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De S, Thapa B, Sayyed FB, Frank SA, Cornwell PD, Jolly RA. Quantum Mechanical Assessment of Nitrosamine Potency. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1011-1022. [PMID: 38804898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Nitrosamines are in the cohort of concern (CoC) as determined by regulatory guidance. CoC compounds are considered highly potent carcinogens that need to be limited below the threshold of toxicological concern, 1.5 μg/day. Nitrosamines like NDMA and NDEA require strict control, while novel nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs) may or may not be characterized as potent carcinogens. A risk assessment based on the structural features of NDSRIs is important in order to predict potency because they lack substance-specific carcinogenicity. Herein, we present a quantum mechanical (QM)-based analysis on structurally diverse sets of nitrosamines to better understand how structure influences the reactivity that could result in carcinogenicity. We describe the potency trend through activation energies corresponding to α-hydroxylation, aldehyde formation, diazonium intermediate formation, reaction with DNA base, and hydrolysis reactions, and other probable metabolic pathways associated with the carcinogenicity of nitrosamines. We evaluated activation energies for selected cases such as N-nitroso pyrrolidines, N-nitroso piperidines, N-nitroso piperazines, N-nitroso morpholines, N-nitroso thiomorpholine, N-methyl nitroso aromatic, fluorine-substituted nitrosamines, and substituted aliphatic nitrosamines. We compare these results to the recent framework of the carcinogenic potency characterization approach (CPCA) proposed by health authorities which is meant to give guidance on acceptable intakes (AI) for NDSRIs lacking substance-specific carcinogenicity data. We show examples where QM modeling and CPCA are aligned and examples where CPCA both underestimates and overestimates the AI. In cases where CPCA predicts high potency for NDSRIs, QM modeling can help better estimate an AI. Our results suggest that a combined mechanistic understanding of α-hydroxylation, aldehyde formation, hydrolysis, and reaction with DNA bases could help identify the structural features that underpin the potency of nitrosamines. We anticipate this work will be a valuable addition to the CPCA and provide a more analytical way to estimate AI for novel NDSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriman De
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly Services India Pvt Ltd, Devarabeesanahalli , Bengaluru 560103, India
| | - Bishnu Thapa
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technology, LRL, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Fareed Bhasha Sayyed
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly Services India Pvt Ltd, Devarabeesanahalli , Bengaluru 560103, India
| | - Scott A Frank
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Paul D Cornwell
- Toxicology, LRL, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Robert A Jolly
- Toxicology, LRL, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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2
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Wang S, Sun D, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Wang Y. The elusive reaction mechanism of Mn(II)-mediated benzylic oxidation of alkylarene by H 2O 2: a gem-diol mechanism or a dual hydrogen abstraction mechanism? Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37997638 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02943c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The direct oxygenation of alkylarenes at the benzylic position employing bioinspired nonheme catalysts has emerged as a promising strategy for the production of bioactive arene ketone scaffolds in drugs. However, the structure-activity relationship of the active species and the mechanism of these reactions remain elusive. Herein, the reaction mechanism of the Mn(II)-mediated benzylic oxygenation of phenylbutanoic acid (PBA) to 4-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid (4-oxo-PBA) by H2O2 was investigated using density functional theory calculations. The calculated results demonstrated that the MnIII-OOH species (1) is a sluggish oxidant and needs to be converted to a high-valent manganese-oxo species (2). The conversion of PBA to 4-oxo-PBA by 2 occurs via the consecutive hydroxylation of PBA to 4-hydroxyl-4-phenylbutyric acid (4-OH-PBA) and the alcohol oxidation of 4-OH-PBA to 4-oxo-PBA. The hydroxylation of PBA proceeds via a novel hydride transfer/hydroxyl-rebound mechanism and the alcohol oxidation of 4-OH-PBA occurs via three pathways (gem-diol, dual hydrogen abstraction (DHA), and reversed-DHA pathways). The regio-selectivity of benzylic oxidations was caused by a strong π-π stacking interaction between the pyridine ring of the nonheme ligand and the phenyl ring of the substrate. These mechanistic findings enrich the knowledge of biomimetic alcohol oxidations and play a positive role in the rational design of new non-heme catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Dongru Sun
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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3
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Singh R, Bains AK, Kundu A, Jain H, Yadav S, Dey D, Adhikari D. Mechanistic Elucidation of an Alcohol Oxidation Reaction Promoted by a Nickel Azophenolate Complex. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Amreen K. Bains
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Abhishek Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Harshit Jain
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Sudha Yadav
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Dhananjay Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
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4
