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Yao W, Hu X, Wang X. Crossing epigenetic frontiers: the intersection of novel histone modifications and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:232. [PMID: 39278916 PMCID: PMC11403012 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs), as one of the core mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, are garnering increasing attention due to their close association with the onset and progression of diseases and their potential as targeted therapeutic agents. Advances in high-throughput molecular tools and the abundance of bioinformatics data have led to the discovery of novel HPTMs which similarly affect gene expression, metabolism, and chromatin structure. Furthermore, a growing body of research has demonstrated that novel histone modifications also play crucial roles in the development and progression of various diseases, including various cancers, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, psychiatric disorders, and reproductive system diseases. This review defines nine novel histone modifications: lactylation, citrullination, crotonylation, succinylation, SUMOylation, propionylation, butyrylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, and 2-hydroxybutyrylation. It comprehensively introduces the modification processes of these nine novel HPTMs, their roles in transcription, replication, DNA repair and recombination, metabolism, and chromatin structure, as well as their involvement in promoting the occurrence and development of various diseases and their clinical applications as therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers. Moreover, this review provides a detailed overview of novel HPTM inhibitors targeting various targets and their emerging strategies in the treatment of multiple diseases while offering insights into their future development prospects and challenges. Additionally, we briefly introduce novel epigenetic research techniques and their applications in the field of novel HPTM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Yao
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xinting Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
- Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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2
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Sai Varshini M, Aishwarya Reddy R, Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy P. Unlocking hope: GSK-3 inhibitors and Wnt pathway activation in Alzheimer's therapy. J Drug Target 2024; 32:909-917. [PMID: 38838023 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2365263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive cognitive decline and the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles. The Wnt signalling pathway known for its crucial role in neurodevelopment and adult neurogenesis has emerged as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in AD. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β), a key regulator of the Wnt pathway, plays a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis by promoting tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that inhibiting GSK-3β leads to the activation of Wnt pathway thereby promoting neuroprotective effects, and mitigating cognitive deficits in AD animal models. The modulation of Wnt signalling appears to have multifaceted benefits including the reduction of amyloid-β production, tau hyperphosphorylation, enhancement of synaptic plasticity, and inhibition of neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that targeting GSK-3β to activate Wnt pathway may represent a novel approach for slowing or halting the progression of AD. This hypothesis reviews the current state of research exploring the activation of Wnt pathway through the inhibition of GSK-3β as a promising therapeutic strategy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magham Sai Varshini
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | - Ramakkamma Aishwarya Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
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3
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Benghanem S, Mesli F, Fatima Zohra HA, Nacereddine C, Hadjer C, Abdellatif M. Discovery of novel and highly potential inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3β) through structure-based pharmacophore modeling, virtual computational screening, docking and in silico ADMET analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:7091-7106. [PMID: 37498130 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2238062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The protein Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-Beta (GSK-3β), is a promising therapeutic target for treating various diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, inflammation and cancer. This study aims to investigate the potential of compounds targeting inflammation or carbohydrate metabolism to selectively inhibit GSK3β by binding to its ATP site. To achieve this goal, we filtered a database of 49367 molecules involved in carbohydrate metabolism or targeting inflammation using various computational analyses, including pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, dynamic simulation, prime MM-GBSA calculation, and in silico ADME studies. We generated a pharmacophore model (hypo S: AADDHRR) using two different crystallographic complexes of GSK3β and evaluated the model's performance in identifying hits using various parameters, including EF, GH, ROC, AUC and BEDROC. Subsequently, we performed various dockings (HTVS, SP, XP and IFD) for the retrieved hits and found that, 5 out of the top 10 ranked compounds had the scaffold of pyrazolidine 3,5-dione, which has never been reported to inhibit kinases. We also conducted ADMET studies to and concluded that compound N6 exhibited the best pharmacokinetic profile passing the blood-brain barrier, possessing high lipophilicity and a high coefficient of skin permeability in the intestines, along with good bioavailability and low toxicity risk assessment. Dynamic simulation were also performed indicating that compounds N6 derived from pyrazolidine 3,5-dione demonstrated better binding potential for GSK3β during the simulation period. Therefore, we propose that compounds derived from pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, which modulate the activity of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase could serve as a novel scaffold for the selective inhibition of GSK-3β.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Benghanem
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry, Tlemcen University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Mesli
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Natural and Bio-Actives Substances, Tlemcen University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Hadjadj Aoul Fatima Zohra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry, Benyoucef Benkhadda University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Chaida Nacereddine
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry, Tlemcen University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Chenaffa Hadjer
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry, Tlemcen University, Tlemcen, Algeria
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4
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Shen Y, Zhao M, Zhao P, Meng L, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Taishi Y, Sun L. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of lithium in Alzheimer's disease: repurposing an old class of drugs. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1408462. [PMID: 39055498 PMCID: PMC11269163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1408462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Despite advances in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, effective treatments remain scarce. Lithium salts, recognized as mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder, have been extensively studied for their neuroprotective effects. Several studies indicate that lithium may be a disease-modifying agent in the treatment of AD. Lithium's neuroprotective properties in AD by acting on multiple neuropathological targets, such as reducing amyloid deposition and tau phosphorylation, enhancing autophagy, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity, regulating cholinergic and glucose metabolism, inhibiting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, while preserving mitochondrial function. Clinical trials have demonstrated that lithium therapy can improve cognitive function in patients with AD. In particular, meta-analyses have shown that lithium may be a more effective and safer treatment than the recently FDA-approved aducanumab for improving cognitive function in patients with AD. The affordability and therapeutic efficacy of lithium have prompted a reassessment of its use. However, the use of lithium may lead to potential side effects and safety issues, which may limit its clinical application. Currently, several new lithium formulations are undergoing clinical trials to improve safety and efficacy. This review focuses on lithium's mechanism of action in treating AD, highlighting the latest advances in preclinical studies and clinical trials. It also explores the side effects of lithium therapy and coping strategies, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yezi Taishi
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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5
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Fessel J. Special Issue "Pathophysiology and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6015. [PMID: 38892203 PMCID: PMC11173226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of clinical trials, whose primary aims were to moderate Alzheimer's dementia (AD), have been based upon the prevailing paradigm, i [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Fessel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 2069 Filbert Street, San Francisco, CA 94123, USA
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Wang C, Cui Y, Xu T, Zhou Y, Yang R, Wang T. New insights into glycogen synthase kinase-3: A common target for neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115923. [PMID: 37981175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in a wide variety of cellular processes to coordinate catabolic and anabolic pathways and regulate cell growth and fate. There is increasing evidence showing that abnormal glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of many disorders, such as cancer, diabetes, psychiatric diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings about the regulatory role of GSK-3 in the occurrence and development of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, mainly focusing on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The aim of this study is to provide new insight into the shared working mechanism of GSK-3 as a therapeutic target of multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Institute of Brain Sciences and Related Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Institute of Brain Sciences and Related Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China; Department of Health and Life Science, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China.
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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7
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Gamit N, Patil M, B Sundrappa S, Sundaram SM, Sethi G, Dharmarajan A, Warrier S. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived rapid drug screening system for Alzheimer's disease for the identification of novel drugs. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1496-1512. [PMID: 37571798 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A reliable and efficient in vitro model is needed to screen drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), as many drugs are currently in the developmental stage. To address this, we developed an in vitro model using amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AM-MSCs) to screen novel drugs for AD. We differentiated AM-MSCs into neurons and degenerated them using beta amyloid1-42 (Aß). We then tested AD drugs, which are commercially available such as donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine, citicoline, and two novel drugs, that is, probucol, an anti-hyperlipidaemic drug, and NMJ-2, a cinnamic acid analogue for their potential to protect the cells against neurodegeneration. We used gene expression and immunofluorescence staining to assess the neuroprotective ability of these drugs. We also measured the ability of these drugs to reduce lactate dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide levels, as well as their ability to stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential and increase acetylcholine (ACh) levels. The AD drugs and novel drugs reduced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, and restored ACh levels. Furthermore, they reduced BACE1 expression, with a concomitant increase in the expression of cholinergic markers. This AM-MSCs-based AD-like model has immense potential to be an accurate human model and an alternative to animal models for testing a large number of lead compounds in a short time. Our results also suggest that the novel drugs probucol and NMJ-2 may protect against Aß-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisarg Gamit
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - Manasi Patil
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - Soumya B Sundrappa
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - S Mohana Sundaram
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Kakraba S, Ayyadevara S, Mainali N, Balasubramaniam M, Bowroju S, Penthala NR, Atluri R, Barger SW, Griffin ST, Crooks PA, Shmookler Reis RJ. Thiadiazolidinone (TDZD) Analogs Inhibit Aggregation-Mediated Pathology in Diverse Neurodegeneration Models, and Extend C. elegans Life- and Healthspan. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1498. [PMID: 37895969 PMCID: PMC10610358 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic, low-grade inflammation has been implicated in aging and age-dependent conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, cardiomyopathy, and cancer. One of the age-associated processes underlying chronic inflammation is protein aggregation, which is implicated in neuroinflammation and a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases. We screened a panel of bioactive thiadiazolidinones (TDZDs) from our in-house library for rescue of protein aggregation in human-cell and C. elegans models of neurodegeneration. Among the tested TDZD analogs, PNR886 and PNR962 were most effective, significantly reducing both the number and intensity of Alzheimer-like tau and amyloid aggregates in human cell-culture models of pathogenic aggregation. A C. elegans strain expressing human Aβ1-42 in muscle, leading to AD-like amyloidopathy, developed fewer and smaller aggregates after PNR886 or PNR962 treatment. Moreover, age-progressive paralysis was reduced 90% by PNR886 and 75% by PNR962, and "healthspan" (the median duration of spontaneous motility) was extended 29% and 62%, respectively. These TDZD analogs also extended wild-type C. elegans lifespan by 15-30% (p < 0.001), placing them among the most effective life-extension drugs. Because the lead drug in this family, TDZD-8, inhibits GSK3β, we used molecular-dynamic tools to assess whether these analogs may also target GSK3β. In silico modeling predicted that PNR886 or PNR962 would bind to the same allosteric pocket of inactive GSK3β as TDZD-8, employing the same pharmacophore but attaching with greater avidity. PNR886 and PNR962 are thus compelling candidate drugs for treatment of tau- and amyloid-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, potentially also reducing all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kakraba
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (M.B.); (R.A.); (S.W.B.); (S.T.G.)
