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Dzień E, Wątły J, Kola A, Mikołajczyk A, Miller A, Matera-Witkiewicz A, Valensin D, Rowińska-Żyrek M. Impact of metal coordination and pH on the antimicrobial activity of histatin 5 and the products of its hydrolysis. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7561-7570. [PMID: 38606466 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00565a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This work focuses on the relationship between the coordination chemistry and antimicrobial activity of Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes of histatin 5 and the products of its hydrolysis: its N-terminal fragment (histatin 5-8) and C-terminal fragment (histatin 8). Cu(II) coordinates in an albumin-like binding mode and Zn(II) binds to up to 3 His imidazoles. The antimicrobial activity of histatins and their metal complexes (i) strongly depends on pH - they are more active at pH 5.4 than at 7.4; (ii) the complexes and ligands alone are more effective in eradicating Gram-positive bacteria than the Gram-negative ones, and (iii) Zn(II) coordination is able to change the structure of the N-terminal region of histatin 5 (histatin 5-8) and moderately increase all of the studied histatins' antimicrobial potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Dzień
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wątły
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Arian Kola
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Mikołajczyk
- Screening of Biological Activity Assays and Collection of Biological Material Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University Biobank, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adriana Miller
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz
- Screening of Biological Activity Assays and Collection of Biological Material Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University Biobank, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Daniela Valensin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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2
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Campbell JX, Schulte NB, Lai B, Harris HH, Franz KJ. Histatin-5 interacts with cellular copper to promote antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad070. [PMID: 38061812 PMCID: PMC10733623 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Histatin-5 (Hist-5) is an antimicrobial peptide found in human saliva that functions to defend the oral cavity from microbial infections, such as those caused by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans (C. albicans). Hist-5 can bind Cu in multiple oxidation states, Cu2+ and Cu+in vitro, and supplemental Cu2+ has been shown to improve the fungicidal activity of the peptide against C. albicans in culture. However, the exact role of Cu on the antifungal activity of Hist-5 and whether direct peptide-Cu interactions occur intracellularly has yet to be fully determined. Here, we used a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy experiments to show reversible Cu-dependent quenching of a fluorescent Hist-5 analogue, Hist-5*, indicating a direct interaction between Hist-5 and intracellular Cu. X-ray fluorescence microscopy images revealed peptide-induced changes to cellular Cu distribution and cell-associated Cu content. These data support a model in which Hist-5 can facilitate the hyperaccumulation of Cu in C. albicans and directly interact with Cu intracellularly to increase the fungicidal activity of Hist-5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barry Lai
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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3
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Zolin GVS, da Fonseca FH, Zambom CR, Garrido SS. Histatin 5 Metallopeptides and Their Potential against Candida albicans Pathogenicity and Drug Resistance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081209. [PMID: 34439875 PMCID: PMC8391865 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Usually caused by Candida albicans, buccal candidiasis begins with the morphological transition between yeast and hyphal cells. Over time and without the correct treatment, it can be disseminated through the bloodstream becoming a systemic infection with high mortality rates. C. albicans already shows resistance against antifungals commonly used in treatments. Therefore, the search for new drugs capable of overcoming antifungal resistance is essential. Histatin 5 (Hst5) is an antimicrobial peptide of the Histatin family, that can be found naturally in human saliva. This peptide presents high antifungal activity against C. albicans. However, Hst5 action can be decreased for interaction with enzymes and metal ions present in the oral cavity. The current work aims to bring a brief review of relevant aspects of the pathogenesis and resistance mechanisms already reported for C. albicans. In addition, are also reported here the main immune responses of the human body and the most common antifungal drugs. Finally, the most important aspects regarding Histatin 5 and the benefits of its interaction with metals are highlighted. The intention of this review is to show the promising use of Hst5 metallopeptides in the development of effective drugs.
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4
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Moulahoum H, Ghorbani Zamani F, Timur S, Zihnioglu F. Metal Binding Antimicrobial Peptides in Nanoparticle Bio-functionalization: New Heights in Drug Delivery and Therapy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:48-63. [PMID: 31001788 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are considered very important due to the diversity expressed through their amino acid sequence, structure variation, large spectrum, and their essential role in biological systems. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) emerged as a potent tool in therapy owing to their antimicrobial properties but also their ability to trespass the membranes, specificity, and low toxicity. They comprise a variety of peptides from which specific amino acid-rich peptides are of interest to the current review due to their features in metal interaction and cell penetration. Histidine-rich peptides such as Histatins belong to the metal binding salivary residing peptides with efficient antibacterial, antifungal, and wound-healing activities. Furthermore, their ability to activate in acidic environment attracted the attention to their potential in therapy. The current review covers the current knowledge about AMPs and critically assess the potential of associating with metal ions both structurally and functionally. This review provides interesting hints for the advantages provided by AMPs and metal ions in biomedicine, making use of their direct properties in brain diseases therapy or in the creation of new bio-functionalized nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Faezeh Ghorbani Zamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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5
