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Abstract
RNA species play host to a plethora of post-transcriptional modifications which together make up the epitranscriptome. 5-methyluridine (m5U) is one of the most common modifications made to cellular RNA, where it is found almost ubiquitously in bacterial and eukaryotic cytosolic tRNAs at position 54. Here, we demonstrate that m5U54 in human mitochondrial tRNAs is catalysed by the nuclear-encoded enzyme TRMT2B, and that its repertoire of substrates is expanded to ribosomal RNAs, catalysing m5U429 in 12S rRNA. We show that TRMT2B is not essential for viability in human cells and that knocking-out the gene shows no obvious phenotype with regards to RNA stability, mitochondrial translation, or cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Powell
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Toompuu M, Yasukawa T, Suzuki T, Hakkinen T, Spelbrink JN, Watanabe K, Jacobs HT. The 7472insC mitochondrial DNA mutation impairs the synthesis and extent of aminoacylation of tRNASer(UCN) but not its structure or rate of turnover. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:22240-50. [PMID: 11919191 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m200338200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 7472insC mitochondrial DNA mutation in the tRNA(Ser(UCN)) gene is associated with sensorineural deafness combined, in some patients, with a wider neurological syndrome. In cultured cybrid cells it causes a 70% decrease in tRNA(Ser(UCN)) abundance and mild respiratory impairment, previously suggested to be due to decreased tRNA stability. When mitochondrial transcription was blocked by ethidium bromide treatment, the half-life of the mutant tRNA was not significantly different from that of wild-type tRNA(Ser(UCN)). Over-expression of mitochondrial translational elongation factor EF-Tu also had no effect on the mutant phenotype. However, during recovery from prolonged ethidium bromide treatment, the synthesis of the mutant tRNA(Ser(UCN)) was specifically impaired, without polarity effects on downstream tRNAs of the light strand transcription unit. We infer that the mutation acts posttranscriptionally to decrease tRNA(Ser(UCN)) abundance by affecting its synthesis rather than its stability. The extent of aminoacylation of the mutant tRNA was also decreased by approximately 25%. In contrast, the mutation had no detectable effect on tRNA(Ser(UCN)) base modification or structure other than the insertion of an extra guanosine templated by the mutation, which was structurally protected from nuclease digestion like the surrounding nucleotides. These findings indicate a common molecular process underlying sensorineural deafness caused by mitochondrial tRNA(Ser(UCN)) mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- DNA/biosynthesis
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA, Mitochondrial
- Ethidium/pharmacology
- Genotype
- Guanosine/chemistry
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/metabolism
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Oligonucleotides/pharmacology
- Oxygen/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Conformation
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- RNA, Transfer/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Ser/chemistry
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Toompuu
- Institute of Medical Technology and Tampere University Hospital, FIN-33014 University of Tampere, Finland
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3
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Corsini E, Viviani B, Marinovich M, Galli CL. Role of mitochondria and calcium ions in tributyltin-induced gene regulatory pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997; 145:74-81. [PMID: 9221826 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1996.8100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) salts are potent skin irritants both in humans and rodents. Data in the literature indicate mitochondria as target of TBT effects. Here, we investigate the early intracellular molecular events that follow TBT treatment and the relevance of calcium ions and mitochondria in gene-regulatory signaling pathways. Confluent HEL30 cells were treated with increasing doses of TBT (0-5 microM). At different times thereafter, the level of intracellular Ca2+, the cellular oxidative activity, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, and IL-1alpha production were measured. TBT induced a dose-related increase of intracellular Ca2+ that reached the plateau 4 min following treatment. The increase of intracellular Ca2+ was followed by an increase in cellular oxidative activity as measured by DCFH oxidation (15 min) that preceded NF-kappaB activation (30 min) and IL-1alpha production (4 hr). All these events can be almost completely abrogated by BAPTA, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator. Furthermore, the modulation of cellular oxidative activity induced by TBT observed with rotenone, an inhibitor of the electron entry from complex I to ubiquinone, or after prolonged treatment with ethidium bromide, an inhibitor of mitochondrial DNA and RNA synthesis, indicates mitochondria as an important intracellular source of reactive oxygen species. These findings indicate the rise in intracellular Ca2+ as the starting event and indicate the role of mitochondria as the source of second messenger molecules essential for TBT-induced NF-kappaB activation and IL-1alpha production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Corsini
- Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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4