| | - Srinivas Ayyadevara
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (M.B.); (R.A.); (S.W.B.); (S.T.G.)
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Nirjal Mainali
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (M.B.); (R.A.); (S.W.B.); (S.T.G.)
| | - Meenakshisundaram Balasubramaniam
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (M.B.); (R.A.); (S.W.B.); (S.T.G.)
| | - Suresh Bowroju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.B.); (N.R.P.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Narsimha Reddy Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.B.); (N.R.P.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Ramani Atluri
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (M.B.); (R.A.); (S.W.B.); (S.T.G.)
| | - Steven W. Barger
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (M.B.); (R.A.); (S.W.B.); (S.T.G.)
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Sue T. Griffin
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (M.B.); (R.A.); (S.W.B.); (S.T.G.)
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Peter A. Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.B.); (N.R.P.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Robert J. Shmookler Reis
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (M.B.); (R.A.); (S.W.B.); (S.T.G.)
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Shim SS, Berglund K, Yu SP. Lithium: An Old Drug for New Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia. NEURODEGENER DIS 2023; 23:1-12. [PMID: 37666228 DOI: 10.1159/000533797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, the effective treatment of AD is not available currently. Multiple trials of drugs, which were developed based on the amyloid hypothesis of AD, have not been highly successful to improve cognitive and other symptoms in AD patients, suggesting that it is necessary to explore additional and alternative approaches for the disease-modifying treatment of AD. The diverse lines of evidence have revealed that lithium reduces amyloid and tau pathology, attenuates neuronal loss, enhances synaptic plasticity, and improves cognitive function. Clinical studies have shown that lithium reduces the risk of AD and deters the progress of mild cognitive impairment and early AD. SUMMARY Our recent study has revealed that lithium stabilizes disruptive calcium homeostasis, and subsequently, attenuates the downstream neuropathogenic processes of AD. Through these therapeutic actions, lithium produces therapeutic effects on AD with potential to modify the disease process. This review critically analyzed the preclinical and clinical studies for the therapeutic effects of lithium on AD. We suggest that disruptive calcium homeostasis is likely to be the early neuropathological mechanism of AD, and the stabilization of disruptive calcium homeostasis by lithium would be associated with its therapeutic effects on neuropathology and cognitive deficits in AD. KEY MESSAGES Lithium is likely to be efficacious for AD as a disease-modifying drug by acting on multiple neuropathological targets including disruptive calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Sool Shim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Mental Health Service Line, Department of Veteran's Affair, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Ken Berglund
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Yu J, Wu D, Zhao Y, Guo L, Liu P. Study on multi-target effects of PIMPC on Aβ/Cu 2+-induced Alzheimer's disease model of rats. Brain Res 2023; 1802:148226. [PMID: 36586663 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been linked with the formation of β-amyloid (Aβ), tubulin-associated unit (tau) protein phosphorylation and apoptosis. Moreover, the excessive presence of elements such as copper (Cu) can promote Aβ aggregation and increase the risk of AD. Combined with the role of GSK-3 and metal elements in AD, a metal-chelating imine GSK-3 inhibitor N-(4-{[(2-amino-5-phenylpyridin-3-ylidene)imino]methyl}pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide (PIMPC) was designed and synthesized. In our study, Aβ/Cu2+-induced AD rat model was established and treated with PIMPC. The results indicated that PIMPC can not only down-regulate the high expression levels of Aβ, tau and p-tau proteins of the AD rats, but also chelate Cu and aluminum (Al) elements in the brain. In addition, PIMPC may play an anti-apoptotic effect by down-regulating the high expression of cleaved Caspase-3 protein, and it can modulate ATPase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter disturbance. In summary, PIMPC acts on multiple targets to relieve the learning and memory impairment of AD rats induced by Aβ/Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasi Yu
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linli Guo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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11
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Wiseman AL, Briggs CA, Peritt A, Kapecki N, Peterson DA, Shim SS, Stutzmann GE. Lithium Provides Broad Therapeutic Benefits in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:273-290. [PMID: 36442195 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a progressive loss of cognitive function. Currently, no effective treatment regimen is available. Lithium, a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, exerts broad neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions and improves cognitive function. OBJECTIVE The study investigated if lithium stabilizes Ca2+ signaling abnormalities in hippocampal neurons and subsequently normalize downstream effects on AD neuropathology and synaptic plasticity in young AD mice. METHODS Four-month-old 3xTg-AD mice were treated with a LiCl diet chow for 30 days. At the end of the lithium treatment, a combination of two-photon Ca2+ imaging, electrophysiology, and immunohistochemistry assays were used to assess the effects of the LiCl treatment on inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC)-mediated Ca2+ signaling in CA1 neurons, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and overlying cortex from 3xTg-ADmice. RESULTS Thirty-day LiCl treatment reduced aberrant IP3R-dependent ER Ca2+ and VGCC-mediated Ca2+ signaling in CA1 pyramidal neurons from 3xTg-AD mice and restored neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels to control levels in the hippocampal subfields and overlying cortex. The LiCl treatment enhanced post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), a form of short-term plasticity in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION The study found that lithium exerts therapeutic effects across several AD-associated early neuronal signaling abnormalities including aberrant Ca2+ signaling, nNOS, and p-tau formation and enhances short-term synaptic plasticity. Lithium could serve as an effective treatment or co-therapeutic for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Wiseman
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clark A Briggs
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariel Peritt
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Sackler School of Medicine, New York State/American Program of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicolas Kapecki
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel A Peterson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seong S Shim
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, Mental Health, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Lin CH, Hsieh YS, Sun YC, Huang WH, Chen SL, Weng ZK, Lin TH, Wu YR, Chang KH, Huang HJ, Lee GC, Hsieh-Li HM, Lee-Chen GJ. Virtual Screening and Testing of GSK-3 Inhibitors Using Human SH-SY5Y Cells Expressing Tau Folding Reporter and Mouse Hippocampal Primary Culture under Tau Cytotoxicity. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:127-138. [PMID: 35790892 PMCID: PMC9810448 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is an important serine/threonine kinase that implicates in multiple cellular processes and links with the neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, structure-based virtual screening was performed to search database for compounds targeting GSK-3β from Enamine's screening collection. Of the top-ranked compounds, 7 primary hits underwent a luminescent kinase assay and a cell assay using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells expressing Tau repeat domain (TauRD) with pro-aggregant mutation ΔK280. In the kinase assay for these 7 compounds, residual GSK-3β activities ranged from 36.1% to 90.0% were detected at the IC50 of SB-216763. In the cell assay, only compounds VB-030 and VB-037 reduced Tau aggregation in SH-SY5Y cells expressing ΔK280 TauRD-DsRed folding reporter. In SH-SY5Y cells expressing ΔK280 TauRD, neither VB-030 nor VB-037 increased expression of GSK-3α Ser21 or GSK-3β Ser9. Among extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (P38) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (JNK) which modulate Tau phosphorylation, VB-037 attenuated active phosphorylation of P38 Thr180/Tyr182, whereas VB-030 had no effect on the phosphorylation status of ERK, AKT, P38 or JNK. However, both VB-030 and VB-037 reduced endogenous Tau phosphorylation at Ser202, Thr231, Ser396 and Ser404 in neuronally differentiated SH-SY5Y expressing ΔK280 TauRD. In addition, VB-030 and VB-037 further improved neuronal survival and/or neurite length and branch in mouse hippocampal primary culture under Tau cytotoxicity. Overall, through inhibiting GSK-3β kinase activity and/or p-P38 (Thr180/Tyr182), both compounds may serve as promising candidates to reduce Tau aggregation/cytotoxicity for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Lin
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shao Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Han Huang
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Chen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Kui Weng
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Jen Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chiun Lee
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan,Corresponding Authors E-mail: (Lee GC), (Hsieh-Li HM), (Lee-Chen GJ), Tel:+886-2-7749-6351 (Lee GC), +886-2-7749-6354 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-7749-6359 (Lee-Chen GJ), Fax:+886-2-2931-2904 (Lee GC), +886-2-2931-2904 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-2931-2904 (Lee-Chen GJ)
