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Rani AK, Hina S, Iqbal H, Shabbir Z, Izhar A, Usman M, Khalid AN. Identification and taxonomic position of a new Pseudoomphalina species from Pakistan based on light, scanning electron microscopy, and molecular analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1144-1153. [PMID: 37427665 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Khanspur, a small town located near Ayubia National Park, is a famous mountainous resort lying in Galyat area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is included in one of the richest biodiversity hotspots in the country. Despite of extensive previous studies, many new species are awaiting to be documented, including macrofungi. In this study, a new macrofungus Pseudoomphalina khanspurensis is analyzed by both light and scanning electron microscopy as well as DNA sequences based on nrITS and nrLSU regions. The sister species P. cokeri differs by its red to purple, dark to reddish brown, broadly convex to applanate pileus, purple blue to brownish stipe, and numerous cylindrical to lageniform cheilocystidia. HIGHLIGHTS: This is the first report of genus Pseudoomphalina from Pakistan and first study based on Scanning electron microscopy. These species have been described with detailed micro-morphological and molecular makers (nrITS and nrLSU). General distribution, ecology, diagnostic features and comparisons with alies have been provided. Graphical representation of DNA extraction and geographical locations of sampling sites are also illustrated. Softwares such as CIPRES Science Gateway Portal, MUSCLE, BioEdit, FigTree, Adobe illustrator and Adobe Photoshop are used in the current study. No member of this genus is already described from Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Kainat Rani
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shozab Hina
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hira Iqbal
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Shabbir
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aiman Izhar
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Nasir Khalid
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Al-Daim SA. Comparison between Four Types of Buffers for DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:47-52. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2023.143004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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3
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Development of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based DNA Lateral Flow Assay as a Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Fast and Simultaneous Detection of MRSA and Vancomycin Resistance in Bacteremia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112691. [DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce high mortality and morbidity rates, timely and proper treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection is required. A multiplex polymerase reaction (mPCR)-based DNA lateral flow assay (MBDLFA) was developed as a point-of-care diagnostic for simultaneous identification of S. aureus, methicillin resistance, and vancomycin resistance directly from blood or blood cultures. A mPCR was developed to detect nuc, mecA, and vanA/B; its sensitivity, specificity, and limit of detection (LOD) were determined. The developed reaction was further modified for use in MBDLFA and its sensitivity for detection of target genes from artificially inoculated blood samples was checked. The optimized mPCR successfully detected nuc, mecA, and vanA/B from genomic DNA of bacterial colonies with LODs of 107, 107, and 105 CFU/mL, respectively. The reaction was sensitive and specific. The optimized mPCR was used in MBDLFA that detected nuc, mecA, and vanA/B with LODs of 107, 108, and 104 CFU/mL, respectively, directly from artificially inoculated blood. The developed MBDLFA can be used as a rapid, cheap point-of-care diagnostic for detecting S. aureus, MRSA, and vancomycin resistance directly from blood and blood cultures in ~2 h with the naked eye. This will reduce morbidity, mortality, and treatment cost in S. aureus bacteremia.
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Cunha EN, de Souza MFB, Lanza DCF, Lima JPMS. A low-cost smart system for electrophoresis-based nucleic acids detection at the visible spectrum. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240536. [PMID: 33057447 PMCID: PMC7561130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid detection by electrophoresis is still a quick and accessible technique for many diagnosis methods, primarily at research laboratories or at the point of care units. Standard protocols detect DNA/RNA molecules through specific bound chemical dyes using a UV-transilluminator or UV-photo documentation system. However, the acquisition costs and availability of these devices, mainly the ones with photography and internet connection capabilities, can be prohibitive, especially in developing countries public health units. Also, ultraviolet radiation is a common additional risk factor to professionals that use electrophoresis-based nucleic acid detection. With that in mind, this work describes the development of a low-cost DNA/RNA detection smart system capable of obtaining qualitative and semi-quantitative data from gel analysis. The proposed device explores the visible light absorption range of commonly used DNA/RNA dyes using readily available parts, and simple manufacturing processes, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and 3D impression. By applying IoT techniques, our system covers a wide range of color spectrum in order to detect bands from various commercially used dyes, using Bluetooth communication and a smartphone for hardware control, image capturing, and sharing. The project also enables process scalability and has low manufacturing and maintenance costs. The use of LEDs at the visible spectrum can achieve very reproducible images, providing a high potential for rapid and point-of-care diagnostics as well as applications in several fields such as healthcare, agriculture, and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Nogueira Cunha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioinformática (PPg-Bioinfo), Instituto Metrópole Digital (IMD), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Sistemas Metabólicos e Bioinformática (LASIS), Centro de Biociências, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte (IMT-RN), UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Bezerra de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada (LAPLIC), Centro de Biociências, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Daniel Carlos Ferreira Lanza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioinformática (PPg-Bioinfo), Instituto Metrópole Digital (IMD), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada (LAPLIC), Centro de Biociências, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Matos Santos Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioinformática (PPg-Bioinfo), Instituto Metrópole Digital (IMD), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Sistemas Metabólicos e Bioinformática (LASIS), Centro de Biociências, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte (IMT-RN), UFRN, Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), IMD, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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5
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Green MR, Sambrook J. Staining Nucleic Acids. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2020; 2020:098228. [PMID: 32015006 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top098228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This introduction describes the features and uses of ethidium bromide, methylene blue, and SYBR dyes for staining nucleic acids.