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Corsini E, Schubert C, Marinovich M, Galli CL. Role of mitochondria in tributyltin-induced interleukin-1alpha production in murine keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 107:720-5. [PMID: 8875956 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12365608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) salts are well known skin irritants in rodents and humans. TBT induced both the intracellular production of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and its release into culture medium in a murine keratinocyte cell line (HEL30). Here, we report that mitochondria are important for TBT-induced IL-1alpha production. Confluent cells were treated with increasing concentrations of TBT (0--2.5 microM) or dimethylsulfoxide as vehicle control. At different times thereafter (0--24 h), nuclear extracts were analyzed for nuclear factor-(kappa)B (NF-(kappa)B) binding activity by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and the released and cell-associated IL-1alpha was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TBT induced a direct and concentration-related activation of NF-(kappa)B, which peaked at 2 h and was blocked by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, a potent NF-(kappa)B inhibitor, and rotenone, an inhibitor of the electron entry from complex I to ubiquinone. Rotenone also induced a concentration-related inhibition of IL-1alpha synthesis induced by TBT, but rotenone did not completely abrogate TBT-induced IL-1alpha production, which suggests that other transcription factors may be involved in IL-1alpha production. Prolonged treatment with ethidium bromide, an inhibitor of mitochondrial DNA and RNA synthesis, was used to partially deplete cells of functional mitochondria. After 5 d of treatment, mitochondrial conversion of tetrazolium bromide to formazan was reduced by 50%, and IL-1alpha release was decreased by 65%, whereas no induction of intracellular IL-1alpha was observed. This effect was not due to inhibition of protein synthesis, because identical incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein in control and ethidium bromide-treated cells was identical. This impairment of mitochondrial metabolism inhibited NF-(kappa)B activation by TBT. These findings indicate that mitochondria may be the source of second messenger molecules important for TBT-induced IL-1alpha production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Corsini
- Center for Cosmetic Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacologic Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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5
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Moraes CT, Ricci E, Petruzzella V, Shanske S, DiMauro S, Schon EA, Bonilla E. Molecular analysis of the muscle pathology associated with mitochondrial DNA deletions. Nat Genet 1992; 1:359-67. [PMID: 1284549 DOI: 10.1038/ng0892-359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are associated with a subgroup of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. We studied seven patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome or isolated ocular myopathy who harboured a sub-population of partially-deleted mitochondrial genomes in skeletal muscle. Variable cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiencies and reduction of mitochondrially-encoded polypeptides were found in affected muscle fibres, but while many COX-deficient fibres had increased levels of mutant mtDNA, they almost invariably had reduced levels of normal mtDNA. Our results suggest that a specific ratio between mutant and wild-type mitochondrial genomes is the most important determinant of a focal respiratory chain deficiency, even though absolute copy numbers may vary widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Moraes
- H. Houston Merritt Clinical Research Center for Muscular Dystrophy and Related Disorders, New York, New York
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6
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Wilkie D, Evans IH, Egilsson V, Diala ES, Collier D. Mitochondria, cell surface, and carcinogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY. SUPPLEMENT 1983; 15:157-189. [PMID: 6343282 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-364376-6.50012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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7
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Soslau G, Zavodny PJ. Control and virus-transformed baby hamster kidney cells resistant to ethidium bromide. I. Characterization and the respiratory enzymes. J Cell Physiol 1980; 104:137-52. [PMID: 6251098 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell lines resistant to ethidium bromide have been developed from cultured mammalian BHK21/C13 cells and these same cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (C13/B4). Cells resistant to 2 micrograms ethidium bromide per milliliter have been cloned. One clone of the control and one of the virus-transformed cell lines has been employed for characterization. The resistant cells, in the presence of 2 micrograms ethidium bromide/ml, grow at approximately the same rate as the untreated parental cells. The control cells possess a "normal" karyotype (44 chromosomes), while the corresponding ethidium bromide mutant has a reduced chromosome number of 41 and a number of translocations. The mitochondria displayed morphological alterations compared to the parental lines during the transition phase prior to the isolation of the ethidium bromide-resistant cells. The mitochondria of the ethidium bromide-resistant mutants appear somewhat enlarged with a normal morphology. The effect of ethidium bromide on selected respiratory enzymes in normal and virus-transformed ethidium bromide-resistant baby hamster kidney cells was determined. Ethidium bromide-resistant cells exhibited a depressed level of cytochrome aa3. This depression could not be reversed by growth in ethidium bromide-free media. Ethidium bromide-resistant cells possessed the same cytochrome b, c, and c1 levels per cell as their corresponding parental lines. Purified mitochondria isolated from virus-transformed ethidium bromide-resistant cells exhibited a depression in cytochrome oxidase-specific activity, while the ethidium bromide-resistant control cells did not. All cell lines studied showed a depression in NADH-ferricyanide and NADH-cytochrome c reductase-specific activities relative to their parental BHK21/C13 cells. No increase was observed in virus-transformed ethidium bromide-resistant cells. Ethidium bromide-resistant control cells exhibited a two-fold increase in oligomycin-insensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity relative to their parental cells. All of the cell lines studied possessed equivalent oligomycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase-specific activity except for the virus-transformed, dye-resistant mutant, whose activity was increased.