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Glasmacher S, Gertsch J. Characterization of pepcan-23 as pro-peptide of RVD-hemopressin (pepcan-12) and stability of hemopressins in mice. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 80:100808. [PMID: 33799079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemopressins ((x)-PVNFKLLSH) or peptide endocannabinoids (pepcans) can bind to cannabinoid receptors. RVD-hemopressin (pepcan-12) was shown to act as endogenous allosteric modulator of cannabinoid receptors, with opposite effects on CB1 and CB2, respectively. Moreover, the N-terminally elongated pepcan-23 was detected in different tissues and was postulated to be the pro-peptide of RVD-hemopressin. Currently, data about the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and stability of hemopressin-type peptides are lacking. Here we investigated the secondary structure and physiological role of pepcan-23 as precursor of RVD-hemopressin. We assessed the metabolic stability of these peptides, including hemopressin. Using LC-ESI-MS/MS, pepcan-23 was measured in mouse tissues and human whole blood (~50 pmol/mL) and in plasma was the most stable endogenous peptide containing the hemopressin sequence. Using peptide spiked human whole blood, mouse adrenal gland and liver homogenates demonstrate that pepcan-23 acts as endogenous pro-peptide of RVD-hemopressin. Furthermore, administered pepcan-23 converted to RVD-hemopressin in mice. In circular dichroism spectroscopy, pepcan-23 showed a helix-unordered-helix structure and efficiently formed complexes with divalent metal ions, in particular Cu(II) and Ni(II). Hemopressin and RVD-hemopressin were not bioavailable to the brain and showed poor stability in plasma, in agreement with their overall poor biodistribution. Acute hemopressin administration (100 mg/kg) did not modulate endogenous RVD-hemopressin/pepcan-23 levels or influence the endocannabinoid lipidome but increased 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol. Overall, we show that pepcan-23 is a biological pro-peptide of RVD-hemopressin and divalent metal ions may regulate this process. Given the lack of metabolic stability of hemopressins, administration of pepcan-23 as pro-peptide may be suitable in pharmacological experiments as it is converted to RVD-hemopressin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Glasmacher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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6
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Portelinha J, Duay SS, Yu SI, Heilemann K, Libardo MDJ, Juliano SA, Klassen JL, Angeles-Boza AM. Antimicrobial Peptides and Copper(II) Ions: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2648-2712. [PMID: 33524257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of new pathogens and multidrug resistant bacteria is an important public health issue that requires the development of novel classes of antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising platform with great potential for the identification of new lead compounds that can combat the aforementioned pathogens due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and relatively low rate of resistance emergence. AMPs of multicellular organisms made their debut four decades ago thanks to ingenious researchers who asked simple questions about the resistance to bacterial infections of insects. Questions such as "Do fruit flies ever get sick?", combined with pioneering studies, have led to an understanding of AMPs as universal weapons of the immune system. This review focuses on a subclass of AMPs that feature a metal binding motif known as the amino terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) motif. One of the metal-based strategies of hosts facing a pathogen, it includes wielding the inherent toxicity of copper and deliberately trafficking this metal ion into sites of infection. The sudden increase in the concentration of copper ions in the presence of ATCUN-containing AMPs (ATCUN-AMPs) likely results in a synergistic interaction. Herein, we examine common structural features in ATCUN-AMPs that exist across species, and we highlight unique features that deserve additional attention. We also present the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms behind their antimicrobial activity and the methods available to study this promising class of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Portelinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Searle S Duay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Chemistry Department, Adamson University, 900 San Marcelino Street, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Seung I Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Kara Heilemann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - M Daben J Libardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Samuel A Juliano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jonathan L Klassen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Alfredo M Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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7
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Maiti BK, Govil N, Kundu T, Moura JJ. Designed Metal-ATCUN Derivatives: Redox- and Non-redox-Based Applications Relevant for Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine. iScience 2020; 23:101792. [PMID: 33294799 PMCID: PMC7701195 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The designed "ATCUN" motif (amino-terminal copper and nickel binding site) is a replica of naturally occurring ATCUN site found in many proteins/peptides, and an attractive platform for multiple applications, which include nucleases, proteases, spectroscopic probes, imaging, and small molecule activation. ATCUN motifs are engineered at periphery by conjugation to recombinant proteins, peptides, fluorophores, or recognition domains through chemically or genetically, fulfilling the needs of various biological relevance and a wide range of practical usages. This chemistry has witnessed significant growth over the last few decades and several interesting ATCUN derivatives have been described. The redox role of the ATCUN moieties is also an important aspect to be considered. The redox potential of designed M-ATCUN derivatives is modulated by judicious choice of amino acid (including stereochemistry, charge, and position) that ultimately leads to the catalytic efficiency. In this context, a wide range of M-ATCUN derivatives have been designed purposefully for various redox- and non-redox-based applications, including spectroscopic probes, target-based catalytic metallodrugs, inhibition of amyloid-β toxicity, and telomere shortening, enzyme inactivation, biomolecules stitching or modification, next-generation antibiotic, and small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K. Maiti
- National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla Campus, Barfung Block, Ravangla Sub Division, South Sikkim 737139, India
| | - Nidhi Govil
- National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla Campus, Barfung Block, Ravangla Sub Division, South Sikkim 737139, India
| | - Taraknath Kundu
- National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla Campus, Barfung Block, Ravangla Sub Division, South Sikkim 737139, India
| | - José J.G. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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8
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Paredes SD, Kim S, Rooney MT, Greenwood AI, Hristova K, Cotten ML. Enhancing the membrane activity of Piscidin 1 through peptide metallation and the presence of oxidized lipid species: Implications for the unification of host defense mechanisms at lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Specific metallo-protein interactions and antimicrobial activity in Histatin-5, an intrinsically disordered salivary peptide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17303. [PMID: 31754129 PMCID: PMC6872563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histatin-5 (Hst-5) is an antimicrobial, salivary protein that is involved in the host defense system. Hst-5 has been proposed to bind functionally relevant zinc and copper but presents challenges in structural studies due to its disordered conformation in aqueous solution. Here, we used circular dichroism (CD) and UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy to define metallo-Hst-5 interactions in aqueous solution. A zinc-containing Hst-5 sample exhibits shifted Raman bands, relative to bands observed in the absence of zinc. Based on comparison to model compounds and to a family of designed, zinc-binding beta hairpins, the alterations in the Hst-5 UVRR spectrum are attributed to zinc coordination by imidazole side chains. Zinc addition also shifted a tyrosine aromatic ring UVRR band through an electrostatic interaction. Copper addition did not have these effects. A sequence variant, H18A/H19A, was employed; this mutant has less potent antifungal activity, when compared to Hst-5. Zinc addition had only a small effect on the thermal stability of this mutant. Interestingly, both zinc and copper addition shifted histidine UVRR bands in a manner diagnostic for metal coordination. Results obtained with a K13E/R22G mutant were similar to those obtained with wildtype. These experiments show that H18 and H19 contribute to a zinc binding site. In the H18A/H19A mutant the specificity of the copper/zinc binding sites is lost. The experiments implicate specific zinc binding to be important in the antimicrobial activity of Hst-5.