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K Bains A, Ankit Y, Adhikari D. Bioinspired Radical-Mediated Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of N-Heterocycles under Visible Light. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:324-329. [PMID: 33210460 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A redox-active iminoquinone motif connected with π-delocalized pyrene core has been reported that can perform efficient two-electron oxidation of a class of substrates. The design of the molecule was inspired by the organic redox cofactor topaquinone (TPQ), which executes amine oxidation in the enzyme, copper amine oxidase. Easy oxidation of both primary and secondary alcohols happened in the presence of catalytic KOtBu, which could reduce the ligand backbone to its iminosemiquinonate form under photoinduced conditions. Moreover, this easy oxidation of alcohols under aerobic condition could be elegantly extended to multi-component, one-pot coupling for the synthesis of quinoline and pyrimidine. This organocatalytic approach is very mild (70 °C, 8 h) compared to a multitude of transition-metal catalysts that have been used to prepare these heterocycles. A detailed mechanistic study proves the intermediacy of the iminosemiquinonate-type radical and a critical hydrogen atom transfer step to be involved in the dehydrogenation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen K Bains
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and research (IISER)-Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Yadav Ankit
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and research (IISER)-Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and research (IISER)-Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
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5
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Lu Q, Song J, Wu P, Li C, Thiel W. Mechanistic Insights into the Directing Effect of Thr303 in Ethanol Oxidation by Cytochrome P450 2E1. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Liu D, Liu JC, Cai W, Ma J, Yang HB, Xiao H, Li J, Xiong Y, Huang Y, Liu B. Selective photoelectrochemical oxidation of glycerol to high value-added dihydroxyacetone. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1779. [PMID: 30992441 PMCID: PMC6467901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is highly profitable to transform glycerol – the main by-product from biodiesel production to high value-added chemicals. In this work, we develop a photoelectrochemical system based on nanoporous BiVO4 for selective oxidation of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone – one of the most valuable derivatives of glycerol. Under AM 1.5G front illumination (100 mW cm−2) in an acidic medium (pH = 2) without adscititious oxidant, the nanoporous BiVO4 photoanode achieves a glycerol oxidation photocurrent density of 3.7 mA cm−2 at a potential of 1.2 V versus RHE with 51% 1,3-dihydroxyacetone selectivity, equivalent to a production rate of 200 mmol of 1,3-dihydroxyacetone per m2 of illumination area in one hour. The selective conversion of inexpensive precursors to high-value chemicals presents valuable academic and industrial consequences. Here, the authors show bismuth vanadate photoanodes to utilize light and photoelectrochemically oxidize glycerol selectively to valuable industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jin-Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weizheng Cai
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jun Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hong Bin Yang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Institute for Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yanqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
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7
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Sun H, Piotrowski DW, Orr STM, Warmus JS, Wolford AC, Coffey SB, Futatsugi K, Zhang Y, Vaz ADN. Deuterium isotope effects in drug pharmacokinetics II: Substrate-dependence of the reaction mechanism influences outcome for cytochrome P450 cleared drugs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206279. [PMID: 30427871 PMCID: PMC6235261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two chemotypes were examined in vitro with CYPs 3A4 and 2C19 by molecular docking, metabolic profiles, and intrinsic clearance deuterium isotope effects with specifically deuterated form to assess the potential for enhancement of pharmacokinetic parameters. The results show the complexity of deuteration as an approach for pharmacokinetic enhancement when CYP enzymes are involved in metabolic clearance. With CYP3A4 the rate limiting step was chemotype-dependent. With one chemotype no intrinsic clearance deuterium isotope effect was observed with any deuterated form, whereas with the other chemotype the rate limiting step was isotopically sensitive, and the magnitude of the intrinsic clearance isotope effect was dependent on the position(s) and extent of deuteration. Molecular docking and metabolic profiles aided in identifying sites for deuteration and predicted the possibility for metabolic switching. However, the potential for an isotope effect on the intrinsic clearance cannot be predicted and must be established by examining select deuterated versions of the chemotypes. The results show how in a deuteration strategy molecular docking, in-vitro metabolic profiles, and intrinsic clearance assessments with select deuterated versions of new chemical entities can be applied to determine the potential for pharmacokinetic enhancement in a discovery setting. They also help explain the substantial failures reported in the literature of deuterated versions of drugs to elicit a systemic enhancement on pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DWP); (HS); (ADNV)
| | - David W. Piotrowski
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DWP); (HS); (ADNV)
| | - Suvi T. M. Orr
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Joseph S. Warmus
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Angela C. Wolford
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Steven B. Coffey
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kentaro Futatsugi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yinsheng Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alfin D. N. Vaz
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DWP); (HS); (ADNV)
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8
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Xie J, Lo PK, Lam CS, Lau KC, Lau TC. A hydrogen-atom transfer mechanism in the oxidation of alcohols by [FeO4]2− in aqueous solution. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:240-245. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03830e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of alcohols by [FeO4]2− in aqueous solution is found to proceed via a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism based on deuterium isotope effects, correlation between rate constants and bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Po-Kam Lo