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8
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Soslau G, Nass MM. Stimulation of 2-deoxy-d-glucose transport in control and virus-transformed cells by ethidium bromide. J Cell Physiol 1975; 86:269-80. [PMID: 409 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040860211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently we demonstrated that ethidium bromide altered the plasma and subcellular membrane glycoproteins in control and virus transformed cells. It is reported here that ethidium bromide also stimulated the membrane associated process of sugar transport. The KM of the virus transformed cells and the ethidium bromide treated cells is the same as that of the control cells while the maximum velocity as compared to the control cells is significantly increased. The transport of 2-deoxyl-D-glucose was inhibited by glucose, cytochalasin B and neuraminidase but was unaffected by variations in cell density or pH of the incubation medium.
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9
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Heinen E, Lepoint A, Bassleer R, Goessens G. Effects of ethidium bromide on chick fibroblasts and mouse Ehrlich tumor cells cultivated in vitro. Cytological and cytochemical observations. BEITRAGE ZUR PATHOLOGIE 1974; 153:353-69. [PMID: 4616678 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-8165(74)80126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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The Effect of Ethidium Bromide on the Membrane Glycopeptides in Control and Virus-transformed Cells. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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Lord A. Observations on Raphanus sativus meristematic cells treated with ethidium bromide. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1974; 46:117-30. [PMID: 4813266 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(74)80026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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12
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13
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14
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Gouhier M, Mounolou JC. Yeast mutants resistant to ethidium bromide. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 122:149-64. [PMID: 4573865 DOI: 10.1007/bf00435188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Dubin DT, Friend DA. Comparison of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial 4 S RNA from cultured hamster cells: physical and metabolic properties. J Mol Biol 1972; 71:163-75. [PMID: 4117925 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Morales NM, Schaefer FW, Keller SJ, Meyer RR. Effects of ethidium bromide and several acridine dyes on the kinetoplast DNA of Leishmania tropica. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1972; 19:667-72. [PMID: 4641903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1972.tb03557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Wu M, Davidson N, Attardi G, Aloni Y. Expression of the mitochondrial genome in HeLa cells. XIV. The relative positions of the 4 S RNA genes and of the ribosomal RNA genes in mitochondrial DNA. J Mol Biol 1972; 71:81-93. [PMID: 4634988 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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19
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Nass MM. Differential effects of ethidium bromide on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA synthesis in vivo in cultured mammalian cells. Exp Cell Res 1972; 72:211-22. [PMID: 4337144 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(72)90583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Meyer RR, Probst GS, Keller SJ. RNA synthesis by isolated mammalian mitochondria and nuclei: effects of ethidium bromide and acriflavin.. Arch Biochem Biophys 1972; 148:425-30. [PMID: 5019869 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(72)90160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Meyer RR, Boyd CR, Rein DC, Keller SJ. Effects of ethidium bromide on growth and morphology of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Exp Cell Res 1972; 70:233-7. [PMID: 4621475 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(72)90204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Mahler HR, Perlman PS. Mitochondrial membranes and mutagnesis by ethidium bromide. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1972; 1:105-24. [PMID: 4569476 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Schwab R, Sebald M, Kaudewitz F. Influence of ethidium bromide on respiration in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1971; 110:361-6. [PMID: 5574428 DOI: 10.1007/bf00438278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Soslau G, Nass MM. Effects of ethidium bromide on the cytochrome content and ultrastructure of L cell mitochondria. J Cell Biol 1971; 51:514-24. [PMID: 5112654 PMCID: PMC2108129 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.51.2.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethidium bromide intercalates between the bases of native DNA, resulting in several biological anomalies. The effects of ethidium bromide on the mitochondria of cultured mouse L cells were studied. At a concentration of 1 microg ethidium bromide/ml it was observed that concentrations of cytochromes a + a(3) and b decreased, a + a(3) more rapidly than b. In contrast, the concentration of cytochromes c(1) and c increased or remained the same as in control cells. Concomitant with the decrease of cytochromes a + a(3) and b was an enlargement of the mitochondria and a reduction in the cristae. The cristae that remained were abnormally organized. After prolonged treatment with ethidium bromide a second population of small, more normally organized mitochondria was apparent. These effects of ethidium bromide could be reversed.
