressing Cat-D preferentially took up the contrast agent in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, the contrast agent effectively crossed the blood-brain barrier and exhibited a distinct time course of uptake and retention in APP/PS1-dE9 transgenic mice compared with age-matched controls. At clinical and high magnetic field strengths, Gd³⁺-DOTA-CAT produced greater T₁ relaxivity than Gd³⁺-DTPA. Tm³⁺-DOTA-CAT was taken up in a dose-dependent manner in cells over-expressing Cathepsin-D and was shown to transit the blood-brain barrier in vivo. This strategy may be useful for the in vivo detection of enzyme activity and for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ta
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Gopal V. Bioinspired peptides as versatile nucleic acid delivery platforms. J Control Release 2013; 167:323-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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Suchý M, Li AX, Milne M, Bartha R, Hudson RHE. DOTAM-type ligands possessing arginine pendant groups for use in PARACEST MRI. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 7:441-9. [PMID: 22821878 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic methodology was developed for the preparation of metal-chelating ligands that possess arginine pendant groups relying on the alkylation of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) with arginine-containing electrophiles. Conditions for the selective trialkylation or peralkylation of cyclen are described, the outcome being dependent on the nature of the arginine-derived electrophile and the solvent used for the reaction. Lanthanide metal complexes of the ligands prepared by the described route were evaluated for their suitability as PARACEST contrast agents for use in magnetic resonance imaging. The Dy(3+) and Tm(3+) complexes display CEST effects that are associated with the amide protons proximate to the metal center. These signals exhibit pH dependence in the range of 6.0-8.0 and thus may have the potential for pH measurement in physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojmír Suchý
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
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26
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Vogt S, Ralle M. Opportunities in multidimensional trace metal imaging: taking copper-associated disease research to the next level. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:1809-20. [PMID: 23079951 PMCID: PMC3566297 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper plays an important role in numerous biological processes across all living systems predominantly because of its versatile redox behavior. Cellular copper homeostasis is tightly regulated and disturbances lead to severe disorders such as Wilson disease and Menkes disease. Age-related changes of copper metabolism have been implicated in other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease. The role of copper in these diseases has been a topic of mostly bioinorganic research efforts for more than a decade, metal-protein interactions have been characterized, and cellular copper pathways have been described. Despite these efforts, crucial aspects of how copper is associated with Alzheimer disease, for example, are still only poorly understood. To take metal-related disease research to the next level, emerging multidimensional imaging techniques are now revealing the copper metallome as the basis to better understand disease mechanisms. This review describes how recent advances in X-ray fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent copper probes have started to contribute to this field, specifically in Wilson disease and Alzheimer disease. It furthermore provides an overview of current developments and future applications in X-ray microscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239
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27
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Santra S, Jativa SD, Kaittanis C, Normand G, Grimm J, Perez JM. Gadolinium-encapsulating iron oxide nanoprobe as activatable NMR/MRI contrast agent. ACS NANO 2012; 6:7281-94. [PMID: 22809405 PMCID: PMC3429787 DOI: 10.1021/nn302393e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a novel gadolinium-encapsulating iron oxide nanoparticle-based activatable NMR/MRI nanoprobe. In our design, Gd-DTPA is encapsulated within the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) polymer coating of a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (IO-PAA), yielding a composite magnetic nanoprobe (IO-PAA-Gd-DTPA) with quenched longitudinal spin-lattice magnetic relaxation (T(1)). Upon release of the Gd-DTPA complex from the nanoprobe's polymeric coating in acidic media, an increase in the T(1) relaxation rate (1/T(1)) of the composite magnetic nanoprobe was observed, indicating a dequenching of the nanoprobe with a corresponding increase in the T(1)-weighted MRI signal. When a folate-conjugated nanoprobe was incubated in HeLa cells, a cancer cell line overexpressing folate receptors, an increase in the 1/T(1) signal was observed. This result suggests that, upon receptor-mediated internalization, the composite magnetic nanoprobe degraded within the cell's lysosome acidic (pH 5.0) environment, resulting in an intracellular release of Gd-DTPA complex with subsequent T(1) activation. In addition, when an anticancer drug (Taxol) was coencapsulated with the Gd-DTPA within the folate receptor targeting composite magnetic nanoprobe, the T(1) activation of the probe coincided with the rate of drug release and corresponding cytotoxic effect in cell culture studies. Taken together, these results suggest that our activatable T(1) nanoagent could be of great importance for the detection of acidic tumors and assessment of drug targeting and release by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santimukul Santra