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan,Corresponding Authors E-mail: (Lee GC), (Hsieh-Li HM), (Lee-Chen GJ), Tel:+886-2-7749-6351 (Lee GC), +886-2-7749-6354 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-7749-6359 (Lee-Chen GJ), Fax:+886-2-2931-2904 (Lee GC), +886-2-2931-2904 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-2931-2904 (Lee-Chen GJ)
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan,Corresponding Authors E-mail: (Lee GC), (Hsieh-Li HM), (Lee-Chen GJ), Tel:+886-2-7749-6351 (Lee GC), +886-2-7749-6354 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-7749-6359 (Lee-Chen GJ), Fax:+886-2-2931-2904 (Lee GC), +886-2-2931-2904 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-2931-2904 (Lee-Chen GJ)
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13
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Lu Y, Wang G. Targeting epigenetics as a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Takekiyo T, Yamada N, Amo T, Nakazawa CT, Asano A, Ichimura T, Kato M, Yoshimura Y. Dissolution of Amyloid Aggregates by Direct Addition of Alkali Halides. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Wu MS, Li XJ, Liu CY, Xu Q, Huang JQ, Gu S, Chen JX. Effects of Histone Modification in Major Depressive Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1261-1277. [PMID: 34551699 PMCID: PMC9881074 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210922150043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disease associated with many factors; specifically, environmental, genetic, psychological, and biological factors play critical roles. Recent studies have demonstrated that histone modification may occur in the human brain in response to severely stressful events, resulting in transcriptional changes and the development of MDD. In this review, we discuss five different histone modifications, histone methylation, histone acetylation, histone phosphorylation, histone crotonylation and histone β-hydroxybutyrylation, and their relationships with MDD. The utility of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) for MDD treatment is also discussed. As a large number of MDD patients in China have been treated with traditional Chineses medicine (TCM), we also discuss some TCM therapies, such as Xiaoyaosan (XYS), and their effects on histone modification. In summary, targeting histone modification may be a new strategy for elucidating the mechanism of MDD and a new direction for MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Si Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Chen-Yue Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China;
| | - Qiuyue Xu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China;
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Simeng Gu
- Department of Psychology, Jiangsu University Medical School, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; E-mail:
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16
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Ribarič S. Physical Exercise, a Potential Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063245. [PMID: 35328666 PMCID: PMC8952567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review summarises the evidence for considering physical exercise (PE) as a non-pharmacological intervention for delaying cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) not only by improving cardiovascular fitness but also by attenuating neuroinflammation. Ageing is the most important risk factor for AD. A hallmark of the ageing process is a systemic low-grade chronic inflammation that also contributes to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is associated with AD, Parkinson’s disease, late-onset epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and anxiety disorders. Pharmacological treatment of AD is currently limited to mitigating the symptoms and attenuating progression of the disease. AD animal model studies and human studies on patients with a clinical diagnosis of different stages of AD have concluded that PE attenuates cognitive decline not only by improving cardiovascular fitness but possibly also by attenuating neuroinflammation. Therefore, low-grade chronic inflammation and neuroinflammation should be considered potential modifiable risk factors for AD that can be attenuated by PE. This opens the possibility for personalised attenuation of neuroinflammation that could also have important health benefits for patients with other inflammation associated brain disorders (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, late-onset epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and anxiety disorders). In summary, life-long, regular, structured PE should be considered as a supplemental intervention for attenuating the progression of AD in human. Further studies in human are necessary to develop optimal, personalised protocols, adapted to the progression of AD and the individual’s mental and physical limitations, to take full advantage of the beneficial effects of PE that include improved cardiovascular fitness, attenuated systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, stimulated brain Aβ peptides brain catabolism and brain clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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17
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Ogbodo JO, Agbo CP, Njoku UO, Ogugofor MO, Egba SI, Ihim SA, Echezona AC, Brendan KC, Upaganlawar AB, Upasani CD. Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions. Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:2-25. [PMID: 33653258 DOI: 10.2174/1874609814666210302085232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Genetics, excessive exposure to environmental pollutants, as well as unhealthy lifestyle practices are often linked to the development of AD. No therapeutic approach has achieved complete success in treating AD; however, early detection and management with appropriate drugs are key to improving prognosis. INTERVENTIONS The pathogenesis of AD was extensively discussed in order to understand the reasons for the interventions suggested. The interventions reviewed include the use of different therapeutic agents and approaches, gene therapy, adherence to healthy dietary plans (Mediterranean diet, Okinawan diet and MIND diet), as well as the use of medicinal plants. The potential of nanotechnology as a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach in the design of nano-formulations of AD drugs and the use of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) as theranostic tools for early detection of Alzheimer's disease were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Ogbodo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chinazom P Agbo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ugochi O Njoku
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Simeon I Egba
- Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Stella A Ihim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Sureshdada Shriman\'s College of Pharmacy, New Dehli, India
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18
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Identification of molecular signatures and pathways common to blood cells and brain tissue based RNA-Seq datasets of bipolar disorder: Insights from comprehensive bioinformatics approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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19
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Westmark PR, Garrone B, Ombrato R, Milanese C, Di Giorgio FP, Westmark CJ. Testing Fmr1 KO Phenotypes in Response to GSK3 Inhibitors: SB216763 versus AFC03127. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:751307. [PMID: 34690696 PMCID: PMC8529056 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.751307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a proline-directed serine-threonine kinase that is associated with several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and fragile X syndrome (FXS). We tested the efficacy of a novel GSK3 inhibitor AFC03127, which was developed by Angelini Pharma, in comparison to the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 inhibitor 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP) and the GSK3 inhibitor SB216763 in in vivo and in vitro assays in Fmr1KO mice, a mouse model useful for the study of FXS. The in vivo assay tested susceptibility to audiogenic-induced seizures (AGS) whereas the in vitro assays assessed biomarker expression and dendritic spine length and density in cultured primary neurons as a function of drug dose. MPEP and SB216763 attenuated AGS in Fmr1KO mice, whereas AFC03127 did not. MPEP and AFC03127 significantly reduced dendritic expression of amyloid-beta protein precursor (APP). All drugs rescued spine length and the ratio of mature dendritic spines. Spine density was not statistically different between vehicle and GSK3 inhibitor-treated cells. The drugs were tested over a wide concentration range in the in vitro assays to determine dose responses. A bell-shaped dose response decrease in APP expression was observed in response to AFC03127, which was more effective than SB216763. These findings confirm previous studies demonstrating differential effects of various GSK3 inhibitors on AGS propensity in Fmr1KO mice and confirm APP as a downstream biomarker that is responsive to GSK3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R Westmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Cara J Westmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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20
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On the Common Journey of Neural Cells through Ischemic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189689. [PMID: 34575845 PMCID: PMC8472292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease (AD) both lead to cell death in the central nervous system (CNS) and thus negatively affect particularly the elderly population. Due to the lack of a definitive cure for brain ischemia and AD, it is advisable to carefully study, compare, and contrast the mechanisms that trigger, and are involved in, both neuropathologies. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may help ameliorate, or even prevent, the destructive effects of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we deal with ischemic damage and AD, with the main emphasis on the common properties of these CNS disorders. Importantly, we discuss the Wnt signaling pathway as a significant factor in the cell fate determination and cell survival in the diseased adult CNS. Finally, we summarize the interesting findings that may improve or complement the current sparse and insufficient treatments for brain ischemia and AD, and we delineate prospective directions in regenerative medicine.