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chow-Shing Lam
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Chung Lau
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- People's Republic of China
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9
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Li RJ, Li A, Zhao J, Chen Q, Li N, Yu HL, Xu JH. Engineering P450LaMO stereospecificity and product selectivity for selective C–H oxidation of tetralin-like alkylbenzenes. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01448e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Via Phe scanning based protein engineering, P450LaMO increased enantioselectivity to er 98 : 2 and product selectivity, alcohol : ketone, to ak 99 : 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Aitao Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- College of Life Sciences
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
| | - Jing Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Tianjin 300308
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Hui-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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10
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Bae JM, Lee MM, Lee SA, Lee SY, Bok KH, Kim J, Kim C. Nonheme iron complex-catalyzed efficient alcohol oxidation by t-BuOOH with N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as co-catalyst: Implication of high valent iron-oxo species. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Highly efficient transformation of alcohol to carbonyl compounds under a hybrid bifunctional catalyst originated from metalloporphyrins and hydrotalcite. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Olivo G, Giosia S, Barbieri A, Lanzalunga O, Di Stefano S. Alcohol oxidation with H2O2 catalyzed by a cheap and promptly available imine based iron complex. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10630-10635. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01984f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A cheap and easily available catalyst for alcohol oxidation with unexpected selectivity features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Olivo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- I-00185 Rome
- Italy
- Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR)
| | - Simone Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- I-00185 Rome
- Italy
- Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR)
| | - Alessia Barbieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- I-00185 Rome
- Italy
- Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR)
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- I-00185 Rome
- Italy
- Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR)
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- I-00185 Rome
- Italy
- Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR)
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13
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Ghosh M, Nikhil YLK, Dhar BB, Sen Gupta S. Mechanism of Alcohol Oxidation by Fe(V)(O) at Room Temperature. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11792-8. [PMID: 26645088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selective oxidation of alcohol to its corresponding carbonyl compound is an important chemical process in biological as well as industrial reactions. The heme containing enzyme CytP450 has been known to selectively oxidize alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl compounds. The mechanism of this reaction, which involves high-valent Fe(IV)(O)-porphyrin(•+) intermediate with alcohol, has been well-studied extensively both with the native enzyme and with model complexes. In this paper, we report for the first time the mechanistic insight of alcohol oxidation with Fe(V)(O) complex of biuret TAML (bTAML), which is isoelectronic with Fe(IV)(O)-porphyrin(•+) intermediate form in CytP450. The oxidations displayed saturation kinetics, which allowed us to determine both the binding constants and first-order rate constants for the reaction. The K and k values observed for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol by Fe(V)(O) at room temperature (K = 300 M(-1), k = 0.35 s(-1)) is very similar to that obtained by CytP450 compound I at -50 °C (K = 214 M(-1), k = 0.48 s(-1)). Thermodynamic parameters determined from van't Hoff's plot (ΔH∼ -4 kcal/mol) suggest hydrogen bonding interaction between substrate and bTAML ligand framework of the Fe(V)(O) complex. Analysis of H/D KIE (kH/kD ∼ 19 at 303 K), Hammett correlation and linearity in Bell-Evans-Polyanski plot points to the C-H abstraction as the rate determination step. Finally, experiments using Fe(V)(O(18)) for benzyl alcohol oxidation and use of the "radical clock" cyclobutanol as a substrate shows the absence of a rebound mechanism as is observed for CytP450. Instead, an ET/PT process is proposed after C-H abstraction leading to formation of the aldehyde, similar to what has been proposed for the heme and nonheme model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Ghosh
- Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008, India
| | - Y L K Nikhil
- Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008, India
| | - Basab B Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar University , Goutam Buddha Nagar, UP 201314, India
| | - Sayam Sen Gupta
- Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008, India
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14
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Meng C, Yang K, Fu X, Yuan R. Photocatalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol by Homogeneous CuCl2/Solvent: A Model System to Explore the Role of Molecular Oxygen. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis
on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis
on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis
on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Rusheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis
on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
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15
