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Pan T, Lee YM, Takimoto E, Ueda K, Liu PY, Shen HH. Inhibitory effects of naringenin on estrogen deficiency-induced obesity via regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and AMPK activation associated with white adipose tissue browning. Life Sci 2024; 340:122453. [PMID: 38272439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Post-ovariectomy (OVX) changes in hormones induce obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. Increased energy expenditure via WAT browning is a novel therapeutic strategy for treating obesity. Naringenin (NAR) reduces inflammation and lipogenesis in obesity and attenuates estrogen deficiency-associated metabolic disorders; however, its role in WAT browning remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated NAR ability to inhibit estrogen deficiency-associated obesity in vivo using a rat model and in vitro using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. KEY FINDINGS NAR significantly decreased the body weight and WAT mass of rats. O2 consumption, CO2 production, and energy expenditure were significantly lower in the OVX group than in the sham group, but NAR treatment reversed these effects of OVX. NAR treatment markedly improved glucose intolerance and lipid profiles as well as leptin, adiponectin, and irisin levels. NAR upregulated markers of browning and mitochondrial biogenesis in inguinal WAT. Moreover, it enhanced markers of mitochondrial fusion and inhibited fission via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Similar results were observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, NAR-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion were suppressed by dorsomorphin (an AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor). SIGNIFICANCE NAR alleviates obesity and metabolic dysfunction through the induction of WAT browning achieved via the modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase-regulated mitochondrial dynamics in WATs. NAR supplementation may therefore represent a potential intervention for preventing postmenopausal adipose tissue dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Pan
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pang-Yen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Hsueh Shen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mechanism Underlying Naringenin Hypocholesterolemic Effects: Involvement of Estrogen Receptor α Subtype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415809. [PMID: 36555447 PMCID: PMC9779308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (Nar) is one of major citrus flavonoids predominantly found in grapefruit and orange. In vivo studies have demonstrated Nar potential as a normolipidemic agent capable to reduce circulating cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, rats, and patients, suggesting a new role for this molecule in cardiovascular disease prevention. Although Nar cholesterol-lowering effects are known, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Interestingly, Nar binds to the estrogen receptors (ERs), modulating both transcriptional and membrane-initiating signals. Although estrogen and ERs are deeply involved in lipid metabolism, no data are available regarding a putative role of these nuclear receptors as mediators of the hypocholesterolemic effect exerted by Nar. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the involvement of ERs in Nar-induced modulation of cholesterol metabolism. Results obtained in HepG2 cell line demonstrate that Nar can modulate the molecular network of cholesterol homeostasis. However, these effects were only partially dependent on the activity of estrogen receptor α. As a whole, our data highlight new molecular mechanisms by which Nar influences cholesterol metabolism, opening a new scenery about dietary impact on human health.
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Ani FI, Nabofa EEW, Omobowale TO, Ajuzie NC, Ajemigbitse J, Oyagbemi AA, Attah AF, Adeoye BK, Azubuike-Osu SO, Adedapo AA, Alada ARA. Infused aqueous curry tea extracts ameliorate N ω -Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester-induced liver dysfunction in male albino Wistar rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14198. [PMID: 35608322 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae) has been reported to positively affect liver function. However, the effect of M. koenigii leaves on Nω -Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) induced liver dysfunction is unknown. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the effect of M.koenigii leaves as tea on L-NAME induced liver dysfunction. METHODS Two variants of curry tea were formulated; one was formulated entirely from leaves of M. koenigii, the other was formulated with thaumatin-rich aril obtained from seeds of Thaumatococcus danielii (Benn.) Benth. (Marantaceae). Group I animals served as control and were untreated. Groups II and V animals were administered curry tea (CT). Group III and VI animals received curry-thaumatin tea (CTT). Concurrently, L-NAME (40 mg/kg) was administered to groups IV-VI respectively for 21 days. Blood and liver samples were collected at the end of the study for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS L-NAME induced liver dysfunction evidenced by liver histology, increased activities of ALT, AST, hyperlipidemia, hepatic oxidative stress and increased hepatic NF-kB expression. Administration of CT and CTT ameliorated the L-NAME induced liver dysfunction evidenced by liver histology, increased NO hepatic bioavailability, reduced activity of ALT and AST, increased hepatic antioxidant system and decreased hepatic NF-kB expression. Thaumatin taste/flavor enhancer did not significantly reduce or potentiate the hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-lipidemic property of aqueous curry tea extracts in rats. CONCLUSION L-NAME impaired liver function in rats. CT and CTT interfered with the ability of L-NAME to inhibit NO synthesis which was associated with ameliorated hepatic dysfunction. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The study reports that non-selective inhibition of nitric oxide by L-NAME in rats impairs liver function and formulated curry tea types interfered with the ability of L-NAME to inhibit NO synthesis which was associated with ameliorated hepatic dysfunction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Alfred Francis Attah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ellagic Acid Suppresses ApoB Secretion and Enhances ApoA-1 Secretion from Human Hepatoma Cells, HepG2. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133885. [PMID: 34202121 PMCID: PMC8271888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, on the secretion of apolipoproteins from human hepatocytes, HepG2, was investigated. The levels of apoB and apoA-1 secreted in the cell culture medium were determined by sandwich ELISA. EA did not affect cell viability at the tested concentrations (up to 50 µM). EA suppressed the secretion of apoB and enhanced that of apoA-1 from HepG2 cells. However, cellular apoB levels were increased, suggesting that EA inhibited the trafficking of apoB during the process of secretion. In contrast, the increase in the cellular levels of apoA-1 was consistent with its secreted levels. These results indicate that EA inhibits the secretion of apoB from hepatocytes and increases the secretion of apoA-1. Both of these effects are beneficial for lipoprotein metabolism in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. The detailed mechanism underlying these effects of EA on lipoprotein metabolism should be elucidated in the future, but this naturally occurring polyphenolic compound might be antihyperlipidemic. Based on these results, EA is suggested as a candidate food-derived compound for the prevention of hyperlipidemia.