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10
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Komatsu T, Kobayashi K, Helmerhorst E, Oppenheim F, Chang-Il Lee M. Direct assessment of the antioxidant property of salivary histatin. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:217-222. [PMID: 31777423 PMCID: PMC6877405 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histatin, a salivary protein, affects oral homeostasis through preservation of tooth integrity and protection against caries and fungal infections. However, the effects of histatin in the generation of oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species and in the oral cavity remain unclear. In this study, the effects of histatin on direct reactive oxygen species scavenging activity were examined using electron spin resonance. We demonstrated, for the first time, that histatin exhibits antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton's reaction by metal chelation or binding. The direct antioxidant effects of histatin, along with its antimicrobial activity, may be important in the oral protection of salivary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Komatsu
- Division of Dentistry for the Special Patient, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.,Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Oral Health Research Center & Oxidative Stress/ESR Laboratories, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kyo Kobayashi
- Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Oral Health Research Center & Oxidative Stress/ESR Laboratories, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Eva Helmerhorst
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Albany street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Frank Oppenheim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Albany street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Masaichi Chang-Il Lee
- Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Oral Health Research Center & Oxidative Stress/ESR Laboratories, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
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11
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van Dijk IA, Veerman ECI, Reits EAJ, Bolscher JGM, Stap J. Salivary peptide histatin 1 mediated cell adhesion: a possible role in mesenchymal-epithelial transition and in pathologies. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1409-1419. [PMID: 30138105 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histatins are histidine-rich peptides present in the saliva of humans and higher primates and have been implicated in the protection of the oral cavity. Histatin 1 is one of the most abundant histatins and recent reports show that it has a stimulating effect on cellular adherence, thereby suggesting a role in maintaining the quality of the epithelial barrier and stimulating mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Here we summarize these findings and discuss them in the context of previous reports. The recent findings also provide new insights in the physiological functions of histatin 1, which are discussed here. Furthermore, we put forward a possible role of histatin 1 in various pathologies and its potential function in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A van Dijk
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enno C I Veerman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, NL-1081 AL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A J Reits
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, NL-1081 AL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, NL-1081 AL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stap
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Rai RK, Angelis AD, Greenwood A, Opella SJ, Cotten ML. Metal-ion Binding to Host Defense Peptide Piscidin 3 Observed in Phospholipid Bilayers by Magic Angle Spinning Solid-state NMR. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:295-301. [PMID: 30471190 PMCID: PMC6494093 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of the innate immune system. They have attracted interest as novel compounds with the potential to treat infections associated with multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this study, we investigate piscidin 3 (P3), an AMP that was first discovered in the mast cells of hybrid striped bass. Prior studies showed that P3 is less active than its homolog piscidin 1 (P1) against planktonic bacteria. However, P3 has the advantage of being less toxic to mammalian cells and more active on biofilms and persister cells. Both P1 and P3 cross bacterial membranes and co-localize with intracellular DNA but P3 is more condensing to DNA while P1 is more membrane active. Recently, we showed that both peptides coordinate Cu2+ through an amino-terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) motif. We also demonstrated that the bactericidal effects of P3 are linked to its ability to form radicals that nick DNA in the presence of Cu2+ . Since metal binding and membrane crossing by P3 is biologically important, we apply in this study solid-state NMR spectroscopy to uniformly 13 C-15 N-labeled peptide samples to structurally characterize the ATCUN motif of P3 bound to bilayers and coordinated to Ni2+ and Cu2+ . These experiments are supplemented with density functional theory calculations. Taken together, these studies refine the arrangement of not only the backbone but also side chain atoms of an AMP simultaneously bound to metal ions and phospholipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Kumar Rai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0307 (USA)
| | - Anna De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0307 (USA)
| | - Alexander Greenwood
- Department of Applied Science, Department of Physics The College of William and Mary Williamsburg, VA 23185 (USA), Fax: (757)-221-2050,
| | - Stanley J. Opella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0307 (USA)
| | - Myriam L. Cotten
- Department of Applied Science, Department of Physics The College of William and Mary Williamsburg, VA 23185 (USA), Fax: (757)-221-2050,
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13
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The role of natural salivary defences in maintaining a healthy oral microbiota. J Dent 2019; 80 Suppl 1:S3-S12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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14
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Gonzalez P, Bossak K, Stefaniak E, Hureau C, Raibauta L, Balc W, Faller P. N-Terminal Cu-Binding Motifs (Xxx-Zzz-His, Xxx-His) and Their Derivatives: Chemistry, Biology and Medicinal Applications. Chemistry 2018; 24:8029-8041. [PMID: 29336493 PMCID: PMC6152890 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins with N-terminal amino acid sequences NH2 -Xxx-His (XH) and NH2 -Xxx-Zzz-His (XZH) form well-established high-affinity CuII -complexes. Key examples are Asp-Ala-His (in serum albumin) and Gly-His-Lys, the wound healing factor. This opens a straightforward way to add a high-affinity CuII -binding site to almost any peptide or protein, by chemical or recombinant approaches. Thus, these motifs, NH2 -Xxx-Zzz-His in particular, have been used to equip peptides and proteins with a multitude of functions based on the redox activity of Cu, including nuclease, protease, glycosidase, or oxygen activation properties, useful in anticancer or antimicrobial drugs. More recent research suggests novel biological functions, mainly based on the redox inertness of CuII in XZH, like PET imaging (with 64 Cu), chelation therapies (for instance in Alzheimer's disease and other types of neurodegeneration), antioxidant units, Cu transporters and activation of biological functions by strong CuII binding. This Review gives an overview of the chemical properties of Cu-XH and -XZH motifs and discusses the pros and cons of the vastly different biological applications, and how they could be improved depending on the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gonzalez
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177,CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Karolina Bossak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, dediPolish Academy of
Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stefaniak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, dediPolish Academy of
Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christelle Hureau
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT ; LCC; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Raibauta
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177,CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wojciech Balc
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, dediPolish Academy of
Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177,CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France
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15
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Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are short amphipathic peptides that are produced by the innate immune system in order to protect a host from pathogens. They have been shown to have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as antifungal, antiprotozoan, and antiviral activity. These peptides are able to exert their activity through a variety of mechanisms that include inhibiting DNA and RNA replication, inhibiting protein synthesis, permeabilizing the cell membrane, disrupting proton and ion transmembrane gradients, and inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Certain antimicrobial peptides are able to utilize metals to modulate their activity through structural changes upon metal binding, metal sequestration, and redox chemistry. This work aims to provide a review of the current literature regarding the influence of metals on the activity of antimicrobial metallopeptides and their uses in drug delivery and the treatment of implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Alexander
- Evans Laboratory of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zechariah Thompson
- Evans Laboratory of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - J. A. Cowan
- Evans Laboratory of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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16
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Mena S, Mirats A, Caballero AB, Guirado G, Barrios LA, Teat SJ, Rodriguez-Santiago L, Sodupe M, Gamez P. Drastic Effect of the Peptide Sequence on the Copper-Binding Properties of Tripeptides and the Electrochemical Behaviour of Their Copper(II) Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:5153-5162. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mena
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Andrea Mirats
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Ana B. Caballero
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Leoní A. Barrios
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Luis Rodriguez-Santiago
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Mariona Sodupe
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Patrick Gamez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies; Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB); Universitat de Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
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17
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Łoboda D, Kozłowski H, Rowińska-Żyrek M. Antimicrobial peptide–metal ion interactions – a potential way of activity enhancement. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04709f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the potential correlation between the antimicrobial peptide–metal binding mode, structure, thermodynamics and mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Łoboda
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wroclaw
- 50-383 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - H. Kozłowski
- Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole
- 45-060 Opole
- Poland
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18
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Alexander JL, Yu Z, Cowan JA. Amino Terminal Copper and Nickel Binding Motif Derivatives of Ovispirin-3 Display Increased Antimicrobial Activity via Lipid Oxidation. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10047-10055. [PMID: 29172482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Alexander
- Evans Laboratory of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zhen Yu
- Evans Laboratory of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - J. A Cowan
- Evans Laboratory of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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19
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Jeżowska-Bojczuk M, Stokowa-Sołtys K. Peptides having antimicrobial activity and their complexes with transition metal ions. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:997-1009. [PMID: 29232589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptide antibiotics are produced by bacterial, mammalian, insect or plant organisms in defense against invasive microbial pathogens. Therefore, they are gaining importance as anti-infective agents. There are a number of antibiotics that require metal ions to function properly. Metal ions play a key role in their action and are involved in specific interactions with proteins, nucleic acids and other biomolecules. On the other hand, it is well known that some antimicrobial agents possess functional groups that enable them interacting with metal ions present in physiological fluids. Some findings support a hypothesis that they may alter the serum metal ions concentration in humans. Complexes usually have a higher positive charge than uncomplexed compounds. This means that they might interact more tightly with polyanionic DNA and RNA molecules. It has been shown that several metal ion complexes with antibiotics promote degradation of DNA. Some of them, such as bleomycin, form stable complexes with redox metal ions and split the nucleic acids chain via the free radicals mechanism. However, this is not a rule. For example blasticidin does not cause DNA damage. This indicates that some peptide antibiotics can be considered as ligands that effectively lower the oxidative activity of transition metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamila Stokowa-Sołtys
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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20
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Agbale CM, Cardoso MH, Galyuon IK, Franco OL. Designing metallodrugs with nuclease and protease activity. Metallomics 2017; 8:1159-1169. [PMID: 27714031 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00133e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The accidental discovery of cisplatin some 50 years ago generated renewed interest in metallopharmaceuticals. Beyond cisplatin, many useful metallodrugs have been synthesized for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, but toxicity concerns, and the propensity to induce chemoresistance and secondary cancers make it imperative to search for novel metallodrugs that address these limitations. The Amino Terminal Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) (ATCUN) binding motif has emerged as a suitable template to design catalytic metallodrugs with nuclease and protease activities. Unlike their classical counterparts, ATCUN-based metallodrugs exhibit low toxicity, employ novel mechanisms to irreversibly inactivate disease-associated genes or proteins providing in principle, a channel to circumvent the rapid emergence of chemoresistance. The ATCUN motif thus presents novel strategies for the treatment of many diseases including cancers, HIV and infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria at the genetic level. This review discusses their design, mechanisms of action and potential for further development to expand their scope of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Mawuli Agbale
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana and S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. and Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, 70719-100 Brasília, DF, Brazil and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Isaac Kojo Galyuon
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. and Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, 70719-100 Brasília, DF, Brazil and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
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21
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Maiti BK, Almeida RM, Maia LB, Moura I, Moura JJG. Insights into the Molybdenum/Copper Heterometallic Cluster Assembly in the Orange Protein: Probing Intermolecular Interactions with an Artificial Metal-Binding ATCUN Tag. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8900-8911. [PMID: 28742344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Orange protein (ORP) is a small bacterial protein, of unknown function, that contains a unique molybdenum/copper heterometallic cluster, [S2MoVIS2CuIS2MoVIS2]3- (Mo/Cu), non-covalently bound. The native cluster can be reconstituted in a protein-assisted mode by the addition of CuII plus tetrathiomolybdate to apo-ORP under controlled conditions. In the work described herein, we artificially inserted the ATCUN ("amino terminus Cu and Ni") motif in the Desulfovibrio gigas ORP (Ala1Ser2His3 followed by the native amino acid residues; modified protein abbreviated as ORP*) to increase our understanding of the Mo/Cu cluster assembly in ORP. The apo-ORP* binds CuII in a 1:1 ratio to yield CuII-ORP*, as clearly demonstrated by EPR (g||,⊥ = 2.183, 2.042 and ACu||,⊥ = 207 × 10-4 cm-1, 19 × 10-4 cm-1) and UV-visible spectroscopies (typical d-d transition bands at 520 nm, ε = 90 M-1 cm-1). The 1H NMR spectrum shows that His3 and His53 are significantly affected upon the addition of the CuII. The X-ray structure shows that these two residues are very far apart (Cα-Cα ≈ 27.9 Å), leading us to suggest that the metal-induced NMR perturbations are due to the interaction of two protein molecules with a single metal ion. Docking analysis supports the metal-mediated dimer formation. The subsequent tetrathiomolybdate binding, to yield the native Mo/Cu cluster, occurs only upon addition of dithiothreitol, as shown by UV-visible and NMR spectroscopies. Additionally, 1H NMR of AgI-ORP* (AgI used as a surrogate of CuI) showed that AgI strongly binds to a native methionine sulfur atom rather than to the ATCUN site, suggesting that CuII and CuI have two different binding sites in ORP*. A detailed mechanism for the formation of the Mo/Cu cluster is discussed, suggesting that CuII is reduced to CuI and transferred from the ATCUN motif to the methionine site; finally, CuI is transferred to the cluster-binding region, upon the interaction of two protein molecules. This result may suggest that copper trafficking is triggered by redox-dependent coordination properties of copper in a trafficking pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Maiti
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui M Almeida
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luisa B Maia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J G Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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22
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Juliano SA, Pierce S, deMayo JA, Balunas MJ, Angeles-Boza AM. Exploration of the Innate Immune System of Styela clava: Zn2+ Binding Enhances the Antimicrobial Activity of the Tunicate Peptide Clavanin A. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1403-1414. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Juliano
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Scott Pierce
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - James A. deMayo
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Marcy J. Balunas
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Alfredo M. Angeles-Boza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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23
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Miyamoto T, Fukino Y, Kamino S, Ueda M, Enomoto S. Enhanced stability of Cu2+–ATCUN complexes under physiologically relevant conditions by insertion of structurally bulky and hydrophobic amino acid residues into the ATCUN motif. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9436-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01387b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stability of Cu2+–ATCUN complexes under physiologically relevant conditions is enhanced by inserting bulky and hydrophobic residues at positions 1 and 2 of the ATCUN peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Dentistry
- and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
| | - Yuta Fukino
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Dentistry
- and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
| | - Shinichiro Kamino
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Dentistry
- and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
| | - Masashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Dentistry
- and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
| | - Shuichi Enomoto
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Dentistry
- and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
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24
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Zhang C, Liu J, Yu W, Sun D, Sun X. Susceptibility to corrosion of laser welding composite arch wire in artificial saliva of salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 55:267-71. [PMID: 26117761 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, laser-welded composite arch wire (CAW) with a copper interlayer was exposed to artificial saliva containing salivary amylase or pancreatic amylase, and the resultant corrosion behavior was studied. The purpose was to determine the mechanisms by which salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase contribute to corrosion. The effects of amylase on the electrochemical resistance of CAW were tested by potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The dissolved corrosion products were determined by ICP-OES, and the surfaces were analyzed by SEM, AFM and EDS. The results showed that both exposure to salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase significantly improved the corrosion resistance of CAW. Even isozyme could have different influences on the alloy surface. When performing in vitro research of materials to be used in oral cavity, the effect of α-amylase should be taken into account since a simple saline solution does not entirely simulate the physiological situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, No. 366 South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou 510280, PR China.
| | - Jiming Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Jilin University, No. 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Jilin University, No. 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Daqian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No. 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, PR China
| | - Xinhua Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, Jilin University, No. 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
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25
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Hybrid peptide ATCUN-sh-Buforin: Influence of the ATCUN charge and stereochemistry on antimicrobial activity. Biochimie 2015; 113:143-55. [PMID: 25891844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria has resulted in the need to develop more potent antimicrobials that target microorganisms in a novel manner. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) show great potential for drug development because of their broad activity and unique mechanism of action. Several AMPs contain an Amino Terminal Copper and Nickel (ATCUN) binding motif; however, its function has not yet been determined. We have previously demonstrated that the activity of a truncated version of Buforin II (sh-Buforin, RAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRK-NH2) increases by the addition of an ATCUN motif. We now focus our current studies on understanding the effect of: 1) a positively charged ATCUN sequence, and 2) l-to-d amino acid substitution on the hybrid peptides. We identified that the addition of a positively charged ATCUN motif increases the affinity of the ATCUN-AMP for DNA but does not always result in an enhanced antimicrobial activity over a neutral ATCUN motif. The all-d peptides exhibited up to a 32-fold increase in antimicrobial activity compared to the all-l peptides. The larger activity of the all-d peptides is the result of a larger DNA cleavage activity and higher stability towards proteolysis. Cytotoxicity assays determined that, at their MIC, these peptides caused less than 8% hemolysis and, at 128 μM, no toxicity to HeLa and HEK293 cell lines. These results indicate that the ATCUN-AMP hybrids are an attractive alternative for treating infectious diseases and provide key insights into the role of the ATCUN motif in naturally-occurring AMPs.
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26
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Insights into the antimicrobial properties of hepcidins: advantages and drawbacks as potential therapeutic agents. Molecules 2015; 20:6319-41. [PMID: 25867823 PMCID: PMC6272296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing frequency of multi-drug resistant microorganisms has driven research into alternative therapeutic strategies. In this respect, natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold much promise as candidates for the development of novel antibiotics. However, AMPs have some intrinsic drawbacks, such as partial degradation by host proteases or inhibition by host body fluid composition, potential toxicity, and high production costs. This review focuses on the hepcidins, which are peptides produced by the human liver with a known role in iron homeostasis, as well by numerous other organisms (including fish, reptiles, other mammals), and their potential as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Interestingly, the antimicrobial properties of human hepcidins are enhanced at acidic pH, rendering these peptides appealing for the design of new drugs targeting infections that occur in body areas with acidic physiological pH. This review not only considers current research on the direct killing activity of these peptides, but evaluates the potential application of these molecules as coating agents preventing biofilm formation and critically assesses technical obstacles preventing their therapeutic application.
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27
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da Costa JP, Cova M, Ferreira R, Vitorino R. Antimicrobial peptides: an alternative for innovative medicines? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2023-40. [PMID: 25586583 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are small molecules with activity against bacteria, yeasts, fungi, viruses, bacteria, and even tumor cells that make these molecules attractive as therapeutic agents. Due to the alarming increase of antimicrobial resistance, interest in alternative antimicrobial agents has led to the exploitation of antimicrobial peptides, both synthetic and from natural sources. Thus, many peptide-based drugs are currently commercially available for the treatment of numerous ailments, such as hepatitis C, myeloma, skin infections, and diabetes. Initial barriers are being increasingly overcome with the development of cost-effective, more stable peptides. Herein, we review the available strategies for their synthesis, bioinformatics tools for the rational design of antimicrobial peptides with enhanced therapeutic indices, hurdles and shortcomings limiting the large-scale production of AMPs, as well as the challenges that the pharmaceutical industry faces on their use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pinto da Costa
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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28
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Libardo MDJ, Nagella S, Lugo A, Pierce S, Angeles-Boza AM. Copper-binding tripeptide motif increases potency of the antimicrobial peptide Anoplin via Reactive Oxygen Species generation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:446-51. [PMID: 25482446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are broad spectrum antimicrobial agents that act through diverse mechanisms, this characteristic makes them suitable starting points for development of novel classes of antibiotics. We have previously reported the increase in activity of AMPs upon addition of the Amino Terminal Copper and Nickel (ATCUN) Binding Unit. Herein we synthesized the membrane active peptide, Anoplin and two ATCUN-Anoplin derivatives and show that the increase in activity is indeed due to the ROS formation by the Cu(II)-ATCUN complex. We found that the ATCUN-Anoplin peptides were up to four times more potent compared to Anoplin alone against standard test bacteria. We studied membrane disruption, and cellular localization and found that addition of the ATCUN motif did not lead to a difference in these properties. When helical content was calculated, we observed that ATCUN-Anoplin had a lower helical composition. We found that ATCUN-Anoplin are able to oxidatively damage lipids in the bacterial membrane and that their activity trails the rate at which ROS is formed by the Cu(II)-ATCUN complexes alone. This study shows that addition of a metal binding tripeptide motif is a simple strategy to increase potency of AMPs by conferring a secondary action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daben J Libardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sai Nagella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Andrea Lugo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Scott Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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29
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Libardo MDJ, Angeles-Boza AM. Bioinorganic Chemistry of Antimicrobial and Host-Defense Peptides. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2014.960923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Zawisza I, Mital M, Polkowska-Nowakowska A, Bonna A, Bal W. The impact of synthetic analogs of histidine on copper(II) and nickel(II) coordination properties to an albumin-like peptide. Possible leads towards new metallodrugs. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 139:1-8. [PMID: 24950384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our research was to obtain peptidomimetics possessing Cu(II) and Ni(II) binding properties, which would be useful for biomedical applications. In this context we used potentiometry, UV-VIS and CD spectroscopies to characterize the Cu(II) and Ni(II) binding properties of pentapeptide analogs of the N-terminal sequence of histatin 5. The peptides investigated had a general sequence DSXAK-am (am stands for C-terminal amide), with X including His and its three synthetic analogs, (4-thiazolyl)-L-alanine (1), (2-pyridyl)-L-alanine (2), and (pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine (3). The heterocyclic nitrogens present in these analogs were significantly more acidic than that of the His imidazole. We found that DSXAK-am peptides were able to bind Cu(II) and Ni(II) and form 4N complexes in a cooperative fashion, with similar affinities. These results indicate that acidic heterocyclic amino acids provide a viable alternative for histidine in peptidomimetics designed for metal ion binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zawisza
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Mital
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Arkadiusz Bonna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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31
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Wang G. Human antimicrobial peptides and proteins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:545-94. [PMID: 24828484 PMCID: PMC4035769 DOI: 10.3390/ph7050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the key components of innate immunity, human host defense antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) play a critical role in warding off invading microbial pathogens. In addition, AMPs can possess other biological functions such as apoptosis, wound healing, and immune modulation. This article provides an overview on the identification, activity, 3D structure, and mechanism of action of human AMPs selected from the antimicrobial peptide database. Over 100 such peptides have been identified from a variety of tissues and epithelial surfaces, including skin, eyes, ears, mouths, gut, immune, nervous and urinary systems. These peptides vary from 10 to 150 amino acids with a net charge between -3 and +20 and a hydrophobic content below 60%. The sequence diversity enables human AMPs to adopt various 3D structures and to attack pathogens by different mechanisms. While α-defensin HD-6 can self-assemble on the bacterial surface into nanonets to entangle bacteria, both HNP-1 and β-defensin hBD-3 are able to block cell wall biosynthesis by binding to lipid II. Lysozyme is well-characterized to cleave bacterial cell wall polysaccharides but can also kill bacteria by a non-catalytic mechanism. The two hydrophobic domains in the long amphipathic α-helix of human cathelicidin LL-37 lays the basis for binding and disrupting the curved anionic bacterial membrane surfaces by forming pores or via the carpet model. Furthermore, dermcidin may serve as ion channel by forming a long helix-bundle structure. In addition, the C-type lectin RegIIIα can initially recognize bacterial peptidoglycans followed by pore formation in the membrane. Finally, histatin 5 and GAPDH(2-32) can enter microbial cells to exert their effects. It appears that granulysin enters cells and kills intracellular pathogens with the aid of pore-forming perforin. This arsenal of human defense proteins not only keeps us healthy but also inspires the development of a new generation of personalized medicine to combat drug-resistant superbugs, fungi, viruses, parasites, or cancer. Alternatively, multiple factors (e.g., albumin, arginine, butyrate, calcium, cyclic AMP, isoleucine, short-chain fatty acids, UV B light, vitamin D, and zinc) are able to induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides, opening new avenues to the development of anti-infectious drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA.
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Deshpande MS, Junedi S, Prakash H, Nagao S, Yamanaka M, Hirota S. DNA cleavage by oxymyoglobin and cysteine-introduced metmyoglobin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15034-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06617k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA was cleaved oxidatively by oxygenated myoglobin, whereas Lys96Cys metmyoglobin functioned as an artificial nuclease under air by formation of an oxygenated species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sendy Junedi
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma, Japan
| | - Halan Prakash
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma, Japan
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
| | - Satoshi Nagao
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shun Hirota
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma, Japan
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Yu Y, Zhou M, Kirsch F, Xu C, Zhang L, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Wang N, Li J, Eitinger T, Yang M. Planar substrate-binding site dictates the specificity of ECF-type nickel/cobalt transporters. Cell Res 2013; 24:267-77. [PMID: 24366337 PMCID: PMC3945884 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters are multi-subunit protein complexes that mediate uptake of transition-metal ions and vitamins in about 50% of the prokaryotes, including bacteria and archaea. Biological and structural studies have been focused on ECF transporters for vitamins, but the molecular mechanism by which ECF systems transport metal ions from the environment remains unknown. Here we report the first crystal structure of a NikM, TtNikM2, the substrate-binding component (S component) of an ECF-type nickel transporter from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis. In contrast to the structures of the vitamin-specific S proteins with six transmembrane segments (TSs), TtNikM2 possesses an additional TS at its N-terminal region, resulting in an extracellular N-terminus. The highly conserved N-terminal loop inserts into the center of TtNikM2 and occludes a region corresponding to the substrate-binding sites of the vitamin-specific S components. Nickel binds to NikM via its coordination to four nitrogen atoms, which are derived from Met1, His2 and His67 residues. These nitrogen atoms form an approximately square-planar geometry, similar to that of the metal ion-binding sites in the amino-terminal Cu(2+)- and Ni(2+)-binding (ATCUN) motif. Replacements of residues in NikM contributing to nickel coordination compromised the Ni-transport activity. Furthermore, systematic quantum chemical investigation indicated that this geometry enables NikM to also selectively recognize Co(2+). Indeed, the structure of TtNikM2 containing a bound Co(2+) ion has almost no conformational change compared to the structure that contains a nickel ion. Together, our data reveal an evolutionarily conserved mechanism underlying the metal selectivity of EcfS proteins, and provide insights into the ion-translocation process mediated by ECF transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yu
- 1] MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingze Zhou
- 1] MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Franziska Kirsch
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie/Mikrobiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Congqiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Zhang
- 1] MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Na Wang
- 1] MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Thomas Eitinger
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie/Mikrobiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maojun Yang
- 1] MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Melino S, Santone C, Di Nardo P, Sarkar B. Histatins: salivary peptides with copper(II)- and zinc(II)-binding motifs. FEBS J 2013; 281:657-72. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Italy
| | - Celeste Santone
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Italy
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Italy
| | - Bibudhendra Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Structure and Function; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
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Miyamoto T, Kamino S, Odani A, Hiromura M, Enomoto S. Basicity of N-Terminal Amine in ATCUN Peptide Regulates Stability Constant of Albumin-like Cu2+ Complex. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | | | - Akira Odani
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | | | - Shuichi Enomoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
- Next-generation Imaging Team, RIKEN-CLST