- Nanoscience Technology Center and Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826. USA
| | - Samuel D. Jativa
- Nanoscience Technology Center and Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826. USA
| | - Charalambos Kaittanis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guillaume Normand
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J. Manuel Perez
- Nanoscience Technology Center and Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826. USA
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28
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Novel imaging chelates for drug discovery. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:576-82. [PMID: 22884905 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of organic frameworks designed to coordinate metal ions or chelates to medical imaging has allowed for significant breakthroughs in the identification of many disease states. These identified disease states such as cancerous, cardiovascular and neurological, which provide excellent targets for novel drugs, and without the imaging chelates would certainly not have been discovered. In this article we will present a series of novel imaging chelates that have influenced drug discovery.
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29
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Mohandessi S, Rajendran M, Magda D, Miller LW. Cell-penetrating peptides as delivery vehicles for a protein-targeted terbium complex. Chemistry 2012; 18:10825-9. [PMID: 22807190 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Release after transmission: Arginine-rich, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) mediate cytoplasmic delivery of trimethoprim (TMP)-terbium complex conjugates and selective, intracellular labeling of E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR) fusion proteins. A disulfide bond linking CPP and cargo is reduced following uptake. CPP conjugation can be used to deliver otherwise cell-impermeable, ligand-fluorophore conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Mohandessi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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30
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Dmitriev RI, Ropiak HM, Ponomarev GV, Yashunsky DV, Papkovsky DB. Cell-Penetrating Conjugates of Coproporphyrins with Oligoarginine Peptides: Rational Design and Application for Sensing Intracellular O2. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2507-18. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200324q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan I. Dmitriev
- Biochemistry Department, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building,
Cork, Ireland
| | - Honorata M. Ropiak
- Biochemistry Department, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building,
Cork, Ireland
| | - Gelii V. Ponomarev
- Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Pogodinskaia Ul.
10/2, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri V. Yashunsky
- Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Pogodinskaia Ul.
10/2, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri B. Papkovsky
- Biochemistry Department, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building,
Cork, Ireland
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31
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Yamane T, Hanaoka K, Muramatsu Y, Tamura K, Adachi Y, Miyashita Y, Hirata Y, Nagano T. Method for Enhancing Cell Penetration of Gd3+-based MRI Contrast Agents by Conjugation with Hydrophobic Fluorescent Dyes. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2227-36. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200127t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Yamane
- Graduate School of
Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1,
Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo,
102-0075, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of
Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1,
Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo,
102-0075, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Muramatsu
- Graduate School of
Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1,
Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo,
102-0075, Japan
| | - Keita Tamura
- Department
of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1,
Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Department
of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1,
Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyashita
- Department
of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1,
Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Hirata
- Department of Cardiovascular
Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Graduate School of
Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1,
Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo,
102-0075, Japan