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5
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Bagherniya M, Khedmatgozar H, Fakheran O, Xu S, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Medicinal plants and bioactive natural products as inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4804-4833. [PMID: 33856730 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that induces caspase-1 activation and the downstream substrates involved with the processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α). The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by a wide range of danger signals that derive from metabolic dysregulation. Activation of this complex often involves the adaptor ASC and upstream sensors including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, and pyrin, which are activated by different stimuli including infectious agents and changes in cell homeostasis. It has been shown that nutraceuticals and medicinal plants have antiinflammatory properties and could be used as complementary therapy in the treatment of several chronic diseases that are related to inflammation, for example, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Herb-based medicine has demonstrated protective effects against NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, this review focuses on the effects of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the possible mechanisms of action of these natural products. Thus, herb-based, natural products/compounds can be considered novel, practical, and accessible agents in chronic inflammatory diseases by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Khedmatgozar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Fakheran
- Dental Research Center, Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Suowen Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abdel Fattah ME, Sobhy HM, Reda A, Abdelrazek HMA. Hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves aquatic extract against lead acetate-induced liver injury in male Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43028-43043. [PMID: 32725563 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Current research was performed to explore the hepatoprotective potential of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on lead acetate-induced hepatic injury. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided equally into 4 groups. The first group was control, while the second, third, and fourth groups were given 200 mg/kg aqueous Moringa extract only, 100 mg/kg lead only, and 100 mg/kg lead plus 200 mg/kg aqueous Moringa leaves extract, respectively, via oral gavage for 4 weeks. Weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were recorded. Serum lipid profiles, liver enzyme activities, and proteins beside hepatic superoxide dismutase activity, reduced glutathione, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation were assessed. Liver histopathological examination and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) immunohistochemistry were performed. Administration of lead lowered (P < 0.05) weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and perturbed lipid profile than control. Lead increased liver enzyme activities and TNF-α, while reduced serum proteins and hepatic antioxidant markers compared to control. Lead aggravated hepatic DNA fragmentation beside the presence of histopathological lesions. Co-administration of aqueous Moringa extract with lead significantly alleviated lead-induced adverse effects. The administration of aqueous Moringa extract with its antioxidant significantly restored the lead perturbations through reduction of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage via amelioration of NF-kB and TNF-α which kept hepatocyte integrity and reduced serum hepatic enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohy E Abdel Fattah
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Sobhy
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Deficiency, Animal Health research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Areeg Reda
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Deficiency, Animal Health research Institute, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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Phenolic Compounds Exerting Lipid-Regulatory, Anti-Inflammatory and Epigenetic Effects as Complementary Treatments in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040641. [PMID: 32326376 PMCID: PMC7226566 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main process behind cardiovascular diseases (CVD), maladies which continue to be responsible for up to 70% of death worldwide. Despite the ongoing development of new and potent drugs, their incomplete efficacy, partial intolerance and numerous side effects make the search for new alternatives worthwhile. The focus of the scientific world turned to the potential of natural active compounds to prevent and treat CVD. Essential for effective prevention or treatment based on phytochemicals is to know their mechanisms of action according to their bioavailability and dosage. The present review is focused on the latest data about phenolic compounds and aims to collect and correlate the reliable existing knowledge concerning their molecular mechanisms of action to counteract important risk factors that contribute to the initiation and development of atherosclerosis: dyslipidemia, and oxidative and inflammatory-stress. The selection of phenolic compounds was made to prove their multiple benefic effects and endorse them as CVD remedies, complementary to allopathic drugs. The review also highlights some aspects that still need clear scientific explanations and draws up some new molecular approaches to validate phenolic compounds for CVD complementary therapy in the near future.
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8
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Physico‐chemical characterization of alginates isolated from a Tunisian
Padina pavonica
algae as a sustainable biomaterial. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Iqbal J, Jahangir Z, Al-Qarni AA. Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein: From Lipid Metabolism to Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1276:37-52. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Beneficial Effects of Citrus Flavonoids on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5484138. [PMID: 30962863 PMCID: PMC6431442 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5484138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing over time. CVD is a comorbidity in diabetes and contributes to premature death. Citrus flavonoids possess several biological activities and have emerged as efficient therapeutics for the treatment of CVD. Citrus flavonoids scavenge free radicals, improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, modulate lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation, suppress inflammation and apoptosis, and improve endothelial dysfunction. The intake of citrus flavonoids has been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. Although citrus flavonoids exerted multiple beneficial effects, their mechanisms of action are not completely established. In this review, we summarized recent findings and advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of citrus flavonoids against oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Further studies and clinical trials to assess the efficacy and to explore the underlying mechanism(s) of action of citrus flavonoids are recommended.
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11
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Horseradish (Moringa oleifera) seed and leaf inclusive diets modulates activities of enzymes linked with hypertension, and lipid metabolites in high-fat fed rats. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Burke AC, Telford DE, Edwards JY, Sutherland BG, Sawyez CG, Huff MW. Naringenin Supplementation to a Chow Diet Enhances Energy Expenditure and Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Reduces Adiposity in Lean, Pair-Fed Ldlr -/- Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800833. [PMID: 30578663 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Naringenin is a citrus-derived flavonoid that has potent lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects in obese mouse models of metabolic dysfunction. However, in these models, a significant effect of naringenin supplementation is the prevention of weight gain, which in itself can confer metabolic protection. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of naringenin supplementation in lean, chow-fed Ldlr-/- mice is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS In Ldlr-/- mice with isocaloric food consumption, treatment with naringenin for 8 weeks reduces body weight and adiposity compared to littermate controls pair-fed the chow diet alone. Furthermore, naringenin treatment reduces plasma lipids and enhances insulin sensitivity compared to chow-fed controls. Metabolic cage studies reveal that naringenin-treated mice have elevated energy expenditure with no change in ambulatory activity. Additionally, naringenin-treated mice have an increased respiratory exchange ratio and food consumption during the dark cycle. Treatment increases the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes in liver, and increased β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in plasma, indicating that one mechanism through which naringenin mediates metabolic improvement is enhanced hepatic fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS These studies highlight the potential therapeutic utility of naringenin and suggest that this flavonoid maintains potent metabolic properties in the absence of obesity or a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Burke
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Dawn E Telford
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jane Y Edwards
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Brian G Sutherland
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Cynthia G Sawyez
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Murray W Huff