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Chen S, Chen F, Han P, Ye C, Huang S, Xu L, Wang X, Song Y. A stimuli responsive triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion system and its application as a ratiometric sensor for Fe 3+ ions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36410-36415. [PMID: 35540611 PMCID: PMC9074917 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06524e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the detection of Fe3+ ions is achieved based on triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) luminescence. A new anthracene derivative (named as DHTPA) is designed and synthesized and reveals similar optical properties to 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) and is used as a stimuli responsive annihilator in a TTA-UC system due to its complexation ability. As a result, the UC emission can be significantly quenched by Fe3+ ions, while the phosphorescence (PL) emission of sensitizer palladium(ii) octaetylporphyrin (PdOEP) remains nearly constant, which makes the PL signal an appropriate internal reference for the UC signal. The UC and ratio signals (I UC/I PL) both reveal a good linear relationship with Fe3+ ion concentration, which for the first time makes the TTA-UC system a perfect ratiometric sensor for Fe3+ ion detection. This sensing method will open a novel avenue to achieve ratiometric sensors in chemical and biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoran Chen
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 P. R. China
| | - Fuming Chen
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 P. R. China
| | - Pengju Han
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 P. R. China
| | - Changqing Ye
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 P. R. China
| | - Suqin Huang
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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7
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Katrahalli U, Chanabasappa Yallur B, Manjunatha DH, Krishna PM. BSA interaction and DNA cleavage studies of anti-bacterial benzothiazol-2-yl-malonaldehyde. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Motohashi K. Development of highly sensitive and low-cost DNA agarose gel electrophoresis detection systems, and evaluation of non-mutagenic and loading dye-type DNA-staining reagents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222209. [PMID: 31498824 PMCID: PMC6733488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly sensitive and low-cost DNA agarose gel detection systems were developed using non-mutagenic and loading dye-type DNA-staining reagents. The DNA detection system that used Midori Green Direct and Safelook Load-Green, both with an optimum excitation wavelength at ~490 nm, could detect DNA-fragments at the same sensitivity to that of the UV (312 nm)-transilluminator system combined with ethidium bromide, after it was excited by a combination of cyan LED light and a shortpass filter (510 nm). The cyan LED system can be also applied to SYBR Safe that is widely used as a non-toxic dye for post-DNA-staining. Another DNA-detection system excited by black light was also developed. Black light used in this system had a peak emission at 360 nm and caused less damage to DNA due to lower energy of UV rays with longer wavelength when compared to those of short UV rays. Moreover, hardware costs of the black light system were ~$100, less than 1/10 of the commercially available UV (365 nm) transilluminator (>$1,000). EZ-Vision and Safelook Load-White can be used as non-mutagenic and loading dye-type DNA-staining reagents in this system. The black light system had a greater detection sensitivity for DNA fragments stained by EZ-Vision and Safelook Load-White compared with the commercially available imaging system using UV (365 nm) transilluminator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Motohashi
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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9
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Green MR, Sambrook J. Analysis of DNA by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2019; 2019:2019/1/pdb.top100388. [PMID: 30602561 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoresis through agarose or polyacrylamide gels is used to separate, analyze, identify, and purify DNA fragments. The technique is simple, rapid to perform, and capable of resolving fragments of DNA that cannot be separated adequately by other procedures, such as density gradient centrifugation. The location of bands of DNA within the gel can be determined directly by staining with low concentrations of fluorescent intercalating dyes, such as ethidium bromide or SYBR Gold; bands containing as little as 20 pg of double-stranded DNA can then be detected by direct examination of the gel in ultraviolet (UV) light. If necessary, these bands of DNA can be recovered from the gel.
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10
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Abstract
Purifying DNA is the key to successful cloning. The cleaner the final preparation of DNA, the more efficient will be the enzymatic reactions that use the DNA as a template or a substrate. In the 1930s and 1940s, the scientific literature began to accumulate methods to release DNA from cells and to remove cellular constituents that inhibit or act as competitors on enzymatically catalyzed reactions. Since then, thousands of protocols for purification of DNA from a wide variety of organisms, tissues, and bodily fluids have been published. This introduction provides an overview of methods for isolation and quantification of DNA.
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11
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Hu W, Zhao H, Jing J, Zhang X. A label-free ratiometric fluorescence strategy for 3′–5′ exonuclease detection. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A label-free ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for detection of exonuclease was proposed through utilizing two individual DNA conformation-specific dyes (DAPI and NMM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
| | - Hengzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
| | - Jing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
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12
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Devi CS, Thulasiram B, Satyanarayana S, Nagababu P. Analytical Techniques Used to Detect DNA Binding Modes of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Extended Phenanthroline Ring. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:2119-2130. [PMID: 28831648 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the analytical techniques used to detect DNA-probes such as Ru(II) complexes with hetero cyclic imidazo phenanthroline (IP) ligands. Studies on drug-DNA interactions are useful biochemical techniques for visualization of DNA both in vitro and in vivo. The interactions of small molecules that binds to DNA are mainly classified into two major classes, one involving covalent binding and another non-covalent binding. Covalent binding in DNA can be irreversible and may leads to inhibition of all DNA processes which subsequently leads to cell death. Usually, covalent interactions leads to permanent changes in the structure of nucleic acids. The non-covalent interaction of molecules with DNA can be due to electrostatic interaction, intercalation and groove binding. These interactions of DNA probes can be explored by various spectroscopic techniques viz. UV-visible, emission, emission quenching spectroscopy, viscosity and thermal denaturation measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shobha Devi
- Department of Chemistry, RGUKT, Basar, Telangana State, India
| | - B Thulasiram
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - S Satyanarayana
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Penumaka Nagababu
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India. .,CSIR-NEERI Zonal Laboratory, I-8, Sector C, East Kolkata, Area Development Project, P.O. East Kolkata, Township, Kolkata, 700 107, India.
