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Zhang J, Terreni M, Liu F, Sollogoub M, Zhang Y. Ganglioside GM3-based anticancer vaccines: Reviewing the mechanism and current strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116824. [PMID: 38820973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside GM3 is one of the most common membrane-bound glycosphingolipids. The over-expression of GM3 on tumor cells makes it defined as a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA). The specific expression property in cancers, especially in melanoma, make it become an important target to develop anticancer vaccines or immunotherapies. However, in the manner akin to most TACAs, GM3 is an autoantigen facing with problems of low immunogenicity and easily inducing immunotolerance, which means itself only cannot elicit a powerful enough immune response to prevent or treat cancer. With a comparative understanding of the mechanisms that how immune system responses to the carbohydrate vaccines, this review summarizes the studies on the recent efforts to development GM3-based anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Marco Terreni
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Fang Liu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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2
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Heinzelbecker J, Fauskanger M, Jonson I, Krengel U, Løset GÅ, Munthe L, Tveita A. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting the GM3(Neu5Gc) ganglioside. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331345. [PMID: 38370401 PMCID: PMC10869436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell technology has ushered in a new era of immunotherapy, enabling the targeting of a broad range of surface antigens, surpassing the limitations of traditional T cell epitopes. Despite the wide range of non-protein tumor-associated antigens, the advancement in crafting CAR T cells for these targets has been limited. Owing to an evolutionary defect in the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMAH) that abolishes the synthesis of CMP-Neu5Gc from CMP-Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc is generally absent in human tissues. Despite this, Neu5Gc-containing antigens, including the ganglioside GM3(Neu5Gc) have consistently been observed on tumor cells across a variety of human malignancies. This restricted expression makes GM3(Neu5Gc) an appealing and highly specific target for immunotherapy. In this study, we designed and evaluated 14F7-28z CAR T cells, with a targeting unit derived from the GM3(Neu5Gc)-specific murine antibody 14F7. These cells exhibited exceptional specificity, proficiently targeting GM3(Neu5Gc)-expressing murine tumor cells in syngeneic mouse models, ranging from B cell malignancies to epithelial tumors, without compromising safety. Notably, human tumor cells enhanced with murine Cmah were effectively targeted and eliminated by the 14F7 CAR T cells. Nonetheless, despite the detectable presence of GM3(Neu5Gc) in unmodified human tumor xenografts, the levels were insufficient to trigger a tumoricidal T-cell response with the current CAR T cell configuration. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of targeting the GM3(Neu5Gc) ganglioside using CAR T cells across a variety of cancers and set the stage for the optimization of 14F7-based therapies for future human clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Heinzelbecker
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Fauskanger
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Jonson
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Åge Løset
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Nextera AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig Munthe
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Tveita
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Wang J, Lu D, Sun R, Lei S, Luo S, Dang X, Zhang Y, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Wu J, Yang G, Fu L, Jiang F. One-Pot Enzymatic Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ganglioside GM3 Derivatives as Potential Cancer Immunotherapeutics. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1883-1897. [PMID: 35073068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recent research studies have revealed that GM3 derivatives have considerable promise as potential therapeutic agents for cancer. To discover novel GM3 derivatives as potential antitumor agents, a one-pot enzymatic synthesis was established, yielding 14 GM3 derivatives in high total yields (22-41%). Subsequently, the inhibitory activities of GM3 derivatives were assessed by wound-healing assays and Transwell assays and tumor-bearing animal models. Among all the GM3 derivatives, N-12 showed excellent migration and invasion inhibitory effects in cells and marked antitumor activity in C57BL/6 mice. The subsequent analysis of cancer tissues and serum samples revealed that N-12 induces tumor inhibition, which was closely related to immune response. Taken together, N-12 can be further developed as an effective therapeutic for the treatment of cancer. An RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was then performed and indicated that the antitumor mechanism of N-12 involved focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Dan Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Ran Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shuwen Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shuhua Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xin Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Chang Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Guangyu Yang
- School of Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Faqin Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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4
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Lin H, Hong H, Feng L, Shi J, Zhou Z, Wu Z. Synthesis of DNP-modified GM3-based anticancer vaccine and evaluation of its immunological activities for cancer immunotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Metabolic glycan labelling for cancer-targeted therapy. Nat Chem 2020; 12:1102-1114. [PMID: 33219365 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering with unnatural sugars provides a powerful tool to label cell membranes with chemical tags for subsequent targeted conjugation of molecular cargos via efficient chemistries. This technology has been widely explored for cancer labelling and targeting. However, as this metabolic labelling process can occur in both cancerous and normal cells, cancer-selective labelling needs to be achieved to develop cancer-targeted therapies. Unnatural sugars can be either rationally designed to enable preferential labelling of cancer cells, or specifically delivered to cancerous tissues. In this Review Article, we will discuss the progress to date in design and delivery of unnatural sugars for metabolic labelling of tumour cells and subsequent development of tumour-targeted therapy. Metabolic cell labelling for cancer immunotherapy will also be discussed. Finally, we will provide a perspective on future directions of metabolic labelling of cancer and immune cells for the development of potent, clinically translatable cancer therapies.