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Xia Y, Lu Z, Lu M, Liu M, Liu L, Meng G, Yu B, Wu H, Bao X, Gu Y, Shi H, Wang H, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Xiang H, Sun Z, Niu K. Raw orange intake is associated with higher prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an adult population. Nutrition 2018; 60:252-260. [PMID: 30682547 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common public health issues worldwide. Oranges are the most popular fruit consumed in the world. Admittedly, flavonoids in oranges act as antioxidants and improve liver steatosis. However, oranges also are rich in fructose, which is a risk factor in the progress of NAFLD. Therefore, we hypothesize that orange intake may be a double-edged sword in the development of NAFLD. To our knowledge, there currently is little evidence of the effect of dietary orange intake on NAFLD. The aim of this study was to investigate how orange intake is related to NAFLD in a general adult population. METHODS We randomly recruited 27,214 adults into the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. NAFLD was diagnosed by liver ultrasonography. Raw orange intake was assessed by a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between orange intake and the prevalence of NAFLD. RESULTS There was a 27.18% prevalence of NAFLD among the participants. Consumption of orange was positively associated with the prevalence of NAFLD after adjustment for all potential confounding factors (Ptrend = 0.04). The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of the categories of orange intake in the NAFLD were 1.00 (reference) for less than once per week, 1.02 (0.95-1.11) for 1 to 6 times per week, and 1.17 (1.03-1.33) for ≥7 times per week, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that orange intake is positively associated with the prevalence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuolin Lu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Lu
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Shi
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiling Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong Sun
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Ruiz-Miyazawa KW, Borghi SM, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Staurengo-Ferrari L, Fattori V, Fernandes GS, Casella AM, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, Cunha FQ, Casagrande R, Verri WA. The citrus flavanone naringenin reduces gout-induced joint pain and inflammation in mice by inhibiting the activation of NFκB and macrophage release of IL-1β. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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15
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Hernández-Aquino E, Muriel P. Beneficial effects of naringenin in liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1679-1707. [PMID: 29713125 PMCID: PMC5922990 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i16.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are caused by different etiological agents, mainly alcohol consumption, viruses, drug intoxication or malnutrition. Frequently, liver diseases are initiated by oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to the excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM), followed by a progression to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been reported that some natural products display hepatoprotective properties. Naringenin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, antifibrogenic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties that is capable of preventing liver damage caused by different agents. The main protective effects of naringenin in liver diseases are the inhibition of oxidative stress, transforming growth factor (TGF-β) pathway and the prevention of the transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), leading to decreased collagen synthesis. Other effects include the inhibition of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), toll-like receptor (TLR) and TGF-β non-canonical pathways, the inhibition of which further results in a strong reduction in ECM synthesis and deposition. In addition, naringenin has shown beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through the regulation of lipid metabolism, modulating the synthesis and oxidation of lipids and cholesterol. Moreover, naringenin protects from HCC, since it inhibits growth factors such as TGF-β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducing apoptosis and regulating MAPK pathways. Naringenin is safe and acts by targeting multiple proteins. However, it possesses low bioavailability and high intestinal metabolism. In this regard, formulations, such as nanoparticles or liposomes, have been developed to improve naringenin bioavailability. We conclude that naringenin should be considered in the future as an important candidate in the treatment of different liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hernández-Aquino
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
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Nyane NA, Tlaila TB, Malefane TG, Ndwandwe DE, Owira PMO. Metformin-like antidiabetic, cardio-protective and non-glycemic effects of naringenin: Molecular and pharmacological insights. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 803:103-111. [PMID: 28322845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Its blood glucose-lowering effects are initially due to inhibition of hepatic glucose production and increased peripheral glucose utilization. Metformin has also been shown to have several beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors and it is the only oral antihyperglycaemic agent thus far associated with decreased macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes. Adenosine Monophosphate Activated-Protein Kinase (AMPK) is a major cellular regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism. Recent evidence shows that pharmacological activation of AMPK improves blood glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, blood pressure and insulin-resistance making it a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of T2D. Naringenin a flavonoid found in high concentrations as its glycone naringin in citrus fruits, has been reported to have antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti- dyslipidemic and anti-diabetic effects. It has been shown that naringenin exerts its anti-diabetic effects by inhibition of gluconeogenesis through upregulations of AMPK hence metformin-like effects. Naringin has further been shown to have non-glycemic affects like metformin that mitigate inflammation and cell proliferation. This review evaluates the potential of naringenin as anti-diabetic, anti-dyslipidemic anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic agent similar to metformin and proposes its further development for therapeutic use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntsoaki Annah Nyane
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P.O. Box X5401, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thabiso Bethwel Tlaila
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P.O. Box X5401, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tanki Gabriel Malefane
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P.O. Box X5401, Durban, South Africa
| | - Dudu Edith Ndwandwe
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P.O. Box X5401, Durban, South Africa
| | - Peter Mark Oroma Owira
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P.O. Box X5401, Durban, South Africa.
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Acetoacetic acid induces oxidative stress to inhibit the assembly of very low density lipoprotein in bovine hepatocytes. J DAIRY RES 2016; 83:442-446. [PMID: 27692001 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029916000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows with fatty liver or ketosis exhibit hyperketonemia, oxidative stress, and a low rate of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly, and there may be a potential link among these characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of acetoacetic acid (AcAc) on the assembly of VLDL in cow hepatocytes. Cultured cow hepatocytes were treated with different concentrations of AcAc with or without N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an antioxidant). AcAc treatment decreased the mRNA expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, indicative of oxidative stress. Furthermore, AcAc treatment significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which thus decreased VLDL assembly and increased triglyceride (TG) accumulation in these bovine hepatocytes. Importantly, NAC relieved AcAc-induced oxidative stress and increased VLDL assembly. In summary, these results suggest that AcAc-induced oxidative stress affects the assembly of VLDL, which increases TG accumulation in bovine hepatocytes.
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Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Activity of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Curatella americana L. Leaves. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9681425. [PMID: 27247703 PMCID: PMC4876233 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9681425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High levels of reactive oxygen species in the body and hyperlipidemia are key factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The present study investigated the antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity of hydroethanolic extract of Curatella americana L. leaves (ExC). The antioxidant activity of ExC was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging capacity and protection against hemolysis induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), followed by quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA). Wistar rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high-fructose diet (60%) were treated for 60 days with water, simvastatin (30 mg·Kg(-1)), ciprofibrate (2 mg·Kg(-1)), and ExC (200 mg·Kg(-1)). ExC revealed IC50 of 6.0 ± 0.5 μg·mL(-1), an intermediary value among positive controls used in the assay of DPPH scavenging capacity. At all concentrations (50 to 125 μg·mL(-1)) and times (60 to 240 min) evaluated, ExC protected erythrocytes against AAPH-induced hemolysis, which was confirmed by lower MDA levels. In vivo tests showed a reduction of 34 and 45%, respectively, in serum concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in hyperlipidemic rats treated with ExC, a similar effect compared to the reference drugs, simvastatin and ciprofibrate, respectively. Together, the results showed the antioxidant activity of ExC and its ability to improve the serum lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats.
