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Wei B, Weng N, Fu L, Li Y, Wang X, Yin R, Jiang T. Synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of a myelin-specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of myelination in central nervous system. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 84:117257. [PMID: 37001243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Demyelination exists in many neurological diseases of nervous system, such as stroke. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the main tool for diagnosing and monitoring the myelin related diseases. However, the conventional MRI unable to distinguish demyelinating lesions from other inflammatory lesions. To address this problem, we have designed and prepared a myelin specific magnetic resonance contrast agent, Gd-DTDAS, which was based myelin specific moiety MeDASg and Gd-DTPAh. In this work, we verified the specificity and sensitivity of Gd-DTDAS to myelin. Moreover, we investigated the specific binding ability of Gd-DTDAS to myelin sheath in the MCAO micei models. The in vivo imaging results showed that Gd-DTDAS can bind to the undamaged myelin sheath in the BBB disruption areas, and in turn reduce the relaxation time. The fluorescence images also showed significant fluorescence in the brain right infarct area of the MCAO model mice with administration of Gd-DTDAS. The above results confirmed that Gd-DTDAS could be preferentially distributed in areas with high myelination and can detect focally induced demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Na Weng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China.
| | - Ruijuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qiangdao, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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2
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An Activatable T 1-Weighted MR Contrast Agent: A Noninvasive Tool for Tracking the Vicinal Thiol Motif of Thioredoxin in Live Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072018. [PMID: 33916181 PMCID: PMC8037249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 contrast agents (CA1 and CA2) that permit the activatable recognition of the cellular vicinal thiol motifs of the protein thioredoxin. The contrast agents showed MR relaxivities typical of gadolinium complexes with a single water molecule coordinated to a Gd3+ center (i.e., ~4.54 mM−1s−1) for both CA1 and CA2 at 60 MHz. The contrast agent CA1 showed a ~140% relaxivity enhancement in the presence of thioredoxin, a finding attributed to a reduction in the flexibility of the molecule after binding to thioredoxin. Support for this rationale, as opposed to one based on preferential binding, came from 1H-15N-HSQC NMR spectral studies; these revealed that the binding affinities toward thioredoxin were almost the same for both CA1 and CA2. In the case of CA1, T1-weighted phantom images of cancer cells (MCF-7, A549) could be generated based on the expression of thioredoxin. We further confirmed thioredoxin expression-dependent changes in the T1-weighted contrast via knockdown of the expression of the thioredoxin using siRNA-transfected MCF-7 cells. The nontoxic nature of CA1, coupled with its relaxivity features, leads us to suggest that it constitutes a first-in-class MRI T1 contrast agent that allows for the facile and noninvasive monitoring of vicinal thiol protein motif expression in live cells.
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3
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Chemistry of Molecular Imaging: An Overview. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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4
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Mishiro K, Hanaoka H, Yamaguchi A, Ogawa K. Radiotheranostics with radiolanthanides: Design, development strategies, and medical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Isabettini S, Massabni S, Hodzic A, Durovic D, Kohlbrecher J, Ishikawa T, Fischer P, Windhab EJ, Walde P, Kuster S. Molecular engineering of lanthanide ion chelating phospholipids generating assemblies with a switched magnetic susceptibility. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:20991-21002. [PMID: 28745755 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03994h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide ion (Ln3+) chelating amphiphiles are powerful molecules for tailoring the magnetic response of polymolecular assemblies. Mixtures of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine-diethylene triaminepentaacetate (DMPE-DTPA) complexed to Ln3+ deliver highly magnetically responsive bicelles. Their magnetic properties are readily tuned by changing the bicellar size or the magnetic susceptibility Δχ of the bilayer lipids. The former technique is intrinsically bound to the region of the phase diagram guarantying the formation of bicelles. Methods aiming towards manipulating the Δχ of the bilayer are comparatively more robust, flexible and lacking. Herein, we synthesized a new Ln3+ chelating phospholipid using glutamic acid as a backbone: DMPE-Glu-DTPA. The chelate polyhedron was specifically engineered to alter the Δχ, whilst remaining geometrically similar to DMPE-DTPA. Planar asymmetric assemblies hundreds of nanometers in size were achieved presenting unprecedented magnetic alignments. The DMPE-Glu-DTPA/Ln3+ complex switched the Δχ, achieving perpendicular alignment of assemblies containing Dy3+ and parallel alignment of those containing Tm3+. Moreover, samples with chelated Yb3+ were more alignable than the Tm3+ chelating counterparts. Such a possibility has never been demonstrated for planar Ln3+ chelating polymolecular assemblies. The physico-chemical properties of these novel assemblies were further studied by monitoring the alignment behavior at different temperatures and by including 16 mol% of cholesterol (Chol-OH) in the phospholipid bilayer. The DMPE-Glu-DTPA/Ln3+ complex and the resulting assemblies are promising candidates for applications in numerous fields including pharmaceutical technologies, structural characterization of membrane biomolecules by NMR spectroscopy, as contrasting agents for magnetic resonance imaging, and for the development of smart optical gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Isabettini
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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6
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Giovenzana GB, Lattuada L, Negri R. Recent Advances in Bifunctional Paramagnetic Chelates for MRI. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni B. Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; L.go Donegani 2/3 I-28100 Novara Italy
| | - Luciano Lattuada
- Bracco Imaging SpA, Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 I-10010 Colleretto Giacosa TO, Italy
| | - Roberto Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; L.go Donegani 2/3 I-28100 Novara Italy
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Mohamadi A, Miller LW. Efficient route to pre-organized and linear polyaminopolycarboxylates: Cy-TTHA, Cy-DTPA and mono/di- reactive, tert-butyl protected TTHA/Cy-TTHA. Tetrahedron Lett 2017; 58:1441-1444. [PMID: 29176914 PMCID: PMC5699510 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pre-organized polyaminopolycarboxylate chelators Cy-TTHA and Cy-DTPA were synthesized via modular five-step syntheses from commercially available starting materials in ~ 62% and 47% overall yields, respectively. Furthermore, strategies are reported for the efficient preparation of mono- and di-reactive, tert-butyl-protected TTHA/Cy-TTHA to selectively functionalize central chelators' carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamadi
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Chemistry, 845 W. Taylor Street, MC 111, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Lawrence W Miller
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Chemistry, 845 W. Taylor Street, MC 111, Chicago, IL 60607
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8
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Sathiyajith C, Hallett AJ, Amoroso AJ, Edwards PG. Dual modal imaging agents based on chromophore-bearing DTPA analogues. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06946d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new DTPA analogues, centrally (L1) and terminally (L2) functionalised with a 1,8-naphthalimide chromophore, have been successfully prepared and fully characterized.