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Jaiswal M, Tran TT, Li Q, Yan X, Zhou M, Kundu K, Fanucci GE, Guo Z. A metabolically engineered spin-labeling approach for studying glycans on cells. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12522-12532. [PMID: 34094453 PMCID: PMC8162880 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic glycan engineering (MGE) coupled with nitroxide spin-labeling (SL) was utilized to investigate the heterogeneous environment of cell surface glycans in select cancer and normal cells. This approach exploited the incorporation of azides into cell surface glycans followed by a click reaction with a new nitroxide spin label. Both sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were targeted for spin labelling. Although each of these moieties experiences a diverse and heterogeneous glycan environment, their EPR spectra and hence mobility are both characterized as a linear combination of two distinct spectra where one component reflects a highly mobile or uncrowded micro-environment with the second component reflecting more restricted motion, reflective of increased crowding and packing within the glycocalyx. What differs among the spectra of the targeted glycans is the relative percentage of each component, with sialic acid moieties experiencing on average an ∼80% less crowded environment, where conversely GlcNAc/GalNAz labeled sites reported on average a ∼50% more crowded environment. These distinct environments are consistent with the organization of sugar moieties within cellular glycans where some residues occur close to the cell membrane/protein backbone (i.e. more restricted) and others are more terminal in the glycan (i.e. more mobile). Strikingly, different cell lines displayed varied relative populations of these two components, suggesting distinctive glycan packing, organization, and composition of different cells. This work demonstrates the capability of SDSL EPR to be a broadly useful tool for studying glycans on cells, and interpretation of the results provides insights for distinguishing the differences and changes in the local organization and heterogeneity of the cellular glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida 214 Leigh Hall Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Trang T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida 214 Leigh Hall Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida 214 Leigh Hall Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida 214 Leigh Hall Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Mingwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida 214 Leigh Hall Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Krishnendu Kundu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32310 USA
| | - Gail E Fanucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida 214 Leigh Hall Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida 214 Leigh Hall Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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7
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Moons SJ, Adema GJ, Derks MT, Boltje TJ, Büll C. Sialic acid glycoengineering using N-acetylmannosamine and sialic acid analogs. Glycobiology 2020; 29:433-445. [PMID: 30913290 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids cap the glycans of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. They are involved in a multitude of biological processes and aberrant sialic acid expression is associated with several pathologies. Sialic acids modulate the characteristics and functions of glycoproteins and regulate cell-cell as well as cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Pathogens such as influenza virus use sialic acids to infect host cells and cancer cells exploit sialic acids to escape from the host's immune system. The introduction of unnatural sialic acids with different functionalities into surface glycans enables the study of the broad biological functions of these sugars and presents a therapeutic option to intervene with pathological processes involving sialic acids. Multiple chemically modified sialic acid analogs can be directly utilized by cells for sialoglycan synthesis. Alternatively, analogs of the natural sialic acid precursor sugar N-Acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) can be introduced into the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway resulting in the intracellular conversion into the corresponding sialic acid analog. Both, ManNAc and sialic acid analogs, have been employed successfully for a large variety of glycoengineering applications such as glycan imaging, targeting toxins to tumor cells, inhibiting pathogen binding, or altering immune cell activity. However, there are significant differences between ManNAc and sialic acid analogs with respect to their chemical modification potential and cellular metabolism that should be considered in sialic acid glycoengineering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam J Moons
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Max Tgm Derks
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Mettu R, Chen CY, Wu CY. Synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines: challenges and opportunities. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:9. [PMID: 31900143 PMCID: PMC6941340 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines based on bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPS) have been extremely successful in preventing bacterial infections. The glycan antigens for the preparation of CPS based glycoconjugate vaccines are mainly obtained from bacterial fermentation, the quality and length of glycans are always inconsistent. Such kind of situation make the CMC of glycoconjugate vaccines are difficult to well control. Thanks to the advantage of synthetic methods for carbohydrates syntheses. The well controlled glycan antigens are more easily to obtain, and them are conjugated to carrier protein to from the so-call homogeneous fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. Several fully glycoconjugate vaccines are in different phases of clinical trial for bacteria or cancers. The review will introduce the recent development of fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Mettu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Yun Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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9
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Zheng C, Terreni M, Sollogoub M, Zhang Y. Ganglioside GM3 and Its Role in Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2933-2947. [PMID: 29376491 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180129100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ganglioside GM3 is strongly related with human tumors, such as lung, brain cancers and melanomas, and more and more evidences have revealed that GM3 possesses powerful effects on cancer development and progression. GM3 is over expressed on several types of cancers, and can be as a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, used for immunotherapy of cancers. GM3 can also inhibit tumor cells growth by anti-angiogenesis or motility and so on. Especially, GM3 has effects on the EGFR tyrosine kinase signaling, uPAR-related signaling and glycolipid-enriched microdomains, which are essential for cancer signaling conduction. It is obvious that GM3 will be a promising target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Zheng
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marco Terreni
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, 430056 Wuhan, China
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10
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Agatemor C, Buettner MJ, Ariss R, Muthiah K, Saeui CT, Yarema KJ. Exploiting metabolic glycoengineering to advance healthcare. Nat Rev Chem 2019; 3:605-620. [PMID: 31777760 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is a technique for manipulating cellular metabolism to modulate glycosylation. MGE is used to increase the levels of natural glycans and, more importantly, to install non-natural monosaccharides into glycoconjugates. In this Review, we summarize the chemistry underlying MGE that has been developed over the past three decades and highlight several recent advances that have set the stage for clinical translation. In anticipation of near-term application to human healthcare, we describe emerging efforts to deploy MGE in diverse applications, ranging from the glycoengineering of biotherapeutic proteins and the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases such as cancer to the development of new immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Agatemor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J Buettner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Ariss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keerthana Muthiah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Du J, Chen H, Qing L, Yang X, Jia X. Biomimetic neural scaffolds: a crucial step towards optimal peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1299-1311. [PMID: 29725688 PMCID: PMC5978680 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00260f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a common disease that affects more than 20 million people in the United States alone and remains a major burden to society. The current gold standard treatment for critical-sized nerve defects is autologous nerve graft transplantation; however, this method is limited in many ways and does not always lead to satisfactory outcomes. The limitations of autografts have prompted investigations into artificial neural scaffolds as replacements, and some neural scaffold devices have progressed to widespread clinical use; scaffold technology overall has yet to be shown to be consistently on a par with or superior to autografts. Recent advances in biomimetic scaffold technologies have opened up many new and exciting opportunities, and novel improvements in material, fabrication technique, scaffold architecture, and lumen surface modifications that better reflect biological anatomy and physiology have independently been shown to benefit overall nerve regeneration. Furthermore, biomimetic features of neural scaffolds have also been shown to work synergistically with other nerve regeneration therapy strategies such as growth factor supplementation, stem cell transplantation, and cell surface glycoengineering. This review summarizes the current state of neural scaffolds, highlights major advances in biomimetic technologies, and discusses future opportunities in the field of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. ; Tel: +1 410-706-5025