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21
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Abstract
Neuroepigenetics, a new branch of epigenetics, plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Neuroepigenetics is associated with holistic neuronal function and helps in formation and maintenance of memory and learning processes. This includes neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative defects in which histone modification enzymes appear to play a crucial role. These modifications, carried out by acetyltransferases and deacetylases, regulate biologic and cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell-cycle progression and oxidative stress. Alterations in acetylation status of histone as well as non-histone substrates lead to transcriptional deregulation. Histone deacetylase decreases acetylation status and causes transcriptional repression of regulatory genes involved in neural plasticity, synaptogenesis, synaptic and neural plasticity, cognition and memory, and neural differentiation. Transcriptional deactivation in the brain results in development of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Mounting evidence implicates histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets to combat neurologic disorders. Recent studies have targeted naturally-occurring biomolecules and micro-RNAs to improve cognitive defects and memory. Multi-target drug ligands targeting HDAC have been developed and used in cell-culture and animal-models of neurologic disorders to ameliorate synaptic and cognitive dysfunction. Herein, we focus on the implications of histone deacetylase enzymes in neuropathology, their regulation of brain function and plausible involvement in the pathogenesis of neurologic defects.
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22
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Sharma VK, Mehta V, Singh TG. Alzheimer's Disorder: Epigenetic Connection and Associated Risk Factors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:740-753. [PMID: 31989902 PMCID: PMC7536832 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200128125641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene based therapeutics and drug targets have shown incredible and appreciable advances in alleviating human sufferings and complexities. Epigenetics simply means above genetics or which controls the organism beyond genetics. At present it is very clear that all characteristics of an individual are not determined by DNA alone, rather the environment, stress, life style and nutrition play a vital part in determining the response of an organism. Thus, nature (genetic makeup) and nurture (exposure) play equally important roles in the responses observed, both at the cellular and organism levels. Epigenetics influence plethora of complications at cellular and molecular levels that includes cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular complications including neurological (psychosis) and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease etc.). The epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification and non coding RNA which have substantial impact on progression and pathways linked to Alzheimer’s disease. The epigenetic mechanism gets deregulated in Alzheimer’s disease and is characterized by DNA hyper methylation, deacetylation of histones and general repressed chromatin state which alter gene expression at the transcription level by upregulation, downregulation or silencing of genes. Thus, the processes or modulators of these epigenetic processes have shown vast potential as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Govt. College of Pharmacy, Rohru, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171207, India
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23
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When Good Kinases Go Rogue: GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's and Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115911. [PMID: 34072862 PMCID: PMC8199025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a mostly sporadic brain disorder characterized by cognitive decline resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex whereas Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenic inherited disorder characterized by motor abnormalities and psychiatric disturbances resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the striatum. Although there have been numerous clinical trials for these diseases, they have been unsuccessful. Research conducted over the past three decades by a large number of laboratories has demonstrated that abnormal actions of common kinases play a key role in the pathogenesis of both AD and HD as well as several other neurodegenerative diseases. Prominent among these kinases are glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and some of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). After a brief summary of the molecular and cell biology of AD and HD this review covers what is known about the role of these three groups of kinases in the brain and in the pathogenesis of the two neurodegenerative disorders. The potential of targeting GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKS as effective therapeutics is also discussed as is a brief discussion on the utilization of recently developed drugs that simultaneously target two or all three of these groups of kinases. Multi-kinase inhibitors either by themselves or in combination with strategies currently being used such as immunotherapy or secretase inhibitors for AD and knockdown for HD could represent a more effective therapeutic approach for these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.
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The association between testicular toxicity induced by Li2Co3 and protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum: Alteration of Bax & c-Kit genes expression. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101552. [PMID: 33992978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum has received a lot of attention recently due to its medicinal potential activities. The aim of this designed experiment was to evaluate the beneficial effects of Ganoderma lucidum extract against lithium carbonate induced testicular toxicity and related lesions in mice testis. For this purpose, lithium carbonate at a dose of 30 mg/kg, followed by 75, 150 mg/kg Ganoderma lucidum extract orally were administered for 35 days. The results were obtained from Ganoderma lucidum extract analysis prove contained a large amount of polysaccharides, triterpenoids and poly phenols based on spectrophotometric assay. Also, DPPH assay for Ganoderma lucidum extract showed high level of radical scavenging activity. The hematoxylin & eosin cross section from lithium carbonate treated group exhibited significant alterations in seminiferous tubules. Moreover, lithium carbonate induced oxidative stress via lipid peroxidation and generate MDA (P < 0.001). In addition, lithium carbonate initiated germ cells apoptosis via increase Bax expression (p < 0.001) and reduce germ cells differentiation through down-regulation of c-Kit expression (p < 0.05). Results from CASA showed that sperm parameters like count, motility and viability significantly decreased in lithium treated group (p < 0.001). It is clear that lithium carbonate induce severe damage on male reproductive system and histopathological damages via generation oxidative stress but supplementation with Ganoderma lucidum extract exhibited prevention effects and repaired induced damages.
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25
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Snitow ME, Bhansali RS, Klein PS. Lithium and Therapeutic Targeting of GSK-3. Cells 2021; 10:255. [PMID: 33525562 PMCID: PMC7910927 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium salts have been in the therapeutic toolbox for better or worse since the 19th century, with purported benefit in gout, hangover, insomnia, and early suggestions that lithium improved psychiatric disorders. However, the remarkable effects of lithium reported by John Cade and subsequently by Mogens Schou revolutionized the treatment of bipolar disorder. The known molecular targets of lithium are surprisingly few and include the signaling kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a group of structurally related phosphomonoesterases that includes inositol monophosphatases, and phosphoglucomutase. Here we present a brief history of the therapeutic uses of lithium and then focus on GSK-3 as a therapeutic target in diverse diseases, including bipolar disorder, cancer, and coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter S. Klein
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.E.S.); (R.S.B.)
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Vallée A, Vallée JN, Lecarpentier Y. Parkinson's Disease: Potential Actions of Lithium by Targeting the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Glutamatergic Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:230. [PMID: 33503974 PMCID: PMC7911116 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases (ND) which presents a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra pars compacta. It is well known that oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway play key roles in the development of PD. However, therapies remain uncertain and research for new treatment is mandatory. This review focuses on the potential effects of lithium, as a potential therapeutic strategy, on PD and some of the presumed mechanisms by which lithium provides its benefit properties. Lithium medication downregulates GSK-3beta, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. The stimulation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway. Future prospective clinical trials could focus on lithium and its different and multiple interactions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Hôpital Foch, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 rue Saint-Fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France;
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27
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Is There Justification to Treat Neurodegenerative Disorders by Repurposing Drugs? The Case of Alzheimer's Disease, Lithium, and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010189. [PMID: 33375448 PMCID: PMC7795249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is the prototype mood-stabilizer used for acute and long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. Cumulated translational research of lithium indicated the drug's neuroprotective characteristics and, thereby, has raised the option of repurposing it as a drug for neurodegenerative diseases. Lithium's neuroprotective properties rely on its modulation of homeostatic mechanisms such as inflammation, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. This myriad of intracellular responses are, possibly, consequences of the drug's inhibition of the enzymes inositol-monophosphatase (IMPase) and glycogen-synthase-kinase (GSK)-3. Here we review lithium's neurobiological properties as evidenced by its neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties, as well as translational studies in cells in culture, in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in patients, discussing the rationale for the drug's use in the treatment of AD.
