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Ramiah SK, Balakrishnan KN, Subramaniam Y, Iyasere OS, Idrus Z. Effects of Thermal Manipulation on mRNA Regulation of Response Genes Regarding Improvement of Thermotolerance Adaptation in Chickens during Embryogenesis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233354. [PMID: 36496875 PMCID: PMC9737942 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of increasing heat stress (HS) among animals is of particular significance when it is seen in economically significant industries, such as poultry. Due to the identification of the physiological, molecular, and genetic roots of HS responses in chickens, a substantial number of studies have focused on reducing the effects of HS in poultry through environmental management, dietary manipulation, and genetic alterations. Temperature manipulation (TM) during embryogenesis has been claimed to increase the thermal tolerance and well-being of chickens without affecting their capacity for future growth. There has been little investigation into the vulnerability of the epigenome involving TM during embryogenesis, although the cellular pathways activated by HS have been explored in chickens. Epigenetic changes caused by prenatal TM enhance postnatal temperature adaption and produce physiological memory. This work offers a thorough analysis that explains the cumulative impact of HS response genes, such as genes related to heat shock proteins, antioxidants, and immunological genes, which may aid in the enhanced adaptability of chickens that have undergone thermal manipulation during their embryonic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.K.R.); (K.N.B.); Tel.: +60-3-9769-4286 (S.K.R.)
| | - Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.K.R.); (K.N.B.); Tel.: +60-3-9769-4286 (S.K.R.)
| | - Yashini Subramaniam
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Oluwaseun Serah Iyasere
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta P.M.B 2240, Nigeria
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Al-Zghoul MB, El-Bahr SM. Basal and dynamics mRNA expression of muscular HSP108, HSP90, HSF-1 and HSF-2 in thermally manipulated broilers during embryogenesis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:83. [PMID: 30849975 PMCID: PMC6408791 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited data are available about the kinetics of mRNA expressions of Heat shock proteins (HSPs) and heat shock factors (HSFs) in the thermally manipulated (TM) broiler chicks during acute heat stress. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate effects of thermal manipulation (TM) of broiler chicken during embryonic days (ED) 12–18 on the basal and dynamics mRNA expression of heat shock proteins (HSP108 and HSP90) and heat shock factors (HSF-1 and HSF-2) in the muscle tissue during late embryogenesis, first week of life and during heat stress (HS) on post-hatch days 14 and 28. One thousand and five hundred fertile Ross 315 broiler eggs were randomly allocated to five groups: control group (37.8 °C), TM1 (38.5 °C for 18 h), TM2 (39 °C for 18 h), TM3 (39.5 °C for 18 h) and TM4 (40 °C for 18 h). Chicks from each treatment group were then randomly sub-divided into two further treatment groups, naïve and thermal challenged (TC). On post-hatch days 14 and 28, thirty chicks from each TC group were subjected to heat stress (41 °C for 6 h), while naïve chicks of each group (n = 30) were kept under regular conditions. The response of chicks to heat stress was investigated by evaluating the change in mRNA expressions of HSP108, HSP90, HSF-1 and HSF-2 in muscle tissue after 1, 3 and 5 h of heat stress. Results When compared to the control group, TM resulted in significant increases in the basal mRNA expression of HSPs and HSFs during embryogenesis and altered their dynamic expressions in the muscle tissue after heat stress on post-hatch days 14 and 28. Conclusion the current study indicated short- and long-term enhancement of HSPs and HSFs gene expression which was associated with acquisition of improved thermotolerance in thermally manipulated chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Borhan Al-Zghoul
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Sabry Mohamed El-Bahr
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Hufof, 31982, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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3
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Wang S, Li X, Li T, Wang H, Zhang X, Lou J, Xing Q, Hu X, Bao Z. The GRP94 gene of Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis): Characterization and expression regulation in response to thermal and bacterial stresses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:443-451. [PMID: 29894740 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The 94-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP94) belonging to the HSP90 family is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone. It plays critical roles in ER quality control, and has been implicated as a specialized immune chaperone to regulate both innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we identified and characterized a GRP94 gene (PyGRP94) from Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis). The protein sequence of PyGRP94 is highly conserved with its homologs in vertebrates, with a signal sequence in N-terminal, an ER retrieval signal sequence in C-terminal and a HATPase_c domain. Expression analysis suggests that PyGRP94 transcripts in early embryos are maternally derived and the zygotic expression is started from D-shaped larvae. This gene is also expressed in almost all the adult tissues examined except smooth muscle, with the highest expression level in hemocytes. Besides, PyGRP94 was demonstrated to be induced by heat shock and both Gram-positive (Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative (Vibrio anguillarum) bacterial infection, with much more dramatic changes being observed after V. anguillarum challenge. Our results suggest the involvement of PyGRP94 in response to thermal stress, and that it might play an important role in the innate immune defense of scallop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiarun Lou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qiang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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4
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cDNA cloning and expression of grp94 in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 154:290-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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5