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13
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Hu X, Rousseau R. Scientific influence is not always visible: The phenomenon of under-cited influential publications. J Informetr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Electrochemical biosensor modified with dsDNA monolayer for restriction enzyme activity determination. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 109:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Hodne K, Weltzien FA. Single-Cell Isolation and Gene Analysis: Pitfalls and Possibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26832-49. [PMID: 26569222 PMCID: PMC4661855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades single-cell analysis (SCA) has revealed extensive phenotypic differences within homogenous cell populations. These phenotypic differences are reflected in the stochastic nature of gene regulation, which is often masked by qualitatively and quantitatively averaging in whole tissue analyses. The ability to isolate transcripts and investigate how genes are regulated at the single cell level requires highly sensitive and refined methods. This paper reviews different strategies currently used for SCA, including harvesting, reverse transcription, and amplification of the RNA, followed by methods for transcript quantification. The review provides the historical background to SCA, discusses limitations, and current and future possibilities in this exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences-Campus Adamstuen, 0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences-Campus Adamstuen, 0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Armstrong
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges Claremont California
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17
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Haines AM, Tobe SS, Kobus HJ, Linacre A. Properties of nucleic acid staining dyes used in gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:941-4. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Haines
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University; South Australia Australia
| | - Shanan S. Tobe
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University; South Australia Australia
| | - Hilton J. Kobus
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University; South Australia Australia
| | - Adrian Linacre
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University; South Australia Australia
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18
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Niwa K, Oribe A, Okumura H, Shimono M, Nagai K, Hirota T, Yasue H, Kawase M. Tag/hybridization-based sensitive detection of polymerase chain reaction products. Anal Biochem 2014; 464:12-6. [PMID: 25051253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an important technology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of DNA segment in genomic DNAs, visualizing the segment as DNA fragment. Thus, PCR is frequently used in various examinations such as detection of bacteria and fungi in the food industry. Here, we report a simple and sensitive method for detection of PCR products using single-strand tag sequence and hybridization of the tag sequence to the complementary tag sequence immobilized on solid material (STH). The detection sensitivity was found to be at least 50 times higher than electrophoresis/ethidium bromide (EtBr) visualization for approximately a 500-bp fragment and higher than the ordinary hybridization, that is, hybridization of denatured PCR product to probe sequence immobilized on solid material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Niwa
- Future Technology Management Center, Corporate R&D, NGK Insulators, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan.
| | - Akinobu Oribe
- Future Technology Management Center, Corporate R&D, NGK Insulators, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Okumura
- Future Technology Management Center, Corporate R&D, NGK Insulators, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shimono
- Future Technology Management Center, Corporate R&D, NGK Insulators, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan
| | - Kenkichi Nagai
- Future Technology Management Center, Corporate R&D, NGK Insulators, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirota
- Future Technology Management Center, Corporate R&D, NGK Insulators, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yasue
- Tsukuba Gene Technology Laboratories, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 300-0873, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kawase
- Future Technology Management Center, Corporate R&D, NGK Insulators, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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19
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Pingoud A, Wilson GG, Wende W. Type II restriction endonucleases--a historical perspective and more. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:7489-527. [PMID: 24878924 PMCID: PMC4081073 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article continues the series of Surveys and Summaries on restriction endonucleases (REases) begun this year in Nucleic Acids Research. Here we discuss 'Type II' REases, the kind used for DNA analysis and cloning. We focus on their biochemistry: what they are, what they do, and how they do it. Type II REases are produced by prokaryotes to combat bacteriophages. With extreme accuracy, each recognizes a particular sequence in double-stranded DNA and cleaves at a fixed position within or nearby. The discoveries of these enzymes in the 1970s, and of the uses to which they could be put, have since impacted every corner of the life sciences. They became the enabling tools of molecular biology, genetics and biotechnology, and made analysis at the most fundamental levels routine. Hundreds of different REases have been discovered and are available commercially. Their genes have been cloned, sequenced and overexpressed. Most have been characterized to some extent, but few have been studied in depth. Here, we describe the original discoveries in this field, and the properties of the first Type II REases investigated. We discuss the mechanisms of sequence recognition and catalysis, and the varied oligomeric modes in which Type II REases act. We describe the surprising heterogeneity revealed by comparisons of their sequences and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Pingoud
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Geoffrey G Wilson
- New England Biolabs Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938-2723, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wende
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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20
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Dharanivasan G, Jesse DMI, Chandirasekar S, Rajendiran N, Kathiravan K. Label free fluorometric characterization of DNA interaction with cholate capped gold nanoparticles using ethidium bromide as a fluorescent probe. J Fluoresc 2014; 24:1397-406. [PMID: 24946861 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-014-1417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated label free ethidium bromide assisted characterization of DNA interaction with cholate capped AuNPs. Interactions between ss/ds DNA and AuNPs with two different lengths (0.5 and 0.85 kb) were analyzed through fluorescence spectrophotometer and agrose gel electrophoresis analysis. Further results were confirmed by UV-globally visible spectrophotometer, DLS and TEM. As 0.5 and 0.85 kb of ssDNA effectively interacted with AuNPs through the van der Waals interaction which consequently led to the prevention of salt induced aggregation, EtBr intercalations as well as fluorescence shift with less binding constant 0.098 and 0.108 μM, respectively. On the contrary, the same length of dsDNA (0.5 and 0.85 kb) not interacted with AuNPs which led to the NPs aggregation, EtBr intercalation as well as fluorescence shift with increased binding constant 0.166 and 0.599 μM, respectively. This approach helped to understand the mode of interactions of DNA with cholate capped AuNPs without any modifications in a simple method and the results could be readout through the naked eye under the UV transilluminator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasekaran Dharanivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Cong W, Chen M, Zhu Z, Liu Z, Nan J, Ye W, Ni M, Zhao T, Jin L. A shortcut organic dye-based staining method for the detection of DNA both in agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analyst 2014; 138:1187-94. [PMID: 23296513 DOI: 10.1039/c2an36079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a brief, sensitive and safe organic dye-based staining method for the visualization of DNA both in agarose and polyacrylamide gels by using Victoria Pure Blue BO (VPBBO). Down to 0.8-1.6 ng of λ DNA/HindIII markers in agarose gels and 0.4-0.8 ng of pUC18 DNA/Mspl markers in polyacrylamide gels can be successfully detected within 15 and 10 min by the new developed technique, respectively. Moreover, the mechanism of the VPBBO staining was investigated and further confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and molecular docking. The results indicated that the interaction between VPBBO and DNA is mainly due to groove binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Cong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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22
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A method for sensitive staining of DNA in polyacrylamide gels using basic fuchsin. Bioanalysis 2014; 5:1545-54. [PMID: 23795932 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PAGE is a widely used analytical method to resolve components of a DNA mixture based on their size. Various DNA visualization methods including fluorescence, visible dye and silver have been used for the detection of gel-separated DNA, with each having different advantages and disadvantages in terms of sensitivity, safety and simplicity. RESULTS A fast and sensitive visible dye-based staining method for DNA in polyacrylamide gels using basic fuchsin (BF) is described. As low as 10-20 pg of DNA can be visualized within 10 min; the sensitivity is fourfold more sensitive than that of SYBR® Gold stain, the most sensitive commercial fluorescent probe, but similar to silver staining kit from GE Healthcare. In addition, the mechanism studies suggest that the interaction of BF with DNA is mainly contributed by non-intercalative binding mode. CONCLUSION By comprehensive studies of this visible dye-based protocol, we concluded that BF stain is a fast and sensitive method currently available for detecting DNA in polyacrylamide gels.
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Lemieux C, Turmel M, Lee RW. Characterization of chloroplast DNA in Chlamydomonas eugametos and C. moewusii and its inheritance in hybrid progeny. Curr Genet 2013; 2:139-47. [PMID: 24189805 DOI: 10.1007/bf00420626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/1980] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The density, molecular weight, and cellular repetition of DNA molecules associated with the β-DNA satellite of the interfertile algae Chlamydomonas eugametos and C. moewusii are reported. The similarities between these values and those for the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in the related alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii indicate that these satellites represent cpDNA. The buoyant densities of C. eugametos and C. moewusii cpDNAs are indistinguishable from one another, as are those of their respective nuclear DNAs. These densities differ slightly from the densities of the homologous components of C. reinhardtii whole cell DNA. All three species differ with respect to additional minor satellite DNAs and low molecular weight DNAs of unknown cellular location.Differences in the Aval and Smal restriction endonuclease fragmentation patterns of C. eugametos and C. moewusii cpDNAs were employed to study the inheritance of cpDNA in an F1 hybrid which had inherited a non-Mendelian streptomycin resistance marker (sr-2) from the C. eugametos mating-type plus (mt (+)) parent and in two homoplasmic mitotic segregants from a B 1 hybrid (F1 × C. moewusii) which had been initially heteroplasmic for the resistance marker. Although the cpDNA patterns in the F1 hybrid were similar to those of the C. eugametos ml (1) parent, important differences were noted which suggest that recombination between C. eugametos and C. moewusii cpDNA had occurred. Homoplasmic streptomycin resistant and sensitive mitotic segregants recovered from the B1 hybrid product reveal Aval restriction patterns similar to those of the respective resistant and sensitive parents. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the sr-2 marker is located in cpDNA and that C. eugametos and C. moewusii cpDNA sequences can coexist in the same chloroplast and, at least sometimes, segregate without extensive recombination. The transmission of low molecular weight DNAs characteristic of C. moewusii but of unknown cellular origin shows no direct correlation with the transmission of the sr-2 marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lemieux
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, B3H 4J1, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Abstract
In November 1973, my colleagues A. C. Y. Chang, H. W. Boyer, R. B. Helling, and I reported in PNAS that individual genes can be cloned and isolated by enzymatically cleaving DNA molecules into fragments, linking the fragments to an autonomously replicating plasmid, and introducing the resulting recombinant DNA molecules into bacteria. A few months later, Chang and I reported that genes from unrelated bacterial species can be combined and propagated using the same approach and that interspecies recombinant DNA molecules can produce a biologically functional protein in a foreign host. Soon afterward, Boyer's laboratory and mine published our collaborative discovery that even genes from animal cells can be cloned in bacteria. These three PNAS papers quickly led to the use of DNA cloning methods in multiple areas of the biological and chemical sciences. They also resulted in a highly public controversy about the potential hazards of laboratory manipulation of genetic material, a decision by Stanford University and the University of California to seek patents on the technology that Boyer and I had invented, and the application of DNA cloning methods for commercial purposes. In the 40 years that have passed since publication of our findings, use of DNA cloning has produced insights about the workings of genes and cells in health and disease and has altered the nature of the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries. Here, I provide a personal perspective of the events that led to, and followed, our report of DNA cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley N. Cohen
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Doolittle WF, Fraser P, Gerstein MB, Graveley BR, Henikoff S, Huttenhower C, Oshlack A, Ponting CP, Rinn JL, Schatz MC, Ule J, Weigel D, Weinstock GM. Sixty years of genome biology. Genome Biol 2013; 14:113. [PMID: 23651518 PMCID: PMC3663092 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-4-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sixty years after Watson and Crick published the double helix model of DNA's structure, thirteen members of Genome Biology's Editorial Board select key advances in the field of genome biology subsequent to that discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ford Doolittle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Peter Fraser
- Nuclear Dynamics Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Mark B Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, Bass 432, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Brenton R Graveley
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Steven Henikoff
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alicia Oshlack
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - John L Rinn
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael C Schatz
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Jernej Ule
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - George M Weinstock
- The Genome Institute, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8501, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
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Lee PY, Costumbrado J, Hsu CY, Kim YH. Agarose gel electrophoresis for the separation of DNA fragments. J Vis Exp 2012:3923. [PMID: 22546956 PMCID: PMC4846332 DOI: 10.3791/3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Agarose gel electrophoresis is the most effective way of separating DNA fragments of varying sizes ranging from 100 bp to 25 kb(1). Agarose is isolated from the seaweed genera Gelidium and Gracilaria, and consists of repeated agarobiose (L- and D-galactose) subunits(2). During gelation, agarose polymers associate non-covalently and form a network of bundles whose pore sizes determine a gel's molecular sieving properties. The use of agarose gel electrophoresis revolutionized the separation of DNA. Prior to the adoption of agarose gels, DNA was primarily separated using sucrose density gradient centrifugation, which only provided an approximation of size. To separate DNA using agarose gel electrophoresis, the DNA is loaded into pre-cast wells in the gel and a current applied. The phosphate backbone of the DNA (and RNA) molecule is negatively charged, therefore when placed in an electric field, DNA fragments will migrate to the positively charged anode. Because DNA has a uniform mass/charge ratio, DNA molecules are separated by size within an agarose gel in a pattern such that the distance traveled is inversely proportional to the log of its molecular weight(3). The leading model for DNA movement through an agarose gel is "biased reptation", whereby the leading edge moves forward and pulls the rest of the molecule along(4). The rate of migration of a DNA molecule through a gel is determined by the following: 1) size of DNA molecule; 2) agarose concentration; 3) DNA conformation(5); 4) voltage applied, 5) presence of ethidium bromide, 6) type of agarose and 7) electrophoresis buffer. After separation, the DNA molecules can be visualized under uv light after staining with an appropriate dye. By following this protocol, students should be able to: Understand the mechanism by which DNA fragments are separated within a gel matrix Understand how conformation of the DNA molecule will determine its mobility through a gel matrix Identify an agarose solution of appropriate concentration for their needs Prepare an agarose gel for electrophoresis of DNA samples Set up the gel electrophoresis apparatus and power supply Select an appropriate voltage for the separation of DNA fragments Understand the mechanism by which ethidium bromide allows for the visualization of DNA bands Determine the sizes of separated DNA fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yun Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Cong W, You W, Chen M, Ling J, Zhu Z, Choi J, Jin L, Li X. Negative visualization of DNA in agarose gel by eosin Y and its related mechanism. Analyst 2012; 137:1466-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an00008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Maharjan AS, Pilling D, Gomer RH. High and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid differentially regulate human fibrocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26078. [PMID: 22022512 PMCID: PMC3191166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following tissue injury, monocytes can enter the tissue and differentiate into fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes, but little is known about what regulates this differentiation. Extracellular matrix contains high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA; ∼2×106 Da). During injury, HMWHA breaks down to low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA; ∼0.8–8×105 Da). Methods and Findings In this report, we show that HMWHA potentiates the differentiation of human monocytes into