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28
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Calabrò M, Rinaldi C, Santoro G, Crisafulli C. The biological pathways of Alzheimer disease: a review. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 8:86-132. [PMID: 33490374 PMCID: PMC7815481 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mainly affecting older people, which severely impairs patients' quality of life. In the recent years, the number of affected individuals has seen a rapid increase. It is estimated that up to 107 million subjects will be affected by 2050 worldwide. Research in this area has revealed a lot about the biological and environmental underpinnings of Alzheimer, especially its correlation with β-Amyloid and Tau related mechanics; however, the precise molecular events and biological pathways behind the disease are yet to be discovered. In this review, we focus our attention on the biological mechanics that may lie behind Alzheimer development. In particular, we briefly describe the genetic elements and discuss about specific biological processes potentially associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
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29
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Rocha NKR, Themoteo R, Brentani H, Forlenza OV, De Paula VDJR. Neuronal-Glial Interaction in a Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Gene Ontology and Lithium Pathways. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:579984. [PMID: 33335468 PMCID: PMC7737403 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.579984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal-glial interactions are critical for brain homeostasis, and disruption of this process may lead to excessive glial activation and inadequate pro-inflammatory responses. Abnormalities in neuronal-glial interactions have been reported in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where lithium has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects, including the up-regulation of cytoprotective proteins. In the present study, we characterize by Gene Ontology (GO) the signaling pathways related to neuronal-glial interactions in response to lithium in a triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3×-TgAD). Mice were treated for 8 months with lithium carbonate (Li) supplemented to chow, using two dose ranges to yield subtherapeutic working concentrations (Li1, 1.0 g/kg; and Li2, 2.0 g/kg of chow), or with standard chow (Li0). The hippocampi were removed and analyzed by proteomics. A neuronal-glial interaction network was created by a systematic literature search, and the selected genes were submitted to STRING, a functional network to analyze protein interactions. Proteomics data and neuronal-glial interactomes were compared by GO using ClueGo (Cytoscape plugin) with p ≤ 0.05. The proportional effects of neuron-glia interactions were determined on three GO domains: (i) biological process; (ii) cellular component; and (iii) molecular function. The gene ontology of this enriched network of genes was further stratified according to lithium treatments, with statistically significant effects observed in the Li2 group (as compared to controls) for the GO domains biological process and cellular component. In the former, there was an even distribution of the interactions occurring at the following functions: “positive regulation of protein localization to membrane,” “regulation of protein localization to cell periphery,” “oligodendrocyte differentiation,” and “regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane.” In cellular component, interactions were also balanced for “myelin sheath” and “rough endoplasmic reticulum.” We conclude that neuronal-glial interactions are implicated in the neuroprotective response mediated by lithium in the hippocampus of AD-transgenic mice. The effect of lithium on homeostatic pathways mediated by the interaction between neurons and glial cells are implicated in membrane permeability, protein synthesis and DNA repair, which may be relevant for the survival of nerve cells amidst AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kemberly R Rocha
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia (LIM23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Themoteo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Brentani
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia (LIM23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orestes V Forlenza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa De Jesus Rodrigues De Paula
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia (LIM23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Structural modeling of GSK3β implicates the inactive (DFG-out) conformation as the target bound by TDZD analogs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18326. [PMID: 33110096 PMCID: PMC7591898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) controls many physiological pathways, and is implicated in many diseases including Alzheimer’s and several cancers. GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of target residues in microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPTAU) contributes to MAPTAU hyperphosphorylation and subsequent formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Inhibitors of GSK3β protect against Alzheimer’s disease and are therapeutic for several cancers. A thiadiazolidinone drug, TDZD-8, is a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor targeting GSK3β with demonstrated efficacy against multiple diseases. However, no experimental data or models define the binding mode of TDZD-8 with GSK3β, which chiefly reflects our lack of an established inactive conformation for this protein. Here, we used metadynamic simulation to predict the three-dimensional structure of the inactive conformation of GSK3β. Our model predicts that phosphorylation of GSK3β Serine9 would hasten the DFG-flip to an inactive state. Molecular docking and simulation predict the TDZD-8 binding conformation of GSK3β to be inactive, and are consistent with biochemical evidence for the TDZD-8–interacting residues of GSK3β. We also identified the pharmacophore and assessed binding efficacy of second-generation TDZD analogs (TDZD-10 and Tideglusib) that bind GSK3β as non-ATP-competitive inhibitors. Based on these results, the predicted inactive conformation of GSK3β can facilitate the identification of novel GSK3β inhibitors of high potency and specificity.
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31
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Cortés‐Gómez M, Llorens‐Álvarez E, Alom J, del Ser T, Avila J, Sáez‐Valero J, García‐Ayllón M. Tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3β modulates enzyme acetylcholinesterase expression. J Neurochem 2020; 157:2091-2105. [PMID: 32955735 PMCID: PMC8359467 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) co‐localizes with hyperphosphorylated tau (P‐tau) within neurofibrillary tangles. Having demonstrated that AChE expression is increased in the transgenic mouse model of tau Tg‐VLW, here we examined whether modulating phosphorylated tau levels by over‐expressing wild‐type human tau and glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) influences AChE expression. In SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing higher levels of P‐tau, AChE activity and protein increased by (20% ± 2%) and (440% ± 150%), respectively. Western blots and qPCR assays showed that this increment mostly corresponded to the cholinergic ACHE‐T variant, for which the protein and transcript levels increased ~60% and ~23%, respectively. Moreover, in SH‐SY5Y cells differentiated into neurons by exposure to retinoic acid (10 µM), over‐expression of GSK3β and tau provokes an imbalance in cholinergic activity with a decrease in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cell (45 ± 10%). Finally, we obtained cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients enrolled on a clinical trial of tideglusib, an irreversible GSK3β inhibitor. In CSF of patients that received a placebo, there was an increase in AChE activity (35 ± 16%) respect to basal levels, probably because of their treatment with AChE inhibitors. However, this increase was not observed in tideglusib‐treated patients. Moreover, CSF levels of P‐tau at the beginning measured by commercially ELISA kits correlated with AChE activity. In conclusion, this study shows that P‐tau can modulate AChE expression and it suggests that AChE may possibly increase in the initial phases of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María‐Ángeles Cortés‐Gómez
- Hospital General Universitario de ElcheFISABIOUnidad de InvestigaciónElcheSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de AlicanteUniversidad Miguel Hernández‐CSICSant Joan d’AlacantSpain
| | - Esther Llorens‐Álvarez
- Hospital General Universitario de ElcheFISABIOUnidad de InvestigaciónElcheSpain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de AlicanteUniversidad Miguel Hernández‐CSICSant Joan d’AlacantSpain
| | - Jordi Alom
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
- Servicio de NeurologíaHospital General Universitario de ElcheFISABIOElcheSpain
| | - Teodoro del Ser
- Alzheimer’s Disease Investigation Research UnitCIEN FoundationQueen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Research CenterMadridSpain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
- Department of Molecular NeuropathologyCentro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa'CBMSOCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Javier Sáez‐Valero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de AlicanteUniversidad Miguel Hernández‐CSICSant Joan d’AlacantSpain
| | - María‐Salud García‐Ayllón
- Hospital General Universitario de ElcheFISABIOUnidad de InvestigaciónElcheSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de AlicanteUniversidad Miguel Hernández‐CSICSant Joan d’AlacantSpain
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32
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Burdick KE, Millett CE, Russo M, Alda M, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Anand A, Balaraman Y, Berrettini W, Bertram H, Calabrese JR, Calkin C, Conroy C, Coryell W, DeModena A, Feeder S, Fisher C, Frazier N, Frye M, Gao K, Garnham J, Gershon ES, Glazer K, Goes FS, Goto T, Harrington GJ, Jakobsen P, Kamali M, Kelly M, Leckband S, Løberg EM, Lohoff FW, Maihofer AX, McCarthy MJ, McInnis M, Morken G, Nievergelt CM, Nurnberger J, Oedegaard KJ, Ortiz A, Ritchey M, Ryan K, Schinagle M, Schwebel C, Shaw M, Shilling P, Slaney C, Stapp E, Tarwater B, Zandi P, Kelsoe JR. The association between lithium use and neurocognitive performance in patients with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1743-1749. [PMID: 32349118 PMCID: PMC7419515 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lithium remains the gold standard for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD); however, its use has declined over the years mainly due to the side effects and the subjective experience of cognitive numbness reported by patients. In the present study, we aim to methodically test the effects of lithium on neurocognitive functioning in the largest single cohort (n = 262) of BD patients reported to date by harnessing the power of a multi-site, ongoing clinical trial of lithium monotherapy. At the cross-sectional level, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to examine potential group differences across neurocognitive tests [California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT trials 1-5,CVLT delayed recall), Wechsler Digit Symbol, Trail-making Test parts A and B (TMT-A; TMT-B), and a global cognition index]. At the longitudinal level, on a subset of patients (n = 88) who achieved mood stabilization with lithium monotherapy, we explored the effect of lithium treatment across time on neurocognitive functioning. There were no differences at baseline between BD patients that were taking lithium compared with those that were not. At follow-up a significant neurocognitive improvement in the global cognitive index score [F = 31.69; p < 0.001], CVLT trials 1-5 [F = 29.81; p < 0.001], CVLT delayed recall [F = 15.27; p < 0.001], and TMT-B [F = 6.64, p = 0.012] was detected. The cross-sectional and longitudinal (on a subset of 88 patients) investigations suggest that lithium may be beneficial to neurocognitive functioning in patients with BD and that at the very least it does not seem to significantly impair cognition when used therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Burdick
