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Rai RK, Angelis AD, Greenwood A, Opella SJ, Cotten ML. Metal-ion Binding to Host Defense Peptide Piscidin 3 Observed in Phospholipid Bilayers by Magic Angle Spinning Solid-state NMR. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:295-301. [PMID: 30471190 PMCID: PMC6494093 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of the innate immune system. They have attracted interest as novel compounds with the potential to treat infections associated with multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this study, we investigate piscidin 3 (P3), an AMP that was first discovered in the mast cells of hybrid striped bass. Prior studies showed that P3 is less active than its homolog piscidin 1 (P1) against planktonic bacteria. However, P3 has the advantage of being less toxic to mammalian cells and more active on biofilms and persister cells. Both P1 and P3 cross bacterial membranes and co-localize with intracellular DNA but P3 is more condensing to DNA while P1 is more membrane active. Recently, we showed that both peptides coordinate Cu2+ through an amino-terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) motif. We also demonstrated that the bactericidal effects of P3 are linked to its ability to form radicals that nick DNA in the presence of Cu2+ . Since metal binding and membrane crossing by P3 is biologically important, we apply in this study solid-state NMR spectroscopy to uniformly 13 C-15 N-labeled peptide samples to structurally characterize the ATCUN motif of P3 bound to bilayers and coordinated to Ni2+ and Cu2+ . These experiments are supplemented with density functional theory calculations. Taken together, these studies refine the arrangement of not only the backbone but also side chain atoms of an AMP simultaneously bound to metal ions and phospholipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Kumar Rai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0307 (USA)
| | - Anna De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0307 (USA)
| | - Alexander Greenwood
- Department of Applied Science, Department of Physics The College of William and Mary Williamsburg, VA 23185 (USA), Fax: (757)-221-2050,
| | - Stanley J. Opella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0307 (USA)
| | - Myriam L. Cotten
- Department of Applied Science, Department of Physics The College of William and Mary Williamsburg, VA 23185 (USA), Fax: (757)-221-2050,
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Viswan A, Singh C, Rai RK, Azim A, Sinha N, Baronia AK. Metabolomics based predictive biomarker model of ARDS: A systemic measure of clinical hypoxemia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187545. [PMID: 29095932 PMCID: PMC5667881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in ventilator technologies, lung supportive and rescue therapies, the outcome and prognostication in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains incremental and ambiguous. Metabolomics is a potential insightful measure to the diagnostic approaches practiced in critical disease settings. In our study patients diagnosed with mild and moderate/severe ARDS clinically governed by hypoxemic P/F ratio between 100-300 but with indistinct molecular phenotype were discriminated employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics of mini bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (mBALF). Resulting biomarker prototype comprising six metabolites was substantiated highlighting ARDS susceptibility/recovery. Both the groups (mild and moderate/severe ARDS) showed distinct biochemical profile based on 83.3% classification by discriminant function analysis and cross validated accuracy of 91% using partial least squares discriminant analysis as major classifier. The predictive performance of narrowed down six metabolites were found analogous with chemometrics. The proposed biomarker model consisting of six metabolites proline, lysine/arginine, taurine, threonine and glutamate were found characteristic of ARDS sub-stages with aberrant metabolism observed mainly in arginine, proline metabolism, lysine synthesis and so forth correlating to diseased metabotype. Thus NMR based metabolomics has provided new insight into ARDS sub-stages and conclusively a precise biomarker model proposed, reflecting underlying metabolic dysfunction aiding prior clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Viswan
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A. P. J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratan Kumar Rai
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Afzal Azim
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Baronia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh AK, Gajiwala AL, Rai RK, Khan MP, Singh C, Barbhuyan T, Vijayalakshmi S, Chattopadhyay N, Sinha N, Kumar A, Bellare JR. Cross-correlative 3D micro-structural investigation of human bone processed into bone allografts. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 62:574-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Singh C, Rai RK, Kayastha AM, Sinha N. Ultra fast magic angle spinning solid - state NMR spectroscopy of intact bone. Magn Reson Chem 2016; 54:132-135. [PMID: 26352739 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultra fast magic angle spinning (MAS) has been a potent method to significantly average out homogeneous/inhomogeneous line broadening in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy. It has given a new direction to ssNMR spectroscopy with its different applications. We present here the first and foremost application of ultra fast MAS (~60 kHz) for ssNMR spectroscopy of intact bone. This methodology helps to comprehend and elucidate the organic content in the intact bone matrix with resolution and sensitivity enhancement. At this MAS speed, amino protons from organic part of intact bone start to appear in (1) H NMR spectra. The experimental protocol of ultra-high speed MAS for intact bone has been entailed with an additional insight achieved at 60 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ratan Kumar Rai
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Arvind M Kayastha
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
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Abstract
Bone is one of the most intriguing biomaterials found in nature consisting of bundles of collagen helixes, hydroxyapatite, and water, forming an exceptionally tough, yet lightweight material. We present here an experimental tool to map water-dependent subtle changes in triple helical assembly of collagen protein in its absolute native environment. Collagen being the most abundant animal protein has been subject of several structural studies in last few decades, mostly on an extracted, overexpressed, and synthesized form of collagen protein. Our method is based on a (1)H detected solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) experiment performed on native collagen protein inside intact bone matrix. Recent development in (1)H homonuclear decoupling sequences has made it possible to observe specific atomic resolution in a large complex system. The method consists of observing a natural-abundance two-dimensional (2D) (1)H/(13)C heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) and(1)H double quantum-single quantum (DQ-SQ) correlation ssNMR experiment. The 2D NMR experiment maps three-dimensional assembly of native collagen protein and shows that extracted form of collagen protein is significantly different from protein in the native state. The method also captures native collagen subtle changes (of the order of ∼1.0 Å) due to dehydration and H/D exchange, giving an experimental tool to map small changes. The method has the potential to be of wide applicability to other collagen containing biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Kumar Rai