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Shin JW, Bae JM, Kim C, Min KS. Catalysis and molecular magnetism of dinuclear iron(III) complexes with N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-iminodiethanol/-ate. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3999-4008. [PMID: 24452503 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of N-(2-pyridylmethyl)iminodiethanol (H2pmide) and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O in MeOH led to the formation of a dimeric iron(III) complex, [(Hpmide)Fe(NO3)]2(NO3)2·2CH3OH (1). Its anion-exchanged form, [(pmide)Fe(N3)]2 (2), was prepared by the reaction of 1and NaN3 in MeOH, during which the Hpmide ligand of 1 was also deprotonated. These compounds were investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction and magnetochemistry. In complex 1, one iron(III) ion was bonded with a mono-deprotonated Hpmide ligand and a nitrate ion. The two iron(III) ions within the dinuclear unit were connected by two ethoxy groups with an inversion center. In 2, one iron(III) ion was coordinated with a deprotonated pmide ligand and an azide ion. The Fe(pmide)(N3) unit was related by symmetry through an inversion center. Both 1 and 2 efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of a variety of alcohols under mild conditions. The oxidation mechanism was proposed to involve an Fe(IV)=O intermediate as the major reactive species and an Fe(V)=O intermediate as a minor oxidant. Evidence for this proposal was derived from reactivity and Hammett studies, KIE (kH/kD) values, and the use of MPPH (2-methyl-1-phenylprop-2-yl hydroperoxide) as a mechanistic probe. Both compounds had significant antiferromagnetic interactions between the iron(III) ions via the oxygen atoms. 1 showed a strong antiferromagnetic interaction within the Fe(III) dimer, while 2 had a weak antiferromagnetic coupling within the Fe(III) dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Won Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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16
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Montagut-Romans A, Boulven M, Lemaire M, . Popowycz F. Efficient C-3 reductive alkylation of 4-hydroxycoumarin by dehydrogenative oxidation of benzylic alcohols through ruthenium catalysis. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01517c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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von Bühler C, Le-Huu P, Urlacher VB. Cluster Screening: An Effective Approach for Probing the Substrate Space of Uncharacterized Cytochrome P450s. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2189-98. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Bell CC, Santoyo Castelazo A, Yang EL, Maggs JL, Jenkins RE, Tugwood J, O’Neill PM, Naisbitt DJ, Park BK. Oxidative Bioactivation of Abacavir in Subcellular Fractions of Human Antigen Presenting Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1064-72. [DOI: 10.1021/tx400041v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C. Bell
- MRC Centre
for Drug Safety Science,
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Anahi Santoyo Castelazo
- MRC Centre
for Drug Safety Science,
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Yang
- MRC Centre
for Drug Safety Science,
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - James L. Maggs
- MRC Centre
for Drug Safety Science,
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind E. Jenkins
- MRC Centre
for Drug Safety Science,
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Tugwood
- Paterson Institute
for Cancer
Research, The University of Manchester,
Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M. O’Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - Dean J. Naisbitt
- MRC Centre
for Drug Safety Science,
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - B. Kevin Park
- MRC Centre
for Drug Safety Science,
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
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19
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Wigington BN, Drummond ML, Cundari TR, Thorn DL, Hanson SK, Scott SL. A Biomimetic Pathway for Vanadium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols: Evidence for a Base-Assisted Dehydrogenation Mechanism. Chemistry 2012; 18:14981-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Morimoto Y, Park J, Suenobu T, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Mechanistic Borderline of One-Step Hydrogen Atom Transfer versus Stepwise Sc3+-Coupled Electron Transfer from Benzyl Alcohol Derivatives to a Non-Heme Iron(IV)-Oxo Complex. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:10025-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3016723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Morimoto
- Department of Material and Life
Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - Jiyun Park
- Department of Material and Life
Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Suenobu
- Department of Material and Life
Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Bioinspired
Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul
120-750, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Bioinspired
Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul
120-750, Korea
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life
Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
- Department of Bioinspired
Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul
120-750, Korea
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21
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Abstract
The heme enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was found to catalyze the oxidation of indole by H(2)O(2), with generation of 2- and 3-oxoindole as the major products. This reaction occurred in the absence of O(2) and reducing agents and was not inhibited by superoxide dismutase or hydroxyl radical scavengers, although it was strongly inhibited by L-Trp. The stoichiometry of the reaction indicated a one-to-one correspondence for the consumption of indole and H(2)O(2). The (18)O-labeling experiments indicated that the oxygen incorporated into the monooxygenated products was derived almost exclusively from H(2)(18)O(2), suggesting that electron transfer was coupled to the transfer of oxygen from a ferryl intermediate of IDO. These results demonstrate that IDO oxidizes indole by means of a previously unrecognized peroxygenase activity. We conclude that IDO inserts oxygen into indole in a reaction that is mechanistically analogous to the "peroxide shunt" pathway of cytochrome P450.