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. ; Tel: +1 410-706-5025
| | - Liming Qing
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. ; Tel: +1 410-706-5025
| | - Xiuli Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. ; Tel: +1 410-706-5025
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. ; Tel: +1 410-706-5025
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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12
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Wei MM, Wang YS, Ye XS. Carbohydrate-based vaccines for oncotherapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1003-1026. [PMID: 29512174 DOI: 10.1002/med.21493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the most serious threats to human worldwide. Aberrant patterns of glycosylation on the surface of cancer cells, which are correlated with various cancer development stages, can differentiate the abnormal tissues from the healthy ones. Therefore, tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) represent the desired targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, these carbohydrate antigens may not able to evoke powerful immune response to combat with cancer for their poor immunogenicity and immunotolerance. Different approaches have been developed to address these problems. In this review, we want to summarize the latest advances in TACAs based anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Man Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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13
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Tumor target amplification: Implications for nano drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2018; 275:142-161. [PMID: 29454742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells overexpress surface markers which are absent from normal cells. These tumor-restricted antigenic signatures are a fundamental basis for distinguishing on-target from off-target cells for ligand-directed targeting of cancer cells. Unfortunately, tumor heterogeneity impedes the establishment of a solid expression pattern for a given target marker, leading to drastic changes in quality (availability) and quantity (number) of the target. Consequently, a subset of cancer cells remains untargeted during the course of treatment, which subsequently promotes drug-resistance and cancer relapse. Since target inefficiency is only problematic for cancer treatment and not for treatment of other pathological conditions such as viral/bacterial infections, target amplification or the generation of novel targets is key to providing eligible antigenic markers for effective targeted therapy. This review summarizes the limitations of current ligand-directed targeting strategies and provides a comprehensive overview of tumor target amplification strategies, including self-amplifying systems, dual targeting, artificial markers and peptide modification. We also discuss the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of these approaches, the underlying mechanism(s) and established methodologies, mostly in the context of different nanodelivery systems, to facilitate more effective ligand-directed cancer cell monitoring and targeting.
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14
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R. Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286437 DOI: 10.3791/55746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) is a highly important constituent of glycoconjugates, such as N- and O-glycans or glycolipids. Due to its position at the non-reducing termini of oligo- and polysaccharides, as well as its unique chemical characteristics, sialic acid is involved in a multitude of different receptor-ligand interactions. By modifying the expression of sialic acid on the cell surface, sialic acid-dependent interactions will consequently be influenced. This can be helpful to investigate sialic acid-dependent interactions and has the potential to influence certain diseases in a beneficial way. Via metabolic glycoengineering (MGE), the expression of sialic acid on the cell surface can be modulated. Herein, cells, tissues, or even entire animals are treated with C2-modified derivatives of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc). These amino sugars act as sialic acid precursor molecules and therefore are metabolized to the corresponding sialic acid species and expressed on glycoconjugates. Applying this method produces intriguing effects on various biological processes. For example, it can drastically reduce the expression of polysialic acid (polySia) in treated neuronal cells and thus affects neuronal growth and differentiation. Here, we show the chemical synthesis of two of the most common C2-modified N-acylmannosamine derivatives, N-propionylmannosamine (ManNProp) as well as N-butanoylmannosamine (ManNBut), and further show how these non-natural amino sugars can be applied in cell culture experiments. The expression of modified sialic acid species is quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and further analyzed via mass spectrometry. The effects on polysialic acid expression are elucidated via Western blot using a commercially available polysialic acid antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut & Genzentrum, Virologie, Nationales Referenzzentrum für Retroviren, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München; Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg;
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15
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Wang W, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Xiao S, Ye X, Zhang L, Xia Q, Zhou D. Redirecting Killer T Cells through Incorporation of Azido Sugars for Tethering Ligands. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2082-2086. [PMID: 28862366 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The genetic expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on the surfaces of T cells enables the redirection of T cell specificity. To enhance the versatility of T cells as tumor-specific killers, we developed a nongenetic approach by which azide-containing sialic acids were metabolically incorporated into T cells to modify cellular sialyl glycans. After successful display of these moieties on the T cells, small-molecule ligands such as RGD and folate (as proof-of-concept, rather than supersized antibodies) were clicked orthogonally, leading to highly selective time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity to integrin αv β3 - and folate-receptor-positive cells, respectively. This chemical approach provides a facile platform for rational design of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells for targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chuanling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sulong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinshan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
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16
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Badr HA, AlSadek DMM, El-Houseini ME, Saeui CT, Mathew MP, Yarema KJ, Ahmed H. Harnessing cancer cell metabolism for theranostic applications using metabolic glycoengineering of sialic acid in breast cancer as a pioneering example. Biomaterials 2017; 116:158-173. [PMID: 27926828 PMCID: PMC5193387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal cell surface display of sialic acids - a family of unusual 9-carbon sugars - is widely recognized as distinguishing feature of many types of cancer. Sialoglycans, however, typically cannot be identified with sufficiently high reproducibility and sensitivity to serve as clinically accepted biomarkers and similarly, almost all efforts to exploit cancer-specific differences in sialylation signatures for therapy remain in early stage development. In this report we provide an overview of important facets of glycosylation that contribute to cancer in general with a focus on breast cancer as an example of malignant disease characterized by aberrant sialylation. We then describe how cancer cells experience nutrient deprivation during oncogenesis and discuss how the resulting metabolic reprogramming, which endows breast cancer cells with the ability to obtain nutrients during scarcity, constitutes an "Achilles' heel" that we believe can be exploited by metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) strategies to develop new diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches. In particular, we hypothesize that adaptations made by breast cancer cells that allow them to efficiently scavenge sialic acid during times of nutrient deprivation renders them vulnerable to MGE, which refers to the use of exogenously-supplied, non-natural monosaccharide analogues to modulate targeted aspects of glycosylation in living cells and animals. In specific, once non-natural sialosides are incorporated into the cancer "sialome" they can be exploited as epitopes for immunotherapy or as chemical tags for targeted delivery of imaging or therapeutic agents selectively to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Dina M M AlSadek
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Motawa E El-Houseini
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21227, USA.