fibrocytes, while LMWHA inhibits fibrocyte differentiation. Digestion of HMWHA with hyaluronidase produces small hyaluronic acid fragments, and these fragments inhibit fibrocyte differentiation. Monocytes internalize HMWHA and LMWHA equally well, suggesting that the opposing effects on fibrocyte differentiation are not due to differential internalization of HMWHA or LMWHA. Adding HMWHA to PBMC does not appear to affect the levels of the hyaluronic acid receptor CD44, whereas adding LMWHA decreases CD44 levels. The addition of anti-CD44 antibodies potentiates fibrocyte differentiation, suggesting that CD44 mediates at least some of the effect of hyaluronic acid on fibrocyte differentiation. The fibrocyte differentiation-inhibiting factor serum amyloid P (SAP) inhibits HMWHA-induced fibrocyte differentiation and potentiates LMWHA-induced inhibition. Conversely, LMWHA inhibits the ability of HMWHA, interleukin-4 (IL-4), or interleukin-13 (IL-13) to promote fibrocyte differentiation. Conclusions We hypothesize that hyaluronic acid signals at least in part through CD44 to regulate fibrocyte differentiation, with a dominance hierarchy of SAP>LMWHA≥HMWHA>IL-4 or IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu S. Maharjan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MS-140, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, MS-3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, MS-3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, MS-3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gar O, Sargent DJ, Tsai CJ, Pleban T, Shalev G, Byrne DH, Zamir D. An autotetraploid linkage map of rose (Rosa hybrida) validated using the strawberry (Fragaria vesca) genome sequence. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20463. [PMID: 21647382 PMCID: PMC3103584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy is a pivotal process in plant evolution as it increase gene redundancy and morphological intricacy but due to the complexity of polysomic inheritance we have only few genetic maps of autopolyploid organisms. A robust mapping framework is particularly important in polyploid crop species, rose included (2n = 4x = 28), where the objective is to study multiallelic interactions that control traits of value for plant breeding. From a cross between the garden, peach red and fragrant cultivar Fragrant Cloud (FC) and a cut-rose yellow cultivar Golden Gate (GG), we generated an autotetraploid GGFC mapping population consisting of 132 individuals. For the map we used 128 sequence-based markers, 141 AFLP, 86 SSR and three morphological markers. Seven linkage groups were resolved for FC (Total 632 cM) and GG (616 cM) which were validated by markers that segregated in both parents as well as the diploid integrated consensus map.The release of the Fragaria vesca genome, which also belongs to the Rosoideae, allowed us to place 70 rose sequenced markers on the seven strawberry pseudo-chromosomes. Synteny between Rosa and Fragaria was high with an estimated four major translocations and six inversions required to place the 17 non-collinear markers in the same order. Based on a verified linear order of the rose markers, we could further partition each of the parents into its four homologous groups, thus providing an essential framework to aid the sequencing of an autotetraploid genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oron Gar
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ching-Jung Tsai
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tzili Pleban
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gil Shalev
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David H. Byrne
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dani Zamir
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Huang L, Tam-Chang SW. 9-Piperazine substituted perylene-3,4-dicarboximide as a fluorescent probe in ratiometric analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2291-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04262e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Zhu ZX, Cong WT, Zhang PH, Ma WD, Min L, He HZ, Choi JK, Jin LT, Li XK. An expanding negative detection method for the visualization of DNA in polyacrylamide gels by eosin Y. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3450-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Chan SH, Stoddard BL, Xu SY. Natural and engineered nicking endonucleases--from cleavage mechanism to engineering of strand-specificity. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:1-18. [PMID: 20805246 PMCID: PMC3017599 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Restriction endonucleases (REases) are highly specific DNA scissors that have facilitated the development of modern molecular biology. Intensive studies of double strand (ds) cleavage activity of Type IIP REases, which recognize 4–8 bp palindromic sequences, have revealed a variety of mechanisms of molecular recognition and catalysis. Less well-studied are REases which cleave only one of the strands of dsDNA, creating a nick instead of a ds break. Naturally occurring nicking endonucleases (NEases) range from frequent cutters such as Nt.CviPII (^CCD; ^ denotes the cleavage site) to rare-cutting homing endonucleases (HEases) such as I-HmuI. In addition to these bona fida NEases, individual subunits of some heterodimeric Type IIS REases have recently been shown to be natural NEases. The discovery and characterization of more REases that recognize asymmetric sequences, particularly Types IIS and IIA REases, has revealed recognition and cleavage mechanisms drastically different from the canonical Type IIP mechanisms, and has allowed researchers to engineer highly strand-specific NEases. Monomeric LAGLIDADG HEases use two separate catalytic sites for cleavage. Exploitation of this characteristic has also resulted in useful nicking HEases. This review aims at providing an overview of the cleavage mechanisms of Types IIS and IIA REases and LAGLIDADG HEases, the engineering of their nicking variants, and the applications of NEases and nicking HEases.
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Levings CS, Pring DR. Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA from normal and Texas cytoplasmic male-sterile maize. Science 2010; 193:158-60. [PMID: 17759255 DOI: 10.1126/science.193.4248.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA from normal and cytoplasmic male-sterile maize was digested with restriction endonucleases RI from Escherichia coli or dIII from Hemophilus influenzae. Electrophoresis of resulting fragments revealed distinctions between the two cytoplasmic types. These distinctions suggest that factors responsible or cytoplasmic male sterility are located in the mitochondrial DNA, and that the mitochondrial genome is not inherited paternally.