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Mulvihill EE, Burke AC, Huff MW. Citrus Flavonoids as Regulators of Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Nutr 2016; 36:275-99. [PMID: 27146015 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Citrus flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with significant biological properties. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the ability of citrus flavonoids to modulate lipid metabolism, other metabolic parameters related to the metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. Citrus flavonoids, including naringenin, hesperitin, nobiletin, and tangeretin, have emerged as potential therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic dysregulation. Epidemiological studies reveal an association between the intake of citrus flavonoid-containing foods and a decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Studies in cell culture and animal models, as well as a limited number of clinical studies, reveal the lipid-lowering, insulin-sensitizing, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties of citrus flavonoids. In animal models, supplementation of rodent diets with citrus flavonoids prevents hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance primarily through inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and increased fatty acid oxidation. Citrus flavonoids blunt the inflammatory response in metabolically important tissues including liver, adipose, kidney, and the aorta. The mechanisms underlying flavonoid-induced metabolic regulation have not been completely established, although several potential targets have been identified. In mouse models, citrus flavonoids show marked suppression of atherogenesis through improved metabolic parameters as well as through direct impact on the vessel wall. Recent studies support a role for citrus flavonoids in the treatment of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Larger human studies examining dose, bioavailability, efficacy, and safety are required to promote the development of these promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Mulvihill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7; ; .,Current address: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3L9;
| | - Amy C Burke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7; ;
| | - Murray W Huff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7; ; .,Department of Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
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Rahbar AR, Mahmoudabadi MMS, Islam MS. Comparative effects of red and white grapes on oxidative markers and lipidemic parameters in adult hypercholesterolemic humans. Food Funct 2016; 6:1992-8. [PMID: 26007320 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the effects of consuming red versus white whole grapes on oxidative and lipidemic indices in people with hypercholesterolemia. Sixty nine patients were randomized into three groups. The two treatment groups consumed 500 g of either Condori red grapes or Shahroodi white grapes daily for 8 weeks, and the third group served as a control. Plasma glucose, triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined by colorimetric methods at baseline and at the end of the study. In addition, the polyphenol and fiber content of the two grape varieties was measured. TBARS was reduced in both study groups compared to the control group, and the reduction was greater in the group that consumed red grapes compared to the white grapes. TAC was increased significantly in both red and white grape consuming groups compared to the control group. Total cholesterol and LDL-C were decreased in the red grape group compared to the control group. No significant changes in fasting blood glucose, TG or HDL-C were observed among the groups. The results of this study suggest that consumption of the whole fruit of red grapes has more potent anti-oxidative and hypolipidemic effects compared to the white grapes in hyperlipidemic adult humans. Hence, the whole fruit of red grapes may be an excellent fruit choice not only to prevent oxidative stress related metabolic disorders but also cholesterol related cardiovascular diseases, particularly in hyperlipidemic adult humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Rahbar
- Department of Nutrition, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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Apigenin and naringenin regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and ameliorate vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 773:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Novotny JA, Baer DJ, Khoo C, Gebauer SK, Charron CS. Cranberry juice consumption lowers markers of cardiometabolic risk, including blood pressure and circulating C-reactive protein, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations in adults. J Nutr 2015; 145:1185-93. [PMID: 25904733 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.203190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic risk is the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, or stroke, which are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the potential of low-calorie cranberry juice (LCCJ) to lower cardiometabolic risk. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study was conducted with controlled diets. Thirty women and 26 men (mean baseline characteristics: 50 y; weight, 79 kg; body mass index, 28 kg/m(2)) completed an 8-wk intervention with LCCJ or a flavor/color/energy-matched placebo beverage. Twice daily volunteers consumed 240 mL of LCCJ or the placebo beverage, containing 173 or 62 mg of phenolic compounds and 6.5 or 7.5 g of total sugar per 240-mL serving, respectively. RESULTS Fasting serum triglycerides (TGs) were lower after consuming LCCJ and demonstrated a treatment × baseline interaction such that the participants with higher baseline TG concentrations were more likely to experience a larger treatment effect (1.15 ± 0.04 mmol/L vs. 1.25 ± 0.04 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.027). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was lower for individuals consuming LCCJ than for individuals consuming the placebo beverage [ln transformed values of 0.522 ± 0.115 ln(mg/L) vs. 0.997 ± 0.120 ln(mg/L), P = 0.0054, respectively, and equivalent to 1.69 mg/L vs. 2.71 mg/L back-transformed]. LCCJ lowered diastolic blood pressure (BP) compared with the placebo beverage (69.2 ± 0.8 mm Hg for LCCJ vs. 71.6 ± 0.8 mm Hg for placebo; P = 0.048). Fasting plasma glucose was lower (P = 0.03) in the LCCJ group (5.32 ± 0.03 mmol/L) than in the placebo group (5.42 ± 0.03 mmol/L), and LCCJ had a beneficial effect on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance for participants with high baseline values (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION LCCJ can improve several risk factors of CVD in adults, including circulating TGs, CRP, and glucose, insulin resistance, and diastolic BP. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01295684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - David J Baer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Lakeville-Middleborough, MA
| | - Sarah K Gebauer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Craig S Charron
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
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Assini JM, Mulvihill EE, Burke AC, Sutherland BG, Telford DE, Chhoker SS, Sawyez CG, Drangova M, Adams AC, Kharitonenkov A, Pin CL, Huff MW. Naringenin prevents obesity, hepatic steatosis, and glucose intolerance in male mice independent of fibroblast growth factor 21. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2087-102. [PMID: 25774553 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways whereby the citrus flavonoid, naringenin, reduces dyslipidemia and improves glucose tolerance were investigated in C57BL6/J wild-type mice and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) null (Fgf21(-/-)) mice. FGF21 regulates energy homeostasis and the metabolic adaptation to fasting. One avenue of this regulation is through induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (Pgc1a), a regulator of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. Because naringenin is a potent activator of hepatic FA oxidation, we hypothesized that induction of FGF21 might be an integral part of naringenin's mechanism of action. Furthermore, we predicted that FGF21 deficiency would potentiate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysregulation and compromise metabolic protection by naringenin. The absence of FGF21 exacerbated the response to a HFD. Interestingly, naringenin supplementation to the HFD robustly prevented obesity in both genotypes. Gene expression analysis suggested that naringenin was not primarily targeting fatty acid metabolism in white adipose tissue. Naringenin corrected hepatic triglyceride concentrations and normalized hepatic expression of Pgc1a, Cpt1a, and Srebf1c in both wild-type and Fgf21(-/-) mice. HFD-fed Fgf21(-/-) mice displayed greater muscle triglyceride deposition, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired glucose tolerance as compared with wild-type mice, confirming the role of FGF21 in insulin sensitivity; however, naringenin supplementation improved these metabolic parameters in both genotypes. We conclude that FGF21 deficiency exacerbates HFD-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, FGF21 is not required for naringenin to protect mice from HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation. Collectively these studies support the concept that naringenin has potent lipid-lowering effects and may act as an insulin sensitizer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Assini