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17
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R, Reutter W. Metabolic Glycoengineering with N-Acyl Side Chain Modified Mannosamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9482-512. [PMID: 27435524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In metabolic glycoengineering (MGE), cells or animals are treated with unnatural derivatives of monosaccharides. After entering the cytosol, these sugar analogues are metabolized and subsequently expressed on newly synthesized glycoconjugates. The feasibility of MGE was first discovered for sialylated glycans, by using N-acyl-modified mannosamines as precursor molecules for unnatural sialic acids. Prerequisite is the promiscuity of the enzymes of the Roseman-Warren biosynthetic pathway. These enzymes were shown to tolerate specific modifications of the N-acyl side chain of mannosamine analogues, for example, elongation by one or more methylene groups (aliphatic modifications) or by insertion of reactive groups (bioorthogonal modifications). Unnatural sialic acids are incorporated into glycoconjugates of cells and organs. MGE has intriguing biological consequences for treated cells (aliphatic MGE) and offers the opportunity to visualize the topography and dynamics of sialylated glycans in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo (bioorthogonal MGE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Wratil
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114, Halle, Germany.
| | - Werner Reutter
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R, Reutter W. Metabolisches Glykoengineering mitN-Acyl-Seiten- ketten-modifizierten Mannosaminen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Wratil
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Hollystraße 1 06114 Halle Deutschland
| | - Werner Reutter
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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19
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Lin B, Wu X, Zhao H, Tian Y, Han J, Liu J, Han S. Redirecting immunity via covalently incorporated immunogenic sialic acid on the tumor cell surface. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3737-3741. [PMID: 29997860 PMCID: PMC6008587 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques eliciting anti-tumor immunity are of interest for immunotherapy. We herein report the covalent incorporation of a non-self immunogen into the tumor glycocalyx by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering with 2,4-dinitrophenylated sialic acid (DNPSia). This enables marked suppression of pulmonary metastasis and subcutaneous tumor growth of B16F10 melanoma cells in mice preimmunized to produce anti-DNP antibodies. Located on the exterior glycocalyx, DNPSia is well-positioned to recruit antibodies. Given the high levels of natural anti-DNP antibodies in humans and ubiquitous sialylation across many cancers, DNPSia offers a simplified route to redirect immunity against diverse tumors without recourse to preimmunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Xuanjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Hu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Yunpeng Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology , Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network , School of Life Sciences , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Shoufa Han
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
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20
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Feng D, Shaikh AS, Wang F. Recent Advance in Tumor-associated Carbohydrate Antigens (TACAs)-based Antitumor Vaccines. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:850-63. [PMID: 26895482 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can be distinguished from normal cells by displaying aberrant levels and types of carbohydrate structures on their surfaces. These carbohydrate structures are known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). TACAs were considered as promising targets for the design of anticancer vaccines. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone can only evoke poor immunogenicity because they are unable to induce T-cell-dependent immune responses, which is critical for cancer therapy. Moreover, immunotolerance and immunosuppression are easily induced by using natural occurring TACAs as antigens due to their endogenous property. This review summarizes the recent strategies to overcome these obstacles: (1) covalently coupling TACAs to proper carriers to improve immunogenicity, including clustered or multivalent conjugate vaccines, (2) coupling TACAs to T-cell peptide epitopes or the built-in adjuvant to form multicomponent glycoconjugate vaccines, and (3) developing vaccines based on chemically modified TACAs, which is combined with metabolic engineering of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Feng
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of education),
Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 50012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of ChinaChina
| | - Abdul Sami Shaikh
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of education),
Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 50012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of ChinaChina
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21
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Qiu L, Li J, Yu S, Wang Q, Li Y, Hu Z, Wu Q, Guo Z, Zhang J. A novel cancer immunotherapy based on the combination of a synthetic carbohydrate-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine and glycoengineered cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5195-203. [PMID: 25760071 PMCID: PMC4467142 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune tolerance to tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) has severely restricted the usefulness of most TACAs. To overcome this problem, we selected a sialylated trisaccharide TACA, GM3, as a target antigen, and tested a new immunotherapeutic strategy by combining metabolic bioengineering with dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. We engineered cancer cells to express an artificial structure, N-phenylacetyl-D-neuraminic acid, in place of the natural N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid of GM3 by using N-phenylacetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNPhAc) as a biosynthetic precursor. Next, we selectively targeted the bioengineered cancer cells by vaccination with DCs pulsed with the GM3 N-phenylacetyl derivative. Vaccination with GM3NPhAc-KLH-loaded DCs elicited robust GM3NPhAc-specific T cell-dependent immunity. The results showed that this strategy could significantly inhibit FBL3 tumor growth and prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice; B16F10 lung metastases could also be reduced. These findings lay out a new strategy for overcoming immune tolerance to TACAs, such as GM3, for the development of effective tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shichong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Yinghua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiuye Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Junping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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22