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9
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Chaabane L, Tei L, Miragoli L, Lattuada L, von Wronski M, Uggeri F, Lorusso V, Aime S. In Vivo MR Imaging of Fibrin in a Neuroblastoma Tumor Model by Means of a Targeting Gd-Containing Peptide. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 17:819-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Tei L, Barge A, Galli M, Pinalli R, Lattuada L, Gianolio E, Aime S. Polyhydroxylated GdDTPA-derivatives as high relaxivity magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel GdDTPA-like complexes bearing differently branched, highly hydrophilic, gluconyl moieties were synthesized to obtain high relaxivity agents (∼20 mM−1 s−1 at 25 °C) over a wide range of imaging fields (0.5–3 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Barge
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco
- Università di Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Matteo Galli
- Bracco Imaging SpA
- Bracco Research Centre
- 10010 Colleretto Giacosa
- Italy
| | - Roberta Pinalli
- Bracco Imaging SpA
- Bracco Research Centre
- 10010 Colleretto Giacosa
- Italy
| | - Luciano Lattuada
- Bracco Imaging SpA
- Bracco Research Centre
- 10010 Colleretto Giacosa
- Italy
| | - Eliana Gianolio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Molecular Imaging Center
- Università di Torino
- Torino
- Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Molecular Imaging Center
- Università di Torino
- Torino
- Italy
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11
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Sista P, Ghosh K, Martinez JS, Rocha RC. Metallo-Biopolymers: Conjugation Strategies and Applications. POLYM REV 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2014.913063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Synthesis of bifunctional chelating agents based on mono and diphosphonic derivatives of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Liebi M, Kuster S, Kohlbrecher J, Ishikawa T, Fischer P, Walde P, Windhab EJ. Cholesterol-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate complexed with thulium ions integrated into bicelles to increase their magnetic alignability. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:14743-8. [PMID: 24205912 DOI: 10.1021/jp406599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanides have been used for several decades to increase the magnetic alignability of bicelles. DMPE-DTPA (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) is commonly applied to anchor the lanthanides into the bicelles. However, because DMPE-DTPA has the tendency to accumulate at the highly curved edge region of the bicelles and if located there does not contribute to the magnetic orientation energy, we have tested cholesterol-DTPA complexed with thulium ions (Tm(3+)) as an alternative chelator to increase the magnetic alignability. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements indicate the successful integration of cholesterol-DTPA into a DMPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) bilayer. Cryo transmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements show that the disklike structure, that is, bicelles, is maintained if cholesterol-DTPA·Tm(3+) is integrated into a mixture of DMPC, cholesterol, and DMPE-DTPA·Tm(3+). The size of the bicelles is increased compared to the size of the bicelles obtained from mixtures without cholesterol-DTPA·Tm(3+). Magnetic-field-induced birefringence and SANS measurements in a magnetic field show that with addition of cholesterol-DTPA·Tm(3+) the magnetic alignability of these bicelles is significantly increased compared to bicelles composed of DMPC, cholesterol, and DMPE-DTPA·Tm(3+) only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Liebi
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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El Habnouni S, Nottelet B, Darcos V, Porsio B, Lemaire L, Franconi F, Garric X, Coudane J. MRI-Visible Poly(ε-caprolactone) with Controlled Contrast Agent Ratios for Enhanced Visualization in Temporary Imaging Applications. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3626-34. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Lemaire
- Micro
et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques (MINT), UMR-S 1066, Université d’Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex9, France
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15
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Mikuła E, Sulima M, Marszałek I, Wysłouch-Cieszyńska A, Verwilst P, Dehaen W, Radecki J, Radecka H. Oriented immobilization of His-tagged protein on a redox active thiol derivative of DPTA-Cu(II) layer deposited on a gold electrode--the base of electrochemical biosensors. SENSORS 2013; 13:11586-602. [PMID: 24005034 PMCID: PMC3821307 DOI: 10.3390/s130911586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper concerns the development of an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of Aβ16–23′ and Aβ1–40 peptides. The His-tagged V and VC1 domains of Receptor for Advanced Glycation end Products (RAGE) immobilized on a gold electrode surface were used as analytically active molecules. The immobilization of His6–RAGE domains consists of: (i) formation of a mixed layer of N-acetylcysteamine (NAC) and the thiol derivative of pentetic acid (DPTA); (ii) complexation of Cu(II) by DPTA; (iii) oriented immobilization of His6–RAGE domains via coordination bonds between Cu(II) sites from DPTA–Cu(II) complex and imidazole nitrogen atoms of a histidine tag. Each modification step was controlled by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry (OSWV), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The applicability of the proposed biosensor was tested in the presence of human plasma, which had no influence on its performance. The detection limits for Aβ1–40 determination were 1.06 nM and 0.80 nM, in the presence of buffer and human plasma, respectively. These values reach the concentration level of Aβ1–40 which is relevant for determination of its soluble form in human plasma, as well as in brain. This indicates the promising future application of biosensor presented for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Mikuła
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland; E-Mails: (E.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Magdalena Sulima
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland; E-Mails: (M.S.); (I.M.); (A.W.-C.)
| | - Ilona Marszałek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland; E-Mails: (M.S.); (I.M.); (A.W.-C.)
| | - Aleksandra Wysłouch-Cieszyńska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland; E-Mails: (M.S.); (I.M.); (A.W.-C.)
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Chemistry Department, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium; E-Mails: (P.V.); (W.D.)
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Chemistry Department, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium; E-Mails: (P.V.); (W.D.)
| | - Jerzy Radecki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland; E-Mails: (E.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Hanna Radecka
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland; E-Mails: (E.M.); (J.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-89-523-4636; Fax: +48-89-524-0124
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Manzoni L, Belvisi L, Arosio D, Bartolomeo MP, Bianchi A, Brioschi C, Buonsanti F, Cabella C, Casagrande C, Civera M, De Matteo M, Fugazza L, Lattuada L, Maisano F, Miragoli L, Neira C, Pilkington-Miksa M, Scolastico C. Synthesis of Gd and68Ga Complexes in Conjugation with a Conformationally Optimized RGD Sequence as Potential MRI and PET Tumor-Imaging Probes. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1084-93. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Dehaen G, Eliseeva SV, Kimpe K, Laurent S, Vander Elst L, Muller RN, Dehaen W, Binnemans K, Parac-Vogt TN. A Self-Assembled Complex with a Titanium(IV) Catecholate Core as a Potential Bimodal Contrast Agent. Chemistry 2011; 18:293-302. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Kim JH, Lim JC, Yun KC, Choi SJ, Hong YD. Preparation and preliminary biological evaluation of 177Lu-labeled GluDTPA-cyclo(RGDfK) for integrin ανβ3 receptor-positive tumor targeting. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hwan Kim
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering; Chonnam National University; Gwangju; 500-757; Korea
| | - Jae-Cheong Lim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Research Reactor Utilization and Development; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI); Daejeon; 305-353; Korea
| | - Ki-Cheol Yun
- Radioisotope Research Division, Research Reactor Utilization and Development; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI); Daejeon; 305-353; Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Choi
- Radioisotope Research Division, Research Reactor Utilization and Development; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI); Daejeon; 305-353; Korea
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Luo K, Liu G, She W, Wang Q, Wang G, He B, Ai H, Gong Q, Song B, Gu Z. Gadolinium-labeled peptide dendrimers with controlled structures as potential magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Biomaterials 2011; 32:7951-60. [PMID: 21784511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd(3+)) based dendrimers with precise and tunable nanoscopic sizes are excellent candidates as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Control of agents' sensitivity, biosafety and functionality is key to the successful applications. We report the synthesis of Gd(III)-based peptide dendrimers possessing highly controlled and precise structures, and their potential applications as MRI contrast agents. These agents have no obvious cytotoxicity as verified by in vitro studies. One of the dendrimer formulations with mPEG modification showed a 9-fold increase in T(1) relaxivity to 39.2 Gd(III) mM(-1) s(-1) comparing to Gd-DTPA. In vivo studies have shown that the mPEGylated Gd(III)-based dendrimer provided much higher signal intensity enhancement (SI) in mouse kidney, especially at 60 min post-injection, with 54.8% relatively enhanced SI. The accumulations of mPEGylated dendrimer in mouse liver and kidney were confirmed through measurement of gadolinium by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Meanwhile, mPEGylated dendrimer showed much higher Gd(III) concentration in blood with 38 μg Gd(III)/g blood at 1 h post-injection comparing to other dendrimer formulations. These findings provide an attractive alternative strategy to the design of multifunctional gadolinium-based dendrimers with controlled structures, and open up possibilities of using the Gd(III)-based peptide dendrimers as MRI probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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20
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Frullano L, Caravan P. Strategies for the preparation of bifunctional gadolinium(III) chelators. Curr Org Synth 2011; 8:535-565. [PMID: 22375102 DOI: 10.2174/157017911796117250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of gadolinium chelators that can be easily and readily linked to various substrates is of primary importance for the development high relaxation efficiency and/or targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Over the last 25 years a large number of bifunctional chelators have been prepared. For the most part, these compounds are based on ligands that are already used in clinically approved contrast agents. More recently, new bifunctional chelators have been reported based on complexes that show a more potent relaxation effect, faster complexation kinetics and in some cases simpler synthetic procedures. This review provides an overview of the synthetic strategies used for the preparation of bifunctional chelators for MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Frullano
- Case Western Reserve University. 11100 Euclid Ave Cleveland, OH 44106
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21
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Kakkar D, Tiwari AK, Chuttani K, Kaul A, Singh H, Mishra AK. Comparative evaluation of glutamate-sensitive radiopharmaceuticals: Technetium-99m-glutamic acid and technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-bis(glutamate) conjugate for tumor imaging. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2011; 25:645-55. [PMID: 21204758 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-photon emission computed tomography has become a significant imaging modality with huge potential to visualize and provide information of anatomic dysfunctions that are predictive of future diseases. This imaging tool is complimented by radiopharmaceuticals/radiosubstrates that help in imaging specific physiological aspects of the human body. The present study was undertaken to explore the utility of technetium-99m (⁹⁹(m)Tc)-labeled glutamate conjugates for tumor scintigraphy. As part of our efforts to further utilize the application of chelating agents, glutamic acid was conjugated with a multidentate ligand, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The DTPA-glutamate conjugate [DTPA-bis(Glu)] was well characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The biological activity of glutamic acid was compared with its DTPA conjugate by radiocomplexation with ⁹⁹(m)Tc (labeling efficiency ≥98%). In vivo studies of both the radiolabeled complexes ⁹⁹(m)Tc-Glu and ⁹⁹(m)Tc-DTPA-bis(Glu) were then carried out, followed by gamma scintigraphy in New Zealand albino rabbits. Improved serum stability of ⁹⁹(m)Tc-labeled DTPA conjugate indicated that ⁹⁹(m)Tc remained bound to the conjugate up to 24 hours. Blood clearance showed a relatively slow washout of the DTPA conjugate when compared with the labeled glutamate. Biodistribution characteristics of the conjugate in Balb/c mice revealed that DTPA conjugation of glutamic acid favors less accumulation in the liver and bone and rapid renal clearance. Tumor scintigraphy in mice showed increasing tumor accumulation, stable up to 4 hours. These preliminary studies show that ⁹⁹(m)Tc-DTPA-bis(Glu) can be a useful radiopharmaceutical for diagnostic applications in single-photon emission computed tomography imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Kakkar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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22
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Luo K, Liu G, He B, Wu Y, Gong Q, Song B, Ai H, Gu Z. Multifunctional gadolinium-based dendritic macromolecules as liver targeting imaging probes. Biomaterials 2011; 32:2575-85. [PMID: 21256587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The quest for highly efficient and safe contrast agents has become the key factor for successful application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The gadolinium (Gd) based dendritic macromolecules, with precise and tunable nanoscopic sizes, are excellent candidates as multivalent MRI probes. In this paper, a novel series of Gd-based multifunctional peptide dendritic probes (generation 2, 3, and 4) possessing highly controlled structures and single molecular weight were designed and prepared as liver MRI probes. These macromolecular Gd-ligand agents exhibited up to 3-fold increase in T(1) relaxivity comparing to Gd-DTPA complexes. No obvious in vitro cytotoxicity was observed from the measured concentrations. These dendritic probes were further functionalized with multiple galactosyl moieties and led to much higher cell uptake in vitro as demonstrated in T(1)-weighted scans. During in vivo animal studies, the probes provided better signal intensity (SI) enhancement in mouse liver, especially at 60 min post-injection, with the most efficient enhancement from the galactosyl moiety decorated third generation dendrimer. The imaging results were verified with analysis of Gd content in liver tissues. The design strategy of multifunctional Gd-ligand peptide dendritic macromolecules in this study may be used for developing other sensitive MRI probes with targeting capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
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23
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Besenius P, van den Hout KP, Albers HMHG, de Greef TFA, Olijve LLC, Hermans TM, de Waal BFM, Bomans PHH, Sommerdijk NAJM, Portale G, Palmans ARA, van Genderen MHP, Vekemans JAJM, Meijer EW. Controlled Supramolecular Oligomerization of C3-Symmetrical Molecules in Water: The Impact of Hydrophobic Shielding. Chemistry 2011; 17:5193-203. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Tornesello AL, Aurilio M, Accardo A, Tarallo L, Barbieri A, Arra C, Tesauro D, Morelli G, Aloj L. Gastrin and cholecystokinin peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals: an in vivo and in vitro comparison. J Pept Sci 2011; 17:405-12. [PMID: 21351319 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of suitable radioligands for targeting CCK-2 receptor expressing tumors, such as medullary thyroid carcinoma, is of great clinical interest. In the search for the best CCK-2R binding peptides, we have synthesized, evaluated and compared the CCK8 peptide (Asp-Tyr-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-PheNH(2) ) and two gastrin analogs commonly referred to as MG0 (DGlu-Glu(5)-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-PheNH(2) ) and MG11 (DGlu(1)-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-PheNH(2) ). The N-terminal portion of the three peptide sequences was derivatized by introducing the DTPAGlu or DOTA chelators to allow radiolobeling with (111) In(III) and (68) Ga(III), respectively. Saturation binding and cellular internalization experiments were performed on A431 cells overexpressing CCK2R (A431-CCK2R). All compounds showed Kd values in the nM range and were internalized with similar rates in CCK2 receptor overexpressing cells. Biodistribution experiments showed higher specific uptake of both MG0-based compounds compared to conjugates containing the CCK8 and MG11 peptide sequences. The higher retention levels of MG0-based peptides were associated with markedly elevated and undesired kidney uptake compared to the other compounds. Current indications suggest that the 5 Glu N-terminal residues while improving peptide stability and receptor-mediated tumor uptake cause unacceptably high kidney retention. Although displaying lower absolute tumor uptake values, the DOTA-coupled CCK8 peptide provided the best tumor to kidney uptake ratio and appears more suitable as lead compound for improvement of radiopharmaceutical properties.
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25
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SHE W, LUO K, HE B, AI H, GU ZH. FUNCTIONAL PEPTIDE DENDRIMERS AS MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING PROBES. ACTA POLYM SIN 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2011.10027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Giovenzana GB, Imperio D, Lattuada L, Uggeri F. Stevens rearrangement as a tool for the structural modification of polyaminopolycarboxylic ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:679-81. [PMID: 21249235 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyaminopolycarboxylic acids are a well known class of ligands employed for metal ion complexation. Despite the large commercial availability, reports of their use as substrates for direct structural modifications are rare. Herein we report a simple and efficient protocol for the preparation of substituted polyaminopolycarboxylic ligands relying on a one-pot N-alkylation-Stevens rearrangement cascade.
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27
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Lattuada L, Barge A, Cravotto G, Giovenzana GB, Tei L. The synthesis and application of polyamino polycarboxylic bifunctional chelating agents. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3019-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00199f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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28
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Accardo A, Morisco A, Gianolio E, Tesauro D, Mangiapia G, Radulescu A, Brandt A, Morelli G. Nanoparticles containing octreotide peptides and gadolinium complexes for MRI applications. J Pept Sci 2010; 17:154-62. [PMID: 21234988 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New mixed nanoparticles were obtained by self-aggregation of two amphiplic monomers. The first monomer (C18)(2) L5-Oct contains two C18 hydrophobic moieties bound to the N-terminus of the cyclic peptide octreotide, and spaced from the bioactive peptide by five units of dioxoethylene linkers. The second monomer, (C18)(2) DTPAGlu, (C18)(2) DTPA or (C18)(2) DOTA, and the corresponding Gd(III) complexes, contains two C18 hydrophobic moieties bound through a lysine residue to different polyamino-polycarboxy ligands: DTPAGlu, DTPA or DOTA. Mixed aggregates have been obtained and structurally characterized by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques and for their relaxometric behavior. According to a decrease of negative charges in the surfactant head-group, a total or a partial micelle-to-vesicle transition is observed by passing from (C18)(2) DTPAGlu to (C18)(2) DOTA. The thicknesses of the bilayers are substantially constant, around 50 Å, in the analyzed systems. Moreover, the mixed aggregates, in which a small amount of amphiphilic octreotide monomer (C18)(2) L5-Oct (10% mol/mol) was inserted, do not differ significantly from the respective self-assembled systems. Fluorescence emission of tryptophan residue at 340 nm indicates low mobility of water molecules at the peptide surface. The proton relaxivity of mixed aggregates based on (C18)(2) DTPAGlu(Gd), (C18)(2) DTPA(Gd) and (C18)(2) DOTA(Gd) resulted to be 17.6, 15.2 and 10.0 mM(-1) s(-1) (at 20 MHz and 298K), respectively. The decrease in the relaxivity values can be ascribed to the increase in τ(M) (81, 205 and 750 ns). The presence of amphiphilic octreotide monomer exposed on mixed aggregate surface gives the entire nanoparticles a potential binding selectivity toward somatostatin sstr2 receptor subtype, and these systems could act as MRI target-specific contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Accardo
- Department of Biological Sciences, CIRPeB, University of Naples Federico II, & IBB CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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29
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Digilio G, Menchise V, Gianolio E, Catanzaro V, Carrera C, Napolitano R, Fedeli F, Aime S. Exofacial Protein Thiols as a Route for the Internalization of Gd(III)-Based Complexes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cell Labeling. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4877-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901876r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valeria Menchise
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages (CNR), c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Eliana Gianolio
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Catanzaro
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Fedeli
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Chemisty, IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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30
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Luo K, Liu G, Zhang X, She W, He B, Nie Y, Li L, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Gong Q, Gao F, Song B, Ai H, Gu Z. Functional L-lysine dendritic macromolecules as liver-imaging probes. Macromol Biosci 2009; 9:1227-36. [PMID: 19904726 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver-imaging probes are prepared through the conjugation of Gd chelates and galactosyl moieties to peptide dendrimers. The dendritic probes possessing highly controlled structures and a single molecular weight have a two-fold increase in T(1) relaxivity to 9.1 x 10(3) (Gd M)(-1) s(-1) compared to Gd-DTPA. No obvious cytotoxicity of this multifunctional dendritic agent is discovered in vitro. The dendrimer bearing galactosyl moieties leads to a much-higher hepatocyte-cell uptake in vitro and provides good signal-intensity enhancement (35%) of mouse liver in vivo especially at 60 min after intravenous injection. In comparison, non-targeting Gd dendrimers provide only an 11% enhancement of imaging contrast at the same time point. Overall, the dendrimers bearing galactosyl moieties may be used as liver-imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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31
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Fast and easy access to efficient bifunctional chelators for MRI applications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3442-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Anelli PL, Brocchetta M, Lattuada L, Manfredi G, Morosini P, Murru M, Palano D, Sipioni M, Visigalli M. Scale-Up of Trisodium [(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[4(S)-4-[Bis[2-[bis[(carboxy-kO)methyl]amino-kN]ethyl]amino-kN]-4-(carboxy-kO)-1-oxobutyl]amino]-12-hydroxycholan-24-oato(6-)]gadolinate(3-)], a Gd(III) Complex under Development As a Contrast Agent for MRI Coronary Angiography. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op900008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Lucio Anelli
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa, via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO),d Italy
| | - Marino Brocchetta
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa, via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO),d Italy
| | - Luciano Lattuada
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa, via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO),d Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfredi
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa, via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO),d Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Morosini
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa, via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO),d Italy
| | - Marcella Murru
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa, via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO),d Italy
| | - Daniela Palano
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa, via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO),d Italy
| | - Marco Sipioni
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa, via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO),d Italy
| | - Massimo Visigalli
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa, via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO),d Italy
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33
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Morisco A, Accardo A, Gianolio E, Tesauro D, Benedetti E, Morelli G. Micelles derivatized with octreotide as potential target-selective contrast agents in MRI. J Pept Sci 2009; 15:242-50. [PMID: 19035577 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
New amphiphilic monomers (OCA-DTPAGlu and OCA-DOTA) containing, in the same molecule, three different functions: (i) the chelating agent (DTPAGlu or DOTA) able to coordinate gadolinium ion, (ii) the octreotide bioactive peptide able to target somatostatin receptors, and (iii) a hydrophobic moiety with two 18-carbon atoms alkyl chains have been designed and synthesized by solid-phase methods. The novel amphiphilic monomers aggregate, in water solution, giving stable micelles at very low concentration (cmc values of 2.3 x 10(-6) mol kg(-1) and 2.5 x 10(-6) mol kg(-1) for OCA-DTPAGlu and OCA-DOTA, respectively) as confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence studies and circular dichroism experiments indicate, for the two compounds as well as for their gadolinium complexes (OCA-DOTA(Gd) and OCA-DTPAGlu(Gd)), the complete exposure of octreotide on the micelle surface, and the predominant presence of an antiparallel beta-sheet peptide conformation characterized by a beta-like turn. The high relaxivity value (r(1p) = 13.9 mM(-1) s(-1) at 20 MHz and 25 degrees C), measured for micelles obtained by the gadolinium complex OCA-DTPAGlu(Gd), indicates these aggregates as promising target-selective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Morisco
- Department of Biological Sciences, CIRPeB, University of Naples "Federico II" and IBB CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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34
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Accardo A, Tesauro D, Morisco A, Mangiapia G, Vaccaro M, Gianolio E, Heenan RK, Paduano L, Morelli G. Micelles obtained by aggregation of gemini surfactants containing the CCK8 peptide and a gadolinium complex. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 14:587-99. [PMID: 19189138 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two gemini surfactants, [C18CysL5CCK8](2) and [C18CysDTPAGlu](2), containing, respectively, the CCK8 peptide and the DTPAGlu chelating agent or its gadolinium complex have been prepared by linking lipophilic chains through a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues. The two surfactants aggregate in water solution forming pure or mixed micelles, with a critical micellar concentration in the 5 x 10(-6)-5 x 10(-5) mol kg(-1) range, as measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. As indicated by small-angle neutron scattering, the shape and size of the micelles are influenced by the temperature: increasing temperature leads to progressive reduction of the size of the supramolecular aggregates. Cylindrical structures found at lower temperatures (10-40 degrees C) evolve into ellipsoidal micelles at 50-80 degrees C. Furthermore, the surface-exposed CCK8 peptide changes its conformation above a transition temperature of approximately 45 degrees C, going from a beta-sheet to a random-coil structure, as indicated by circular dichroism measurements. The mixed aggregate obtained by coaggregation of the two gemini-based amphiphilic compounds, [C18CysDTPAGlu(Gd)](2) and [C18CysL5CCK8](2) in 70:30 molar ratio, represents the first example of a peptide-containing gemini surfactant as a potential target-selective contrast agent in MRI. In fact, it presents a high relaxivity value of the gadolinium complex, 21.5 mM(-1) s(-1), and the CCK8 bioactive peptide exposed on the external surface is therefore capable of selective targeting of the cholecystokinin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Accardo
- Department of Biological Sciences and IBB CNR, CIRPeB, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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35
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Accardo A, Tesauro D, Del Pozzo L, Mangiapia G, Paduano L, Morelli G. Micelles by self-assembling peptide-conjugate amphiphile: synthesis and structural characterization. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:903-10. [PMID: 18320561 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis by solid-phase methods of a novel amphiphilic peptide, peptide-conjugate amphiphile (PCA), containing in the same molecule three different functions: (i) the N,N-bis[2-[bis(carboxy-ethyl)amino]ethyl]-L-glutamic acid (DTPAGlu) chelating agent, (ii) the CCK8 bioactive peptide, and (iii) a hydrophobic moiety containing four alkyl chains with 18 carbon atoms each, is reported. In water solution at pH 7.4, PCA self-assembles in very stable micelles at very low concentration [critical micellar concentration (cmc) values of 5 x 10(-7) mol kg(-1)] as confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy. The structural characterization, obtained with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements, indicates that the aggregates are substantially represented by ellipsoidal micelles with an aggregation number of 39 +/- 2 and the two micellar axes of about 52 and 26 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Accardo
- Department of Biological Sciences, CIRPeB University of Naples 'Federico II', & IBB CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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36
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Rami M, Cecchi A, Montero JL, Innocenti A, Vullo D, Scozzafava A, Winum JY, Supuran C. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Design of Membrane-Impermeant Copper(II) Complexes of DTPA-, DOTA-, and TETA-Tailed Sulfonamides Targeting the Tumor-Associated Transmembrane Isoform IX. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1780-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Vaccaro M, Mangiapia G, Accardo A, Tesauro D, Gianolio E, Frielinghaus H, Morelli G, Paduano L. Polymerized mixed aggregates containing gadolinium complex and CCK8 peptide. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Vaccaro M, Mangiapia G, Paduano L, Gianolio E, Accardo A, Tesauro D, Morelli G. Structural and relaxometric characterization of peptide aggregates containing gadolinium complexes as potential selective contrast agents in MRI. Chemphyschem 2008; 8:2526-38. [PMID: 17960748 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The structural and relaxometric characterization of a novel class of supramolecular aggregates, as potential tumor-specific contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is reported. The aggregates are based on a new monomer with an upsilon shape (MonY) that contains, in the same molecule, all three fundamental tasks that are required: 1) a hydrophobic moiety that allows the formation of supramolecular aggregates; 2) the bioactive CCK8 peptide for target recognition; and 3) a chelating agent able to give stable gadolinium complexes. As indicated by dynamic light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements, MonY and its gadolinium complex MonY(Gd) aggregate in aqueous solution to give ellipsoidal micelles with a ratio between the micellar axes of approximately 1.7 and an aggregation number N(agg) of approximately 30. There are no differences in the aggregation behavior of MonY and MonY(Gd), which indicates that the presence of metal ions, and therefore the reduction of the net charge, does not influence the aggregation behavior. When MonY or MonY(Gd) are blended with dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), the aggregation behavior is dictated by the tendency of DOPC to give liposomes. Only when the amount of MonY or MonY(Gd) is higher than 20 % is the coexistence of liposomes and micelles observed. The thickness d of the bilayer is estimated by SANS to be approximately 35-40 A, whereas cryogenic transmission electron microscopy images show that the diameter of the liposomes ranges from approximately 50 to 150 nm. Self-assembling micelles of MonY(Gd) present high relaxivity values (r(1p)=15.03 mM(-1) s(-1)) for each gadolinium complex in the aggregate. Liposomes containing MonY(Gd) inserted in the DOPC bilayer at a molar ratio of 20:80 present slightly lower relaxivity values (r(1p)=12.7 mM(-1) s(-1)), independently of their internal or external position in the liposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Vaccaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cynthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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39
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Dirscherl G, König B. The Use of Solid‐Phase Synthesis Techniques for the Preparation of Peptide–Metal Complex Conjugates. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Dirscherl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 9340 Regensburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐941‐943‐1717
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 9340 Regensburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐941‐943‐1717
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40
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Richard C, Doan BT, Beloeil JC, Bessodes M, Tóth E, Scherman D. Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes with amphiphilic gd3+ chelates: toward powerful t1 and t2 MRI contrast agents. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:232-6. [PMID: 18088153 DOI: 10.1021/nl072509z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An amphiphilic gadolinium (III) chelate (GdL) was synthesized from commercially available stearic acid. Aqueous solutions of the complex at different concentrations (from 1 mM to 1 microM) were prepared and adsorbed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The resulting suspensions were stable for several days and have been characterized with regard to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent applications. Longitudinal water proton relaxivities, r1, have been measured at 20, 300, and 500 MHz. The r1 values show a strong dependence on the GdL concentration, particularly at low field. The relaxivities decrease with increasing field as it is predicted by the Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan theory. Transverse water proton relaxation times, T2, have also been measured and are practically independent of both the frequency and the GdL concentration. An in vivo feasibility MRI study has been performed at 300 MHz in mice. A negative contrast could be well observed after injection of a suspension of functionalized nanotubes into the muscle of the leg of the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Richard
- Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique; CNRS, UMR 8151, Paris.