- Department of Vascular Biology (J.M.A., E.E.M., A.C.B., B.G.S., D.E.T., S.S.C., C.G.S., M.W.H.) and Imaging Research Laboratories (M.D.), Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7; Children's Health Research Institute and Departments of Paediatrics, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Oncology (C.L.P.); Departments of Biochemistry (J.M.A., E.E.M., A.C.B., S.S.C., M.W.H.), Medical Biophysics (M.D.) and Medicine (D.E.T., C.G.S., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7; and Lilly Research Laboratories (A.C.A., A.K.), Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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Cardioprotection by Phytochemicals via Antiplatelet Effects and Metabolism Modulations. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 73:369-379. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ding T, Kabir I, Li Y, Lou C, Yazdanyar A, Xu J, Dong J, Zhou H, Park T, Boutjdir M, Li Z, Jiang XC. All members in the sphingomyelin synthase gene family have ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:537-545. [PMID: 25605874 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m054627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase-related protein (SMSr) synthesizes the sphingomyelin analog ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) in cells. Previous cell studies indicated that SMSr is involved in ceramide homeostasis and is crucial for cell function. To further examine SMSr function in vivo, we generated Smsr KO mice that were fertile and had no obvious phenotypic alterations. Quantitative MS analyses of plasma, liver, and macrophages from the KO mice revealed only marginal changes in CPE and ceramide as well as other sphingolipid levels. Because SMS2 also has CPE synthase activity, we prepared Smsr/Sms2 double KO mice. We found that CPE levels were not significantly changed in macrophages, suggesting that CPE levels are not exclusively dependent on SMSr and SMS2 activities. We then measured CPE levels in Sms1 KO mice and found that Sms1 deficiency also reduced plasma CPE levels. Importantly, we found that expression of Sms1 or Sms2 in SF9 insect cells significantly increased not only SM but also CPE formation, indicating that SMS1 also has CPE synthase activity. Moreover, we measured CPE synthase Km and Vmax for SMS1, SMS2, and SMSr using different NBD ceramides. Our study reveals that all mouse SMS family members (SMSr, SMS1, and SMS2) have CPE synthase activity. However, neither CPE nor SMSr appears to be a critical regulator of ceramide levels in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingbo Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China; Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Inamul Kabir
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Yue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China; Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Caixia Lou
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Foshan, China
| | | | - Jiachen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Jibin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Hongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Taesik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, 461-701, South Korea
| | | | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China; Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY.
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Oboh G, Bello FO, Ademosun AO. Hypocholesterolemic properties of grapefruit (Citrus paradisii) and shaddock (Citrus maxima) juices and inhibition of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme activity. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 22:477-484. [PMID: 28911463 PMCID: PMC9355010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapefruit (Citrus paradisii) and shaddock (Citrus maxima) juices are used in folk medicine for the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism of action by which they exert their therapeutic action is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of grapefruit and shaddock juices on angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro and the hypocholesterolemic properties of the juices in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Grapefruit juice had higher total phenol and flavonoid contents than shaddock juice, while both juices inhibited ACE activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, administration of the juices to rats fed a high-cholesterol diet caused a significant reduction in plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol levels and an increase in high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol levels. The inhibition of ACE activity in vitro and in vivo hypocholesterolemic effect of the juices could explain the use of the juices in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Fatai O Bello
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ayokunle O Ademosun
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Hasanein P, Fazeli F. Role of naringenin in protection against diabetic hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia in male Wistar rats. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:997-1006. [PMID: 25407136 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperalgesia and allodynia are among the common manifestations of painful diabetic neuropathy. Naringenin (NA) has some biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidiabetic effects. We investigated the effects of NA administration at different doses, 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia in rats. The animals received saline or NA (20, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.; once daily) for 8 weeks. Hyperalgesia was assessed by tail flick (TF) and formalin tests. Von Frey filaments were used for tactile allodynia evaluation. At the end, all rats were weighed and underwent plasma glucose and superoxide dismutase measurement. Diabetes caused significant hyperalgesia and allodynia during the above tests. NA 50 and 100 mg/kg reversed chemical and thermal hyperalgesia in diabetic rats. There were no significant differences in pain responses between NA (50 and 100 mg/kg)-treated diabetic rats and pregabalin-treated diabetic animals. Administration of NA 20 mg/kg did not alter pain-related behaviors in control and diabetic groups compared to the respective control ones. NA 50 and 100 mg/kg restored hyperglycemia as well as the decreased levels of (superoxide dismutase) SOD activity in diabetic rats. The body weight of treated diabetic rats increased significantly compared to untreated diabetics. Prolonged oral administration of NA (50 and 100 mg/kg) ameliorated some aspects of diabetic neuropathy by causing hypoglycemia and increasing the levels of antioxidant enzyme SOD. Therefore, NA makes a good candidate for treatment of diabetic neuropathy in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hasanein
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517833391, Iran,
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Abd El Latif A, El Bialy BES, Mahboub HD, Abd Eldaim MA. Moringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetes in rats by regeneration of β cells and reduction of pyruvate carboxylase expression. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:413-9. [PMID: 25289966 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. contains many active ingredients with nutritional and medicinal values. It is commonly used in folk medicine as an antidiabetic agent. The present study was designed to investigate how an aqueous extract from the leaves of M. oleifera reveals hypoglycemia in diabetic rats. M. oleifera leaf extract counteracted the alloxan-induced diabetic effects in rats as it normalized the elevated serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde, and normalized mRNA expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase in hepatic tissues. It also increased live body weight gain and normalized the reduced mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase in the liver of diabetic rats. Moreover, it restored the normal histological structure of the liver and pancreas damaged by alloxan in diabetic rats. This study revealed that the aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaves possesses potent hypoglycemic effects through the normalization of elevated hepatic pyruvate carboxylase enzyme and regeneration of damaged hepatocytes and pancreatic β cells via its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abd El Latif
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City 32897, Egypt
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29