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Cheng B, Xie R, Dong L, Chen X. Metabolic Remodeling of Cell-Surface Sialic Acids: Principles, Applications, and Recent Advances. Chembiochem 2015; 17:11-27. [PMID: 26573222 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-surface sialic acids are essential in mediating a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Sialic acid chemistry and biology remain challenging to investigate, demanding new tools for probing sialylation in living systems. The metabolic glycan labeling (MGL) strategy has emerged as an invaluable chemical biology tool that enables metabolic installation of useful functionalities into cell-surface sialoglycans by "hijacking" the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. Here we review the principles of MGL and its applications in study and manipulation of sialic acid function, with an emphasis on recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ran Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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23
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Birikaki L, Pradeau S, Armand S, Priem B, Márquez-Domínguez L, Reyes-Leyva J, Santos-López G, Samain E, Driguez H, Fort S. Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Sialylated Oligosaccharides Containing C5-Modified Neuraminic Acids for Dual Inhibition of Hemagglutinins and Neuraminidases. Chemistry 2015; 21:10903-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Saeui CT, Urias E, Liu L, Mathew MP, Yarema KJ. Metabolic glycoengineering bacteria for therapeutic, recombinant protein, and metabolite production applications. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:425-41. [PMID: 25931032 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering is a specialization of metabolic engineering that focuses on using small molecule metabolites to manipulate biosynthetic pathways responsible for oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate production. As outlined in this article, this technique has blossomed in mammalian systems over the past three decades but has made only modest progress in prokaryotes. Nevertheless, a sufficient foundation now exists to support several important applications of metabolic glycoengineering in bacteria based on methods to preferentially direct metabolic intermediates into pathways involved in lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, or capsule polysaccharide production. An overview of current applications and future prospects for this technology are provided in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esteban Urias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lingshu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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25
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Johannes M, Reindl M, Gerlitzki B, Schmitt E, Hoffmann-Röder A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel MUC1 glycopeptide conjugate vaccine candidate comprising a 4'-deoxy-4'-fluoro-Thomsen-Friedenreich epitope. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:155-161. [PMID: 25670999 PMCID: PMC4311645 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of selective anticancer vaccines that provide enhanced protection against tumor recurrence and metastasis has been the subject of intense research in the scientific community. The tumor-associated glycoprotein MUC1 represents a well-established target for cancer immunotherapy and has been used for the construction of various synthetic vaccine candidates. However, many of these vaccine prototypes suffer from an inherent low immunogenicity and are susceptible to rapid in vivo degradation. To overcome these drawbacks, novel fluorinated MUC1 glycopeptide-BSA/TTox conjugate vaccines have been prepared. Immunization of mice with the 4’F-TF-MUC1-TTox conjugate resulted in strong immune responses overriding the natural tolerance against MUC1 and producing selective IgG antibodies that are cross-reactive with native MUC1 epitopes on MCF-7 human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Johannes
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reindl
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Gerlitzki
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Geb. 708, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Geb. 708, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anja Hoffmann-Röder
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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26
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Zheng XJ, Yang F, Zheng M, Huo CX, Zhang Y, Ye XS. Improvement of the immune efficacy of carbohydrate vaccines by chemical modification on the GM3 antigen. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6399-406. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-modified GM3 glycoconjugates improved the efficiency of the vaccination without the combination of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Mingwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Chang-Xin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
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27
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Zhou Z, Liao G, Stepanovs S, Guo Z. Quantifying the Efficiency of N-Phenyl-D-mannosamine to Metabolically Engineer Sialic Acid on Cancer Cell Surface. J Carbohydr Chem 2014; 33:395-407. [PMID: 25400325 PMCID: PMC4228960 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.933483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A convenient method was developed for the quantification of sialic acids expressed by cells and used to analyze the efficiency of N-phenylacetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNPhAc) to metabolically glycoengineer SKMEL-28 cancer cell. For this purpose, ManNPhAc-cultured cells were treated with 2M acetic acid to release sialic acids, and the products were treated with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene to form the corresponding derivatives that had strong UV absorptions. The reaction mixture was then applied to HPLC-UV analysis to determine the amounts and the ratios of natural sialic acid and its unnatural analog. It was confirmed that after incubation with ManNPhAc SKMEL-28 cell was effectively glycoengineered to express a significant amount of unnatural sialic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Guochao Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Sergejs Stepanovs
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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28
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Bhatia S, Dimde M, Haag R. Multivalent glycoconjugates as vaccines and potential drug candidates. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Amon R, Reuven EM, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Padler-Karavani V. Glycans in immune recognition and response. Carbohydr Res 2014; 389:115-22. [PMID: 24680512 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycans at the forefront of cells facilitate immune recognition processes. Cancer cells commonly present altered cell surface glycosylation, especially manifested in the expression of sialic acid at the termini of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Although tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) result in expression of altered-self, most such carbohydrates do not elicit strong humoral responses. Various strategies had been devised to elicit increased immunogenicity of such TACA aiming for potent immunotherapeutic antibodies or cancer vaccines. However some carbohydrates are immunogenic in humans and hold potential for novel glycotherapies. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a foreign immunogenic sugar in humans originating from the diet (e.g., red meat) and subsequently expressed on the cell surface, especially accumulating on carcinoma. Consequently, the human immune system detects this non-self carbohydrate generating a broad anti-Neu5Gc antibody response. The co-existence of Neu5Gc/anti-Neu5Gc within humans spurs chronic inflammation mediated disease, including cancer. Concurrently, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies hold potential for novel targeted therapy. αGal is another foreign immunogenic carbohydrate antigen in humans and all humans have circulating anti-Gal antibodies. This review aims to describe the immunogenicity of Neu5Gc and its implications for human diseases, highlighting differences and similarities with αGal and its potential for novel targeted theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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30