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,James J Peters Veteran Administration (VA) Hospital, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Caitlin E. Millett
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Manuela Russo
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Alda
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2 Canada
| | | | - Amit Anand
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XIndiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Yokesh Balaraman
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XIndiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Wade Berrettini
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Holli Bertram
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Joseph R. Calabrese
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Cynthia Calkin
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2 Canada
| | - Carla Conroy
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - William Coryell
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Anna DeModena
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Scott Feeder
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Carrie Fisher
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XIndiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Nicole Frazier
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Mark Frye
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Keming Gao
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Julie Garnham
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2 Canada
| | - Elliot S. Gershon
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Kara Glazer
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Fernando S. Goes
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Toyomi Goto
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | | | - Petter Jakobsen
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443NORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Masoud Kamali
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Marisa Kelly
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Susan Leckband
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Else Marie Løberg
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443NORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Adam X. Maihofer
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Michael J. McCarthy
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Melvin McInnis
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Gunnar Morken
- grid.412835.90000 0004 0627 2891Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - John Nurnberger
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XIndiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Ketil J. Oedegaard
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443NORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Abigail Ortiz
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Megan Ritchey
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kelly Ryan
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Martha Schinagle
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Candice Schwebel
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Martha Shaw
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Paul Shilling
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Claire Slaney
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2 Canada
| | - Emma Stapp
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Bruce Tarwater
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Peter Zandi
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John R. Kelsoe
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
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33
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Griffith CM, Macklin LN, Cai Y, Sharp AA, Yan XX, Reagan LP, Strader AD, Rose GM, Patrylo PR. Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Reduced Plasma Insulin Precede Decreased AKT Phosphorylation and GLUT3 Translocation in the Hippocampus of Old 3xTg-AD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:809-837. [PMID: 30775979 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can exhibit impaired peripheral glucose tolerance. Further, in the APP/PS1 mouse model, this is observed prior to the appearance of AD-related neuropathology (e.g., amyloid-β plaques; Aβ) or cognitive impairment. In the current study, we examined whether impaired glucose tolerance also preceded AD-like changes in the triple transgenic model of AD (3xTg-AD). Glucose tolerance testing (GTT), insulin ELISAs, and insulin tolerance testing (ITT) were performed at ages prior to (1-3 months and 6-8 months old) and post-pathology (16-18 months old). Additionally, we examined for altered insulin signaling in the hippocampus. Western blots were used to evaluate the two-primary insulin signaling pathways: PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK. Since the PI3K/AKT pathway affects several downstream targets associated with metabolism (e.g., GSK3, glucose transporters), western blots were used to examine possible alterations in the expression, translocation, or activation of these targets. We found that 3xTg-AD mice display impaired glucose tolerance as early as 1 month of age, concomitant with a decrease in plasma insulin levels well prior to the detection of plaques (∼14 months old), aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau (∼18 months old), and cognitive decline (≥18 months old). These alterations in peripheral metabolism were seen at all time points examined. In comparison, PI3K/AKT, but not MAPK/ERK, signaling was altered in the hippocampus only in 18-20-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, a time point at which there was a reduction in GLUT3 translocation to the plasma membrane. Taken together, our results provide further evidence that disruptions in energy metabolism may represent a foundational step in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Griffith
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Lauren N Macklin
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Andrew A Sharp
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,WJB Dorn Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - April D Strader
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Gregory M Rose
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Peter R Patrylo
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
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34
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Beneficial effects of low-dose lithium on cognitive ability and pathological alteration of Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice model. Neuroreport 2020; 31:943-951. [PMID: 32639272 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lithium has been shown to delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease to reduce the prevalence of dementia. However, its narrow therapeutic index and numerous toxic effects at conventional dosage limited its long-term use to older subjects. Here, we tested the effect of low-dose lithium on cognitive impairment and pathology alterations in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, the amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) transgenic mouse. We found that both chronic and acute administration of lithium dose-dependently increased in blood and brain tissues. Long-term administration of low-dose lithium does not affect the body weight of APP/PS1 mice, but can significantly improve spatial memory of APP/PS1 mice. Pathologically, it also reduced β-amyloid plague and p-tau levels. Therefore, our results show that long-term low-dose lithium can ameliorate cognitive dysfunction and pathological alterations of Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice, and provide a theoretical basis for the further application of low-dose lithium in Alzheimer's disease clinical treatment.
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Lee MY, Lee J, Hyeon SJ, Cho H, Hwang YJ, Shin J, McKee AC, Kowall NW, Kim J, Stein TD, Hwang D, Ryu H. Epigenome signatures landscaped by histone H3K9me3 are associated with the synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13153. [PMID: 32419307 PMCID: PMC7294781 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the commonest cause of dementia in the elderly remain incompletely understood. Recently, epigenetic modifications have been shown to play a potential role in neurodegeneration, but the specific involvement of epigenetic signatures landscaped by heterochromatin has not been studied in AD. Herein, we discovered that H3K9me3-mediated heterochromatin condensation is elevated in the cortex of sporadic AD postmortem brains. In order to identify which epigenomes are modulated by heterochromatin, we performed H3K9me3-chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing and mRNA-sequencing on postmortem brains from normal subjects and AD patients. The integrated analyses of genome-wide ChIP- and mRNA-sequencing data identified epigenomes that were highly occupied by H3K9me3 and inversely correlated with their mRNA expression levels in AD. Biological network analysis further revealed H3K9me3-landscaped epigenomes to be mainly involved in synaptic transmission, neuronal differentiation, and cell motility. Together, our data show that the abnormal heterochromatin remodeling by H3K9me3 leads to down-regulation of synaptic function-related genes, suggesting that the epigenetic alteration by H3K9me3 is associated with the synaptic pathology of sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junghee Lee
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University Alzheimer’s Disease CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Center for NeuromedicineBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyesun Cho
- Genome Medicine Institute and Department of BiochemistrySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yu Jin Hwang
- Center for NeuromedicineBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jong‐Yeon Shin
- Genome Medicine Institute and Department of BiochemistrySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ann C. McKee
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University Alzheimer’s Disease CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA,Center for the Study of Traumatic EncephalopathyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Neil W. Kowall
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University Alzheimer’s Disease CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Jong‐Il Kim
- Genome Medicine Institute and Department of BiochemistrySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Thor D. Stein
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University Alzheimer’s Disease CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University Alzheimer’s Disease CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA,Center for NeuromedicineBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoulSouth Korea
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Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals Phosphodiesterase 4D-Interacting Protein as a Key Frontal Cortex Dementia Switch Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113787. [PMID: 32471155 PMCID: PMC7313474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that initiate dementia are poorly understood and there are currently no treatments that can slow their progression. The identification of key genes and molecular pathways that may trigger dementia should help reveal potential therapeutic reagents. In this study, SWItch Miner software was used to identify phosphodiesterase 4D-interacting protein as a key factor that may lead to the development of Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Inflammation, PI3K-AKT, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were identified as the main pathways that are dysregulated in these dementias. All of these dementias are regulated by 12 shared transcription factors. Protein–chemical interaction network analysis of dementia switch genes revealed that valproic acid may be neuroprotective for these dementias. Collectively, we identified shared and unique dysregulated gene expression, pathways and regulatory factors among dementias. New key mechanisms that lead to the development of dementia were revealed and it is expected that these data will advance personalized medicine for patients.