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41
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Barge A, Tei L, Upadhyaya D, Fedeli F, Beltrami L, Stefanìa R, Aime S, Cravotto G. Bifunctional ligands based on the DOTA-monoamide cage. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1176-84. [DOI: 10.1039/b715844k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Battistini E, Mortillaro A, Aime S, Peters JA. Molecular recognition of sugars by lanthanide (III) complexes of a conjugate of N, N-bis[2-[bis[2-(1, 1-dimethylethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]glycine and phenylboronic acid. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2007; 2:163-71. [PMID: 17640034 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel conjugate of phenylboronic acid and an Ln(DTPA) derivative, in which the central acetate pendant arm was replaced by the methylamide of L-lysine, was synthesized and characterized. The results of a fit of variable (17)O NMR data and a (1)H NMRD profile show that the water residence lifetime of the Gd(III) complex (150 ns) is shorter than that of the parent compound Gd(DTPA)(2-) (303 ns). Furthermore, the data suggest that several water molecules in the second coordination sphere of Gd(III) contribute to the relaxivity of the conjugate. The Ln(III) complexes of this conjugate are highly suitable for molecular recognition of sugars. The interaction with various sugars was investigated by (11)B NMR spectroscopy. Thanks to the thiourea function that links the phenylboronic acid targeting vector with the DTPA derivative, the interactions are stronger than that of phenylboronic acid itself. In particular, the interaction with N-propylfructosamine, a model for the glucose residue in glycated human serum albumin (HSA), is very strong. Unfortunately, the complex also shows a rather strong interaction with hexose-free HSA (K(A) = 705 +/- 300).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Battistini
- Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Vaccaro M, Accardo A, D'Errico G, Schillén K, Radulescu A, Tesauro D, Morelli G, Paduano L. Peptides and Gd complexes containing colloidal assemblies as tumor-specific contrast agents in MRI: physicochemical characterization. Biophys J 2007; 93:1736-46. [PMID: 17483181 PMCID: PMC1948055 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.107417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation behavior of an amphiphilic supramolecular system, with potential application as a tumor-specific magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, has been studied in detail by dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering and cryotransmission electron microscopy. The system was constituted of mixed aggregates formed by an anionic unimer containing the DTPAGlu, a chelating agent for the paramagnetic Gd(3+) ion, and an uncharged unimer containing the bioactive peptide CCK8, capable of directing the assembly toward tumor cells. Mixed aggregates formed by both unimers, and in the case of the DTPAGlu unimer with the chelating agent as free base or as Gd(3+) complex, have been investigated. A number of interesting features of the aggregation behavior were revealed: at physiological pH, micelles and bilayer structures were present, whereas upon decreasing solution pH or increasing ionic strength, the formation of bilayer structures was favored. On the basis of the above observations, the aggregating mechanism has been elucidated by considering the screening effect on intra- and interaggregate electrostatic repulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Vaccaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Tesauro D, Accardo A, Gianolio E, Paduano L, Teixeira J, Schillén K, Aime S, Morelli G. Peptide derivatized lamellar aggregates as target-specific MRI contrast agents. Chembiochem 2007; 8:950-5. [PMID: 17469087 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The relaxivity behaviour and the structural characterization of new supramolecular aggregates (bilayer structures and micelles) obtained by combining two different amphiphilic monomers are reported. One monomer, (C18)(2)DTPAGlu-Gd, contains a very stable gadolinium complex, and the other, DSPE-PEG(2000)-CCK8, contains the bioactive CCK8 peptide. Samples that contained only DSPE-PEG(2000)-CCK8, or up to 50 % (C18)(2)DTPAGlu-Gd, aggregated as double-layer structures (lamellar aggregates) with a thickness of approximately 80-100 A, as evaluated by SANS measurement and Cryo-TEM imaging. A transition to micelle formation was observed when the amount of (C18)(2)DTPAGlu-Gd in the aggregate was increased. These were rod-like micelles approximately 40 A in radius and >200 A in length. The proton relaxivities for both lamellar aggregates and rod-like micelles were the same (17.2 mM(-1) s(-1)), although the values were the results of different combinations of local and global contributions. The in vitro target selectivity of aggregates that contained the CCK-8 peptide was demonstrated by using nuclear medicine techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Tesauro
- Department of Biological Sciences, CIRPeB University of Naples, Federico II and IBB CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Naples, Italy
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New CD derivatives as self-assembling contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-006-9239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lattuada L, Gabellini M. Straightforward Synthesis of a Novel Maleimide‐DTPA Bifunctional Chelating Agent. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910500189569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lattuada L, Demattio S, Vincenzi V, Cabella C, Visigalli M, Aime S, Crich SG, Gianolio E. Magnetic resonance imaging of tumor cells by targeting the amino acid transport system. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4111-4. [PMID: 16709455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An early diagnosis of cancer is crucial in the battle against this disease and the in vivo visualization of tumors at cellular level is still the most challenging goal. In order to target tumor cells, we took into account their increased metabolism and amino acid nutrients or pseudo-nutrients, which are actively transported through the cell membrane, have been chosen as vectors for new MRI contrast agents. For this reason new gadolinium complexes conjugated to agmatine, arginine, and glutamine have been synthesized and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Lattuada
- CRM Chemistry, Bracco Imaging SpA, via E. Folli 50, 20134 Milano, Italy.