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Hest BJV, Sheldon BL, Molloy PL, Frankham R. Heat shock protein gene HSP108 and a replication histone gene cluster are linked in the chicken. Anim Genet 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1994.tb00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Hest BJ, Molloy PL, Frankham R, Sheldon BL. Heat shock protein gene HSP108 and a replication histone gene cluster are linked in the chicken. Anim Genet 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1994.tb00089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Zhao J, Yoneda M, Inoue Y, Kakizaki H, Ohno-Jinno A, Kataoka T, Iwaki M, Zako M. Expression profile of heat shock protein 108 during retinal development in the chick. Neurosci Lett 2005; 397:10-4. [PMID: 16364543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the developing chick retina, heat shock protein 108 (HSP108), which exhibits transferrin binding activity, has been demonstrated at the mRNA level, while transferrin shows two expression peaks. Here, we investigated the expression profile of HSP108 in the developing chick retina at the protein level. The localization of HSP108 in embryonic days 15 (E15), E18, and postnatal day 2 (P2) chick retina was examined immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibody 9G10 specific for chick HSP108, while the expression levels of HSP108 in developing chick retina from E12 to P2 and adult were measured by Western blot analysis. HSP108 was expressed in the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, inner segments of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. Two peaks of HSP108 expression were found at around E13 and E18, respectively. Since the two HSP108 peaks appeared to be correlated with the transferrin expression peaks during retinal development, HSP108 may be associated with iron metabolism during the development of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan, and Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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8
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Li HT, Yan JB, Li J, Zhou MH, Zhu XD, Zhang YX, Tien P. Enhancement of humoral immune responses to HBsAg by heat shock protein gp96 and its N-terminal fragment in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:2858-63. [PMID: 15902719 PMCID: PMC4305650 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i19.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Most studies on the immune effect of gp96 were focused on its enhancement of CTLs. It is interesting to know whether gp96 could influence the humoral immune response, and whether the recombinant N-terminal fragment of gp96 could substitute native gp96 to stimulate the immune system.
METHODS: gp96 isolated from livers of normal mice and its N-terminal fragment (amino acid 22-355) expressed in E coli were used for immunization of BALb/c mice. Eight groups of mice received one of the following regiments subcutaneously in 100 μL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at an interval of 3 wk. Group 1: PBS only; group 2: gp96 only; group 3: N-terminal fragment only; group 4: HBsAg only; group 5: HBsAg+gp96; group 6: HBsAg+N-terminal fragment; group 7: HBsAg+incomplete Freud’s adjuvant; group 8: HBsAg+N-terminal fragment (95 °C heated for 30 min). Serum anti-HBsAg antibody levels were assayed by ELISA. CTL responses in splenocytes were analyzed by ELISPOT after the last vaccination.
RESULTS: The average titer of serum anti-HBsAg antibody in the mice immunized with HBsAg together with gp96 or its N-terminal fragment were much higher than those immunized with HBsAg alone detected by ELISA. The cellular immune response of the mice immunized with HBsAg together with gp96 or its N-terminal fragment was not different with those immunized with HBsAg alone measured by ELISPOT assay.
CONCLUSION: gp96 or its N-terminal fragment greatly improved humoral immune response induced by HBsAg, but failed to enhance the CTL response, which demonstrated the potential of using gp96 or its N-terminal fragment as a possible adjuvant to augment humoral immune response against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100080, China
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9
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Thorne ME, McQuade KL. Heat-induced oligomerization of gp96 occurs via a site distinct from substrate binding and is regulated by ATP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:1163-71. [PMID: 15451419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gp96 (GRP94) is a dimeric glycoprotein and is the endoplasmic reticulum representative of the hsp90 family of molecular chaperones. In addition to the protein substrates it chaperones, gp96 binds weakly to both peptides and ATP, and has been shown to self-assemble into discrete oligomers upon heat shock at 50 degrees C, although physiological roles for these phenomena have not been well established. Our studies indicate that gp96 homooligomerizes irreversibly in vitro at temperatures as low as 42 degrees C and could involve pre-dissociation of dimers to monomers. Oligomerization is inhibited significantly by ATP; hydrolysis is not required, since ADP, ATP-gamma-S, and NECA inhibit self-assembly equally well. Peptide ligands do not competitively inhibit gp96 self-assembly and, in fact, bind to all oligomeric species, including the dimer. Together, these findings suggest that (1) heat-enhanced chaperone activity does not reside in oligomers per se, and (2) the regions of gp96 involved in peptide binding and oligomerization are distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Thorne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, 1501 West Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
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MacLeod JC, Sayer RJ, Lucocq JM, Hubbard MJ. ERp29, a general endoplasmic reticulum marker, is highly expressed throughout the brain. J Comp Neurol 2004; 477:29-42. [PMID: 15281078 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
ERp29 is a recently discovered resident of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is abundant in brain and most other mammalian tissues. Investigations of nonneural secretory tissues have implicated ERp29 in a major role producing export proteins, but a molecular activity remains wanting for this functional orphan. Intriguingly, ERp29 appears to be heavily utilized in the cerebellum, a brain region not conventionally regarded as neurosecretory. To elucidate this functional quandary, we used immunochemical approaches to characterize the regional, cellular, and subcellular distributions of ERp29 in rat brain. Immunohistochemistry revealed ubiquitous expression in neuronal and nonneuronal cells, with a distinctive variation in somatic ERp29 levels. Highly expressing cells were found in diverse locations, implying that ERp29 is not biased towards the cerebellum functionally. Using immunolocalization data mined from the literature, a proteomic profile was developed to assess the functional significance of ERp29's characteristic expression pattern. Surprisingly, ERp29 correlated poorly with classical markers of neurosecretion, but strongly with a variety of major membrane proteins. Together with immunogold localization of ERp29 to somatic ER, these observations led to a novel hypothesis that ERp29 is involved primarily in production of endomembrane proteins rather than proteins destined for export. This study establishes ERp29 as a general ER marker for brain cells and provides a stimulating clue about ERp29's enigmatic function. ERp29 appears to have broad significance for neural pathophysiology, given its ubiquitous distribution and prominence in brain over classical ER residents like BiP and protein disulfide isomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C MacLeod
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
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11
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Vogen S, Gidalevitz T, Biswas C, Simen BB, Stein E, Gulmen F, Argon Y. Radicicol-sensitive peptide binding to the N-terminal portion of GRP94. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:40742-50. [PMID: 12189140 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m205323200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
GRP94 is a molecular chaperone that carries immunologically relevant peptides from cell to cell, transferring them to major histocompatibility proteins for presentation to T cells. Here we examine the binding of several peptides to recombinant GRP94 and study the regulation and site of peptide binding. We show that GRP94 contains a peptide-binding site in its N-terminal 355 amino acids. A number of peptides bind to this site with low on- and off-rates and with specificity that is distinct from that of another endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, BiP/GRP78. Binding to the N-terminal fragment is sufficient to account for the peptide binding activity of the entire molecule. Peptide binding is inhibited by radicicol, a known inhibitor of the chaperone activities of HSP90-family proteins. However, the peptide-binding site is distinct from the radicicol-binding pocket, because both can bind to the N-terminal fragment simultaneously. Furthermore, peptide binding does not cause the same conformational change as does binding of radicicol. When the latter binds to the N-terminal domain, it induces a conformational change in the downstream, acidic domain of GRP94, as measured by altered gel mobility and loss of an antibody epitope. These results relate the peptide-binding activity of GRP94 to its other function as a chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Vogen
- Department of Pathology, Committees on Cell Physiology and Immunology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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12
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Morita T, Saitoh K, Takagi T, Maeda Y. Involvement of the glucose-regulated protein 94 (Dd-GRP94) in starvation response of Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 274:323-31. [PMID: 10913338 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Upon deprivation of nutrients, Dictyostelium discoideum Ax-2 cells arrest proliferation and initiate a metamorphosed developmental program including induction of altered gene expressions which are necessary for differentiation. In Ax-2 cells, we found out a member of Hsp90 family usually contained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Dd-GRP94 (Dictyostelium discoideum glucose-regulated protein 94). In general, GRP94 are induced either by glucose-depletion or by depletion of Ca(2+) in intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Unexpectedly, however, the expression of Dd-grp94 was greatly reduced within 60 min of starvation. Dd-grp94-overexpressing cells (GRP94(OE) cells) collected without forming distinct aggregation streams, and never formed normal fruiting bodies. Also, prespore differentiation as well as maturation into spores and stalk cells were particularly impaired in the GRP94(OE) cells. Thus Dd-GRP94 seems to be crucial in late differentiation as well as in starvation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Morita
- Biological Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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13
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Guttman JA, Kimel GH, Vogl AW. Dynein and plus-end microtubule-dependent motors are associated with specialized Sertoli cell junction plaques (ectoplasmic specializations). J Cell Sci 2000; 113 ( Pt 12):2167-76. [PMID: 10825290 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.12.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism responsible for spermatid translocation in the mammalian seminiferous epithelium was proposed to be the microtubule-based transport of specialized junction plaques (ectoplasmic specializations) that occur in Sertoli cell regions attached to spermatid heads. These plaques each consist of a cistern of endoplasmic reticulum, a layer of actin filaments and the adjacent plasma membrane. It is predicted that motor proteins function to move the junction plaques, and hence the attached spermatids, first towards the base and then back to the apex of the epithelium, along microtubules. If this hypothesis is true, motor proteins should be associated with the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum component of ectoplasmic specializations. In addition, isolated junction plaques should support microtubule movement both in the plus and minus directions to account for the bidirectional translocation of spermatids in vivo. To determine if cytoplasmic dynein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of the plaques, perfusion-fixed rat testes were immunologically probed, at the ultrastructural level, for the intermediate chain of cytoplasmic dynein (IC74). In addition, testicular fractions enriched for spermatid/junction complexes were incubated with and without gelsolin, centrifuged and the supernatants compared, by western blot analysis, for Glucose Regulated Protein 94 (a marker for endoplasmic reticulum) and IC74. At the ultrastructural level, the probe for IC74 clearly labelled material associated with the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum component of the junction plaques. In the gelsolin experiments, both probes reacted more strongly with appropriate bands from the gelsolin-treated supernatants than with corresponding bands from controls. To determine if the junction plaques support microtubule transport in both directions, polarity-labelled microtubules were bound to isolated spermatid/junction complexes and then assessed for motility in the presence of ATP and testicular cytosol (2 mg/ml). Of 25 recorded motility events, 17 were in a direction consistent with a plus-end directed motor being present, and 8 were in the minus-end direction. The results are consistent with the conclusion that the junction plaques have the potential for moving along microtubules in both the plus and minus directions and that both a kinesin-type and a dynein-type motor may be associated with the junction plaques. The data also indicate that cytoplasmic dynein is localized to the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum component of the plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Guttman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.
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Hubbard MJ, McHugh NJ, Carne DL. Isolation of ERp29, a novel endoplasmic reticulum protein, from rat enamel cells. Evidence for a unique role in secretory-protein synthesis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:1945-57. [PMID: 10727933 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recently we cloned and described ERp29, a novel 29-kDa endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that is widely expressed in rat tissues. Here we report our original isolation of ERp29 from dental enamel cells, and the comprehensive sequence analysis that correlated ERp29 with its cognate cDNA, both in enamel cells and liver. Fractionation of enamel cells using a new freeze-thaw procedure showed that ERp29 partitioned with known reticuloplasmins, and not with soluble proteins from mitochondria or cytosol. The absence of ERp29 in secreted enamel matrix indicated that the C-terminal tetrapeptide (KEEL motif) confers effective ER-retention in enamel cells. ERp29 behaved as a single species (approximately 40 kDa) during size-exclusion chromatography of liver reticuloplasm, suggesting that most ERp29 is not stably associated with other proteins. Immunoblot analysis showed that ERp29 was up-regulated during enamel secretion and expressed most highly in secretory tissues, indicative of a role in secretory-protein synthesis. Unlike other reticuloplasmins, ERp29 was down-regulated during enamel mineralization and thereby dissociated from a calcium-handling role. Tissue-specific variations in ERp29 molecular abundance were revealed by quantification of reticuloplasmin mole ratios. IN CONCLUSION (a) ERp29 is a novel reticuloplasmin of general functional importance; (b) a unique role in protein processing is implicit from the distinctive expression patterns and molecular structure; (c) ERp29 is primarily involved in normal protein secretory events, not the ER stress response; (d) a major role is likely in tissues where ERp29 was equimolar with established molecular chaperones and foldases. This study implicates ERp29 as a new member of the ER protein-processing machinery, and identifies tissues where the physiological role of ERp29 is most likely to be clearly manifested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hubbard
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Microchemistry Facility, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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15
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Abstract
GRP94 is the ER representative of the HSP90 family of stress-induced proteins. It binds to a limited number of proteins in the secretory pathway, apparently by recognizing advanced folding intermediates or incompletely assembled proteins, GRP94 also binds peptides and can act as a tumor vaccine, delivering the peptides for presentation to T lymphocytes. Here, we review the current data about GRP94 and propose a structural model that integrates the biochemical data and known functions of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Argon
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Cho SS, Shin DH, Lee KH, Hwang DH, Chang KY. Localization of transferrin binding protein in relation to iron, ferritin, and transferrin receptors in the chicken cerebellum. Brain Res 1998; 794:174-8. [PMID: 9630616 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that transferrin binding protein (TfBP), ferritin, and iron, are specifically localized in Bergmann glia, while the transferrin receptor is confined to Purkinje cells in the chicken cerebellum. The results of this study suggest that Bergmann glia have previously undescribed functions related to iron regulation such as sequestration of iron and the maintenance of iron homeostasis in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Cho
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, South Korea.
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Lorenzen A, Engelhardt J, Kerst B, Schwabe U. Heterogeneous forms of adenotin-1 of different subcellular localization. Biochem Pharmacol 1998; 55:455-64. [PMID: 9514080 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The localization of the low-affinity adenosine binding protein adenotin-1 with respect to distribution in rat organs and subcellular compartments was investigated. Adenotin-1 was characterized by 5'-N-ethylcarboxamido[2,8-3H]adenosine ([3H]NECA) binding and Western blotting. Cytosolic as well as membrane fractions of all tissues contained adenotin-1. Highest levels of membrane-bound adenotin-1 were found in the liver (liver > kidney approximately spleen approximately lung > forebrain approximately cerebellum > fat heart - striated muscle), whereas highest levels of cytosolic adenotin-1 were detected in spleen, liver, lung and fat. Subcellular fractions from rat liver were prepared by differential and density gradient centrifugation. Like the homologous proteins endoplasmin or gp96, adenotin-1 is enriched in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cytosolic and membrane-bound adenotin-1 species are pharmacologically distinct, because in the liver particulate fraction adenotin-1 showed a more rapid binding kinetics, a twofold lower affinity for [3H]NECA (KD 227 nM vs. 105 nM) and a sevenfold higher affinity for 2-chloroadenosine than the cytosolic protein (Ki 1.48 microM vs. 9.25 microM). In rat liver cytosol, two different binding sites were found, which differed in [3H]NECA binding kinetics and displayed a hundredfold difference in their affinity for 2-chloro-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine (Ki 45.8 nM vs. 4.76 microM). The presence of adenotin-1 in subcellular fractions, as determined by radioligand binding, was confirmed by Western blotting. Adenotin-1 was detected as a 98-kDa band in all rat liver subcellular fractions, which agrees with the molecular mass determined for the purified protein. In the cytosol, a 65-kDa hand was labeled more intensely than the 98-kDa band. This additional band probably represents the pharmacologically distinct species of adenotin-1 found in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lorenzen
- Universitat Heidelberg, Pharmakologisches Institut, Germany.
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18
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Cho SS, Lucas JJ, Roh EJ, Yoo YB, Lee KH, Park KH, Hwang DH, Baik SH. Distribution of transferrin binding protein immunoreactivity in the chicken central and peripheral nervous systems. J Comp Neurol 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970602)382:2<260::aid-cne9>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Chavany C, Mimnaugh E, Miller P, Bitton R, Nguyen P, Trepel J, Whitesell L, Schnur R, Moyer J, Neckers L. p185erbB2 binds to GRP94 in vivo. Dissociation of the p185erbB2/GRP94 heterocomplex by benzoquinone ansamycins precedes depletion of p185erbB2. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:4974-7. [PMID: 8617772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.9.4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of SKBr3 cells with benzoquinone ansamycins, such as geldanamycin (GA), depletes p185erbB2, the receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the erbB2 gene. In the same cells, a biologically active benzoquinone photoaffinity label specifically binds a protein of about 100 kDa, and the ability of various GA derivatives to reduce the intracellular level of p185erbB2 correlates with their ability to compete with the photoaffinity label for binding to this protein. In this report, we present evidence that the approximately 100-kDa ansamycin-binding protein is GRP94. Membrane-associated p185erbB2 exists in a stable complex with GRP94. GA binding to GRP94 disrupts this complex, leading to degradation of pre-existing p185erbB2 protein, and resulting in an altered subcellular distribution of newly synthesized p185erbB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chavany
- Clinical Pharmacology Branch and Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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20
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Witzmann FA, Fultz CD, Lipscomb JC. Toxicant-induced alterations in two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of hepatic and renal stress proteins. Electrophoresis 1996; 17:198-202. [PMID: 8907540 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150170132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in this laboratory and by others suggest that two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins (2-DE) possesses significant utility in the detection of chemical toxicity and in providing information regarding toxic mechanism. After having identified a set of specific heat-shock and glucose-regulated proteins whose expression in rodent liver and kidney is highly conserved and constitutive, we compared the effect of in vivo exposure to perfluoro-n-octanoic acid and perfluoro-n-decanoic acid on their expression. The following stress proteins were identified, their x, y coordinate positions mapped, and abundance statistically analyzed and compared: hsp32, hsp60, hsc70, hsp70, hsp90, grp75, grp94, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and ER60. We report here that the stress response to perfluorocarboxylic acids is tissue-, toxicant-, and stress protein class-specific and dose-related. Furthermore, because nearly all of the proteins studied were constitutively expressed at detectable levels in both liver and kidney, the 2-DE stress protein pattern may be suitable to future toxicologic screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Witzmann
- Molecular Anatomy Laboratory, Indiana University-Purdue University, Columbus, USA.
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21
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Melnick J, Argon Y. Molecular chaperones and the biosynthesis of antigen receptors. IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 1995; 16:243-50. [PMID: 7779255 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oligomeric antigen receptors must fold and assemble in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before they can be expressed on the surface of lymphocytes. It is increasingly evident that these processes are facilitated by molecular chaperones. Here, Jeffrey Melnick and Yair Argon review the known ER chaperones, summarize their roles in the maturation of antigen receptors, and discuss how they may affect lymphocyte differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Melnick
- Dept of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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22
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Nauseef WM, McCormick SJ, Clark RA. Calreticulin functions as a molecular chaperone in the biosynthesis of myeloperoxidase. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:4741-7. [PMID: 7876246 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a lysosomal heme protein found exclusively in neutrophils and monocytes, is necessary for efficient oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity. Acquisition of heme by the heme-free MPO precursor apopro-MPO appears to be a prerequisite for its subsequent proteolytic processing and advancement along the biosynthetic pathway to mature MPO. We present data indicating that calreticulin (CRT), a high capacity calcium-binding protein residing in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum of a wide variety of cells, interacts specifically with fully glycosylated apopro-MPO. Biosynthetically radiolabeled CRT (60 kDa) and apopro-MPO (90 kDa) were coprecipitated from PLB 985 cells by monospecific antiserum against CRT when the immunoprecipitations were performed either under nondenaturing conditions or following reversible crosslinking. Nonglycosylated MPO precursors synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin did not interact with CRT. The CRT-apopro-MPO interaction was restricted to an early phase of MPO biosynthesis, and CRT did not interact with the later appearing, heme-containing species of MPO, i.e. pro-MPO or the heavy subunit of mature MPO. These data show that CRT participates in the post-translational processing of MPO, perhaps by maintaining apopro-MPO in a conformation competent to accommodate insertion of the heme group. In this general way, CRT shares certain functional properties with the structurally homologous transmembrane calcium-binding endoplasmic reticulum protein calnexin. Both interact with glycosylated biosynthetic precursors of proteins selectively expressed in specialized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Nauseef
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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23
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Witzmann F, Clack J, Fultz C, Jarnot B. Two-dimensional electrophoretic mapping of hepatic and renal stress proteins. Electrophoresis 1995; 16:451-9. [PMID: 7607180 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150160173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stress proteins and molecular chaperones are responsive to a variety of stressors and therefore comprise an ideal set of proteins with the potential to be used as biomarkers of chemical toxicity. We have investigated the expression of a group of well established heat shock and glucose-regulated proteins in the rat liver and kidney using large-scale two-dimensional protein electrophoresis and computerized image analysis. Our goal was to determine the level of their expression in unstressed target tissues and map their coordinate positions on conventional format two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels. All the proteins studied, except for Hsp25 (heat-shock protein) whose expression fell below the level of analyzable detection, were constitutively expressed in liver and kidney. With the exception of Hsp70, all the stress proteins analyzed were constitutively more abundant in the liver than the kidney. Comparison of the sum total of all stress protein abundances revealed a nearly threefold higher level of expression in the liver than the kidney. Our results suggest that this group of proteins has significant responsibilities in normal, unstressed cells, due to their constitutive abundance. Correspondingly, the 2-DE stress protein pattern established in this study may be very useful in toxicologic screening as well as describing a broad range of molecular effects of xenobiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Witzmann
- Molecular Anatomy Laboratory, Indiana University Purdue, University Columbus 47203, USA
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24
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Srivastava PK. Endo-beta-D-glucuronidase (heparanase) activity of heat-shock protein/tumour rejection antigen gp96. Biochem J 1994; 301 ( Pt 3):919. [PMID: 8053916 PMCID: PMC1137075 DOI: 10.1042/bj3010919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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The estrogen-inducible transferrin receptor-like membrane glycoprotein is related to stress-regulated proteins. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Sargan DR, Roy DJ, Dalziel RG, Watt NJ, McConnell I. A temporal study of RNAs produced in maedi-visna virus infection of choroid plexus cells. Vet Microbiol 1994; 39:369-78. [PMID: 8042280 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(94)90172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the types and cellular distribution of transcripts of maedi-visna virus during infection of choroid plexus fibroblasts. Early in infection (19 hours post infection) only small spliced transcripts are found in the cytoplasm. Little virus specific RNA is detected in the nucleus at this stage. Later in infection structural gene transcripts are detectable in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus. We have measured the half life of each type of transcript in total cellular RNA late in infection by two different methods (northern blotting or S1 protection assays after alpha-amanitin treatment, or specific hybridisation after pulse chase). Both of these methods suggest half lives for unspliced viral RNAs of 8-12 hours. Although the gel based methods were unsuitable for the accurate determination of half life for the shorter transcripts, they did confirm a long half life for these transcripts: pulse chase measurements suggested that this was similar to that seen for the unspliced transcripts. These observations are consistent with the virus exerting temporal control on protein synthesis by a method analogous to that of the HIV Rev protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Sargan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, UK
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27
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Schröder G, Beck M, Eichel J, Vetter HP, Schröder J. HSP90 homologue from Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus): cDNA sequence, regulation of protein expression and location in the endoplasmic reticulum. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 23:583-594. [PMID: 8106014 DOI: 10.1007/bf00019305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe cDNAs for a HSP90 homologue from Catharanthus roseus and studies on the regulation of expression. The largest cDNA (2670 bp) coded for a protein of 817 amino acids with a calculated size of 93,491 Da and a pI of 4.61. It contained a eucaryotic secretory signal, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeting and retention signal (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu), and the HSP90 protein family signature with one conservative exchange (Asn-Lys-Asp-Ile-Phe-Leu instead of Asn-Lys-Glu-Ile-Phe-Leu). RNA blots revealed a transcript of 2.8-2.9 kb, and genomic DNA blots suggested a single gene. The expression was analysed with antiserum against a fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Immunoblots revealed a protein of 93 +/- 1.5 kDa (often a doublet) only in the membrane fraction, and sucrose density gradients suggested association with the ER. The protein was constitutively expressed in C. roseus cell cultures grown at 25 degrees C, and expression was apparently unaffected by various stress conditions, such as heat, high sucrose, elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma or yeast extract. It was not detectable in young C. roseus plants at room temperature, and heat shock for several hours at 37 degrees C was necessary to obtain detectable expression. In maize (Zea mays), a cross-reacting protein was detectable in cell cultures, but not in young plants. The results suggested that the cloned protein is not a major component in the heat shock response. We propose a chaperone role in the assembly and processing of cell wall components and other secreted proteins, i.e. functions that are very active in cells with a high rate of growth and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schröder
- Institut für Biologie II, Universität Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Walther-Larsen H, Brandt J, Collinge DB, Thordal-Christensen H. A pathogen-induced gene of barley encodes a HSP90 homologue showing striking similarity to vertebrate forms resident in the endoplasmic reticulum. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 21:1097-1108. [PMID: 8490130 DOI: 10.1007/bf00023606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The full-length nucleotide sequence of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf mRNA, found to increase rapidly in amount during infection attempts by the powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe graminis DC. ex Mérat), is reported. The mRNA encodes a polypeptide of 809 amino acid residues which, by sequence comparison, was identified as a member of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) family. The encoded protein most resembles the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident HSP90 protein, the 94 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP94) of vertebrates, as it possesses both the characteristic N-terminal domain including a signal peptide sequence and the C-terminal ER retention signal (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu). A transcript cross-hybridizing at high stringency accumulated rapidly in leaves upon heat shock treatment. Genomic DNA blot analysis indicated the presence of a family of related genes in the barley genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Walther-Larsen
- Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Edens FW, Hill CH, Wang S. Heat shock protein response in phosphorus-deficient heat-stressed broiler chickens. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 103:827-31. [PMID: 1478063 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90200-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
1. During acute in vivo heat stress, a normal heat shock protein (HSP) response was not inducible in chickens deficient in inorganic phosphorus (P(i)-deficient). 2. Small quantities of HSP 70 and HSP 90 were induced, but little or no HSP 23 was induced in P(i)-deficient chickens compared to P(i)-adequate chickens. 3. Increased susceptibility of P(i)-deficient chickens to acute heat stress was attributed to their inability to produce an adequate HSP response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Edens
- North Carolina State University, Department of Poultry Science, Raleigh 27695-7635
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30
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Green IR, Sargan DR. Sequence of the cDNA encoding ovine tumor necrosis factor-alpha: problems with cloning by inverse PCR. Gene 1991; 109:203-10. [PMID: 1765267 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90610-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned and sequenced the ovine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-encoding cDNA, using gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, to aid studies of assorted diseases in this species. We used primers selected from published TnfA sequences of other species on a cDNA template prepared from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated ovine alveolar macrophages, to generate a product representing the central region of the molecule. We then used a novel method based on 'inverse PCR' to generate a product containing the 5' and 3' ends of the molecule. Here, we present the complete sequence of the ovine TNF-alpha cDNA and compare it with other published TNF sequences. The cloned cDNA has a leader sequence of 156 bp followed by a protein-coding sequence of 702 bp and a 3'-untranslated region of 800 bp. The protein product of the gene is a protein of Mr = 25,586, 79% homologous to human TNF-alpha. An mRNA produced by alveolar macrophages, which hybridises to the cloned gene, is induced greatly, with a peak induction time of approx. 135 min, in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharide and to plating on plastic. We also discuss the resolution of some artefacts of the inverse PCR technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Green
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Edinburgh, U.K
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31
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Kang HS, Welch WJ. Characterization and purification of the 94-kDa glucose-regulated protein. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)67643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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32
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Welch WJ, Kang HS, Beckmann RP, Mizzen LA. Response of mammalian cells to metabolic stress; changes in cell physiology and structure/function of stress proteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1991; 167:31-55. [PMID: 2055098 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-75875-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In response to adverse changes in their local environment, cells or tissues from all organisms increase the expression of a group of proteins referred to as heat shock or stress proteins. Collectively, the stress proteins are thought to provide the cell with some degree of protection during the environmental insult as well as facilitate the repair and recovery of metabolic pathways perturbed as a consequence of the stress event. Within the past few years it has become apparent that most all of the stress proteins are present in appreciable levels in the unstressed cell and are involved in a number of very basic and essential biochemical pathways. The present review has discussed pertinent changes in cell physiology in mammalian cells experiencing metabolic stress. In addition, considerable attention has been given to discussing the properties and possible functions of the individual stress proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Welch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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33
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Mizzen L, Chang C, Garrels J, Welch W. Identification, characterization, and purification of two mammalian stress proteins present in mitochondria, grp 75, a member of the hsp 70 family and hsp 58, a homolog of the bacterial groEL protein. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)47115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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34
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Dechert U, Weber M, Weber-Schaeuffelen M, Wollny E. Isolation and partial characterization of an 80,000-dalton protein kinase from the microvessels of the porcine brain. J Neurochem 1989; 53:1268-75. [PMID: 2769266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel serine/threonine-specific protein kinase was isolated from the microvessels of porcine brains. The molecular mass of the protein is 80,000 daltons, as judged by gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, or 122,000 daltons, on high-resolution gel permeation chromatography in the native state. The activity of this enzyme is stimulated by various histones or polyamines, like spermine or spermidine, but not by any of the common second messengers. The amino-terminal sequence data show no homologies to any of the published kinases, but rather to a heat-shock protein of unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Dechert
- Institut für Biochemie, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, F.R.G
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35
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Binart N, Chambraud B, Levin JM, Garnier J, Baulieu EE. A highly charged sequence of chick hsp90: a good candidate for interaction with steroid receptors. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 34:369-74. [PMID: 2626030 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(89)90110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of the entire chick 90 kDa heat shock protein (hsp90), the non hormone binding component of the heterooligomeric form of steroid receptors, is reported. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of the chick hsp90 to that of the homologous hsp90 from yeast to man, reveals 64-96% identity respectively, and even with E. coli hsp90 an identity of 44% is observed. Analysis of the sequence and a secondary structure prediction of chick hsp90 suggest that two hydrophilic regions A and B, predicted in alpha-helix may play a role in the interaction of hsp90 with other proteins such as steroid hormone receptors. While there are regions of the sequences completely conserved in all hsps90, the most negatively charged hydrophilic region (A) is absent in the E. coli protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Binart
- Lab Hormones, INSERM U 33, Bicêtre, France
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36
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Savouret JF, Misrahi M, Loosfelt H, Atger M, Bailly A, Perrot-Applanat M, Vu Hai MT, Guiochon-Mantel A, Jolivet A, Lorenzo F. Molecular and cellular biology of mammalian progesterone receptors. RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH 1989; 45:65-116; discussion 116-20. [PMID: 2682849 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571145-6.50007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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37
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Ratajczak T, Brockway MJ, Hähnel R, Moritz RL, Simpson RJ. Sequence analysis of the nonsteroid binding component of the calf uterine estrogen receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 151:1156-63. [PMID: 3355547 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbore reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography has been utilized to fractionate and purify a number of tryptic peptides generated from the 90K nonsteroid binding component of the calf uterine estrogen receptor. Sequence analysis was performed on six peptides yielding 78 unique amino acid assignments, this corresponds to approximately 10% of the molecule. These peptides share sequence similarities with three heat shock proteins, Drosophila hsp 83 (83% homologous), yeast hsp 90 (55%) and chicken hsp 108 (32%). The amino acid composition of the protein indicates a prevalence of charged amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ratajczak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Subiaco
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38
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Raschke E, Baumann G, Schöffl F. Nucleotide sequence analysis of soybean small heat shock protein genes belonging to two different multigene families. J Mol Biol 1988; 199:549-57. [PMID: 3351943 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In soybean, the small heat shock proteins of 15 to 18 kDa are encoded in the nucleus by at least two different multigene families, designated class I and class VI. Genomic DNA sequences of two new heat shock genes and flanking regions were determined: Gmhsp18.5-C, a class I gene, and Gmhsp17.9-D, the first known class VI gene. Comparison of both genes revealed a moderate homology (approx. 38%) mainly within the 3' ends of their coding regions. Hydropathic characterizations and secondary-structure predictions of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed two conserved domains within the C-terminal halves of the polypeptides that are also present in related proteins of other organisms. The transcription of both genes is heat shock dependent and the mRNA start sites, as determined by S1 nuclease mapping, are located downstream from typical TATA box sequences and multiple heat shock promoter elements such as 5' CT-GAA--TTC-AG. The putative promoter regions of the genes are preceded by long tracts of repetitive sequences with a high A + T content of 79 to 89%, which are bordered by runs of "simple sequences" such as (A) 12/13, (T)10 and (TA)10. Similar characteristic features are present in the promoter and 5'-flanking regions of other soybean heat shock genes. The possible function of these distinct sequences is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Raschke
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Biologie (Genetik), F.R.G
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39
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40
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Biosynthesis and Sorting of Proteins of the Endoplasmic Reticulum. PROTEIN TRANSFER AND ORGANELLE BIOGENESIS 1988. [PMCID: PMC7155527 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-203460-2.50010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Baez M, Sargan DR, Elbrecht A, Kulomaa MS, Zarucki-Schulz T, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW. Steroid hormone regulation of the gene encoding the chicken heat shock protein hsp 108. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Gope ML, Keinänen RA, Kristo PA, Conneely OM, Beattie WG, Zarucki-Schulz T, O'Malley BW, Kulomaa MS. Molecular cloning of the chicken avidin cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1987; 15:3595-606. [PMID: 3575102 PMCID: PMC340752 DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.8.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A cDNA for chicken avidin was identified in a chicken oviduct cDNA library by screening with antibodies and synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Four recombinant clones were characterized and each contained the sequence of the oligonucleotide probes used in screening. They were capable also of expressing an antigen recognizable by a polyclonal or a mixture of monoclonal antibodies raised against avidin. The longest clone, lambda cAV4, contained the entire coding sequence of avidin along with a signal peptide of 24 amino acids. An avidin mRNA, approximately 700 nucleotides in length, was induced by a single injection of progesterone over a period of twenty four hours. The avidin mRNA was distributed in a tissue-specific manner, since detectable concentration of the mRNA appeared only in the oviduct after stimulation with progesterone alone or with a combination of progesterone and estrogen. No avidin mRNA was detected in the liver or kidney under these conditions. Preliminary results on the genomic complexity of avidin suggest a single copy gene. Isolation of the natural gene for avidin and studies on its regulation now can be initiated using the cDNA probe.
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Scott M, Huckaby C, Kato I, Kohr W, Laskowski M, Tsai M, O'Malley B. Ovoinhibitor introns specify functional domains as in the related and linked ovomucoid gene. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ratajczak T, Comber M, Moir R, Hähnel R, Grego B, Rubira MR, Simpson RJ. The amino-terminal sequence of the 85-90K nonhormone binding component of the molybdate-stabilized estradiol receptor from calf uterus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 143:218-24. [PMID: 3827917 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)90653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first six N-terminal amino acid residues of the 85-90K non-estrogen binding component of the calf uterine, molybdate-stabilized estradiol receptor have been determined by Edman degradation. After affinity chromatography of the stabilized receptor oligomer, the 85-90K unit was purified to homogeneity by preparative gel electrophoresis using electroelution for protein recovery. Inverse-gradient high performance liquid chromatography provided the 85-90K protein suitable for amino-terminal sequence analysis.
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