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Zou C, Loka RS, Zhang Y, Cairo CW. Glycoform remodeling generates a synthetic T cell phenotype. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:907-14. [PMID: 23742724 DOI: 10.1021/bc300599w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The glycan of specific proteins can dictate the response of cells to stimuli, and thus their phenotype. We describe a chemical strategy to modify the cellular glycoform of T cells, which resulted in a modified cellular response. Our data indicate that chemical modification of the phosphatase CD45 is responsible for the observed differences in response to receptor cross-linking. By increasing the content of galactose epitopes in the glycocalyx of a lymphoma cell line, we were able to increase the response of the cell to lectin stimulation through the glycoprotein receptor, CD45. The method described here exploits metabolic labeling of a cell to reprogram the cellular response to external stimuli though changes in the number of lectin binding sites on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zou
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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31
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Mathew MP, Tan E, Shah S, Bhattacharya R, Adam Meledeo M, Huang J, Espinoza FA, Yarema KJ. Extracellular and intracellular esterase processing of SCFA-hexosamine analogs: implications for metabolic glycoengineering and drug delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6929-33. [PMID: 23041156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a synopsis of the esterase processing of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-derivatized hexosamine analogs used in metabolic glycoengineering by demonstrating that the extracellular hydrolysis of these compounds is comparatively slow (e.g., with a t(1/2) of ∼4 h to several days) in normal cell culture as well as in high serum concentrations intended to mimic in vivo conditions. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of common sugar analogs revealed that O-acetylated and N-azido ManNAc derivatives were more refractory against extracellular inactivation by FBS than their butanoylated counterparts consistent with in silico docking simulations of Ac(4)ManNAc and Bu(4)ManNAc to human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1). By contrast, all analogs tested supported increased intracellular sialic acid production within 2h establishing that esterase processing once the analogs are taken up by cells is not rate limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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32
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Abstract
Carbohydrate signatures on tumor cells have functional implications in tumor growth and metastasis and constitute valuable tools in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy. Increasing data regarding the mechanisms by which they are recognized by the immune system are facilitating the design of more efficient immunotherapeutic protocols based on cancer-associated glycan structures. Recent molecular and proteomic studies revealed that carbohydrates are recognized, not only by B cells and antibodies, but also by cells from the innate arm of immunity, as well as by T cells, and are able to induce specific T-cell immunity and cytotoxicity. In this review, we discuss and update the different strategies targeting tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens that are being evaluated for antitumor immunotherapy, an approach that will be highly relevant, especially when combined with other strategies, in the future fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Freire
- UdelaR, Facultad de Medicina, Dept. Inmunobiología, Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- UdelaR, Facultad de Medicina, Dept. Inmunobiología, Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología tumoral, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
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33
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Carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines: target cancer with sugar bullets. Glycoconj J 2012; 29:259-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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Qiu L, Gong X, Wang Q, Li J, Hu H, Wu Q, Zhang J, Guo Z. Combining synthetic carbohydrate vaccines with cancer cell glycoengineering for effective cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:2045-54. [PMID: 22539085 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are useful targets for the development of cancer vaccines or immunotherapies. However, a major obstacle in this application of TACAs is their poor immunogenicity. To overcome the problem, a new immunotherapeutic strategy combining synthetic vaccines made of artificial TACA derivatives and metabolic glycoengineering of cancer cells to express the artificial TACA derivatives was explored. Using a murine leukemia model FBL3 with GM3 antigen as the target, it was shown that artificial GM3 N-phenylacetyl derivative (GM3NPhAc) elicited robust antigen-specific T cell-dependent immunity and that N-phenylacetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNPhAc) as the biosynthetic precursor of GM3NPhAc selectively glycoengineered cancer cells to express GM3NPhAc both in vitro and in vivo. It was also demonstrated that GM3NPhAc-specific antisera and antibodies mediated strong cytotoxicity to ManNPhAc-treated FBL3 cell. Furthermore, vaccination with a conjugate vaccine made of GM3NPhAc followed by ManNPhAc treatment could significantly suppress tumor growth and prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mouse. These results have proved the feasibility of the new cancer immunotherapeutic strategy, as well as its efficacy to cure cancer, which is of general significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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35
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Sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases: natural functions and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:887-905. [PMID: 22526796 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of negatively charged monosaccharides which are commonly presented as the terminal residues in glycans of the glycoconjugates on eukaryotic cell surface or as components of capsular polysaccharides or lipooligosaccharides of some pathogenic bacteria. Due to their important biological and pathological functions, the biosynthesis, activation, transfer, breaking down, and recycle of sialic acids are attracting increasing attention. The understanding of the sialic acid metabolism in eukaryotes and bacteria leads to the development of metabolic engineering approaches for elucidating the important functions of sialic acid in mammalian systems and for large-scale production of sialosides using engineered bacterial cells. As the key enzymes in biosynthesis of sialylated structures, sialyltransferases have been continuously identified from various sources and characterized. Protein crystal structures of seven sialyltransferases have been reported. Wild-type sialyltransferases and their mutants have been applied with or without other sialoside biosynthetic enzymes for producing complex sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. This mini-review focuses on current understanding and applications of sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases.