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Zhang W, Chen Y, Guo DJ, Huang ZW, Cai L, He L. The synthesis of a d-glucosamine contrast agent, Gd-DTPA-DG, and its application in cancer molecular imaging with MRI. Eur J Radiol 2011; 79:369-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ai H. Layer-by-layer capsules for magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:772-88. [PMID: 21554908 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled polyelectrolyte capsules have demonstrated their unique advantages and capability in drug delivery applications. These ordered micro/nano-structures are also promising candidates as imaging contrast agents for diagnostic and theranostic applications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), one of the most powerful clinical imaging modalities, is moving forward to the molecular imaging field and requires the availability of advanced imaging probes. In this review, we are focusing on the design of MRI visible LbL capsules, which incorporate either paramagnetic metal-ligand complexes or superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. The design criteria cover the topics of probe sensitivity, biosafety, long-circulation property, targeting ligand decoration, and drug loading strategies. Examples of MRI visible LbL capsules with paramagnetic or superparamagnetic moieties were given and discussed. This carrier platform can also be chosen for other imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zelenka K, Borsig L, Alberto R. Metal complex mediated conjugation of peptides to nucleus targeting acridine orange: a modular concept for dual-modality imaging agents. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:958-67. [PMID: 21480670 DOI: 10.1021/bc2000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To target the nucleus of specific cells, trifunctional radiopharmaceuticals are required. We have synthesized acridine orange derivatives which comprise an imidazole-2-carbaldehyde function for coordination to the [Re(CO)₃](+) or [(99m)Tc(CO)₃](+) core. Upon coordination, this aldehyde is activated and rapidly forms imines with amines from biological molecules. This metal-mediated imine formation allows for the conjugation of a nuclear targeting portion with a specific cell receptor binding function directly on the metal. With this concept, we have conjugated the acridine orange part to a bombesin peptide directly on the (99m)Tc core and in one step. In addition, a linker containing an integrated disulfide has been coupled to bombesin. LC/MS study showed that the disulfide was reductively cleaved with a 60 min half-life time. This concept enables the combination of a nucleus targeting agent with a specific cell receptor molecule directly on the metal without the need of separate conjugation prior to labeling, thus, a modular approach. High uptake of the BBN conjugate into PC-3 cells was detected by fluorescence microscopy, whereas uptake into B16BL6 cells was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Zelenka
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, Switzerland
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Kotková Z, Kotek J, Jirák D, Jendelová P, Herynek V, Berková Z, Hermann P, Lukeš I. Cyclodextrin-Based Bimodal Fluorescence/MRI Contrast Agents: An Efficient Approach to Cellular Imaging. Chemistry 2010; 16:10094-102. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Digilio G, Menchise V, Gianolio E, Catanzaro V, Carrera C, Napolitano R, Fedeli F, Aime S. Exofacial Protein Thiols as a Route for the Internalization of Gd(III)-Based Complexes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cell Labeling. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4877-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901876r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valeria Menchise
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages (CNR), c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Eliana Gianolio
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Catanzaro
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Fedeli
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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Weiss CJ, Marks TJ. Organo-f-element catalysts for efficient and highly selective hydroalkoxylation and hydrothiolation. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6576-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c003089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan McRae
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - S. Sumalekshmy
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Christoph J. Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Ortega R, Devès G, Carmona A. Bio-metals imaging and speciation in cells using proton and synchrotron radiation X-ray microspectroscopy. J R Soc Interface 2009; 6 Suppl 5:S649-58. [PMID: 19605403 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0166.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct detection of biologically relevant metals in single cells and of their speciation is a challenging task that requires sophisticated analytical developments. The aim of this article is to present the recent achievements in the field of cellular chemical element imaging, and direct speciation analysis, using proton and synchrotron radiation X-ray micro- and nano-analysis. The recent improvements in focusing optics for MeV-accelerated particles and keV X-rays allow application to chemical element analysis in subcellular compartments. The imaging and quantification of trace elements in single cells can be obtained using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The combination of PIXE with backscattering spectrometry and scanning transmission ion microscopy provides a high accuracy in elemental quantification of cellular organelles. On the other hand, synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence provides chemical element imaging with less than 100 nm spatial resolution. Moreover, synchrotron radiation offers the unique capability of spatially resolved chemical speciation using micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The potential of these methods in biomedical investigations will be illustrated with examples of application in the fields of cellular toxicology, and pharmacology, bio-metals and metal-based nano-particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ortega
- Cellular Chemical Imaging and Speciation Group, CNAB, CNRS UMR 5084, University of Bordeaux, 33175 Gradignan, France.
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