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Bellomaria A, Barbato G, Melino G, Paci M, Melino S. Recognition mechanism of p63 by the E3 ligase Itch: novel strategy in the study and inhibition of this interaction. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3638-48. [PMID: 22935697 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The HECT-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch mediates the degradation of several proteins, including p63 and p73, involved in cell specification and fate. Itch contains four WW domains, which are essential for recognition on the target substrate, which contains a short proline-rich sequence. Several signaling complexes containing these domains have been associated with human diseases such as muscular dystrophy, Alzheimer's or Huntington's diseases. To gain further insight into the structural determinants of the Itch-WW2 domain, we investigated its interaction with p63. We assigned, by 3D heteronuclear NMR experiments, the backbone and side chains of the uniformly (13)C-(15)N-labeled Itch-WW2. In vitro interaction of Itch-WW2 domain with p63 was studied using its interactive p63 peptide, pep63. Pep63 is an 18-mer peptide corresponding to the region from 534-551 residue of p63, encompassing the PPxY motif that interacts with the Itch-WW domains, and we identified the residues involved in this molecular recognition. Moreover, here, a strategy of stabilization of the conformation of the PPxY peptide has been adopted, increasing the WW-ligand binding. We demonstrated that cyclization of pep63 leads to an increase of both the biological stability of the peptide and of the WW-ligand complex. Stable metal-binding complexes of the pep63 have been also obtained, and localized oxidative damage on Itch-WW2 domain has been induced, demonstrating the possibility of use of metal-pep63 complexes as models for the design of metal drugs to inhibit the Itch-WW-p63 recognition in vivo. Thus, our data suggest a novel strategy to study and inhibit the recognition mechanism of Itch E3-ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bellomaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Nepravishta R, Polizio F, Paci M, Melino S. A metal-binding site in the RTN1-C protein: new perspectives on the physiological role of a neuronal protein. Metallomics 2012; 4:480-7. [PMID: 22522967 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20035j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Reticulon 1-C (RTN1-C) is an ER-associated neuronal protein characterized by horse-shoe-like topology with two transmembrane helices and the N- and C-terminal regions which are supposed in the cytosolic side of ER. The physiological role of this protein is not completely clarified, but several studies have suggested its involvement in the neuronal differentiation, membrane vesicle trafficking and induction of apoptosis. The C-terminal region of RTN1-C is characterized by the presence of a H4 histone consensus sequence that makes it able to interact with nucleic acids and HDAC enzymes both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study a potential metal ion binding motif (HxE/D) at the C-terminal of the RTN1-C has been identified and its capability to bind metals investigated by UV-vis, CD, multidimensional NMR spectroscopy and biological assays. The results suggest a possible implication of the metal ions in the mechanisms of formation of the recently observed RTNs multiprotein complexes contributing to understand the structure and function of this neuronal membrane protein, suggesting a possible effect of the metal binding property on its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridvan Nepravishta
- Department of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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The spin label amino acid TOAC and its uses in studies of peptides: chemical, physicochemical, spectroscopic, and conformational aspects. Biophys Rev 2012; 4:45-66. [PMID: 22347893 PMCID: PMC3271205 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-011-0064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We review work on the paramagnetic amino acid 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-N-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid, TOAC, and its applications in studies of peptides and peptide synthesis. TOAC was the first spin label probe incorporated in peptides by means of a peptide bond. In view of the rigid character of this cyclic molecule and its attachment to the peptide backbone via a peptide bond, TOAC incorporation has been very useful to analyze backbone dynamics and peptide secondary structure. Many of these studies were performed making use of EPR spectroscopy, but other physical techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, CD, fluorescence, NMR, and FT-IR, have been employed. The use of double-labeled synthetic peptides has allowed the investigation of their secondary structure. A large number of studies have focused on the interaction of peptides, both synthetic and biologically active, with membranes. In the latter case, work has been reported on ligands and fragments of GPCR, host defense peptides, phospholamban, and β-amyloid. EPR studies of macroscopically aligned samples have provided information on the orientation of peptides in membranes. More recent studies have focused on peptide–protein and peptide–nucleic acid interactions. Moreover, TOAC has been shown to be a valuable probe for paramagnetic relaxation enhancement NMR studies of the interaction of labeled peptides with proteins. The growth of the number of TOAC-related publications suggests that this unnatural amino acid will find increasing applications in the future.
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40
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Nickel and copper complexes with few amide-based macrocyclic and open-chain ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kurowska E, Bonna A, Goch G, Bal W. Salivary histatin-5, a physiologically relevant ligand for Ni(II) ions. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1220-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hsu JC, Lin LC, Tzen JTC, Chen JY. Characteristics of the antitumor activities in tumor cells and modulation of the inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells of a novel antimicrobial peptide, chrysophsin-1, from the red sea bream (Chrysophrys major). Peptides 2011; 32:900-10. [PMID: 21349308 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide, chrysophsin-1, exhibits antimicrobial activities with similar efficiencies for both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we examined the antitumor activity and modulation of the inflammatory response of a synthetic chrysophsin-1 peptide. In vitro results showed that chrysophsin-1 had greater inhibitory effects against human fibrosarcoma (HT-1080), histiocytic lymphoma (U937), and epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cells. LDH release by HeLa cells was comparable to that of an MTS assay after treatment with 1.5-3 μg/ml chrysophsin-1 for 24h. Under SEM and TEM observations, we found no intact cell membranes after chrysophsin-1 treatment of HeLa cells for 8h. The suggested mechanism of the cytotoxic activity of chrysophsin-1 was disruption of cancer cell membranes. In addition, we also examined caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities by Western blotting; the results excluded the participation of apoptosis in chrysophsin-1's effect on HeLa cells. Stimulation by lipopolysaccharide induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α which was able to modulate chrysophsin-1 treatment of RAW264.7 cells and inhibited endogenous TNF-α release but did not block its secretion. With data from this study, we demonstrate that chrysophsin-1 has antimicrobial and antitumor activities and modulates the inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chieh Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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43
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Maisetta G, Petruzzelli R, Brancatisano FL, Esin S, Vitali A, Campa M, Batoni G. Antimicrobial activity of human hepcidin 20 and 25 against clinically relevant bacterial strains: effect of copper and acidic pH. Peptides 2010; 31:1995-2002. [PMID: 20713108 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin 25 (hep-25) is a peptide primarily produced by human liver with a central role in iron homeostasis. Its isoform, hepcidin 20 (hep-20), has an unknown function and lacks the first five aminoacids of the amino-terminal portion. This sequence is crucial for iron regulation by hep-25 and contains a molecular motif able to bind metals. Aim of this study, was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of both peptides in vitro, against a wide range of bacterial clinical isolates and in different experimental conditions. Although both peptides were found to be bactericidal against a variety of clinical isolates with different antibiotic resistance profiles, hep-20 was active at lower concentrations than hep-25, in most of the cases. Killing kinetics, carried on in sodium-phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, demonstrated that bactericidal activity occurred not earlier than 30-90 min of incubation. Bactericidal activity of hep-25 was slightly enhanced in the presence of copper, while the same metal did not affect the activity of hep-20. Interestingly, bactericidal activity of both hepcidins was highly enhanced at acidic pH. Acidic pH (pH 5.0 and 6.6) not only reduced the microbicidal concentrations of hepcidins, but also shortened the killing times of both peptides, as compared to pH 7.4. Combining hep-20 and hep-25 at pH 5.0 a bactericidal effect could be obtained at very low concentrations of both peptides. These results render hepcidins interesting for the design of new drugs for the treatment of infections occurring in body districts with physiologic acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Biotecnologie Mediche, Infettivologia ed Epidemiologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Munteanu CR, Vázquez JM, Dorado J, Sierra AP, Sánchez-González Á, Prado-Prado FJ, González-Díaz H. Complex Network Spectral Moments for ATCUN Motif DNA Cleavage: First Predictive Study on Proteins of Human Pathogen Parasites. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:5219-28. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian R. Munteanu