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22
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Li D, Wang Y, Han K. Recent density functional theory model calculations of drug metabolism by cytochrome P450. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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A practical innovative method for highly selective oxidation of alcohols in neat water using water-insoluble iron and manganese porphyrins as reusable heterogeneous catalysts. CATAL COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2011.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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24
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Characterization of the kaurene oxidase CYP701A3, a multifunctional cytochrome P450 from gibberellin biosynthesis. Biochem J 2010; 431:337-44. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
KO (kaurene oxidase) is a multifunctional cytochrome P450 catalysing three sequential oxidations in gibberellin phytohormone biosynthesis. These serve to transform the C4α methyl of the ent-kaurene olefin intermediate into the carboxylic acid moiety of ent-kauren-19-oic acid. To investigate the unknown catalytic mechanism and properties of KO, we have engineered the corresponding CYP701A3 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtKO) for functional recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, involving use of a fully codon-optimized construct, along with additional N-terminal deletion and modification. This recombinant AtKO (rAtKO) was used to carry out 18O2 labelling studies with ent-kaurene, and the intermediates ent-kaurenol and ent-kaurenal, to investigate the multifunctional reaction sequence; revealing catalysis of three hydroxylation reactions, which further requires dehydration at some stage. Accordingly, following initial hydroxylation, ent-kaurenol must then be further hydroxylated to a gem-diol intermediate, and our data indicate that the subsequent reactions proceed via dehydration of the gem-diol to ent-kaurenal, followed by an additional hydroxylation to directly form ent-kaurenoic acid. Kinetic analysis indicates that these intermediates are all retained in the active site during the course of the reaction series, with the first hydroxylation being rate-limiting. In addition, investigation of alternative substrates demonstrated that ent-beyerene, which differs in ring structure distal to the C4α methyl, is only hydroxylated by rAtKO, indicating the importance of the exact tetracyclic ring structure of kaurane for multifunctional KO activity. Thus the results of the present study clarify the reaction sequence and enzymatic mechanism of KO, as well as substrate features critical for the catalysed multiple reaction sequence.
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25
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Rezaeifard A, Jafarpour M, Nasseri M, Haddad R. Pronounced Catalytic Activity of Manganese(III)-SchiffBase Complexes in the Oxidation of Alcohols by Tetrabutylammonium Peroxomonosulfate. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Jing YQ, Han KL. Quantum mechanical effect in protein–ligand interaction. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 5:33-49. [DOI: 10.1517/17460440903440127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Zhang M, Wang Q, Chen C, Zang L, Ma W, Zhao J. Oxygen atom transfer in the photocatalytic oxidation of alcohols by TiO2: oxygen isotope studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6081-4. [PMID: 19343745 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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28
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Shaik S, Cohen S, Wang Y, Chen H, Kumar D, Thiel W. P450 Enzymes: Their Structure, Reactivity, and Selectivity—Modeled by QM/MM Calculations. Chem Rev 2009; 110:949-1017. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900121s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 791] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Shimrit Cohen
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hui Chen
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Devesh Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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29
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Zhang M, Wang Q, Chen C, Zang L, Ma W, Zhao J. Oxygen Atom Transfer in the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohols by TiO2: Oxygen Isotope Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Yokoyama K, Ohmori D, Kudo F, Eguchi T. Mechanistic Study on the Reaction of a Radical SAM Dehydrogenase BtrN by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2008; 47:8950-60. [DOI: 10.1021/bi800509x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Juntendo University, Inba, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Daijiro Ohmori
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Juntendo University, Inba, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kudo
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Juntendo University, Inba, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Tadashi Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Juntendo University, Inba, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
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31
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Herath AC, Becker JY. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol in acetonitrile and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIm][PF6]: Kinetic analysis. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Wang Y, Yang C, Wang H, Han K, Shaik S. A new mechanism for ethanol oxidation mediated by cytochrome P450 2E1: bulk polarity of the active site makes a difference. Chembiochem 2008; 8:277-81. [PMID: 17219453 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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33
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Liu X, Wang Y, Han K. Systematic study on the mechanism of aldehyde oxidation to carboxylic acid by cytochrome P450. J Biol Inorg Chem 2007; 12:1073-81. [PMID: 17661096 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-007-0277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of aldehyde to carboxylic acid conversion catalyzed by P450 enzymes via a series of reactions was studied systematically for the first time with density functional theory calculations. A two-state reactivity mechanism has been proposed, which can be adopted for many aldehyde oxidation reactions catalyzed by P450 enzymes. The mechanism involves initial hydrogen abstraction as the rate-limiting step and this is followed by steps of oxygen rebound without barriers owing to the quick recombination of the resultant radical species. Meanwhile, in an attempt to explore whether there exist some rules for the hydroxylation of aldehyde substrates by P450, the transition state barriers of the rate-limiting step for a series of aldehyde hydroxylation reactions have been compared. A predictive pattern of extended barrier/bond energy correlation for different hydroxylations of aldehyde substrates by P450 has been established, which was further confirmed to be a reliable reactivity scale by experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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34
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Rezaeifard A, Jafarpour M, Moghaddam GK, Amini F. Cytochrome P-450 model reactions: Efficient and highly selective oxidation of alcohols with tetrabutylammonium peroxymonosulfate catalyzed by Mn-porphyrins. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3097-101. [PMID: 17293117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel biomimetic method for rapid oxidation of a wide range of benzylic, allylic, aliphatic, primary and secondary alcohols to the related aldehydes and ketones using Bu(4)NHSO(5) catalyzed by Mn(TPP)OAc/pyridine system with high to excellent yields and excellent selectivity has been developed. The high turnover rates obtained in this catalytic system represent a high efficiency and also relative stability of Mn-porphyrin catalyst towards oxidative degradation. The presence of an electron-withdrawing group on the phenyl ring of both benzyl alcohol and porphyrin ligand increases the reactivity of substrate as well as catalytic activity of Mn-porphyrin catalyst in the oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Rezaeifard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, 414 Birjand, Iran.
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35
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Li R, Reed DW, Liu E, Nowak J, Pelcher LE, Page JE, Covello PS. Functional genomic analysis of alkaloid biosynthesis in Hyoscyamus niger reveals a cytochrome P450 involved in littorine rearrangement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:513-20. [PMID: 16720272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids are valuable pharmaceutical drugs derived from solanaceous plants such as Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane). The biosynthesis of these molecules, including the nature of the enigmatic rearrangement of (R)-littorine to (S)-hyoscyamine, is not completely understood. To test the hypothesis that a cytochrome P450 enzyme is involved in this rearrangement, we used virus-induced gene silencing to silence a cytochrome P450, CYP80F1, identified from H. niger roots by EST sequencing. Silencing CYP80F1 resulted in reduced hyoscyamine levels and the accumulation of littorine. Hyoscyamine was observed in CYP80F1-expressing tobacco hairy roots supplied with (R)-littorine. Expression in yeast confirmed that CYP80F1 catalyzes the oxidation of (R)-littorine with rearrangement to form hyoscyamine aldehyde, a putative precursor to hyoscyamine, and without rearrangement to form 3'-hydroxylittorine. Our data strongly support the involvement of CYP80F1 in the rearrangement of littorine to hyoscyamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N OW9, Canada
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36
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Dowers TS, Jones JP. KINETIC ISOTOPE EFFECTS IMPLICATE A SINGLE OXIDANT FOR CYTOCHROME P450-MEDIATEDO-DEALKYLATION,N-OXYGENATION, AND AROMATIC HYDROXYLATION OF 6-METHOXYQUINOLINE. Drug Metab Dispos 2006; 34:1288-90. [PMID: 16714370 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.106.010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One major point of controversy in the area of cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated oxidation reactions is the nature of the active-oxygen species. A number of hypotheses have been advanced which implicate a second oxidant besides the iron-oxo species designated as compound I (Cpd 1). This oxygen is thought to be either an iron-hydroperoxy species (Cpd 0) or a second spin-state of Cpd 1. Very little information is available on what fraction of P450 oxidations is mediated by the two different oxidants. Herein, we report results on three cytochrome P450-mediated reactions: O-dealkylation, N-oxygenation, and aromatic hydroxylation, which occur by three distinct chemical mechanisms. We have used kinetic isotope effects to test for branching from O-demethylation to N-oxygenation and aromatic hydroxylation, using 6-methoxyquinoline and 2H3-6-methoxyquinoline as substrates for P4501A2. Identical large inverse isotope effects on Vmax/Km are obtained for the formation of both the N-oxide and the phenol. This indicates that all three reactions occur through the same enzyme-substrate complex and, thus, through a single iron-oxygen species. The nature of the iron-oxygen species is less certain but is more likely to be iron-oxo Cpd 1, given the energetics of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S Dowers
- Department of Chemistry, 477 Fulmer Synthesis, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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37
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Fujii H, Kurahashi T, Tosha T, Yoshimura T, Kitagawa T. 17O NMR study of oxo metalloporphyrin complexes: Correlation with electronic structure of MO moiety. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:533-41. [PMID: 16510186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Revised: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
(17)O NMR spectroscopy of oxo ligand of oxo metalloporphyrin can be considered as an excellent means to derive information about structure, electronic state, and reactivity of the metal bound oxo ligand. To show the utility of (17)O NMR spectroscopy of oxo ligand of oxo metalloporphyrin, (17)O NMR spectra of oxo ligands of dioxo ruthenium(VI), oxo chromium(IV), and oxo titanium(IV) porphyrins are measured. For all oxo metalloporphyrins, well-resolved (17)O NMR signals are detected in far high frequency region. The (17)O NMR signal of the metal bound oxo ligand shifts high frequency in order of Ru(VI)<Ti(IV)<Cr(IV), thus the (17)O NMR chemical shift does not directly correlate with the oxo-transfer reactivity, Ti(IV)<Cr(IV)<Ru(VI). On the other hand, the (17)O NMR shift of oxo ligand correlates with the bond strength of metal-oxo bond. This suggests that the (17)O NMR signal of metal bound oxo ligand is a sensitive probe to study the nature of metal-oxo bond in oxo metalloporphyrin. The effect of the electron-withdrawing meso-substituent on the (17)O NMR shift of the oxo ligand is also investigated. With increase in the electron-withdrawing effect of the meso-substituent, the (17)O NMR signal of the oxo ligand of oxo chromium(IV) porphyrin shifts high frequency while that of dioxo ruthenium(VI) porphyrin hardly change resonance position. The changes in metal-oxo bonds induced by the electron-withdrawing meso-substituent are discussed on the basis of the (17)O NMR shifts, the strengths of the metal-oxo bonds, and the oxo-transfer reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujii
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.