- Centre of Biomedical Research , SGPGIMS Campus, Raibarelly Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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Singh C, Rai RK, Azim A, Sinha N, Baronia AK. Search for biomarkers in critically ill patients: a new approach based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of mini-bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Crit Care 2014; 18:594. [PMID: 25672613 PMCID: PMC4237762 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Singh C, Rai RK, Aussenac F, Sinha N. Direct Evidence of Imino Acid-Aromatic Interactions in Native Collagen Protein by DNP-Enhanced Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:4044-4048. [PMID: 26276492 DOI: 10.1021/jz502081j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amino acids (AAAs) have rare presence (∼1.4% abundance of Phe) inside of collagen protein, which is the most abundant animal protein playing a functional role in skin, bone, and connective tissues. The role of AAAs is very crucial and has been debated. We present here experimental results depicting interaction of AAAs with imino acids in a native collagen protein sample. The interaction is probed by solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy experiments such as (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) performed on a native collagen sample. The natural abundance (13)C spectrum was obtained by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) sensitivity enhancement coupled with ssNMR, providing ∼30-fold signal enhancement. Our results also open up new avenues of probing collagen structure/dynamics closest to the native state by ssNMR experiments coupled with DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- †Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow 226014, India
- §School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ratan Kumar Rai
- †Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Fabien Aussenac
- ‡Bruker Biospin, 34 Rue Industrie, 67160 Wissembourg, France
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- †Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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Tulachan B, Meena SK, Rai RK, Mallick C, Kusurkar TS, Teotia AK, Sethy NK, Bhargava K, Bhattacharya S, Kumar A, Sharma RK, Sinha N, Singh SK, Das M. Electricity from the silk cocoon membrane. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5434. [PMID: 24961354 PMCID: PMC4069722 DOI: 10.1038/srep05434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk cocoon membrane (SCM) is an insect engineered structure. We studied the electrical properties of mulberry (Bombyx mori) and non-mulberry (Tussar, Antheraea mylitta) SCM. When dry, SCM behaves like an insulator. On absorbing moisture, it generates electrical current, which is modulated by temperature. The current flowing across the SCM is possibly ionic and protonic in nature. We exploited the electrical properties of SCM to develop simple energy harvesting devices, which could operate low power electronic systems. Based on our findings, we propose that the temperature and humidity dependent electrical properties of the SCM could find applications in battery technology, bio-sensor, humidity sensor, steam engines and waste heat management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindan Tulachan
- Bioelectricity, Green Energy, Physiology & Sensor Group, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sunil Kumar Meena
- Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ratan Kumar Rai
- Center for Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Chandrakant Mallick
- Bioelectricity, Green Energy, Physiology & Sensor Group, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
| | - Tejas Sanjeev Kusurkar
- Bioelectricity, Green Energy, Physiology & Sensor Group, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
| | - Arun Kumar Teotia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering & Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sethy
- Peptide and Proteomics Unit, Defense Institute Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research Development Organization, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Kalpana Bhargava
- Peptide and Proteomics Unit, Defense Institute Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research Development Organization, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Shantanu Bhattacharya
- Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering & Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
| | | | - Neeraj Sinha
- Center for Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Functional Materials Group, Solid State Physics Laboratory, Defense Research Development Organization, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Mainak Das
- Bioelectricity, Green Energy, Physiology & Sensor Group, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
- Design Program, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
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9
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Rai RK, Singh MP, Srivastava C. Synthesis and characterization of Ag-Co-Ni nanowires. J Microsc 2014; 255:169-73. [PMID: 24956929 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work provides an electrodeposition-based methodology for synthesizing multicomponent nanowires containing Ag, Co and Ni atoms. Nanowire morphology was obtained by using an anodic alumina membrane with cylindrical pores of ∼ 200-nm diameter. Structural, compositional and magnetic characterization revealed that the as-synthesized nanowires adopted a core-shell microstructure. The core (axial region) contained pure Ag phase volumes with a plate-like morphology oriented perpendicular to the nanowire axis. The shell (peripheral region) contained pure Ag nanoparticles along with superparamagnetic Co and Ni rich clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Rai
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Ghosh MM, Rai RK. Coupled molecular dynamics-stochastic model for thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol based copper nanofluid. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:2752-2771. [PMID: 24734688 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A coupled molecular dynamics (MD)-stochastic simulation based model has been proposed here for the thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol (EG) based copper nanofluid. The model is based on the thermal evolution of the nanoparticles dispersed in the nanofluid which is in contact with a heat source. It is natural that the nanoparticles dispersed in the nanofluid would move randomly by Brownian motion and repeatedly collide with the heat source. During each collision the nanoparticles would extract some heat by conduction mode from the heat source and this heat would be dissipated to the base fluid during Brownian motion by a combination of conduction and microconvection mode. Thus, in addition to normal conductive heat transfer through the base fluid (EG) itself (without nanoparticles) some amount of heat is transferred by the collision of the nanoparticles with the heat source. The extent of this additional heat transfer has been estimated in the present model to estimate the enhancement in thermal conductivity of EG based copper nanofluid, as a function of volume fraction loading of nanoparticles. The prediction of the present model has been compared with the experimental data available in literature, and it has shown a reasonable agreement between the theoretical prediction and the experimental data.
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Rai RK, Barbhuyan T, Singh C, