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Reigada I, Kapp K, Kaudela T, García Soria M, Oksanen T, Hanski L. Tracking Chlamydia - Host interactions and antichlamydial activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116956. [PMID: 38901202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The fading efficacy of antibiotics is a growing global health concern due to its life-threatening consequences and increased healthcare costs. Non-genetic mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, such as those employed by Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis, complicate treatment as these bacteria can enter a non-replicative, persistent state under stress, evading antibiotics and linking to inflammatory conditions. Understanding chlamydial persistence at the molecular level is challenging, and new models for studying Chlamydia-host interactions in vivo are urgently needed. Caenorhabditis elegans offers an alternative given its immune system and numerous orthologues of human genes. This study established C. elegans as an in vivo model for chlamydial infection. Both Chlamydia species reduced the worm's lifespan, their DNA being detectable at three- and six-days post-infection. Azithromycin at its MIC (25 nM) failed to prevent the infection-induced lifespan reduction, indicating a persister phenotype. In contrast, the methanolic extract of Schisandra chinensis berries showed anti-chlamydial activity both in vitro (in THP-1 macrophages) and in vivo, significantly extending the lifespan of infected C. elegans and reducing the bacterial load. Moreover, S. chinensis increased the transcriptional activity of SKN-1 in the worms, but was unable to impact the bacterial load or lifespan in a sek-1 defective C. elegans strain. In summary, this study validated C. elegans as a chlamydial infection model and showcased S. chinensis berries' in vivo anti-chlamydial potential, possibly through SEK/SKN-1 signaling modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Reigada
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Karmen Kapp
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Theresa Kaudela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - María García Soria
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge (San Jorge University), Zaragoza 50830, Spain
| | - Timo Oksanen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Leena Hanski
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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2
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Hu B, Liu G, Zhao K, Zhang G. Diversity of extracellular HSP70 in cancer: advancing from a molecular biomarker to a novel therapeutic target. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1388999. [PMID: 38646439 PMCID: PMC11026673 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1388999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a highly conserved protein functioning as a "molecular chaperone", which is integral to protein folding and maturation. In addition to its high expression within cells upon stressful challenges, HSP70 can be translocated to the cell membrane or released from cells in free form or within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such trafficking of HSP70 is also present in cancer cells, as HSP70 is overexpressed in various types of patient samples across a range of common malignancies, signifying that extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) can serve as a tumor biomarker. eHSP70 is involved in a broad range of cancer-related events, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immune response. eHSP70 can also induce cancer cell resistance to various treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy. Though the role of eHSP70 in tumors is contradictory, characterized by both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects, eHSP70 serves as a promising target in cancer treatment. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the current knowledge about the role of eHSP70 in cancer progression and treatment resistance and discussed the feasibility of eHSP70 as a cancer biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kejia Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Schwab M, Multhoff G. A Low Membrane Hsp70 Expression in Tumor Cells With Impaired Lactate Metabolism Mediates Radiosensitization by NVP-AUY922. Front Oncol 2022; 12:861266. [PMID: 35463341 PMCID: PMC9022188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.861266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As overexpression and membrane localization of stress proteins together with high lactate levels promote radioresistance in tumor cells, we studied the effect of the Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 on the cytosolic and membrane expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and radiosensitivity in murine melanoma (B16F10) and human colorectal (LS174T) wildtype (WT) and lactate dehydrogenases A/B double knockout (LDH−/−) tumor cells. Double knockout for LDHA/B has been found to reduce cytosolic as well as membrane HSP levels, whereas treatment with NVP-AUY922 stimulates the synthesis of Hsp27 and Hsp70, but does not affect membrane Hsp70 expression. Despite NVP-AUY922-inducing elevated levels of cytosolic HSP, radiosensitivity was significantly increased in WT cells and even more pronounced in LDH−/− cells. An impaired lipid metabolism in LDH−/− cells reduces the Hsp70 membrane-anchoring sphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and thereby results in a decreased Hsp70 cell surface density on tumor cells. Our results demonstrate that the membrane Hsp70 density, but not cytosolic HSP levels determines the radiosensitizing effect of the Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 in LDH−/− cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schwab
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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4
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Brusa I, Sondo E, Falchi F, Pedemonte N, Roberti M, Cavalli A. Proteostasis Regulators in Cystic Fibrosis: Current Development and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5212-5243. [PMID: 35377645 PMCID: PMC9014417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), the deletion of phenylalanine 508 (F508del) in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) leads to misfolding and premature degradation of the mutant protein. These defects can be targeted with pharmacological agents named potentiators and correctors. During the past years, several efforts have been devoted to develop and approve new effective molecules. However, their clinical use remains limited, as they fail to fully restore F508del-CFTR biological function. Indeed, the search for CFTR correctors with different and additive mechanisms has recently increased. Among them, drugs that modulate the CFTR proteostasis environment are particularly attractive to enhance therapy effectiveness further. This Perspective focuses on reviewing the recent progress in discovering CFTR proteostasis regulators, mainly describing the design, chemical structure, and structure-activity relationships. The opportunities, challenges, and future directions in this emerging and promising field of research are discussed, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Brusa
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Elvira Sondo
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Marinella Roberti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
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5
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De Maio A, Hightower L. The interaction of heat shock proteins with cellular membranes: a historical perspective. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:769-783. [PMID: 34478113 PMCID: PMC8413713 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of heat shock proteins (HSP) with cellular membranes has been an enigmatic process, initially observed by morphological studies, inferred during the purification of HSP70s, and confirmed after the detection of these proteins on the surface of cancer cells and their insertion into artificial lipid bilayers. Today, the association of several HSP with lipid membranes is well established. However, the mechanisms for membrane insertion have been elusive. There is conclusive evidence indicating that HSP70s have a great selectivity for negatively charged phospholipids, whereas other HSP have a broader spectrum of lipid specificity. HSP70 also oligomerizes upon membrane insertion, forming ion conductance channels. The functional role of HSP70 lipid interactions appears related to membrane stabilization that may play a role during cell membrane biogenesis. They could also play a role as membrane chaperones as well as during endocytosis, microautophagy, and signal transduction. Moreover, HSP membrane association is a key component in the extracellular export of these proteins. The presence of HSP70 on the surface of cancer cells and its interaction with lysosome membranes have been envisioned as potential therapeutic targets. Thus, the biology and function of HSP membrane association are reaching a new level of excitement. This review is an attempt to preserve the recollection of the pioneering contributions of many investigators that have participated in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Maio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Lawrence Hightower
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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6
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Dores-Silva PR, Cauvi DM, Kiraly VTR, Borges JC, De Maio A. Human HSPA9 (mtHsp70, mortalin) interacts with lipid bilayers containing cardiolipin, a major component of the inner mitochondrial membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183436. [PMID: 32781155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Hsp70 (HSPA9, mtHsp70, mortalin) in conjunction with a complex set of other proteins is involved in the transport of polypeptides across the mitochondrial matrix. This observation allows us to hypothesize that HSPA9 might interact with membranes directly, similarly to other Hsp70s. Thus, we investigated whether human HSPA9 could also get inserted into lipid membranes. Human HSPA9 was incubated with liposomes made of lipids found within the mitochondrial membrane, such as 1', 3'-bis [1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol (CL), palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphocholine (POPC), palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphoserine (POPS), and palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphoethanolamine (POPE). HSPA9 displayed a predilection for CL and POPS, and low affinity for POPC and POPE, suggesting that the proteins have high specificity for negatively charged phospholipids. Then, liposomes were made with a composition resembling either the outer or inner mitochondrial membrane (OMM or IMM, respectively). We observed that HSPA9 has a higher affinity for IMM than OMM, which is consistent with the higher content of CL in the IMM. A comparison for the incorporation into POPS or CL liposomes by HSPA9 or HSPA1 indicated that both proteins behaved very similarly when exposed to CL liposomes, but differently with POPS liposomes, which was further corroborated by their susceptibility to proteinase K digestion after incorporation into liposomes. The measurement of thermodynamic parameters also showed that the interaction of both proteins with CL and POPS liposomes was different. Overall, our data showed that HSPA9 is prone to interact with membranes resembling the IMM that may be important for its role in the translocation of proteins into the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Dores-Silva
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David M Cauvi
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vanessa T R Kiraly
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Borges
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio De Maio
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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7
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Gitsels A, Sanders N, Vanrompay D. Chlamydial Infection From Outside to Inside. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2329. [PMID: 31649655 PMCID: PMC6795091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia are obligate intracellular bacteria, characterized by a unique biphasic developmental cycle. Specific interactions with the host cell are crucial for the bacteria’s survival and amplification because of the reduced chlamydial genome. At the start of infection, pathogen-host interactions are set in place in order for Chlamydia to enter the host cell and reach the nutrient-rich peri-Golgi region. Once intracellular localization is established, interactions with organelles and pathways of the host cell enable the necessary hijacking of host-derived nutrients. Detailed information on the aforementioned processes will increase our understanding on the intracellular pathogenesis of chlamydiae and hence might lead to new strategies to battle chlamydial infection. This review summarizes how chlamydiae generate their intracellular niche in the host cell, acquire host-derived nutrients in order to enable their growth and finally exit the host cell in order to infect new cells. Moreover, the evolution in the development of molecular genetic tools, necessary for studying the chlamydial infection biology in more depth, is discussed in great detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlieke Gitsels
- Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niek Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Tanphaichitr N, Kongmanas K, Faull KF, Whitelegge J, Compostella F, Goto-Inoue N, Linton JJ, Doyle B, Oko R, Xu H, Panza L, Saewu A. Properties, metabolism and roles of sulfogalactosylglycerolipid in male reproduction. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 72:18-41. [PMID: 30149090 PMCID: PMC6239905 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG, aka seminolipid) is selectively synthesized in high amounts in mammalian testicular germ cells (TGCs). SGG is an ordered lipid and directly involved in cell adhesion. SGG is indispensable for spermatogenesis, a process that greatly depends on interaction between Sertoli cells and TGCs. Spermatogenesis is disrupted in mice null for Cgt and Cst, encoding two enzymes essential for SGG biosynthesis. Sperm surface SGG also plays roles in fertilization. All of these results indicate the significance of SGG in male reproduction. SGG homeostasis is also important in male fertility. Approximately 50% of TGCs become apoptotic and phagocytosed by Sertoli cells. SGG in apoptotic remnants needs to be degraded by Sertoli lysosomal enzymes to the lipid backbone. Failure in this event leads to a lysosomal storage disorder and sub-functionality of Sertoli cells, including their support for TGC development, and consequently subfertility. Significantly, both biosynthesis and degradation pathways of the galactosylsulfate head group of SGG are the same as those of sulfogalactosylceramide (SGC), a structurally related sulfoglycolipid important for brain functions. If subfertility in males with gene mutations in SGG/SGC metabolism pathways manifests prior to neurological disorder, sperm SGG levels might be used as a reporting/predicting index of the neurological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongnuj Tanphaichitr
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kessiri Kongmanas
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kym F Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Federica Compostella
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - James-Jules Linton
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendon Doyle
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Oko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongbin Xu
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luigi Panza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Arpornrad Saewu
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Yi Z, Li Y, Liu D, Liu J, Li H. Extracellular HSP70/HSP70-PCs regulate hepatocarcinoma cell migration and invasion via RhoA. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1095-1100. [PMID: 28454219 PMCID: PMC5403325 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)/HSP70-peptide complexes (HSP70-PCs) on the invasion and metastasis ability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Huh-7 cells were investigated. Wound healing assay revealed that cells treated with HSP70/HSP70-PCs healed faster than negative control cells. HSP70/HSP70-PCs-treated cells also exhibited better migration ability and higher invasion ability than control cells. HSP70/HSP70-PCs treatment did not alter the messenger RNA (mRNA) or protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9; the opposite was true for Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) mRNA and protein levels. RNA interference of RhoA attenuated the migration of HSP70/HSP70-PCs-treated cells. The present findings indicate that regulation of HCC cell migration by HSP70/HSP70-PCs occurs via regulation of RhoA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yi
- School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Laboratory (TAML), First Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
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Gabius HJ, Manning JC, Kopitz J, André S, Kaltner H. Sweet complementarity: the functional pairing of glycans with lectins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1989-2016. [PMID: 26956894 PMCID: PMC11108359 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates establish the third alphabet of life. As part of cellular glycoconjugates, the glycans generate a multitude of signals in a minimum of space. The presence of distinct glycotopes and the glycome diversity are mapped by sugar receptors (antibodies and lectins). Endogenous (tissue) lectins can read the sugar-encoded information and translate it into functional aspects of cell sociology. Illustrated by instructive examples, each glycan has its own ligand properties. Lectins with different folds can converge to target the same epitope, while intrafamily diversification enables functional cooperation and antagonism. The emerging evidence for the concept of a network calls for a detailed fingerprinting. Due to the high degree of plasticity and dynamics of the display of genes for lectins the validity of extrapolations between different organisms of the phylogenetic tree yet is inevitably limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - J C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - J Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - H Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
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11
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McCallister C, Kdeiss B, Oliverio R, Nikolaidis N. Characterization of the binding between a 70-kDa heat shock protein, HspA1A, and phosphoinositides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:270-5. [PMID: 26923070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
HspA1A, a seventy-kilodalton heat shock protein, binds to specific anionic lipids and this interaction regulates important physiological phenomena like apoptosis, tumor growth, and lysosomal rescue. However, whether HspA1A binds to phosphoinositides has yet to be established and quantified. Therefore, in this study, we determined the binding affinity of HspA1A to several phosphoinositides and characterized five aspects of their molecular interaction. First, we established that HspA1A binds phosphatidylinositol monophosphates with higher affinity than di- and triphosphorylated inositides. Second, using high concentrations of potassium we found that HSPA1A embeds within the lipid bilayer of all phosphoinositides tested. However, the effects of the high salt concentrations were significantly different between the different phosphoinositides. Third, using calcium and reaction buffers equilibrated at different pH values we found that these differentially affected HspA1A-phosphoinositide binding, revealing a lipid-specific pattern of binding. Fourth, by assessing the binding properties of the two HspA1A domains, the nucleotide-binding domain and the substrate-binding domain, we determined that in most cases the full-length protein is necessary for binding to phosphoinositides. Fifth, by including in the reactions nucleotides and protein substrates we determined that they minimally and differentially affected phosphoinositide-binding. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that the HspA1A-phosphoinositide binding is complex yet specific, is mediated by both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, is not related to the lipid-head charge, and depends on the physicochemical properties of the lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea McCallister
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, and Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850, USA
| | - Brianna Kdeiss
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, and Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850, USA
| | - Ryan Oliverio
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, and Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850, USA
| | - Nikolas Nikolaidis
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, and Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850, USA.
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12
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A novel Hsp70 inhibitor prevents cell intoxication with the actin ADP-ribosylating Clostridium perfringens iota toxin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20301. [PMID: 26839186 PMCID: PMC4738285 DOI: 10.1038/srep20301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 family proteins are folding helper proteins involved in a wide variety of cellular pathways. Members of this family interact with key factors in signal transduction, transcription, cell-cycle control, and stress response. Here, we developed the first Hsp70 low molecular weight inhibitor specifically targeting the peptide binding site of human Hsp70. After demonstrating that the inhibitor modulates the Hsp70 function in the cell, we used the inhibitor to show for the first time that the stress-inducible chaperone Hsp70 functions as molecular component for entry of a bacterial protein toxin into mammalian cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Hsp70 protected cells from intoxication with the binary actin ADP-ribosylating iota toxin from Clostridium perfringens, the prototype of a family of enterotoxins from pathogenic Clostridia and inhibited translocation of its enzyme component across cell membranes into the cytosol. This finding offers a starting point for novel therapeutic strategies against certain bacterial toxins.
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13
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McCallister C, Kdeiss B, Nikolaidis N. Biochemical characterization of the interaction between HspA1A and phospholipids. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:41-53. [PMID: 26342809 PMCID: PMC4679732 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventy-kilodalton heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) are molecular chaperones essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Apart from their indispensable roles in protein homeostasis, specific Hsp70s localize at the plasma membrane and bind to specific lipids. The interaction of Hsp70s with lipids has direct physiological outcomes including lysosomal rescue, microautophagy, and promotion of cell apoptosis. Despite these essential functions, the Hsp70-lipid interactions remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we characterized the interaction of HspA1A, an inducible Hsp70, with five phospholipids. We first used high concentrations of potassium and established that HspA1A embeds in membranes when bound to all anionic lipids tested. Furthermore, we found that protein insertion is enhanced by increasing the saturation level of the lipids. Next, we determined that the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the protein binds to lipids quantitatively more than the substrate-binding domain (SBD). However, for all lipids tested, the full-length protein is necessary for embedding. We also used calcium and reaction buffers equilibrated at different pH values and determined that electrostatic interactions alone may not fully explain the association of HspA1A with lipids. We then determined that lipid binding is inhibited by nucleotide-binding, but it is unaffected by protein-substrate binding. These results suggest that the HspA1A lipid-association is specific, depends on the physicochemical properties of the lipid, and is mediated by multiple molecular forces. These mechanistic details of the Hsp70-lipid interactions establish a framework of possible physiological functions as they relate to chaperone regulation and localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea McCallister
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, and Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA
| | - Brianna Kdeiss
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, and Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA
| | - Nikolas Nikolaidis
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, and Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA.
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HspA1A, a 70-kDa heat shock protein, differentially interacts with anionic lipids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:835-40. [PMID: 26476215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HspA1A, a 70-kDa heat shock protein, binds to specific lipids. This interaction allows HspA1A to associate with the plasma and other cellular membranes, where it regulates many vital functions like immunity, membrane stabilization, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanism of the HspA1A-lipid interactions has yet to be fully characterized. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the interaction of HspA1A with three lipids, bis-(monoacylglycero)-phosphate, cardiolipin, and sulfatide. Our results revealed that, first, HspA1A embeds in membranes when bound to liposomes composed of cardiolipin and sulfatide. Second, the binding of HspA1A to lipids is complex and although important, electrostatic interactions alone cannot fully explain the observed binding. Third, the two HspA1A domains, the nucleotide-binding domain and the substrate-binding domain, differentially bind to lipids in a lipid-specific manner. Fourth, HspA1A lipid-binding is reduced by the presence of nucleotides, but it is unaffected by the presence of a peptide-substrate. These observations suggest that HspA1A binds to lipids via a multi-step mechanism and this interaction depends on the specific physicochemical properties of the lipid. We speculate that the association of HspA1A with lipids like the mitochondrial cardiolipin, which is an organelle marker, may facilitate the translocation and localized function of the molecular chaperone to particular sub-cellular compartments.
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Sulfatide-Hsp70 interaction promotes Hsp70 clustering and stabilizes binding to unfolded protein. Biomolecules 2015; 5:958-73. [PMID: 25989600 PMCID: PMC4496704 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70), one of the major stress-inducible molecular chaperones, is localized not only in the cytosol, but also in extracellular milieu in mammals. Hsp70 interacts with various cell surface glycolipids including sulfatide (3'-sulfogalactosphingolipid). However, the molecular mechanism, as well as the biological relevance, underlying the glycolipid-Hsp70 interaction is unknown. Here we report that sulfatide promotes Hsp70 oligomerization through the N-terminal ATPase domain, which stabilizes the binding of Hsp70 to unfolded protein in vitro. We find that the Hsp70 oligomer has apparent molecular masses ranging from 440 kDa to greater than 669 kDa. The C-terminal peptide-binding domain is dispensable for the sulfatide-induced oligomer formation. The oligomer formation is impaired in the presence of ATP, while the Hsp70 oligomer, once formed, is unable to bind to ATP. These results suggest that sulfatide locks Hsp70 in a high-affinity state to unfolded proteins by clustering the peptide-binding domain and blocking the binding to ATP that induces the dissociation of Hsp70 from protein substrates.
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16
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Functional diversification and specialization of cytosolic 70-kDa heat shock proteins. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9363. [PMID: 25791537 PMCID: PMC4366816 DOI: 10.1038/srep09363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in molecular evolution is how protein functional differentiation alters the ability of cells and organisms to cope with stress and survive. To answer this question we used two paralogous Hsp70s from mouse and explored whether these highly similar cytosolic molecular chaperones, which apart their temporal expression have been considered functionally interchangeable, are differentiated with respect to their lipid-binding function. We demonstrate that the two proteins bind to diverse lipids with different affinities and therefore are functionally specialized. The observed lipid-binding patterns may be related with the ability of both Hsp70s to induce cell death by binding to a particular plasma-membrane lipid, and the potential of only one of them to promote cell survival by binding to a specific lysosomal-membrane lipid. These observations reveal that two seemingly identical proteins differentially modulate cellular adaptation and survival by having acquired specialized functions via sequence divergence. Therefore, this study provides an evolutionary paradigm, where promiscuity, specificity, sub- and neo-functionalization orchestrate one of the most conserved systems in nature, the cellular stress-response.