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Modulatory effect of moringa oleifera against gamma-radiation-induced oxidative stress in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Lagenaria siceraria ameliorates atheromatous lesions by modulating HMG–CoA reductase and lipoprotein lipase enzymes activity in hypercholesterolemic rats. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(14)60004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Alginate esters via chemoselective carboxyl group modification. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1288-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kostyn K, Szatkowski M, Kulma A, Kosieradzka I, Szopa J. Transgenic potato plants with overexpression of dihydroflavonol reductase can serve as efficient nutrition sources. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6743-6753. [PMID: 23692339 DOI: 10.1021/jf400645s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is considered to be one of the most important crops cultivated in Europe and the entire world. The tubers of the potato are characterized by rich starch and protein contents and high concentrations of antioxidants, such as vitamin C and flavonoids. Notably, the presence of the phenolic antioxidants is of high importance as they have health-related properties. They are known to reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis, prevent certain kinds of cancer, and aid with many other kinds of diseases. The aim of this study was to find the most efficient way to increase the content of phenolic antioxidants in potato tubers through transgenesis. The results showed that the most efficacious way to achieve this goal was the overexpression of the dihydroflavonol reductase gene (DFR). The produced transgenic potato plants served as a nutrition source for laboratory rats; the study has confirmed their nontoxicity and nutritional benefits on the tested animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kostyn
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław , Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
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Maestre R, Douglass JD, Kodukula S, Medina I, Storch J. Alterations in the intestinal assimilation of oxidized PUFAs are ameliorated by a polyphenol-rich grape seed extract in an in vitro model and Caco-2 cells. J Nutr 2013; 143:295-301. [PMID: 23325921 PMCID: PMC3713019 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.160101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The (n-3) PUFAs 20:5 (n-3) (EPA) and 22:6 (n-3) (DHA) are thought to benefit human health. The presence of prooxidant compounds in foods, however, renders them susceptible to oxidation during both storage and digestion. The development of oxidation products during digestion and the potential effects on intestinal PUFA uptake are incompletely understood. In the present studies, we examined: (1) the development and bioaccessibility of lipid oxidation products in the gastrointestinal lumen during active digestion of fatty fish using the in vitro digestive tract TNO Intestinal Model-1 (TIM-1); (2) the mucosal cell uptake and metabolism of oxidized compared with unoxidized PUFAs using Caco-2 intestinal cells; and 3) the potential to limit the development of oxidation products in the intestine by incorporating antioxidant polyphenols in food. We found that during digestion, the development of oxidation products occurs in the stomach compartment, and increased amounts of oxidation products became bioaccessible in the jejunal and ileal compartments. Inclusion of a polyphenol-rich grape seed extract (GSE) during the digestion decreased the amounts of oxidation products in the stomach compartment and intestinal dialysates (P < 0.05). In Caco-2 intestinal cells, the uptake of oxidized (n-3) PUFAs was ~10% of the uptake of unoxidized PUFAs (P < 0.05) and addition of GSE or epigallocatechin gallate protected against the development of oxidation products, resulting in increased uptake of PUFAs (P < 0.05). These results suggest that addition of polyphenols during active digestion can limit the development of (n-3) PUFA oxidation products in the small intestine lumen and thereby promote intestinal uptake of the beneficial, unoxidized, (n-3) PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Maestre
- Department of Seafood Chemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Vigo, Spain.
| | - John D. Douglass
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Sarala Kodukula
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Isabel Medina
- Department of Seafood Chemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Vigo, Spain; and
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Citrus flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with powerful biological properties. This review aims to summarize recent advances towards understanding the ability of citrus flavonoids to regulate lipid metabolism and other metabolic parameters relevant to the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Citrus flavonoids, including naringenin, hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of metabolic dysregulation. Epidemiological studies report that intake of citrus flavonoid-containing foods attenuates cardiovascular diseases. Experimental and a limited number of clinical studies reveal lipid-lowering, insulin-sensitizing, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties. In animal models, citrus flavonoid supplements prevent hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity primarily through inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and increased fatty acid oxidation. Citrus flavonoids blunt the inflammatory response in metabolically important tissues including liver, adipose tissue, kidney and the aorta. The mechanisms underlying flavonoid-induced metabolic regulation have not been completely established. In mouse models, citrus flavonoids show marked suppression of atherogenesis through improved metabolic parameters and also through direct impact on the vessel wall. SUMMARY These recent studies suggest an important role of citrus flavonoids in the treatment of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, obesity and atherosclerosis. The favorable outcomes are achieved through multiple mechanisms. Human studies focussed on dose, bioavailability, efficacy and safety are required to propel the use of these promising therapeutic agents into the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Assini
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Participation of antioxidant and cholinergic system in protective effect of naringenin against type-2 diabetes-induced memory dysfunction in rats. Neuroscience 2012; 226:62-72. [PMID: 22999973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin is a flavone flavonoid possessing antidiabetic, antioxidant and memory improving effects. Therefore, we studied the influence of naringenin against type-2 diabetes-induced memory dysfunction in rats. Type-2 diabetes was induced by high-fat diet and high-fat emulsion for two weeks and a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). The memory deficit was assessed by using a novel object recognition paradigm. The changes in oxidative markers and cholinesterase (ChE) levels were evaluated in the hippocampal region. After confirmation of diabetes, naringenin (50mg/kg) treatment was given to animals as a preventive and in another set of experiments naringenin (25 and 50mg/kg) or pioglitazone (5mg/kg) or donepezil (3mg/kg) treatments were started after long-standing diabetes (4 weeks after confirmation). Both the treatment schedules show significant protection and improvement in cognitive behavior against diabetes-induced memory dysfunction and biochemical changes. Also, treatment with pioglitazone and donepezil improved memory performance in rats. Naringenin was found to decrease oxidative stress by depleting elevated lipid peroxide and nitric oxide and elevating reduced glutathione levels. Cholinergic function was improved by naringenin through the inhibition of elevated ChE activity. In conclusion, the present study suggests that naringenin acts as an antioxidant and ChE inhibitor against type-2 diabetes-induced memory dysfunction.
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Chanet A, Milenkovic D, Manach C, Mazur A, Morand C. Citrus flavanones: what is their role in cardiovascular protection? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8809-22. [PMID: 22574825 DOI: 10.1021/jf300669s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavanones, including hesperidin and naringin, are polyphenolic compounds highly and almost exclusively present in citrus. Epidemiological studies reported an inverse relationship between their intake and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Clinical and experimental data further showed their antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, insulin-sensitizing, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties, which could explain their antiatherogenic action in animal models. Although flavanones may be promising compounds that are particularly active in cardiovascular disease prevention, clinical data are still scarce and most in vitro data have been obtained under nonphysiologically relevant conditions. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for flavanone action are not fully elucidated. Therefore, further research is needed to better evaluate and understand the protective effects of flavanones in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Chanet
- INRA , UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Protection from Metabolic Dysregulation, Obesity, and Atherosclerosis by Citrus Flavonoids: Activation of Hepatic PGC1α-Mediated Fatty Acid Oxidation. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:857142. [PMID: 22701469 PMCID: PMC3369495 DOI: 10.1155/2012/857142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in a multitude of models including cell culture, animal and clinical studies demonstrate that citrus-derived flavonoids have therapeutic potential to attenuate dyslipidemia, correct hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, and reduce atherosclerosis. Emerging evidence suggests the metabolic regulators, PPARα and PGC1α, are targets of the citrus flavonoids, and their activation may be at least partially responsible for mediating their metabolic effects. Molecular studies will add significantly to the concept of these flavonoids as viable and promising therapeutic agents to treat the dysregulation of lipid homeostasis, metabolic disease, and its cardiovascular complications.