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25
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Wood DD, Luck DJ. A paracrystalline inclusion in Neurospora crassa. Induction by ethidium and acridine, isolation, and characterization. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1971; 51:249-64. [PMID: 4329522 PMCID: PMC2108245 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.51.1.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A paracrystal indistinguishable from the one which occurs in the mitochondrial mutant abnormal-1 can be induced in wild-type Neurospora crassa after growth in either ethidium or euflavine. This paracrystal has been isolated and partially characterized. It appears to be composed of a single polypeptide (mol wt 68,000) which can be reversibly crystallized and dissociated by changes in the pH and ionic strength. When aggregated, the polypeptide forms oligomers which are arranged end-to-end into fibers. During the characterization of the polypeptide, it was found that the polypeptide's electrophoretic and immunological properties could be used as assays. Using these methods it was found that the polypeptide normally accumulates in a soluble form in the cytoplasm of wild-type Neurospora at the end of the log-phase of growth.
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26
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Delain E, Brack C, Riou G, Festy B. Ultrastructural alterations of Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplast induced by the interaction of a trypanocidal drug (hydroxystilbamidine) with the kinetoplast DNA. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1971; 37:200-18. [PMID: 5000212 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(71)80051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in Escherichia coli, L5178Y cells, and mitochondria by ethidium bromide, related compounds, and metabolites. Biochem Pharmacol 1971; 20:2921-6. [PMID: 4939914 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(71)90208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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De Kloet SR, Andrean BA, Mayo VS. Biosynthesis of ribonucleic acid in yeast: some properties of mitochondrial ribosomal ribonucleic acid in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Arch Biochem Biophys 1971; 143:175-86. [PMID: 4934880 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(71)90198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- P Borst
- Department of Medical Enzymology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Brega A, Vesco C. Ribonucleoprotein particles involved in HeLa mitochondrial protein synthesis. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1971; 229:136-9. [PMID: 5280092 DOI: 10.1038/newbio229136a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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32
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Attardi B, Attardi G. Expression of the mitochondrial genome in HeLa cells. I. Properties of the discrete RNA components from the mitochondrial fraction. J Mol Biol 1971; 55:231-49. [PMID: 5548606 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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33
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Bauer W, Vinograd J. The Use of Intercalative Dyes in the Study of Closed Circular DNA. PROCEEDINGS OF THE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM ON COMPLEXES OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES WITH NUCLEIC ACIDS AND THEIR MODES OF ACTION 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-65141-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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35
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Nass MM. Abnormal DNA patterns in animal mitochondria: ethidium bromide-induced breakdown of closed circular DNA and conditions leading to oligomer accumulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 67:1926-33. [PMID: 4321352 PMCID: PMC283449 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.67.4.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cultured mouse fibroblasts (L-cells) and hamster kidney cells with ethidium bromide was found to inhibit the incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine into mitochondrial closed-circular DNA, but not into nuclear DNA. The specific activity of nuclear DNA in treated cells was higher than in control cells. Treatment also led to breakdown of closed-circular mitochondrial DNA, greatly enlarged mitochondrial profiles with few or no cristae, and a higher yield of mitochondrial protein per cell.A significant increase in the content of circular DNA dimers and oligomers of mitochondria was observed after treatment of L-cells with cycloheximide and puromycin or treatment of chick fibroblasts with cycloheximide, and in hamster kidney cells transformed with polyoma virus. Little or no effects on dimer and oligomer content were found in L-cells treated with vinblastine, colcemid, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, or mengovirus, in Rous-transformed hamster cells, or in cuprizone-induced giant mitochondria of rat liver.
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36
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Friedlander A, Buonassisi V. Kinetics of synthesis of cytoplasmic RNA with transfer properties in cultures of adrenal tumor cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 213:101-14. [PMID: 4099037 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(70)90011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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De Vries H, Kroon AM. Euflavin and ethidium bromide; inhibitors of mitochondriogenesis in regenerating rat liver. FEBS Lett 1970; 7:347-350. [PMID: 11947512 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H De Vries
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Abstract
HeLa cells arrested in metaphase synthesized relatively normal amounts of mitochondrial RNA, while little RNA synthesis associated with the nucleus was detected. The RNA synthesized resembled the portion of mitochondrial RNA sensitive to ethidium bromide in interphase cells, with major peaks at 21, 12, and 4S. Unlike that in interphase cells, RNA synthesis in the mitoclhonidrial fraction of mitotic cells was completely inhibited by ethidium bromide.
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