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38
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Oh NY, Suh Y, Park MJ, Seo MS, Kim J, Nam W. Mechanistic Insight into Alcohol Oxidation by High-Valent Iron-Oxo Complexes of Heme and Nonheme Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:4235-9. [PMID: 15937890 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nano Sciences and Center for Biomimetic Systems, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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39
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Oh NY, Suh Y, Park MJ, Seo MS, Kim J, Nam W. Mechanistic Insight into Alcohol Oxidation by High-Valent Iron-Oxo Complexes of Heme and Nonheme Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Denisov IG, Makris TM, Sligar SG, Schlichting I. Structure and Chemistry of Cytochrome P450. Chem Rev 2005; 105:2253-77. [PMID: 15941214 DOI: 10.1021/cr0307143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1512] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilia G Denisov
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Corwin Hansch
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, USA.
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Yang SP, Medling T, Raner GM. Cytochrome P450 expression and activities in rat, rabbit and bovine tongue. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2003; 136:297-308. [PMID: 15012901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2003] [Revised: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic metabolism in the tongue has received little attention in the literature. In the present study, we report a comparative analysis of constitutive cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression and activities in the tongue. First we compared catalytic activities of rabbit, rat and bovine tongue samples using the probe substrates 4-nitrophenol, 1-phenylethanol, caffeine and 7-ethoxycoumarin. Rabbit tongue samples showed the highest activities for all substrates. We then compared the activities in rat and rabbit tongue with those in the rabbit liver, along with the effects of P450 inhibitors on specific activities. Combined, the activity studies indicate that CYP1A1 is active in rabbit tongue cells, but CYP1A2, CYP3A6 and CYP2E1 are below limits of detection. RT-PCR was also used to compare mRNA levels of 11 different rabbit and six different rat P450 isoforms in the tongue to those in the liver of these two species. Only CYP2E1, CYP1A1 and CYP4A4 were detected at significant levels in the rabbit tongue. None of the six rat isoforms probed were observed in the tongue. Although 4-nitrophenol activity was observed in the rabbit tongue samples, the kinetic parameter K(m) was inconsistent with the involvement of CYP2E1. We suggest that although CYP2E1 is expressed in the tongue, it is rapidly degraded in this organ, and the nitrophenol hydroxylation and caffeine hydroxylation we observe is the result of activity of CYP1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Pei Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA
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Anderson D, Schmid TE, Baumgartner A, Cemeli-Carratala E, Brinkworth MH, Wood JM. Oestrogenic compounds and oxidative stress (in human sperm and lymphocytes in the Comet assay). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2003; 544:173-8. [PMID: 14644319 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by a wide variety of chemicals and physiological processes in which enzymes catalyse the transfer of electrons from a substrate to molecular oxygen. The immediate products of such reactions, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide can be metabolised by enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), respectively, and depending on its concentration by Vitamin C (Vit C). Under certain circumstances the ROS form highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. We examined human sperm and lymphocytes after treatment with six oestrogenic compounds in the Comet assay, which measures DNA damage, and observed that all caused damage in both cell types. The damage was diminished in nearly all cases by catalase, and in some instances by SOD and Vit C. This response pattern was also seen with hydrogen peroxide. This similarity suggests that the oestrogen-mediated effects could be acting via the production of hydrogen peroxide since catalase always markedly reduced the response. The variable responses with SOD indicate a lesser involvement of superoxide anion radicals due to SOD-mediated conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide generally causing a lower level of DNA damage than other ROS. The variable Vit C responses are explained by a reduction of hydrogen peroxide at low Vit C concentrations and a pro-oxidant activity at higher concentrations. Together these data provide evidence that inappropriate exposure to oestrogenic compounds could lead to free-radical mediated damage. It is believed that the observed activities were not generated by cell free cell culture conditions because increased responses were observed over and above control values when the compounds were added, and also increasing dose-response relationships have been found after treatment with such oestrogenic compounds in previously reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Rd, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK.