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Naringin, the major grapefruit flavonoid, specifically affects atherosclerosis development in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:469-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Melone M, Wilsie L, Palyha O, Strack A, Rashid S. Discovery of a New Role of Human Resistin in Hepatocyte Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Suppression Mediated in Part by Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59:1697-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hussain MM, Rava P, Walsh M, Rana M, Iqbal J. Multiple functions of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:14. [PMID: 22353470 PMCID: PMC3337244 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) was first identified as a major cellular protein capable of transferring neutral lipids between membrane vesicles. Its role as an essential chaperone for the biosynthesis of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins was established after the realization that abetalipoproteinemia patients carry mutations in the MTTP gene resulting in the loss of its lipid transfer activity. Now it is known that it also plays a role in the biosynthesis of CD1, glycolipid presenting molecules, as well as in the regulation of cholesterol ester biosynthesis. In this review, we will provide a historical perspective about the identification, purification and characterization of MTP, describe methods used to measure its lipid transfer activity, and discuss tissue expression and function. Finally, we will review the role MTP plays in the assembly of apoB-lipoprotein, the regulation of cholesterol ester synthesis, biosynthesis of CD1 proteins and propagation of hepatitis C virus. We will also provide a brief overview about the clinical potentials of MTP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Paul Rava
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Meghan Walsh
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Muhammad Rana
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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Jeong H, Lee JY, Jang EJ, Lee EH, Bae MA, Hong JH, Hwang ES. Hesperedin promotes MyoD-induced myogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:598-608. [PMID: 21265826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The bioflavonoid, hesperedin, promotes osteoblast differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells, indicating an anabolic effect of hesperedin on bone metabolism. Murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells undergo myogenic differentiation as well as osteogenic differentiation. We therefore explored whether hesperedin modulates muscle cell differentiation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Myoblast C2C12 cells were differentiated into muscle cells in the presence or absence of hesperedin. The effects of hesperedin on myogenic differentiation were determined by analysing specific muscle markers in vitro using reporter gene assays, immunoblotting, RT-PCR and DNA pull-down assays. In vivo, the effects of hesperedin were assessed using the freeze injury-induced muscle regeneration model in mice and daily injections of hesperedin for 6 days. KEY RESULTS Hesperedin promoted myogenic differentiation, in a dose-dependent manner, by increasing myogenin gene expression. MyoD-induced myogenin gene transcription was enhanced by hesperedin, as this bioflavonoid augmented the nuclear localization and myogenin promoter-binding of MyoD. In addition, hesperedin increased myogenin and muscle creatine kinase gene expression during myogenic differentiation from C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells in a MyoD-dependent manner and accelerated in vivo muscle regeneration induced by muscle injury. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate that hesperedin promoted myogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo through activation of MyoD-mediated myogenin expression, suggesting a beneficial role in promoting muscle regeneration, following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Solá R, Fitó M, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, de La Torre R, Muñoz MA, del Carmen López-Sabater M, Martínez-González MA, Arós F, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Fiol M, Casals E, Wärnberg J, Buil-Cosiales P, Ros E, Konstantinidou V, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Covas MI. Effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet on apolipoproteins B, A-I, and their ratio: A randomized, controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2011; 218:174-80. [PMID: 21640348 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Naringin and vitamin E influence the oxidative stability and lipid profile of plasma in lambs fed fish oil. Res Vet Sci 2011; 91:98-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mulvihill EE, Assini JM, Lee JK, Allister EM, Sutherland BG, Koppes JB, Sawyez CG, Edwards JY, Telford DE, Charbonneau A, St-Pierre P, Marette A, Huff MW. Nobiletin attenuates VLDL overproduction, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis in mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes 2011; 60:1446-57. [PMID: 21471511 PMCID: PMC3292317 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B100 often present in patients with insulin resistance and confer increased risk for the development of atherosclerosis. Naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids have antiatherogenic properties. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of the polymethoxylated flavonoid nobiletin on lipoprotein secretion in cultured human hepatoma cells (HepG2) and in a mouse model of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Lipoprotein secretion was determined in HepG2 cells incubated with nobiletin or insulin. mRNA abundance was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blotting was used to demonstrate activation of cell signaling pathways. In LDL receptor-deficient mice (Ldlr(-/-)) fed a Western diet supplemented with nobiletin, metabolic parameters, gene expression, fatty acid oxidation, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure were documented. Atherosclerosis was quantitated by histological analysis. RESULTS In HepG2 cells, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-related kinase signaling by nobiletin or insulin increased LDLR and decreased MTP and DGAT1/2 mRNA, resulting in marked inhibition of apoB100 secretion. Nobiletin, unlike insulin, did not induce phosphorylation of the insulin receptor or insulin receptor substrate-1 and did not stimulate lipogenesis. In fat-fed Ldlr(-/-) mice, nobiletin attenuated dyslipidemia through a reduction in VLDL-triglyceride (TG) secretion. Nobiletin prevented hepatic TG accumulation, increased expression of Pgc1α and Cpt1α, and enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation. Nobiletin did not activate any peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), indicating that the metabolic effects were PPAR independent. Nobiletin increased hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and dramatically attenuated atherosclerosis in the aortic sinus. CONCLUSIONS Nobiletin provides insight into treatments for dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis associated with insulin-resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Mulvihill
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia M. Assini
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin K. Lee
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma M. Allister
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Julie B. Koppes
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia G. Sawyez
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Y. Edwards
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn E. Telford
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Murray W. Huff
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Murray W. Huff,
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Cho KW, Kim YO, Andrade JE, Burgess JR, Kim YC. Dietary naringenin increases hepatic peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α protein expression and decreases plasma triglyceride and adiposity in rats. Eur J Nutr 2010; 50:81-8. [PMID: 20567977 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naringenin, a flavonoid present in grapefruit, has recently been shown to exert hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects, which has a particular importance for protecting against chronic diseases. However, the lipid-lowering potential of naringenin at the concentrations in the dietary range and its underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. AIM The aim of the present study was (1) to investigate the effects of dietary naringenin on plasma and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels and on adipose deposition in rat and (2) to determine the contribution of hepatic peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα) expression to fatty acid oxidation. METHODS Male Long-Evans hooded rats were fed a diet supplemented with naringenin (0.003, 0.006, and 0.012%) for 6 weeks. We analyzed plasma and hepatic lipid contents and determined the protein expression of PPARα, carnitine-palmitoyl transferase 1L (CPT-1), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), all of which are critical genes for fatty acid oxidation. RESULTS Naringenin supplementation caused a significant reduction in the amount of total triglyceride and cholesterol in plasma and liver. In addition, naringenin supplementation lowered adiposity and triglyceride contents in parametrial adipose tissue. Naringenin-fed animals showed a significant increase in PPARα protein expression in the liver. Furthermore, expression of CPT-1 and UCP2, both of which are known to be regulated by PPARα, was markedly enhanced by naringenin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the activation of PPARα transcription factor and upregulation of its fatty acid oxidation target genes by dietary naringenin may contribute to the hypolipidemic and anti-adiposity effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Won Cho