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Computer Science Faculty, University of A Coruña, Campus de Elviña, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782
| | - José M. Vázquez
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Computer Science Faculty, University of A Coruña, Campus de Elviña, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782
| | - Julián Dorado
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Computer Science Faculty, University of A Coruña, Campus de Elviña, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782
| | - Alejandro Pazos Sierra
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Computer Science Faculty, University of A Coruña, Campus de Elviña, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782
| | - Ángeles Sánchez-González
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Computer Science Faculty, University of A Coruña, Campus de Elviña, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782
| | - Francisco J. Prado-Prado
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Computer Science Faculty, University of A Coruña, Campus de Elviña, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782
| | - Humberto González-Díaz
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Computer Science Faculty, University of A Coruña, Campus de Elviña, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur, 15782
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Tay WM, Hanafy AI, Angerhofer A, Ming LJ. A plausible role of salivary copper in antimicrobial activity of histatin-5--metal binding and oxidative activity of its copper complex. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6709-12. [PMID: 19846304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Histatin-5 (Hn5) is an antimicrobial salivary peptide of 24 amino acids. Two specific metal-binding sites were revealed with electronic, NMR, and EPR spectroscopy. The complex Cu(2)(II)-Hn5 effectively oxidizes catechol, exhibiting enzyme-like kinetics (k(cat)=0.011 and 0.060 s(-1) and k(cat)/K(m)=19 and 50 M(-1)s(-1) without and with 12.8mM H(2)O(2), respectively). The significant oxidative activity may contribute to the biological activity of this antibiotic metallopeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Tay
- Department of Chemistry and MBIG, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5250, USA
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46
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Sun X, Salih E, Oppenheim FG, Helmerhorst EJ. Kinetics of histatin proteolysis in whole saliva and the effect on bioactive domains with metal-binding, antifungal, and wound-healing properties. FASEB J 2009; 23:2691-701. [PMID: 19339663 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-131045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the rate and mode of degradation of individual histatin proteins in whole saliva to establish the impact on its functional domains. Pure synthetic histatins 1, 3, and 5 were incubated with whole saliva supernatant as the enzyme source, and peptides in the resultant digests were separated by reverse-phase-HPLC and structurally characterized by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The overall V(max)/K(m) ratios, a measure of proteolytic efficiency, were on the order of histatin-5 > histatin-3 > histatin-1. Mathematical models predict that histatins 1, 3, and 5 levels in whole saliva stabilize at 5.1, 1.9, and 1.2 microM, representing 59, 27, and 11% of glandular histatins 1, 3, and 5 levels, respectively. Monitoring of the appearance and disappearance of histatin fragments yielded the identification of the first targeted enzymatic cleavage sites as K(13) and K(17) in histatin 1, R(22), Y(24), and R(25) in histatin 3, and Y(10), K(11), R(12), K(13), H(15), E(16), K(17), and H(18) in histatin 5. The data indicate that metal-binding, antifungal, and wound-healing domains are largely unaffected by the primary cleavage events in whole saliva, suggesting a sustained functional activity of these proteins in the proteolytic environment of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Sun
- Dept. of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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47
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Melino S, Nepravishta R, Bellomaria A, Di Marco S, Paci M. Nucleic acid binding of the RTN1-C C-terminal region: toward the functional role of a reticulon protein. Biochemistry 2009; 48:242-53. [PMID: 19140693 DOI: 10.1021/bi801407w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RTN1-C protein is a membrane protein localized in the ER and expressed in the nervous system. Its biological role is still unclear, although interactions of the N-terminal region of RTN1-C with proteins involved in vesicle trafficking have been observed, but the role of the C-terminal region of this family protein remains to be investigated. By a homology analysis of the amino acid sequence, we identified in the C-terminal region of RTN1-C a unique consensus sequence characteristic of H4 histone protein. Thus, a 23-mer peptide (RTN1-C(CT)) corresponding to residues 186-208 of RTN1-C was synthesized, and its conformation and its interaction with nucleic acids were investigated. Here we demonstrate the strong ability of RTN1-C(CT) peptide to bind and condense the nucleic acids using electrophoretic and spectroscopic techniques. To determine if the binding of RTN1-C to nucleic acids could be regulated in vivo by an acetylation-deacetylation mechanism, as for the histone proteins, we studied the interaction of RTN1-C with one zinc-dependent histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme, HDAC8, with fluorescence and kinetic techniques using an acetylated form of RTN1-C(CT). The results reported here allow us to propose that the nucleic acid binding property of RTN1-C may have an important role in the biological function of this protein, the function of which could be regulated by an acetylation-deacetylation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melino
- Department of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Jin Y, Lewis MA, Gokhale NH, Long EC, Cowan JA. Influence of Stereochemistry and Redox Potentials on the Single- and Double-Strand DNA Cleavage Efficiency of Cu(II)· and Ni(II)·Lys-Gly-His-Derived ATCUN Metallopeptides. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8353-61. [PMID: 17552522 DOI: 10.1021/ja0705083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The DNA cleavage chemistry of a series of metallopeptides based on the amino-terminal Cu and Ni (ATCUN) binding motif of proteins has been studied. Specifically, the impact of the positioning of charged Lys side chains and their stereochemistry on metal reduction potentials and DNA cleavage reactivity have been quantitatively evaluated. Both Cu and Ni metallopeptides show a general increase in reactivity toward DNA with an increasing number of Lys residues, while a corresponding decrease in complex reduction potential reflects the enhanced sigma-donor character of the Lys side chain relative to that of Gly. Placement of Lys at the first position in the tripeptide ligand sequence resulted in a greater increase in DNA cleavage reactivity, relative to placement at the second position, while a switch from an l-Lys to a d-Lys typically resulted in enhanced reactivity, as well as perturbations of reduction potential. In the case of Cu peptides, reactivity was enhanced with both increasing positive charge density on the peptide and stabilization of the Cu3+ state. However, for Ni peptides, while the general trends are the same, the correlation with redox behavior was less pronounced. Most likely these differences in specific trends for the Cu and Ni complexes reflect the distinct coordination preferences for Cu3+/2+ and Ni3+/2+ oxidation states, and the consequent distinct positioning of metal-associated reactive oxygen species, as well as the orientation of the DNA-associated complex. Thus, the amino acid composition and stereochemistry of ATCUN metallopeptides can tune the intrinsic reactivities of these systems (their ability to promote formation and activity of metal-associated ROS) as well as their overall structural features, and both of these aspects appear to influence their reactivity and efficiency of DNA strand scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Evans Laboratory of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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