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36
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Recent advances in developing synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapies. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:545-84. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can often be distinguished from healthy cells by the expression of unique carbohydrate sequences decorating the cell surface as a result of aberrant glycosyltransferase activity occurring within the cell; these unusual carbohydrates can be used as valuable immunological targets in modern vaccine designs to raise carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Many tumor antigens (e.g., GM2, Ley, globo H, sialyl Tn and TF) have been identified to date in a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone evoke poor immunogenicity, owing to their lack of ability in inducing T-cell-dependent immune responses. In order to enhance their immunogenicity and promote long-lasting immune responses, carbohydrates are often chemically modified to link to an immunogenic protein or peptide fragment for eliciting T-cell-dependent responses. This review will present a summary of efforts and advancements made to date on creating carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines, and will include novel approaches to overcoming the poor immunogenicity of carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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37
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Abstract
The development of carbohydrate based anti-cancer vaccines is of high current interests. Herein, the latest development in this exciting field is reviewed. After a general introduction about tumor associated carbohydrate antigens and immune responses, the review is focused on the various strategies that have been developed to enhance the immunogenecity of these antigens. The results from animal studies and clinical trials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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38
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Wang Q, Zhou Z, Tang S, Guo Z. Carbohydrate-monophosphoryl lipid a conjugates are fully synthetic self-adjuvanting cancer vaccines eliciting robust immune responses in the mouse. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:235-40. [PMID: 22013921 DOI: 10.1021/cb200358r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are useful targets in the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines. However, a serious problem with them is the poor immunogenicity. To overcome the problem, a monophosphorylated derivative of Neisseria meningitidis lipid A was explored as a potential carrier molecule and built-in adjuvant for the construction of structurally defined fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. Some paradigm-shifting discoveries about the monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA)-TACA conjugates were that they elicited robust IgG antibody responses, indicating T cell-mediated immunity, without an external adjuvant and that an external adjuvant, e.g., Titermax Gold, actually reduced rather than promoted the immunological activity of the conjugates. The induced antibodies were proved to bind selectively to target tumor cells. MPLA was therefore demonstrated to be a powerful built-in immunostimulant and adjuvant for an all new design of fully synthetic glycoconjugate cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit,
Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit,
Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shouchu Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit,
Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit,
Michigan 48202, United States
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39
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Almaraz RT, Aich U, Khanna HS, Tan E, Bhattacharya R, Shah S, Yarema KJ. Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering with N-Acyl functionalized ManNAc analogs: cytotoxicity, metabolic flux, and glycan-display considerations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:992-1006. [PMID: 22068462 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) is a maturing technology capable of modifying cell surface sugars in living cells and animals through the biosynthetic installation of non-natural monosaccharides into the glycocalyx. A particularly robust area of investigation involves the incorporation of azide functional groups onto the cell surface, which can then be further derivatized using "click chemistry." While considerable effort has gone into optimizing the reagents used for the azide ligation reactions, less optimization of the monosaccharide analogs used in the preceding metabolic incorporation steps has been done. This study fills this void by reporting novel butanoylated ManNAc analogs that are used by cells with greater efficiency and less cytotoxicity than the current "gold standard," which are peracetylated compounds such as Ac₄ ManNAz. In particular, tributanoylated, N-acetyl, N-azido, and N-levulinoyl ManNAc analogs with the high flux 1,3,4-O-hydroxyl pattern of butanoylation were compared with their counterparts having the pro-apoptotic 3,4,6-O-butanoylation pattern. The results reveal that the ketone-bearing N-levulinoyl analog 3,4,6-O-Bu₃ ManNLev is highly apoptotic, and thus is a promising anti-cancer drug candidate. By contrast, the azide-bearing analog 1,3,4-O-Bu₃ ManNAz effectively labeled cellular sialoglycans at concentrations ∼3- to 5-fold lower (e.g., at 12.5-25 µM) than Ac₄ ManNAz (50-150 µM) and exhibited no indications of apoptosis even at concentrations up to 400 µM. In summary, this work extends emerging structure activity relationships that predict the effects of short chain fatty acid modified monosaccharides on mammalian cells and also provides a tangible advance in efforts to make MOE a practical technology for the medical and biotechnology communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben T Almaraz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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40
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Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering: implications for selectin-mediated adhesion and leukocyte extravasation. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:806-15. [PMID: 22037949 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering is an emerging technology wherein non-natural monosaccharide analogs are exogenously supplied to living cells and are biosynthetically incorporated into cell surface glycans. A recently reported application of this methodology employs fluorinated analogs of ManNAc, GlcNAc, and GalNAc to modulate selectin-mediated adhesion associated with leukocyte extravasation and cancer cell metastasis. This monograph outlines possible mechanisms underlying the altered adhesion observed in analog-treated cells; these range from the most straightforward explanation (e.g., structural changes to the selectin ligands ablate interaction with their receptors) to the alternative mechanism where the analogs inhibit or otherwise perturb ligand production to more indirect mechanisms (e.g., changes to the biophysical properties of the selectin binding partner, the nanoenviroment of the binding partners, or the entire cell surface).
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41
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Bond MR, Zhang H, Kim J, Yu SH, Yang F, Patrie SM, Kohler JJ. Metabolism of diazirine-modified N-acetylmannosamine analogues to photo-cross-linking sialosides. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1811-23. [PMID: 21838313 DOI: 10.1021/bc2002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Terminal sialic acid residues often mediate the interactions of cell surface glycoconjugates. Sialic acid-dependent interactions typically exhibit rapid dissociation rates, precluding the use of traditional biological techniques for complex isolation. To stabilize these transient interactions, we employ a targeted photo-cross-linking approach in which a diazirine photo-cross-linker is incorporated into cell surface sialylated glycoconjugates through the use of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. We describe three diazirine-modified N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) analogues in which the length of the linker between the pyranose ring and the diazirine was varied. These analogues were each metabolized to their respective sialic acid counterparts, which were added to both glycoproteins and glycolipids. Diazirine-modified sialic acid analogues could be incorporated into both α2-3 and α2-6 linkages. Upon exposure to UV irradiation, diazirine-modified glycoconjugates were covalently cross-linked to their interaction partners. We demonstrate that all three diazirine-modified analogues were capable of competing with endogeneous sialic acid, albeit to varying degrees. We found that larger analogues were less efficiently metabolized, yet could still function as effective cross-linkers. Notably, the addition of the diazirine substituent interferes with metabolism of ManNAc analogues to glycans other than sialosides, providing fidelity to selectively incorporate the cross-linker into sialylated molecules. These compounds are nontoxic and display only minimal growth inhibition at the concentrations required for cross-linking studies. This report provides essential information for the deployment of photo-cross-linking analogues to capture and study ephemeral, yet essential, sialic acid-mediated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Bond
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, United States
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42
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Deciphering glycan linkages involved in Jurkat cell interactions with gold-coated nanofibers via sugar-displayed thiols. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4980-4. [PMID: 21684742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) provides a method to install novel chemical functional groups into the glycocalyx of living cells. In this Letter we use this technology to compare the impact of replacing natural sialic acid, GalNAc, and GlcNAc with their thiol-bearing counterparts in Jurkat and HL-60 cells. When incubated in the presence of gold-coated nanofibers, only Jurkat cells incubated with Ac(5)ManNTGc-an analogue that installs thiols into sialosides-experienced a distinctive 'spreading' morphology. The comparison of Ac(5)ManNTGc with Ac(5)GalNTGc and Ac(5)GlcNTGc in the two cell lines implicated sialosides of N-linked glycans as critical molecular mediators of the unusual responses evoked in the Jurkat line.
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43
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Wang Q, Guo Z. Synthetic and Immunological Studies of sTn Derivatives Carrying 5-N-(p-Substituted Phenylacetyl)Sialic Acid for the Development of Effective Cancer Vaccines. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:373-378. [PMID: 21691430 DOI: 10.1021/ml100313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To search for effective cancer vaccines based on sTn, a sialylated tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (sialo-TACA) expressed by a number of tumors, four unnatural N-acyl sTn derivatives, including 5'-N-p-methylphenylacetyl sTn (sTnNMePhAc), 5'-N-p-methoxylphenylacetyl sTn (sTnNMeOPhAc), 5'-N-p-acetylphenylacetyl sTn (sTnNAcPhAc) and 5'-N-p-chlorophenylacetyl sTn (sTnNClPhAc), as well as their protein conjugates, were synthesized by a highly convergent procedure. The immunological properties of these sTn derivatives in the form of keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate were evaluated in mice and compared to that of sTnNPhAc, a sTn derivative previously investigated as a vaccine candidate. It was shown that sTnNMePhAc, sTnNMeOPhAc, sTnNAcPhAc and sTnNClPhAc are all much more immunogenic than sTnNPhAc and that they provoked strong T cell-dependent IgG1 immune responses useful for cancer immunotherapy. It was concluded that sTnNClPhAc is a promising candidate for cancer vaccine development and is worthy further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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44
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Whitman CM, Yang F, Kohler JJ. Modified GM3 gangliosides produced by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5006-10. [PMID: 21620696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering is powerful approach to altering the structure of cellular sialosides. This method relies on culturing cells with N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) analogs that are metabolized to their sialic acid counterparts and added to glycoproteins and glycolipids. Here we employed two cell lines that are deficient in ManNAc biosynthesis and examined their relative abilities to metabolize a panel of ManNAc analogs to sialosides. In addition to measuring global sialoside production, we also examined biosynthesis of the sialic acid-containing glycolipid, GM3. We discovered that the two cell lines differ in their ability to discriminate among the variant forms of ManNAc. Further, our data suggest that modified forms of sialic acid may be preferentially incorporated into certain sialosides and excluded from others. Taken together, our results demonstrate that global analysis of sialoside production can obscure sialoside-specific differences. These findings have implications for downstream applications of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering, including imaging and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Whitman
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9185, United States
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45
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Yang F, Zheng XJ, Huo CX, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ye XS. Enhancement of the immunogenicity of synthetic carbohydrate vaccines by chemical modifications of STn antigen. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:252-9. [PMID: 21121644 DOI: 10.1021/cb100287q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal glycans expressed on the surface of tumor cells, known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, increase the chance to develop carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines. However, carbohydrate antigens pose certain difficulties, and the major drawback is their weak immunogenicity. To tackle this problem, numerous structurally modified STn antigens were designed and synthesized in this work. These synthetic antigens were screened in vitro by using competitive ELISA method, and the antigens with positive response were conjugated to the protein carrier for vaccination. The vaccination results on mice showed that some fluorine-containing modifications on the STn antigen can significantly increase the anti-STn IgG titers and improve the ratios of anti-STn IgG/IgM. The antisera can recognize the tumor cells expressing the native STn antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Chang-Xin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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46
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Sahabuddin S, Chang TC, Lin CC, Jan FD, Hsiao HY, Huang KT, Chen JH, Horng JC, Ho JAA, Lin CC. Synthesis of N-modified sTn analogs and evaluation of their immunogenicities by microarray-based immunoassay. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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47
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Bond MR, Whitman CM, Kohler JJ. Metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sialic acid covalently captures a ganglioside-protein complex. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1796-9. [PMID: 20625600 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
When photoirradiated, an unnatural sialic acid analog can covalently capture the complex formed by ganglioside GM1 and cholera toxin subunit B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Bond
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9185, USA.
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48
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Abstract
Recent technological advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry are paving the way for a new era in carbohydrate vaccine design. This is enabling greater efficiency in the identification, synthesis and evaluation of unique glycan epitopes found on a plethora of pathogens and malignant cells. Here, we review the progress being made in addressing challenges posed by targeting the surface carbohydrates of bacteria, protozoa, helminths, viruses, fungi and cancer cells for vaccine purposes.
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49
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Dafik L, d'Alarcao M, Kumar K. Modulation of cellular adhesion by glycoengineering. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4277-84. [PMID: 20438083 DOI: 10.1021/jm100374g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation of lipid and protein molecules on cellular surfaces is responsible for many of the pathophysiological events in tumor progression and metastasis. Sialic acids in particular, are overexpressed on the glycocalyx of malignant tumor cells and sialic acid-mediated cell adhesion is required for metastasis. We report here that replacement of sialic acids on cell surfaces with fluorinated congeners dramatically decreases cell adhesion to E- and P-selectin-coated surfaces. Comparison of adhesion of fluorinated cells with those modified with nonfluorinated analogues suggests that both reduce binding of the modified sialosides to their cognate lectins to a similar extent on a per molecule basis. The overall reduction in cell adhesion results from greater cell surface presentation of the fluorinated congeners. This work suggests an avenue for inhibition of metastasis by administration of small molecules and concomitant noninvasive imaging of tumor cells by (19)F MRI before they are visible by other means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Dafik
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Abstract
Sialic acids are a subset of nonulosonic acids, which are nine-carbon alpha-keto aldonic acids. Natural existing sialic acid-containing structures are presented in different sialic acid forms, various sialyl linkages, and on diverse underlying glycans. They play important roles in biological, pathological, and immunological processes. Sialobiology has been a challenging and yet attractive research area. Recent advances in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis, as well as large-scale E. coli cell-based production, have provided a large library of sialoside standards and derivatives in amounts sufficient for structure-activity relationship studies. Sialoglycan microarrays provide an efficient platform for quick identification of preferred ligands for sialic acid-binding proteins. Future research on sialic acid will continue to be at the interface of chemistry and biology. Research efforts not only will lead to a better understanding of the biological and pathological importance of sialic acids and their diversity but also could lead to the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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