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34
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A visible dye-based staining method for DNA in polyacrylamide gels by ethyl violet. Anal Biochem 2010; 402:99-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schwarz Z, Jolly SO, Steinmetz AA, Bogorad L. Overlapping divergent genes in the maize chloroplast chromosome and in vitro transcription of the gene for tRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 78:3423-7. [PMID: 16593030 PMCID: PMC319580 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of the S polypeptide, maize chloroplast DNA-dependent RNA polymerase preferentially transcribes sequences within the 2200-nucleotide-pair-long maize chloroplast chromosome fragment Eco [unk] from a supercoiled chimeric plasmid cloned in Escherichia coli [Jolly, S. O. & Bogorad, L. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 822-826]. Eco [unk] contains one gene for tRNA(His) and one for a 1.6-kilobase RNA that includes an open reading frame. These two genes overlap by at least a few nucleotides and are transcribed divergently from complementary DNA strands. This indicates possible transcriptional regulation of chloroplast DNA at the nucleotide level. The 5' end of tRNA(His) (G-U-G) isolated from maize chloroplasts is indistinguishable from that of the transcript produced from Eco [unk] in vitro by maize chloroplast DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This purified system initiates RNA synthesis faithfully and exhibits preference for some chloroplast genes. Maize chloroplast DNA for tRNA(His) lacks the sequence C-C-A at its 3' terminus; it is presumably added post-transcriptionally. Maize tRNA(His) has both prokaryotic and eukaryotic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Schwarz
- The Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
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36
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Delius H, Darai G, Flügel RM. DNA analysis of insect iridescent virus 6: evidence for circular permutation and terminal redundancy. J Virol 2010; 49:609-14. [PMID: 16789247 PMCID: PMC255508 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.49.2.609-614.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA analysis of small insect iridovirus 6 was performed. Combined exonuclease-restriction endonuclease digestions revealed that all resulting fragments were degraded without preference for any one DNA fragment. Upon denaturation and reannealing of native linear Chilo iridescent virus DNA (158 x 10(6) daltons), duplex DNA circles of a smaller size (140 x 10(6) daltons) with protruding tails were formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Delius
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Royer HD, Sager R. Methylation of chloroplast DNAs in the life cycle of Chlamydomonas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 76:5794-8. [PMID: 16592724 PMCID: PMC411737 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.11.5794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation patterns of Chlamydomonas chloroplast DNAs (chlDNAs) were examined in the vegetative, gametic, and zygotic stages of the life cycle. Restriction endo-nuclease fragment patterns produced by EcoRI, BamHI, Hpa II, and Msp I were compared; the last two cleave DNA at the sequence C-C-G-G, but Hpa II is blocked by prior methylation of the internal cytidine whereas Msp I is not. chlDNAs from vegetative cells of both mating types showed no evidence of methylation at C-C-G-G. Gametic mt+ chlDNA was heavily methylated at C-C-G-G, whereas the homologous chlDNA from mt- gametes showed very slight methylation at C-C-G-G. Methylation of additional sites in chlDNA from mt+ gametes but not from mt- gametes was shown by blockage of some EcoRI and BamHI sites that were cleaved in the chlDNA from vegetative cells. chlDNA from 6-hr zygotes was much more methylated than gametic mt+ DNA, as shown by its almost total resistance to cleavage by all four restriction enzymes. These findings support and extend previous evidence that chlDNA of mt+ cells is methylated during gametogenesis and that further methylation occurs after gametic fusion in the young zygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Royer
- Sidney Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Afanasieva K, Zazhytska M, Sivolob A. Kinetics of comet formation in single-cell gel electrophoresis: loops and fragments. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:512-9. [PMID: 20119958 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms of DNA exit during single-cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay) by measuring the kinetics of the comet tail formation. In the neutral comet assay, the rate of DNA exit was found to be dependent on the topological state of DNA, which was influenced by either ethidium bromide or a low radiation dose. The results clearly show that the comet tail is formed by extended DNA loops: the loop extension, being reversible when the DNA torsional constraint remains in the loops, is favored when the constraint is relaxed. The kinetics of the comet formation in the case of a high radiation dose points out that accumulation of the single-strand breaks causes DNA fragmentation. In contrast to the neutral comet assay, the alkaline comet assay is not related to the chromatin loops. Our results imply that the alkaline treatment induces detachment of the loops from the nuclear matrix, and the comet tail is formed by ssDNA fragments, the ends of which are pulled out from the comet head by electric force. We suggest that the kinetic approach can be considered as an important improvement of the comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Afanasieva
- Department of General and Molecular Genetics, National Shevchenko University, Kiev, Ukraine
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Neto BAD, Lapis AAM, Mancilha FS, Batista Jr. EL, Netz PA, Rominger F, Basso LA, Santos DS, Dupont J. On the selective detection of duplex deoxyribonucleic acids by 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole fluorophores. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:967-75. [DOI: 10.1039/b919155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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40
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Caridade CR, Margal AS, Mendonga T, Pessoa AM, Pereira S. An automatic Method to identify and extract information of DNA bands in Gel Electrophoresis images. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2009:1024-7. [PMID: 19963482 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5332462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a system for the automatic processing of Digital Images obtained from Gel Electrophoresis. The system identifies automatically the number and the location of lanes in the digital image, as well as the location of bands on each lane, without any intervention from the user. A reference lane with a know substance is used to compute the molecular weight of the observed (unknown) bands. The system performance was tested using 12 images, obtained from 4 gels with 3 different exposures. A total of 5443 bands were tested in 12 images, 672 reference / observed lane pairs. The average error in the estimation of molecular weight of 9.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Caridade
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal.