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Manos-Turvey A, Brodsky JL, Wipf P. The Effect of Structure and Mechanism of the Hsp70 Chaperone on the Ability to Identify Chemical Modulators and Therapeutics. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2015_90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Response to metronidazole and oxidative stress is mediated through homeostatic regulator HsrA (HP1043) in Helicobacter pylori. J Bacteriol 2013; 196:729-39. [PMID: 24296668 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01047-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole (MTZ) is often used in combination therapies to treat infections caused by the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Resistance to MTZ results from loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding RdxA and FrxA nitroreductases. MTZ-resistant strains, when cultured at sub-MICs of MTZ (5 to 20 μg/ml), show dose-dependent defects in bacterial growth; depressed activities of many Krebs cycle enzymes, including pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR); and low transcript levels of porGDAB (primer extension), phenotypes consistent with an involvement of a transcriptional regulator. Using a combination of protein purification steps, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), and mass spectrometry analyses of proteins bound to porG promoter sequences, we identified HP1043, an essential homeostatic global regulator (HsrA [for homeostatic stress regulator]). Competition EMSAs and supershift analyses with HsrA-enriched protein fractions confirmed specific binding to porGDAB and hsrA promoter sequences. Exposure to MTZ resulted in >10-fold decreases in levels of HsrA and in levels of the HsrA-regulated gene products PFOR and TlpB. Exposure to paraquat (PQ), hydrogen peroxide, or organic peroxides showed near equivalence with MTZ, revealing a common oxidative stress response pathway. Finally, direct superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays showed an inverse relationship between HsrA levels and SOD activity, suggesting that HsrA may serve as a repressor of sodB. As a homeostatic sentinel, HsrA appears to be ideally positioned to enable rapid shutdown of genes associated with metabolism and growth while activating (directly or indirectly) oxidative defense genes in response to low levels of toxic metabolites (MTZ or oxygen) before they reach DNA-damaging levels.
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Gavilanes-Parra S, Mendoza-Hernández G, Chávez-Berrocal ME, Girón JA, Orozco-Hoyuela G, Manjarrez-Hernández A. Identification of secretory immunoglobulin A antibody targets from human milk in cultured cells infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Microb Pathog 2013; 64:48-56. [PMID: 24036180 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject effectors into host cells and alter cellular physiology. The aim of the present study was to identify targets of human secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies from the proteins delivered by EPEC into HEp-2 cells after infection. Bacterial proteins delivered into EPEC-infected cells were obtained in sub-cellular fractions (cytoplasmic, membrane, and cytoskeleton) and probed with sIgA antibodies from human milk and analyzed by Western blotting. These sIgA antibodies reacted with Tir and EspB in the cytoplasmic and membrane fractions, and with intimin in the membrane fraction mainly. The sIgA also identified an EPEC surface-associated Heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in HEp-2 cells infected with EPEC. Purified Hsp70 from EPEC was able to bind to HEp-2 cells, suggesting adhesive properties in this protein. EspC secreted to the medium reacted strongly with the sIgA antibodies. An EPEC 115 kDa protein, unrelated to the EspC protein, was detected in the cytoplasm of infected HEp-2 cells, suggesting that this is a new protein translocated by EPEC. The results suggest that there is a strong host antibody response to Tir and intimin, which are essential proteins for attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gavilanes-Parra
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D. F. 04510, Mexico
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20
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Assimon VA, Gillies AT, Rauch JN, Gestwicki JE. Hsp70 protein complexes as drug targets. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:404-17. [PMID: 22920901 PMCID: PMC3593251 DOI: 10.2174/138161213804143699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) plays critical roles in proteostasis and is an emerging target for multiple diseases. However, competitive inhibition of the enzymatic activity of Hsp70 has proven challenging and, in some cases, may not be the most productive way to redirect Hsp70 function. Another approach is to inhibit Hsp70's interactions with important co-chaperones, such as J proteins, nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) and tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain-containing proteins. These co-chaperones normally bind Hsp70 and guide its many diverse cellular activities. Complexes between Hsp70 and co-chaperones have been shown to have specific functions, including roles in pro-folding, pro-degradation and pro-trafficking pathways. Thus, a promising strategy may be to block protein- protein interactions between Hsp70 and its co-chaperones or to target allosteric sites that disrupt these contacts. Such an approach might shift the balance of Hsp70 complexes and re-shape the proteome and it has the potential to restore healthy proteostasis. In this review, we discuss specific challenges and opportunities related to these goals. By pursuing Hsp70 complexes as drug targets, we might not only develop new leads for therapeutic development, but also discover new chemical probes for use in understanding Hsp70 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Assimon
- Department of Pathology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
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21
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Takahashi T, Suzuki T. Role of sulfatide in normal and pathological cells and tissues. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:1437-50. [PMID: 22619219 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r026682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfatide is 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide that is synthesized by two transferases (ceramide galactosyltransferase and cerebroside sulfotransferase) from ceramide and is specifically degraded by a sulfatase (arylsulfatase A). Sulfatide is a multifunctional molecule for various biological fields including the nervous system, insulin secretion, immune system, hemostasis/thrombosis, bacterial infection, and virus infection. Therefore, abnormal metabolism or expression change of sulfatide could cause various diseases. Here, we discuss the important biological roles of sulfatide in the nervous system, insulin secretion, immune system, hemostasis/thrombosis, cancer, and microbial infections including human immunodeficiency virus and influenza A virus. Our review will be helpful to achieve a comprehensive understanding of sulfatide, which serves as a fundamental target of prevention of and therapy for nervous disorders, diabetes mellitus, immunological diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka and Global COE Program for Innovation in Human Health Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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22
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Dun MD, Aitken RJ, Nixon B. The role of molecular chaperones in spermatogenesis and the post-testicular maturation of mammalian spermatozoa. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18:420-35. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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23
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MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as a simple tool to determine the phospholipid/glycolipid composition of sperm: Pheasant spermatozoa as one selected example. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 123:270-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Henderson B, Martin A. Bacterial Moonlighting Proteins and Bacterial Virulence. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011; 358:155-213. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2011_188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Park JW. Ca2+-induced effect on mechanical properties of sulfatide-incorporated vesicles. J Membr Biol 2010; 238:63-8. [PMID: 21088830 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-010-9319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-induced effect on the nanomechanical properties of vesicles prepared at a different ratio of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/sulfatide was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on a mica surface. Vesicles were prepared by extrusion and adsorbed on the mica surface. The forces, measured between an AFM tip and the vesicle, showed that the breakthrough of the tip into the vesicles occurred two times. Force data prior to the first breakthrough were fitted well with the Hertzian model to estimate Young's modulus and bending modulus of the vesicles. Sulfatide incorporation led to a decrease of around 90% in Young's modulus and bending modulus of the vesicles due to the hydration of the headgroups, while the addition of Ca(2+) induced dehydration to recover the properties. The change of the physical properties seems to be attributed to the headgroup packing order of the vesicles, which is determined by the interference with the hydration shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 172 Gongreung 2-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-743, South Korea.