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Vaccaro M, Accardo A, Tesauro D, Mangiapia G, Löf D, Schillén K, Söderman O, Morelli G, Paduano L. Supramolecular aggregates of amphiphilic gadolinium complexes as blood pool MRI/MRA contrast agents: physicochemical characterization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:6635-43. [PMID: 16831007 DOI: 10.1021/la053500k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the development of a new potential blood pool contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging applications (MRA/MRI) based on gadolinium complexes containing amphiphilic supramolecular aggregates. A novel amphiphilic unimer, containing the DTPAGlu chelating agent covalently bound to two C18 alkylic chains, has been synthesized. DTPAGlu is a well-known chelating agent for a wide number of ions such as the paramagnetic metal ion Gd3+ used as contrast agent in MRA/MRI. The wide aggregation behavior of this surfactant, as free base or as gadolinium complex, has been studied and compared by means of dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy techniques. Near neutral pH in both cases, the dominant aggregates are micelles. The high negative actual charge of the surfactant headgroup causes a strong headgroups repulsion, promoting the formation of large and high curvature aggregates. By decreasing pH and less markedly increasing the ionic strength, we observe a micelle-to-vesicle transition driven by a decreased electrostatic repulsion. A straightforward switch between different aggregation states can be particularly useful in the development of pH-responsive MRA/MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Vaccaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cynthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Pillai R, Marinelli ER, Swenson RE. A flexible method for preparation of peptide homo- and heterodimers functionalized with affinity probes, chelating ligands, and latent conjugating groups. Biopolymers 2006; 84:576-85. [PMID: 16845666 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dimerization of peptides can provide high binding entities to serve as targeted diagnostics or therapeutics. We developed methods for the preparation of homo- and heterodimer peptides bearing functional molecules (affinity probes, chelating ligands, or latent conjugating moieties). Monomer peptides, optionally bearing spacer groups, are tethered using a bifunctional linker, (di-succinimidyl glutarate, DSG) to provide the dimers. Protected or unprotected peptides can be employed for dimer assembly. Multiple lysine N(epsilon)-amino groups are controlled using the (4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohex-1-ylidene)-3-methylbutyl (ivDde) protecting group. Functional molecules are optionally incorporated into the component peptides or into the assembled dimer. The methods are efficient and scaleable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishna Pillai
- The Ernst Felder Laboratories, Bracco Research USA, Inc., 305 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540-6608, USA.
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Parac-Vogt TN, Vander Elst L, Kimpe K, Laurent S, Burtéa C, Chen F, Van Deun R, Ni Y, Muller RN, Binnemans K. Pharmacokinetic andin vivo evaluation of a self-assembled gadolinium(III)-iron(II) contrast agent with high relaxivity. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2006; 1:267-78. [PMID: 17191767 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A high-molecular weight tetrametallic supramolecular complex [(Ln-DTPA-phen)3Fe]- (Ln = Gd, Eu, La) has been obtained upon self-assembly around one iron(II) ion of three 1,10-phenantroline-based molecules substituted in 5'-position with the polyaminocarboxylate diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N',N'-pentaacetate, DTPA-phen(4-). The ICP-MS measurements indicated that the lanthanide:iron ratio is 3:1. Photoluminescence spectra of [Eu-DTPA-phen](-) and of [(Eu-DTPA-phen)3Fe]- are nearly identical, implying that the first coordination sphere of the lanthanide(III) ion has not been changed upon coordination of phenantroline unit to iron(II) ion. NMRD measurements revealed that at 20 MHz and 310 K the relaxivity of the [(Gd-DTPA-phen)3Fe]- is equal to 9.5 +/- 0.3 s(-1) mM(-1) of Gd (28.5 s(-1) per millimole per liter of complex) which is significantly higher than that for Gd-DTPA (3.9 s(-1) mM(-1)). The pharmacokinetic parameters of [(Gd-DTPA-phen)3Fe]- in rats indicate that the elimination of [(Gd-DTPA-phen)3Fe]- is significantly slower than that of Gd-DTPA and is correlated with a reduced volume of distribution. The low volume of distribution and the longer elimination time (T(e1/2)) suggest that the agent is confined to the blood compartment, so it could have an important potential as a blood pool contrast agent. The biodistribution profile of [(Gd-DTPA-phen)3Fe]- 2 h after injection indicates significantly higher concentrations of [(Gd-DTPA-phen)3Fe]- as compared with Gd-DTPA in kidney, liver, lungs, heart and spleen. The images obtained on rats by MR angiography show the enhancement of the abdominal blood vessels. The signal intensity reaches a maximum of 55% at 7 min post-contrast and remains around 25% after 90 min. MRI-histomorphological correlation studies of [Gd-DTPA-phen]- and [(Gd-DTPA-phen)3Fe]- showed that both agents displayed potent contrast enhancement in organs including the liver. The necrosis avidity tests indicated that, in contrast to the [Gd-DTPA-phen](-) precursor complex, the supramolecular complex [(Gd-DTPA-phen)3Fe]- exhibits necrosis avidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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