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Chang J, Zeng Z, Kou X, Chen N. Exercise Attenuates Brain Aging by Rescuing Down-Regulated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Aged Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:105. [PMID: 32390823 PMCID: PMC7192222 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Down-regulated Wnt signaling is involved in brain aging with declined cognitive capacity due to its modulation on neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, the naturally aged rat model was established by feeding rats from 6 months old to 21 months old. The cognitive capacity of aged rats was compared with young rats as the controls and the aged rats upon 12-week exercise interventions including treadmill running, resistance exercise, and alternating exercise with resistance exercise and treadmill running. Wnt signaling was examined in hippocampal tissues of the rats from different groups. Results indicated that the expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) as an antagonist of Wnt signal pathway, the activation of GSK-3β, and the hyperphosphorylated Tau were markedly increased as the extension of age. Meanwhile, higher p-β-cateninSer33, 37, Thr41 promoted neuronal degradation of aged rats. In contrast, three kinds of exercise interventions rescued the abnormal expression of DKK-1 and synaptophysin such as PSD-93 and PSD-95 in hippocampal tissues of the aged rats; especially 12-week treadmill running suppressed DKK-1 up-regulation, GSK-3β activation, β-catenin phosphorylation, and hyperphosphorylated Tau. In addition, the down-regulated PI3K/AKT and Wnt signal pathways were observed in aged rats, but could be reversed by resistance exercise and treadmill running. Moreover, the increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 levels in hippocampal tissues of aged rats were also reversed upon treadmill running intervention. Taken together, down-regulated Wnt signaling suppressed PI3K/Akt signal pathway, aggravated synaptotoxicity, induced neuron apoptosis, and accelerated cognitive impairment of aged rats. However, exercise interventions, especially treadmill running, can attenuate their brain aging process via restoring Wnt signaling and corresponding targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingru Chang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianjuan Kou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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Assaf N, El-Shamarka ME, Salem NA, Khadrawy YA, El Sayed NS. Neuroprotective effect of PPAR alpha and gamma agonists in a mouse model of amyloidogenesis through modulation of the Wnt/beta catenin pathway via targeting alpha- and beta-secretases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 97:109793. [PMID: 31669201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fenofibrate and pioglitazone in a mouse model of amyloidogenesis induced by amyloidβ (βA) peptide. Mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with βA1-40 (400 pmol/mouse) once, followed by treatment with fenofibrate (300 mg/kg), pioglitazone (30 mg/kg),or both. After 21 days of daily treatment, memory impairment and cognitive function were evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM), Y-maze and object recognition tests. On the 22nd day, mice were sacrificed, and their hippocampi were dissected to determine the levels of α- and β-secretase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα and β), Wnt and β-catenin. Significant memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction were observed in the mouse model group. This finding was associated with a significant increase in α- and β-secretase levels and a significant decrease in Wnt, β-catenin, and PPARα and β levels. Neuronal damage was also evident after histopathological examination. Treatment with fenofibrate, pioglitazone and their combination resulted in a significant improvement in the behavioural and neurochemical changes induced by βA injection. The present findings indicate that the combined administration of fenofibrate and pioglitazone was more effective than monotherapy in ameliorating the behavioural, neurochemical and histopathological changes in amyloidogenesis model mice and provide a promising therapeutic approach in the management of Alzheimer's disease complicated by diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Assaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa E El-Shamarka
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neveen A Salem
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Huichalaf CH, Al-Ramahi I, Park KW, Grunke SD, Lu N, de Haro M, El-Zein K, Gallego-Flores T, Perez AM, Jung SY, Botas J, Zoghbi HY, Jankowsky JL. Cross-species genetic screens to identify kinase targets for APP reduction in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2014-2029. [PMID: 30753434 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An early hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), inspiring numerous therapeutic strategies targeting this peptide. An alternative approach is to destabilize the amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) from which Aβ is derived. We interrogated innate pathways governing APP stability using a siRNA screen for modifiers whose own reduction diminished APP in human cell lines and transgenic Drosophila. As proof of principle, we validated PKCβ-a known modifier identified by the screen-in an APP transgenic mouse model. PKCβ was genetically targeted using a novel adeno-associated virus shuttle vector to deliver microRNA-adapted shRNA via intracranial injection. In vivo reduction of PKCβ initially diminished APP and delayed plaque formation. Despite persistent PKCβ suppression, the effect on APP and amyloid diminished over time. Our study advances this approach for mining druggable modifiers of disease-associated proteins, while cautioning that prolonged in vivo validation may be needed to reveal emergent limitations on efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismael Al-Ramahi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Nan Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria de Haro
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karla El-Zein
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tatiana Gallego-Flores
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alma M Perez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Juan Botas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Neurology.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna L Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology.,Department of Neurology.,Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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40
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Pharmacological intervention of histone deacetylase enzymes in the neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sci 2020; 243:117278. [PMID: 31926248 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reversal of aging symptoms and related disorders are the challenging task where epigenetic is a crucial player that includes DNA methylation, histone modification; chromatin remodeling and regulation that are linked to the progression of various neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Overexpression of various histone deacetylase (HDACs) can activate Glycogen synthase kinase 3 which promotes the hyperphosphorylation of tau and inhibits its degradation. While HDAC is important for maintaining the neuronal morphology and brain homeostasis, at the same time, these enzymes are promoting neurodegeneration, if it is deregulated. Different experimental models have also confirmed the neuroprotective effects caused by HDAC enzymes through the regulation of neuronal apoptosis, inflammatory response, DNA damage, cell cycle regulation, and metabolic dysfunction. Apart from transcriptional regulation, protein-protein interaction, histone post-translational modifications, deacetylation mechanism of non-histone protein and direct association with disease proteins have been linked to neuronal imbalance. Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi) can be able to alter gene expression and shown its efficacy on experimental models, and in clinical trials for NDD's and found to be a very promising therapeutic agent with certain limitation, for instance, non-specific target effect, isoform-selectivity, specificity, and limited number of predicted biomarkers. Herein, we discussed (i) the catalytic mechanism of the deacetylation process of various HDAC's in in vivo and in vitro experimental models, (ii) how HDACs are participating in neuroprotection as well as in neurodegeneration, (iii) a comprehensive role of HDACi in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and (iv) therapeutic role of biomolecules to modulate HDACs.
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Phosphorylation Signaling in APP Processing in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010209. [PMID: 31892243 PMCID: PMC6981488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the central nervous system is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The regulation of the processing of the single- transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays an important role in the generation of Aβ in the brain. The phosphorylation of APP and key enzymes involved in the proteolytic processing of APP has been demonstrated to be critical for modulating the generation of Aβ by either altering the subcellular localization of APP or changing the enzymatic activities of the secretases responsible for APP processing. In addition, the phosphorylation may also have an impact on the physiological function of these proteins. In this review, we summarize the kinases and signaling pathways that may participate in regulating the phosphorylation of APP and secretases and how this further affects the function and processing of APP and Aβ pathology. We also discuss the potential of approaches that modulate these phosphorylation-signaling pathways or kinases as interventions for AD pathology.
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42
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Poulson BG, Szczepski K, Lachowicz JI, Jaremko L, Emwas AH, Jaremko M. Aggregation of biologically important peptides and proteins: inhibition or acceleration depending on protein and metal ion concentrations. RSC Adv 2019; 10:215-227. [PMID: 35492549 PMCID: PMC9047971 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09350h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of aggregation of proteins and peptides is dependent on the concentration of proteins, and the rate of aggregation can be altered by the presence of metal ions, but this dependence is not always a straightforward relationship. In general, aggregation does not occur under normal physiological conditions, yet it can be induced in the presence of certain metal ions. However, the extent of the influence of metal ion interactions on protein aggregation has not yet been fully comprehended. A consensus has thus been difficult to reach because the acceleration/inhibition of the aggregation of proteins in the presence of metal ions depends on several factors such as pH and the concentration of the aggregated proteins involved as well as metal concentration level of metal ions. Metal ions, like Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ etc. may either accelerate or inhibit aggregation simply because the experimental conditions affect the behavior of biomolecules. It is clear that understanding the relationship between metal ion concentration and protein aggregation will prove useful for future scientific applications. This review focuses on the dependence of the aggregation of selected important biomolecules (peptides and proteins) on metal ion concentrations. We review proteins that are prone to aggregation, the result of which can cause serious neurodegenerative disorders. Furthering our understanding of the relationship between metal ion concentration and protein aggregation will prove useful for future scientific applications, such as finding therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gabriel Poulson
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria 09042 Monserrato Italy
| | - Lukasz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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The selective GSK3 inhibitor, SAR502250, displays neuroprotective activity and attenuates behavioral impairments in models of neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in rodents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18045. [PMID: 31792284 PMCID: PMC6888874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) has been identified as a promising target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where abnormal activation of this enzyme has been associated with hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. This study describes the effects of the selective GSK3 inhibitor, SAR502250, in models of neuroprotection and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) associated with AD. In P301L human tau transgenic mice, SAR502250 attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation in the cortex and spinal cord. SAR502250 prevented the increase in neuronal cell death in rat embryonic hippocampal neurons following application of the neurotoxic peptide, Aβ25–35. In behavioral studies, SAR502250 improved the cognitive deficit in aged transgenic APP(SW)/Tau(VLW) mice or in adult mice after infusion of Aβ25–35. It attenuated aggression in the mouse defense test battery and improved depressive-like state of mice in the chronic mild stress procedure after 4 weeks of treatment. Moreover, SAR502250 decreased hyperactivity produced by psychostimulants. In contrast, the drug failed to modify anxiety-related behaviors or sensorimotor gating deficit. This profile confirms the neuroprotective effects of GSK3 inhibitors and suggests an additional potential in the treatment of some NPS associated with AD.