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26
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Mahfoud R, Manis A, Binnington B, Ackerley C, Lingwood CA. A major fraction of glycosphingolipids in model and cellular cholesterol-containing membranes is undetectable by their binding proteins. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:36049-59. [PMID: 20716521 PMCID: PMC2975227 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) accumulate in cholesterol-enriched cell membrane domains and provide receptors for protein ligands. Lipid-based "aglycone" interactions can influence GSL carbohydrate epitope presentation. To evaluate this relationship, Verotoxin binding its receptor GSL, globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb(3)), was analyzed in simple GSL/cholesterol, detergent-resistant membrane vesicles by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Vesicles separated into two Gb(3/)cholesterol-containing populations. The lighter, minor fraction (<5% total GSL), bound VT1, VT2, IgG/IgM mAb anti-Gb(3), HIVgp120 or Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin. Only IgM anti-Gb(3), more tolerant of carbohydrate modification, bound both vesicle fractions. Post-embedding cryo-immuno-EM confirmed these results. This appears to be a general GSL-cholesterol property, because similar receptor-inactive vesicles were separated for other GSL-protein ligand systems; cholera toxin (CTx)-GM1, HIVgp120-galactosyl ceramide/sulfatide. Inclusion of galactosyl or glucosyl ceramide (GalCer and GlcCer) rendered VT1-unreactive Gb(3)/cholesterol vesicles, VT1-reactive. We found GalCer and GlcCer bind Gb(3), suggesting GSL-GSL interaction can counter cholesterol masking of Gb(3). The similar separation of Vero cell membrane-derived vesicles into minor "binding," and major "non-binding" fractions when probed with VT1, CTx, or anti-SSEA4 (a human GSL stem cell marker), demonstrates potential physiological relevance. Cell membrane GSL masking was cholesterol- and actin-dependent. Cholesterol depletion of Vero and HeLa cells enabled differential VT1B subunit labeling of "available" and "cholesterol-masked" plasma membrane Gb(3) pools by fluorescence microscopy. Thus, the model GSL/cholesterol vesicle studies predicted two distinct membrane GSL formats, which were demonstrated within the plasma membrane of cultured cells. Cholesterol masking of most cell membrane GSLs may impinge many GSL receptor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhia Mahfoud
- From the Division of Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, and
| | - Adam Manis
- From the Division of Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, and
- the Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and
| | - Beth Binnington
- From the Division of Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, and
| | - Cameron Ackerley
- the Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario M5G 1X8 and
| | - Clifford A. Lingwood
- From the Division of Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, and
- the Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario M5G 1X8 and
- the Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and
- Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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27
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Sulfatide incorporation effect on mechanical properties of vesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 80:59-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Evans
- Department of Pathology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216
| | - Lyra Chang
- Department of Pathology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department of Pathology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216
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29
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Niimura Y, Moue T, Takahashi N, Nagai KI. Modification of sphingoglycolipids and sulfolipids in kidney cell lines under heat stress: Activation of monohexosylceramide synthesis as a ceramide scavenger. Glycobiology 2010; 20:710-7. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Park HJ, Mylvaganum M, McPherson A, Fewell SW, Brodsky JL, Lingwood CA. A soluble sulfogalactosyl ceramide mimic promotes Delta F508 CFTR escape from endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:461-70. [PMID: 19389632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AdaSGC binds Hsc70s to inhibit ATPase activity. Using single-turnover assays, adaSGC, a soluble SGC mimic, preferentially inhibited Hsp40-activated Hsc70 ATP hydrolysis (Ki approximately 10 microM) to reduce C-terminal Hsc70-peptide binding and, potentially, chaperone function. ERAD of misfolded Delta F508 CFTR requires Hsc70-Hsp40 chaperones. In transfected baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, adaSGC increased Delta F508CFTR ERAD escape, and after low-temperature glycerol rescue, maturation, and iodide efflux. Inhibition of SGC biosynthesis reduced Delta F508CFTR but not wtCFTR expression, whereas depletion of other glycosphingolipids had no affect. WtCFTR transfected BHK cells showed increased SGC synthesis compared with Delta F508CFTR/mock-transfected cells. Partial rescue of Delta F508CFTR by low-temperature glycerol increased SGC synthesis. AdaSGC also increased cellular endogenous SGC levels. SGC in the lung, liver, and kidney was severely depleted in Delta F508CFTR compared with wtCFTR mice, suggesting a role for CFTR in SGC biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Park
- Research Institute, Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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31
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Westerlund B, Slotte JP. How the molecular features of glycosphingolipids affect domain formation in fluid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Nixon B, Bielanowicz A, Mclaughlin EA, Tanphaichitr N, Ensslin MA, Aitken RJ. Composition and significance of detergent resistant membranes in mouse spermatozoa. J Cell Physiol 2009; 218:122-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Ricci L, Williams KP. Development of fluorescence polarization assays for the molecular chaperone Hsp70 family members: Hsp72 and DnaK. CURRENT CHEMICAL GENOMICS 2008; 2:90-5. [PMID: 20161846 PMCID: PMC2803438 DOI: 10.2174/1875397300802010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family of chaperones play crucial roles in protein folding and have been linked to numerous diseases. We were interested in developing a generally applicable assay format for the Hsp70 family and have developed fluorescence polarization based assays for both the mammalian Hsp72 and its bacterial counterpart, DnaK. These assays are comparable in assay set-up, incubation conditions and buffer components. Both unfolded polypeptides and synthetic peptides can be utilized as tracers to detect binding although peptides meeting the minimum seven residue length for Hsp70 binders have weaken binding when modified with fluorescein presumably due to steric effects. Although we did not identify a suitable general substrate for all Hsp70 proteins, fluorescein tagged peptide substrates that gave high affinity binding were identified for both DnaK and hsp72. We would predict that these assays will be suitable for identifying both selective chemical probes of Hsp70 family members and "pan" Hsp70 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Funakoshi Y, Suzuki T. Glycobiology in the cytosol: the bitter side of a sweet world. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1790:81-94. [PMID: 18952151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 08/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Progress in glycobiology has undergone explosive growth over the past decade with more of the researchers now realizing the importance of glycan chains in various inter- and intracellular processes. However, there is still an area of glycobiology awaiting exploration. This is especially the case for the field of "glycobiology in the cytosol" which remains rather poorly understood. Yet evidence is accumulating to demonstrate that the glycoconjugates and their recognition molecules (i.e. lectins) are often present in this subcellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Funakoshi
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Björkqvist Y, Nybond S, Nyholm T, Slotte J, Ramstedt B. N-palmitoyl-sulfatide participates in lateral domain formation in complex lipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:954-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The medium is the message: Glycosphingolipids and their soluble analogues. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:347-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Powers MV, Workman P. Inhibitors of the heat shock response: biology and pharmacology. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:3758-69. [PMID: 17559840 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of human diseases can be linked to aberrations in protein folding which cause an imbalance in protein homeostasis. Molecular chaperones, including heat shock proteins, act to assist protein folding, stability and activity in the cell. Attention has begun to focus on modulating the expression and/or activity of this group of proteins for the treatment of a wide variety of human diseases. This review will describe the progress made to date in developing pharmacological modulators of the heat shock response, including both agents which affect the entire heat shock response and those that specifically target the HSP70 and HSP90 chaperone families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa V Powers