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41
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Kricka LJ, Fortina P. Analytical ancestry: "firsts" in fluorescent labeling of nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids. Clin Chem 2009; 55:670-83. [PMID: 19233914 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.116152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inherent fluorescent properties of nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids are limited, and thus the need has arisen for fluorescent labeling of these molecules for a variety of analytical applications. CONTENT This review traces the analytical ancestry of fluorescent labeling of nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids, with an emphasis on the first to publish or patent. The scope of labeling includes (a) direct labeling by covalent labeling of nucleic acids with a fluorescent label or noncovalent binding or intercalation of a fluorescent dye to nucleic acids and (b) indirect labeling via covalent attachment of a secondary label to a nucleic acid, and then binding this to a fluorescently labeled ligand binder. An alternative indirect strategy involves binding of a nucleic acid to a nucleic acid binder molecule (e.g., antibody, antibiotic, histone, antibody, nuclease) that is labeled with a fluorophore. Fluorescent labels for nucleic acids include organic fluorescent dyes, metal chelates, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, gold particles, and fluorescent minerals. SUMMARY Fluorescently labeled nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids are important types of reagents for biological assay methods and underpin current methods of chromosome analysis, gel staining, DNA sequencing and quantitative PCR. Although these methods use predominantly organic fluorophores, new types of particulate fluorophores in the form of nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotubes may provide the basis of a new generation of fluorescent labels and nucleic acid detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J Kricka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Armstrong
- Joint Science Department, Claremont McKenna Pitzer and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California
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43
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phiEC2, a new generalized transducing phage of Erwinia chrysanthemi. Virology 2008; 137:102-12. [PMID: 18639822 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/1984] [Accepted: 05/15/1984] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A collection of Erwinia strains (chrysanthemi and carotovora) was screened for temperate phages. One of them, phiEC2, turned out to be a generalized transducing phage. The structure of its DNA was found to be 62 kb long, terminally redundant, and circularly permuted. The transducing properties of the phage are also briefly described.
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44
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Hilal H, Taylor J. Cyanine dyes for the detection of double stranded DNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 70:1104-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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El-Shishtawy RM, Santos CR, Gonçalves I, Marcelino H, Almeida P. New amino and acetamido monomethine cyanine dyes for the detection of DNA in agarose gels. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5537-42. [PMID: 17553684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some new monomethine cyanine dyes derived from quinoline and benzothiazole have been prepared and characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR, FTIR, FABHRMS, and visible spectroscopy. The dyes containing amino and acetamido groups were conveniently synthesized by the condensation of two p-toluenesulfonate heterocyclic quaternary salts and were obtained in the forms of iodide, bromide, and tosylate counteranions. These dyes were compared to ethidium bromide as stains for DNA in electrophoretic gels. The overall results obtained for the sensitivity of these dyes suggest the suitability of acetamido moiety over the amine one and bromide as the counteranion when compared with iodide and tosylate, with a similar capacity of DNA detection in relation to the ethidium bromide stain over the concentration range of 1-3ng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda M El-Shishtawy
- Departamento de Química e Unidade de I&D de Materiais Têxteis e Papeleiros, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Ma C, Tang Z, Wang K, Tan W, Yang X, Li W, Li Z, Lv X. Real-time monitoring of restriction endonuclease activity using molecular beacon. Anal Biochem 2007; 363:294-6. [PMID: 17313935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changbei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Bio-Nanotechnology of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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47
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Krüger DH, Hansen S, Hartmann M. Interaction of bacteriophage T7 with Hind-endonuclease-producing Haemophilus influenzae Rd cells. J Basic Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.19820220607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Barron AE, Blanch HW. DNA Separations by Slab Gel, and Capillary Electrophoresis: Theory and Practice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/03602549508014343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Sambrook J, Russell DW. Detection of DNA in agarose gels. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/1/pdb.prot4022. [PMID: 22485443 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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50
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Hwang SY, Jin LT, Yoo GS, Choi JK. Silver staining method for DNA in polyacrylamide gels using eriochrome black T as a silver-ion sensitizer. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:1744-8. [PMID: 16568502 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive silver staining method using eriochrome black T as a silver-ion sensitizer for DNA detection in polyacrylamide gels was developed. The sensitivity of this staining method was significantly improved by the new silver-ion sensitizer containing a diazo group, which has reducing power. The staining method lasted a total of approximately 15 min following a fixing step for 2 x 20 min. The detection limit of this staining method was 1-4 pg for PhiX174 DNA/HaeIII in both nondenaturing and denaturing polyacrylamide gels. This staining method was especially effective in low-base pair DNA, with a sensitivity that was approximately ten-fold higher than previously published silver staining methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-young Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Buk-ku, Kwangju, South Korea
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