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Jurva U, Wikström HV, Weidolf L, Bruins AP. Comparison between electrochemistry/mass spectrometry and cytochrome P450 catalyzed oxidation reactions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:800-810. [PMID: 12672134 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which electrochemistry on-line with electrospray mass spectrometry can be used to mimic cytochrome P450 catalyzed oxidations has been investigated. Comparisons on the mechanistic level have been made for most reactions in an effort to explain why certain reactions can, and some cannot, be mimicked by electrochemical oxidations. The EC/MS/MS system used successfully mimics in cases where the P450 catalyzed reactions are supposed to proceed via a mechanism initiated by a one-electron oxidation, such as N-dealkylation, S-oxidation, P-oxidation, alcohol oxidation and dehydrogenation. The P450 catalyzed reactions initiated via direct hydrogen atom abstraction, such as O-dealkylation and hydroxylation of unsubstituted aromatic rings, generally had a too high oxidation potential to be electrochemically oxidized below the oxidation potential limit of water, and were not mimicked by the EC/MS/MS system. Even though the EC/MS/MS system is not able to mimic all oxidations performed by cytochrome P450, valuable information can be obtained concerning the sensitivity of the substrate towards oxidation and in which position of the molecule oxidations are likely to take place. For small-scale electrochemical synthesis of metabolites, starting from the drug, the EC/MS/MS system should be very useful for quick optimization of the electrochemical conditions. The simplicity of the system, and the ease and speed with which it can be applied to a large number of compounds, make it a useful tool in drug metabolism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Jurva
- Centre for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Vatsis KP, Peng HM, Coon MJ. Replacement of active-site cysteine-436 by serine converts cytochrome P450 2B4 into an NADPH oxidase with negligible monooxygenase activity. J Inorg Biochem 2002; 91:542-53. [PMID: 12237221 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(02)00438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The function of the unique axial thiolate ligand of cytochrome P450 has been investigated by mutagenesis of the active-site cysteine with other amino acids in NH(2)-truncated P450s 2B4 and 2E1. The expressed Ser-436 variant of P450 2B4 was highly purified but incurred considerable heme loss. The pyridine hemochrome spectrum of C436S is characteristic of protoporphyrin IX, and the absolute spectra display Soret maxima at 405 nm (ferric), 422 nm (ferrous), and 413 nm (ferrous CO). 2B4:C436S catalyzes the NADPH- and time-dependent formation of H(2)O(2) in the reconstituted enzyme system, with maximal rates at approximately equimolar amounts of P450 reductase and C436S hemeprotein. The 2-electron oxidase activity with saturating reductase is directly proportional to the concentration of 2B4:C436S, and the turnover is 60-70% of that of the wild-type enzyme. In contrast, the C436S variant is devoid of oxygenase activity with typical substrates such as d-benzphetamine, 1-phenylethanol, and 4-fluorophenol, and has only marginal 4-nitrophenol aromatic hydroxylation activity. H(2)O(2)-supported peroxidation of guaiacol and pyrogallol is comparable with 2B4 and mutant C436S and negligible relative to the turnover of peroxidases with these substrates. Neither 2B4 nor 2B4:C436S catalyzes H(2)O(2) decomposition. It is concluded that replacement of active-site Cys-436 by Ser converts P450 2B4 mainly into a 2-electron oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas P Vatsis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, 5440 Medical Science Building I, Medical School, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0606, USA.
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Baciocchi E, Bietti M, Gerini MF, Lanzalunga O. The mediation of veratryl alcohol in oxidations promoted by lignin peroxidase: the lifetime of veratryl alcohol radical cation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 293:832-5. [PMID: 12054545 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of decay of veratryl alcohol radical cation, generated by cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate induced oxidation of veratryl alcohol, have been followed spectrophotometrically in a stopped-flow apparatus. In acidic aqueous acetonitrile the radical cation was found to decay by a first-order process, due to deprotonation from the alpha-carbon leading to an alpha-hydroxybenzyl radical with the rate constant of 17.1+/-0.5 s(-1). This value is in full agreement with those obtained by pulse radiolysis studies but much lower than the value (1.2x10(3) s(-1)) indirectly determined by EPR experiments. The implications of these results with respect to the possible role of veratryl alcohol as a mediator in the oxidative biodegradation of lignin catalysed by lignin peroxidase are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Baciocchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro, 5 I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Although quite a familiar feature in high-valent manganese chemistry, the M(2)(mu-O)(2) diamond core motif has only recently been found in synthetic complexes for M=Cu or Fe. Structural and spectroscopic characterization of these more reactive Cu(2)(mu-O)(2) and Fe(2)(mu-O)(2) compounds has been possible through use of appropriately designed supporting ligands, low-temperature handling methods, and techniques such as electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography with area detector instrumentation for rapid data collection. Despite differences in electronic structures that have been revealed through experimental and theoretical studies, Cu(2)(mu-O)(2) and Fe(2)(mu-O)(2) cores exhibit analogously covalent metal-oxo bonding, remarkably congruent Raman and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) signatures, and similar tendencies to abstract hydrogen atoms from substrates. Core isomerization is another common reaction attribute, although different pathways are traversed; for Fe, bridge-to-terminal oxo migration has been discovered, while for Cu, reversible formation of an O-O bond to yield a peroxo isomer has been identified. Our understanding of biocatalysis has been enhanced significantly through the isolation and comprehensive characterization of the Cu(2)(mu-O)(2) and Fe(2)(mu-O)(2) complexes. In particular, it has led to the development of new mechanistic notions about how non-heme multimetal enzymes, such as methane monooxygenases, fatty acid desaturase, and tyrosinase, may function in the activation of dioxygen to catalyze a diverse array of organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Que
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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