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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38
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Fadel S, Eley A. Chlamydia trachomatis OmcB protein is a surface-exposed glycosaminoglycan-dependent adhesin. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:15-22. [PMID: 17172511 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The OmcB protein of Chlamydia trachomatis is a cysteine-rich outer membrane polypeptide with important functional, structural and antigenic properties. The entire gene encoding the OmcB protein from C. trachomatis serovar LGV1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and the full-length protein used to raise polyclonal antibodies. Recombinant OmcB was used to show that OmcB is a surface-exposed protein that functions as a chlamydial adhesin. Infectivity inhibition assays carried out using HeLa cells with serovar LGV1 in the presence of purified anti-OmcB serum showed inhibition of infectivity, suggesting that some of the OmcB was surface exposed. Moreover, using recombinant OmcB in infectivity inhibition assays resulted in 70% inhibition of infectivity, confirming that OmcB plays a role as an adhesin in C. trachomatis. Furthermore, recombinant OmcB protein bound to the surface of HeLa and Hec1B cells, but binding to glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-deficient cells (pgsA-745 and pgsD-677) was markedly reduced, indicating that OmcB binds to GAG-like receptors on host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Fadel
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Medical Research, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Adrian Eley
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Medical Research, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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Blomqvist M, Osterbye T, Månsson JE, Buschard K, Fredman P. Uptake of the glycosphingolipid sulfatide in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas in vivo and in isolated islets of Langerhans. Lipids Health Dis 2006; 5:26. [PMID: 17044925 PMCID: PMC1622747 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-5-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The glycosphingolipid sulfatide has previously been found in several mammalian tissues, but information on the uptake of exogenously administered sulfatide in different organs in vivo is limited. In pancreatic beta cells, sulfatide has been shown to be involved in insulin processing and secretion in vitro. In this study, we examined the uptake of exogenously administered sulfatide and its distribution to the pancreatic beta cells. This might encourage future studies of the function(s) of sulfatide in beta cell physiology in vivo. Radioactive sulfatide was given orally to mice whereafter the uptake of sulfatide in the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent delivery to the pancreas was examined. Sulfatide uptake in pancreas was also studied in vivo by i.p. administration of radioactive sulfatide in mice, and in vitro in isolated rat islets. Isolated tissue/islets were analysed by scintillation counting, autoradiography and thin-layer chromatography-ELISA. Results Sulfatide was taken up in the gastrointestinal tract for degradation or further transport to other organs. A selective uptake of short chain and/or hydroxylated sulfatide fatty acid isoforms was observed in the small intestine. Exogenously administered sulfatide was found in pancreas after i.p, but not after oral administration. The in vitro studies in isolated rat islets support that sulfatide, independently of its fatty acid length, is endocytosed and metabolised by pancreatic islets. Conclusion Our study supports a selective uptake and/or preservation of sulfatide in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration and with emphasises on pancreatic sulfatide uptake, i.p. administration results in sulfatide at relevant location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blomqvist
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Section, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas Osterbye
- Bartholin Instituttet, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan-Eric Månsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Section, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Karsten Buschard
- Bartholin Instituttet, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pam Fredman
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Section, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
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40
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Lingwood D, Ballantyne JS. Alkaline phosphatase–immunoglobulin conjugate binds to lipids in vitro, independent of antibody selectivity. J Immunol Methods 2006; 311:174-7. [PMID: 16524587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
At present, alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugates are major workhorses of immunological detection. However, APs are membrane bound enzymes, and therefore have the potential to interact with lipids. Using TLC overlay, we screened AP-conjugated immunoglobulins (IgGs), and AP-conjugated streptavidin, for their ability to bind sphingolipids and phospholipids non-specifically. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated IgG was tested as a negative control. AP-conjugates bound to all sphingolipids and phospholipids assayed, whereas no HRP-IgG binding was observed. AP conjugate-lipid binding could be reduced by pretreatment of chromatograms with polyisobutylmethacrylate. Addition of Tween 20 also abolished AP-lipid binding, except to lactosyl ceramide, suggesting a degree of specificity. This study serves to prevent spurious interpretation of AP-conjugate based binding assays, be they against purified lipids/lipid mixtures or tissue samples from which lipids have not been removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lingwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
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Radin NS. Preventing the binding of pathogens to the host by controlling sphingolipid metabolism. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:938-45. [PMID: 16460984 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The binding of many pathogens and toxins to human cells can be inhibited by (1) depleting host cells of their surface glycosphingolipids; (2) coating the binding sites on pathogens (adhesins) with glycosphingolipid-like substances (decoys); (3) coating the host's glycosphingolipids with substances that compete with the pathogen for binding. Details of using these methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman S Radin
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Nixon B, Asquith KL, John Aitken R. The role of molecular chaperones in mouse sperm-egg interactions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2005; 240:1-10. [PMID: 16043280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization is a unique and exquisitely choreographed cellular interaction between the male and female gamete that results in the creation of a genetically unique individual. Despite the fundamental importance of fertilization, there remains a dearth of information about the basic biochemical mechanisms that underpin this process. One of the key issues that remain unresolved is the molecular basis of sperm-egg recognition. From the female perspective, it is well established that the sperm recognition sites reside in the zona pellucida (ZP), an acellular coat that surrounds the oocyte. In contrast, numerous studies into the cognate zona receptors residing on the sperm surface have failed to shed significant light on the biochemical identity of these molecules. Such difficulties may, in part, have arisen because investigations have traditionally been based on the precept that the zona receptor represents a single molecular entity that is constitutively expressed on the sperm surface. While such a view holds obvious appeal, it fails to account for growing evidence that gamete interaction is not mediated by a simple lock-and-key mechanism. In this review, we present a novel hypothesis in which the zona recognition site is portrayed as a multimeric molecular structure that is assembled into a functional complex during a maturation process known as 'capacitation'. Furthermore, we consider the possibility that this previously cryptic complex is assembled and delivered to the outer surface of the sperm plasma membrane through the concerted action of several members of the molecular chaperone family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Nixon