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Fessel J. Prevention of Alzheimer's disease by treating mild cognitive impairment with combinations chosen from eight available drugs. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2019; 5:780-788. [PMID: 31763432 PMCID: PMC6861553 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several hundred clinical trials of initially promising drugs have failed to produce meaningful clinical improvement of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is probably because there are at least 25 biochemical pathways known to be aberrant that underpin the disease, and unless there is a single drug that addresses all or most of them, even promising drugs if given alone are unlikely to succeed. Because so many pathways are potentially at fault, it is quite possible that no treatment might succeed. However, because amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) often precedes AD and, assuming that those with aMCI who progress to AD commence with insufficient risk factors for AD but accrue them later, then it is likely that fewer pathways need addressing in aMCI than in AD to either prevent progression of aMCI to AD or effect its reversion. Published reports show that eight drugs, that is, dantrolene, erythropoietin, lithium, memantine, minocycline, piracetam, riluzole, and silymarin, address many of the pathways underlying MCI and AD. Among those eight drugs, combinations between either two or three of them have combined nonoverlapping actions that benefit enough of the approximately 25 pathways at fault so that their convergent efficacy has the potential to prevent aMCI from progressing to AD. The combinations should be subjected to a clinical trial in persons with aMCI to establish their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Fessel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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45
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Pacholko AG, Wotton CA, Bekar LK. Poor Diet, Stress, and Inactivity Converge to Form a "Perfect Storm" That Drives Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. NEURODEGENER DIS 2019; 19:60-77. [PMID: 31600762 DOI: 10.1159/000503451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
North American incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is expected to more than double over the coming generation. Although genetic factors surrounding the production and clearance of amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau proteins are known to be responsible for a subset of early-onset AD cases, they do not explain the pathogenesis of the far more prevalent sporadic late-onset variant of the disease. It is thus likely that lifestyle and environmental factors contribute to neurodegenerative processes implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Herein, we review evidence that (1) excess sucrose consumption induces AD-associated liver pathologies and brain insulin resistance, (2) chronic stress overdrives activity of locus coeruleus neurons, leading to loss of function (a common event in neurodegeneration), (3) high-sugar diets and stress promote the loss of neuroprotective sex hormones in men and women, and (4) Western dietary trends set the stage for a lithium-deficient state. We propose that these factors may intersect as part of a "perfect storm" to contribute to the widespread prevalence of neurodegeneration and AD. In addition, we put forth the argument that exercise and supplementation with trace lithium can counteract many of the deleterious consequences associated with excessive caloric intake and perpetual stress. We conclude that lifestyle and environmental factors likely contribute to AD pathogenesis and that simple lifestyle and dietary changes can help counteract their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G Pacholko
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Caitlin A Wotton
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lane K Bekar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada,
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46
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Liu PP, Xie Y, Meng XY, Kang JS. History and progress of hypotheses and clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:29. [PMID: 31637009 PMCID: PMC6799833 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss along with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a decline in activities of daily life. Its main pathological features are cerebral atrophy, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of patients. There are various descriptive hypotheses regarding the causes of AD, including the cholinergic hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, tau propagation hypothesis, mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, calcium homeostasis hypothesis, neurovascular hypothesis, inflammatory hypothesis, metal ion hypothesis, and lymphatic system hypothesis. However, the ultimate etiology of AD remains obscure. In this review, we discuss the main hypotheses of AD and related clinical trials. Wealthy puzzles and lessons have made it possible to develop explanatory theories and identify potential strategies for therapeutic interventions for AD. The combination of hypometabolism and autophagy deficiency is likely to be a causative factor for AD. We further propose that fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has the potential to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Liu
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yi Xie
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Xiao-Yan Meng
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Jian-Sheng Kang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
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47
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Chen J, Long Z, Li Y, Luo M, Luo S, He G. Alteration of the Wnt/GSK3β/β‑catenin signalling pathway by rapamycin ameliorates pathology in an Alzheimer's disease model. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:313-323. [PMID: 31115485 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which results in amyloid β‑peptide (Aβ) plaque overproduction, Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal loss. A number of studies have reported that the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) contributes to the generation and deposition of Aβ, as well as to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) by inhibiting autophagy. GSK3β is also involved in the mTOR signalling pathway. However, whether the inhibition of the activation of mTOR via the regulation of the function of GSK3β affects the pathology of AD remains unclear. In this study, we intraperitoneally injected amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin‑1 (PS1) transgenic mice with rapamycin, a known activator of autophagy that inhibits mTOR. Our results revealed that rapamycin treatment decreased senile plaque deposition by reducing APP generation, and downregulating β‑ and γ‑secretase activity. Rapamycin also increased Aβ clearance by promoting autophagy and reduced Tau hyperphosphorylation by upregulating the levels of insulin‑degrading enzyme. Additionally, rapamycin markedly promoted the proliferation of differentiated SH‑SY5Y cells stably transfected with the APPswe gene and prevented neuronal loss in the brains of mice in a model of AD. Moreover, rapamycin induced autophagy and promoted autolysosome degradation. In this study, we provide evidence that rapamycin inhibits GSK3β activation and elevates β‑catenin expression by improving the Wnt3a expression levels, which facilitates the amelioration of AD pathology. On the whole, our findings indicate that rapamycin inhibits the activation of mTOR and alters the Wnt/GSK3β/β‑catenin signalling pathway; thus, it may serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Long
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Min Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shifang Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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48
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Guttuso T, Andrzejewski KL, Lichter DG, Andersen JK. Targeting kinases in Parkinson's disease: A mechanism shared by LRRK2, neurotrophins, exenatide, urate, nilotinib and lithium. J Neurol Sci 2019; 402:121-130. [PMID: 31129265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several kinases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), most notably leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), as LRRK2 mutations are the most common genetic cause of a late-onset parkinsonism that is clinically indistinguishable from sporadic PD. More recently, several other kinases have emerged as promising disease-modifying targets in PD based on both preclinical studies and clinical reports on exenatide, the urate precursor inosine, nilotinib and lithium use in PD patients. These kinases include protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinases-3β and -3α (GSK-3β and GSK-3α), c-Abelson kinase (c-Abl) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5). Activities of each of these kinases are involved either directly or indirectly in phosphorylating tau or increasing α-synuclein levels, intracellular proteins whose toxic oligomeric forms are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. GSK-3β, GSK-3α and cdk5 are the principle kinases involved in phosphorylating tau at sites critical for the formation of tau oligomers. Exenatide analogues, urate, nilotinib and lithium have been shown to affect one or more of the above kinases, actions that can decrease the formation and increase the clearance of intraneuronal phosphorylated tau and α-synuclein. Here we review the current preclinical and clinical evidence supporting kinase-targeting agents as potential disease-modifying therapies for PD patients enriched with these therapeutic targets and incorporate LRRK2 physiology into this novel model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guttuso
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - Kelly L Andrzejewski
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - David G Lichter
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - Julie K Andersen
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America.
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49
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Sales TA, Prandi IG, Castro AAD, Leal DHS, Cunha EFFD, Kuca K, Ramalho TC. Recent Developments in Metal-Based Drugs and Chelating Agents for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1829. [PMID: 31013856 PMCID: PMC6514778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain has a unique biological complexity and is responsible for important functions in the human body, such as the command of cognitive and motor functions. Disruptive disorders that affect this organ, e.g. neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), can lead to permanent damage, impairing the patients' quality of life and even causing death. In spite of their clinical diversity, these NDDs share common characteristics, such as the accumulation of specific proteins in the cells, the compromise of the metal ion homeostasis in the brain, among others. Despite considerable advances in understanding the mechanisms of these diseases and advances in the development of treatments, these disorders remain uncured. Considering the diversity of mechanisms that act in NDDs, a wide range of compounds have been developed to act by different means. Thus, promising compounds with contrasting properties, such as chelating agents and metal-based drugs have been proposed to act on different molecular targets as well as to contribute to the same goal, which is the treatment of NDDs. This review seeks to discuss the different roles and recent developments of metal-based drugs, such as metal complexes and metal chelating agents as a proposal for the treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais A Sales
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid G Prandi
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre A de Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Daniel H S Leal
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus/ES, 29932-540, Brazil.
| | - Elaine F F da Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic..
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Czech Republic.
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic..
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50
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Zeng Q, Long Z, Feng M, Zhao Y, Luo S, Wang K, Wang Y, Yang G, He G. Valproic Acid Stimulates Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in the APP/PS1/Nestin-GFP Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:62. [PMID: 30971911 PMCID: PMC6443965 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and massive loss of neuronal cells in the brain. Adult hippocampus continuously generates new neurons throughout life to shape brain function and impaired neurogenesis may contribute to a series of cognitive deterioration associated with AD. Enhancing endogenous neurogenesis represents a promising strategy that may ameliorate AD-associated cognitive defects. However, neurogenesis-enhancing approaches and underlying mechanisms are still not well studied. Here, using a mouse model of AD amyloid precursor protein (APP/PS1/Nestin-GFP triple transgenic mice, 3xTgAD), we examined the effects of 4 weeks of valproic acid (VPA) treatment on hippocampal neurogenesis in 2- and 6-month-old mice. VPA treatment promoted cell proliferation and increased the density of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of 3xTgAD mice. Consistent with enhanced neurogenesis, behavioral and morphological analysis showed that VPA treatment improved the learning and memory ability of 3xTgAD mice. Mechanistically, VPA treatment increased β-catenin levels, accumulated the inactive form of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and induced the expression of NeuroD1, a Wnt target gene involved in neurogenesis, suggesting the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the hippocampus of 3xTgAD mice. This study indicates that VPA stimulates neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus of AD mice model through the Wnt pathway, highlighting VPA as a potential therapeutic for treating AD and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhimin Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueyang Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shifang Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Guiqiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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