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 10003, USA
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Mulvihill EE, Huff MW. Antiatherogenic properties of flavonoids: implications for cardiovascular health. Can J Cardiol 2010; 26 Suppl A:17A-21A. [PMID: 20386755 DOI: 10.1016/s0828-282x(10)71056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that higher flavonoid intake from fruits and vegetables is associated with decreased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms explaining this observation remain unclear, but current evidence suggests that flavonoids may exert their effects through the improvement of cardiovascular risk factors. The present review summarizes data suggesting that flavonoids improve endothelial function. inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation, decrease blood pressure and improve dyslipidemia. A large number of studies have reported the impact of consuming flavonoid-rich foods on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy volunteers or at-risk individuals. Most studies have focused on cocoa, soy, and green and black tea. Recent evidence suggests that some polyphenols in their purified form, including resveratrol, berberine and naringenin, have beneficial effects on dyslipidemia in humans and/or animal models. In a mouse model of cardiovascular disease, naringenin treatment, through correction of dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and obesity, attenuated atherosclerosis. Therefore, the beneficial effects of flavonoids on multiple risk factors may explain, in part, the observed beneficial effects of flavonoids on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Mulvihill
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Chao PM, Kuo YH, Lin YS, Chen CH, Chen SW, Kuo YH. The metabolic benefits of Polygonum hypoleucum Ohwi in HepG2 cells and Wistar rats under lipogenic stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:5174-80. [PMID: 20230058 DOI: 10.1021/jf100046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is one approach used for treating metabolic syndrome. Using partially purified ACC to screen herbs commonly used in Taiwanese folk medicine, we previously showed that an ethanol extract of Polygonum hypoleucum Ohwi (EP) had potent ACC inhibitory activity and partially alleviated metabolic disorders induced by a high fat diet. Since ACC plays a crucial role in de novo lipogenesis, the favorable effects of EP on metabolism were tested under lipogenic conditions in the present study. On incubating high glucose (30 mM)-stimulated HepG2 cells with EP (72.5 or 145 microg/mL), ACC and fatty acid synthase activity, triacylglycerol content, and microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein mRNA levels were all significantly reduced (P < 0.05, vs vehicle). When EP was given at low, medium, and high dosages (94, 188, and 470 mg/kg) to sucrose water-treated Wistar rats for four weeks, alleviation of symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension, accompanied by hepatic ACC inactivation, was seen in the low dosage group. Four compounds (emodin, emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin) isolated from EP were identified as ACC inhibitors. These results confirm that P. hypoleucum Ohwi, acting partly through ACC inhibition, has favorable effects in alleviating metabolic disturbances occurring under lipogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Min Chao
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Mulvihill EE, Allister EM, Sutherland BG, Telford DE, Sawyez CG, Edwards JY, Markle JM, Hegele RA, Huff MW. Naringenin prevents dyslipidemia, apolipoprotein B overproduction, and hyperinsulinemia in LDL receptor-null mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes 2009; 58:2198-210. [PMID: 19592617 PMCID: PMC2750228 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The global epidemic of metabolic syndrome and its complications demands rapid evaluation of new and accessible interventions. Insulin resistance is the central biochemical disturbance in the metabolic syndrome. The citrus-derived flavonoid, naringenin, has lipid-lowering properties and inhibits VLDL secretion from cultured hepatocytes in a manner resembling insulin. We evaluated whether naringenin regulates lipoprotein production and insulin sensitivity in the context of insulin resistance in vivo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS LDL receptor-null (Ldlr(-/-)) mice fed a high-fat (Western) diet (42% calories from fat and 0.05% cholesterol) become dyslipidemic, insulin and glucose intolerant, and obese. Four groups of mice (standard diet, Western, and Western plus 1% or 3% wt/wt naringenin) were fed ad libitum for 4 weeks. VLDL production and parameters of insulin and glucose tolerance were determined. RESULTS We report that naringenin treatment of Ldlr(-/-) mice fed a Western diet corrected VLDL overproduction, ameliorated hepatic steatosis, and attenuated dyslipidemia without affecting caloric intake or fat absorption. Naringenin 1) increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator 1alpha/PPARalpha-mediated transcription program; 2) prevented sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c-mediated lipogenesis in both liver and muscle by reducing fasting hyperinsulinemia; 3) decreased hepatic cholesterol and cholesterol ester synthesis; 4) reduced both VLDL-derived and endogenously synthesized fatty acids, preventing muscle triglyceride accumulation; and 5) improved overall insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Thus, naringenin, through its correction of many of the metabolic disturbances linked to insulin resistance, represents a promising therapeutic approach for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Mulvihill
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma M. Allister
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian G. Sutherland
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn E. Telford
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia G. Sawyez
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Y. Edwards
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet M. Markle
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Blackburn Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray W. Huff
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Murray W. Huff,
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Liu L, Shan S, Zhang K, Ning ZQ, Lu XP, Cheng YY. Naringenin and hesperetin, two flavonoids derived from Citrus aurantium up-regulate transcription of adiponectin. Phytother Res 2008; 22:1400-3. [PMID: 18690615 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The dried, immature fruit of Citrus aurantium L., 'Zhiqiao' in Chinese, has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Naringenin and hesperetin and their glycosides present in considerable amounts (about 10 approximately 15%) in the herb. The aim of this study is to test whether naringenin and hesperetin influence adiponectin expression, which plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism with antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Treatment with naringenin and hesperetin enhanced adiponectin transcription in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Both naringenin and hesperetin induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma-controlled luciferase expression in a dose-dependent manner (20-160 microM), whereas only naringenin possessed significant activity to activate PPARalpha. These results suggested the two flavonoids might exert antiatherogenic effects partly through activating PPAR and up-regulating adiponectin expression in adipocytes. Our findings give new insight for the molecular explanations for the therapeutic effects of Zhiqiao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zijin'gang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Purushotham A, Tian M, Belury MA. The citrus fruit flavonoid naringenin suppresses hepatic glucose production from Fao hepatoma cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 53:300-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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