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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43
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Sandhoff R, Grieshaber H, Djafarzadeh R, Sijmonsma TP, Proudfoot AEI, Handel TM, Wiegandt H, Nelson PJ, Gröne HJ. Chemokines bind to sulfatides as revealed by surface plasmon resonance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2005; 1687:52-63. [PMID: 15708353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2004.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2004] [Revised: 11/05/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines bind to sulfated cell surface glycosaminoglycans and thereby modulate signaling mediated by G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane domain chemokine receptors. Similar to glycosaminoglycans, sulfated oligosaccharides are also exposed on the cell surface by sulfatides, a class of glycosphingolipids. We have now identified sulfated glycosphingolipids (sulfatides) as novel binding partners for chemokines. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the binding of proinflammatory and homeostatic chemokines to glycosphingolipids, in particular sulfatides, was investigated. Chemokines were immobilized while glycosphingolipids or additional phospholipids incorporated into liposomes were applied as soluble analytes. A specific affinity of the chemokines MCP-1/CCL2, IL-8/CXCL8, SDF-1alpha/CXCL12, MIP-1alpha/CCL3 and MIP-1beta/CCL4 to the sulfatides SM4s, SM3, SM2a and SB2, SB1a was detected. No significant interactions with the chemokines were observed for gangliosides, neutral glycosphingolipids or phospholipids. Chemokine receptors have been associated with the detergent-insoluble fraction supposed to contain 'rafts', i.e., glycosphingolipid enriched microdomains of the cell surface. Accordingly, the data suggest that early chemokine receptor signaling may take place in the vicinity of sulfated glycosphingolipids on the cell surface, whereby these sulfatides could modulate the chemokine receptor-mediated cell activation signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
Myelin, the multilayered membrane which surrounds nerve axons, is the only example of a membranous structure where contact between extracellular surfaces of membrane from the same cell occurs. The two major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of myelin, galactosylceramide (GalC) and its sulfated form, galactosylceramide I(3)-sulfate (SGC), can interact with each other by trans carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions across apposed membranes. They occur in detergent-insoluble lipid rafts containing kinases and thus may be located in membrane signaling domains. These signaling domains may contact each other across apposed extracellular membranes, thus forming glycosynapses in myelin. Multivalent forms of these carbohydrates, GalC/SGC-containing liposomes, or galactose conjugated to albumin, have been added to cultured oligodendrocytes (OLs) to mimic interactions which might occur between these signaling domains when OL membranes or the extracellular surfaces of myelin come into contact. These interactions between multivalent carbohydrate and the OL membrane cause co-clustering or redistribution of myelin GSLs, GPI-linked proteins, several transmembrane proteins, and signaling proteins to the same membrane domains. They also cause depolymerization of the cytoskeleton, indicating that they cause transmission of a signal across the membrane. Their effects have similarities to those of anti-GSL antibodies on OLs, shown by others, suggesting that the multivalent carbohydrate interacts with GalC/SGC in the OL membrane. Communication between the myelin sheath and the axon regulates both axonal and myelin function and is necessary to prevent neurodegeneration. Participation of transient GalC and SGC interactions in glycosynapses between the apposed extracellular surfaces of mature compact internodal myelin might allow transmission of signals throughout the myelin sheath and thus facilitate myelin-axonal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Boggs
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8.
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45
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Lingwood C, Mylvaganam M, Minhas F, Binnington B, Branch DR, Pomès R. The Sulfogalactose Moiety of Sulfoglycosphingolipids Serves as a Mimic of Tyrosine Phosphate in Many Recognition Processes. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:12542-7. [PMID: 15634687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413724200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple ligand co-recognition of 3'-sulfogalactosylceramide (SGC) and sulfotyrosine initiated the comparison of SGC and sulfotyrosine and, subsequently, phosphotyrosine (pY) binding. SGC is a receptor for ligands involved in cell adhesion/microbial pathology. pY forms a Src homology domain 2 recognition motif in intracellular signaling. Using hsp70, anti-SGC, and anti-pY antibodies, ligand binding is retained following phosphate/sulfate and tyrosine/galactose substitution in SGC and sulfate/phosphate exchange in pY. Remarkable lipid-dependent binding to phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated sulfotyrosine suggests "microenvironmental" modulation of sulfotyrosine-containing receptors, similar to glycosphingolipids. Based on an aryl substrate-bound co-crystal of arylsulfatase A, a sulfogalactose and phosphotyrosine esterase, modeling provides a solvation basis for co-recognition. c-Src/Src homology domain 2:SGC/phosphogalactosylceramide binding confirms our hypothesis, heralding a carbohydrate-based approach to regulation of phosphotyrosine-mediated recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Lingwood
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1X8, Canada.
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46
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Blomqvist M, Carrier M, Andrews T, Pettersson K, Månsson JE, Rynmark BM, Fredman P, Buschard K. In vivo administration of the C16:0 fatty acid isoform of sulfatide increases pancreatic sulfatide and enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2005; 21:158-66. [PMID: 15580649 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfatide is present in the secretory granules of beta cells and has been shown, in vitro, to be involved in insulin processing and secretion. Of particular interest is one of the major sulfatide isoforms in the beta cells, the C16:0 fatty acid isoform, which has been shown to be involved in insulin crystal preservation in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of C16:0 fatty acid isoform of sulfatide to affect insulin secretion and/or action and glycaemic control in the adipogenic 'prediabetic' Zucker rat. METHODS The C16:0 sulfatide was administered to Zucker rats for 10 weeks, and fasting levels of plasma insulin and glucose were measured as well as levels after an intravenous (i.v.) glucose load. In addition, the sulfatide expression, examined by thin-layer chromatography-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and mass spectrometry, in the pancreas of C16:0 sulfatide-treated Zucker rats was compared to controls. RESULTS The in vivo treatment of Zucker rats with C16:0 sulfatide resulted in significantly elevated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (60-80% increase, p < 0.05), without significant changes in glucose tolerance. The treatment was associated with an ameliorated first-phase insulin response (3-4-fold, p = 0.009, 0.016) and a 60% increase of pancreatic sulfatide content (p = 0.001), possible by an uptake of C16:0 sulfatide. The fasting hyperinsulinaemia and blood glucose levels were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The treatment with C16:0 sulfatide elevates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and enhances sulfatide content in the pancreas of Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blomqvist
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
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47
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Wehrl W, Brinkmann V, Jungblut PR, Meyer TF, Szczepek AJ. From the inside out - processing of the Chlamydial autotransporter PmpD and its role in bacterial adhesion and activation of human host cells. Mol Microbiol 2004; 51:319-34. [PMID: 14756775 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphic membrane protein (Pmp)21 otherwise known as PmpD is the longest of 21 Pmps expressed by Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Recent bioinformatical analyses annotated PmpD as belonging to a family of exported Gram-negative bacterial proteins designated autotransporters. This prediction, however, was never experimentally supported, nor was the function of PmpD known. Here, using 1D and 2D PAGE we demonstrate that PmpD is processed into two parts, N-terminal (N-pmpD), middle (M-pmpD) and presumably third, C-terminal part (C-pmpD). Based on localization of the external part on the outer membrane as shown by immunofluorescence, immuno-electron microscopy and immunoblotting combined with trypsinization, we demonstrate that N-pmpD translocates to the surface of bacteria where it non-covalently binds other components of the outer membrane. We propose that N-pmpD functions as an adhesin, as antibodies raised against N-pmpD blocked chlamydial infectivity in the epithelial cells. In addition, recombinant N-pmpD activated human monocytes in vitro by upregulating their metabolic activity and by stimulating IL-8 release in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that N-PmpD is an autotransporter component of chlamydial outer membrane, important for bacterial invasion and host inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wehrl
- Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Schumannstr. 21/22, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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48
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Chark D, Nutikka A, Trusevych N, Kuzmina J, Lingwood C. Differential carbohydrate epitope recognition of globotriaosyl ceramide by verotoxins and a monoclonal antibody. Role in human renal glomerular binding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:405-17. [PMID: 14717708 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of renal expression of the glycosphingolipid verotoxin receptor, globotriaosylceramide, in susceptibility to verotoxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome is unclear. We show that a single glycosphingolipid can discriminate multiple specific ligands. Antibody detection of globotriaosylceramide in renal sections does not necessarily predict verotoxin binding. The deoxyglobotriaosylceramide binding profile for verotoxin 1, verotoxin 2 and monoclonal anti-globotriaosylceramide are distinct. Anti-globotriaosylceramide had greater dependency on the intact alpha-galactose and reducing glucose of globotriaosylceramide than verotoxin 1, while verotoxin 2 was intermediate. These ligands differentially stained human kidney sections. Glomerulopathy is the primary verotoxin-associated pathology in hemolytic uremic syndrome. For most samples, verotoxin 1 immunostaining within adult glomeruli was observed (type A). Some samples, however, lacked glomerular binding (type B). Anti-globotriaosylceramide (and less effectively, verotoxin 2) stained all glomeruli. Verotoxin 1/anti-globotriaosylceramide tubular staining was comparable. Type B glomerular/tubular globotriaosylceramide showed minor, but significant, fatty acid compositional differences. Verotoxin 1 type B glomerular binding became evident following pretreatment with cold acetone, or methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, used to deplete cholesterol. Direct visualization, using fluorescein isothiocyanate-verotoxin 1B, showed paediatric, but no adult glomerular staining; this was confirmed by anti-fluorescein isothiocyanate immunostaining. Acetone induced fluorescein isothiocyanate-verotoxin 1B glomerular staining in type A, but poorly in type B samples. Comparison of fluorescein isothiocyanate-verotoxin 1B and native verotoxin 1B deoxyglobotriaosylceramide analogue binding showed an alteration in subspecificity. These studies indicate a marked heterogeneity of globotriaosylceramide expression within renal glomeruli and differential binding of verotoxin 1/verotoxin 2/anti-globotriaosylceramide to the same glycosphingolipid. Verotoxin 1 derivatization can induce subtle changes in globotriaosylceramide binding to significantly affect tissue binding. Heterogeneity in glomerular globotriaosylceramide expression may play a significant (cholesterol-dependent?) role in determining renal pathology following verotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Chark
- Research Institute, Division of Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Blomqvist M, Osterbye T, Månsson JE, Horn T, Buschard K, Fredman P. Selective lack of the C16:0 fatty acid isoform of sulfatide in pancreas of type II diabetic animal models. APMIS 2003; 111:867-77. [PMID: 14510644 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.1110905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sulfatide (3'-sulfogalactosyl-ceramide) is a glycosphingolipid mainly located in the nervous system, but has also been found in the islets of Langerhans. Previous studies have suggested that sulfatide is involved in insulin processing and secretion. In this study, sulfatide expression and metabolism in pancreas and isolated islets of the type II diabetes models, ob/ob- and db/db mouse, was investigated using TLC-ELISA, metabolic labelling and electron microscopy. As in non-diabetic Lewis rat and human pancreas, sulfatide was located in secretory granules of the beta cells. However, the type II diabetic animal models and their background strains had an altered sulfatide expression, involving the lack of the C16:0 sulfatide fatty acid isoform, compared to non-diabetic Lewis rat, BALB/c mouse and human pancreatic tissue, in which the two dominating pancreatic sulfatide isoforms C16:0 and C24:0 are expressed. Correspondingly, in isolated ob/ob islets, sulfatide synthesis excluded the production of C16:0 sulfatide. Insulin administration to ob/ob mouse, which lowers beta cell activity, resulted in significantly increased sulfatide expression in pancreas (p=0.0003), but still no expression of the C16:0 sulfatide isoform. In vitro, the C16:0 sulfatide was shown to be the isomer involved in the preservation of insulin crystals. Thus, it is hypothesized that the selection of sulfatide isomers in pancreas might be a genetic factor contributing to disease development in type II diabetic animal models.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brefeldin A/pharmacology
- Chloroquine/analogs & derivatives
- Chloroquine/pharmacology
- Chromatography, Thin Layer
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Fumonisins/pharmacology
- Galactosylceramides
- Humans
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/ultrastructure
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Microscopy, Electron
- Protein Isoforms
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Sulfoglycosphingolipids/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sulfoglycosphingolipids/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blomqvist
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Experimental Neuroscience Section, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, Sweden.
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50
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Maehashi E, Sato C, Ohta K, Harada Y, Matsuda T, Hirohashi N, Lennarz WJ, Kitajima K. Identification of the sea urchin 350-kDa sperm-binding protein as a new sialic acid-binding lectin that belongs to the heat shock protein 110 family: implication of its binding to gangliosides in sperm lipid rafts in fertilization. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:42050-7. [PMID: 12917406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307493200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 350-kDa sperm-binding protein (SBP), a species-specific sperm-binding protein, is localized in the vitelline layer of sea urchin eggs. In this study, we have shown for the first time that sperm gangliosides are ligands for the intact glycosylated SBP. Using recombinant fragments of the SBP, the N-terminal heat shock protein 110-like domain was shown to be responsible for the binding. The intact SBP could bind various gangliosides, and the binding was sialidase-sensitive and inhibited by sialyllactose, thus indicating that it is the sialic acid-binding protein. Calcium and magnesium ions were not required but they did enhance the binding activity of SBP. The observation that bacterially expressed recombinant SBP and the sialidase-treated intact glycosylated SBP lost divalent cation-dependent enhancement of binding activity suggests that the sialylated carbohydrate moieties of the SBP may be involved in this property. Furthermore, the SBP was shown to bind sperm lipid rafts, in which gangliosides are enriched, and this binding was lost upon sialidase treatment of the lipid rafts. Finally, liposomes containing the ganglioside specifically inhibited fertilization. Taken together, these results allow us to identify SBP as a member of a new class of sialic acid-binding lectin belonging to the Hsp110 family, and indicate that SBP may be involved in interaction of sperm with the vitelline layer of the egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Maehashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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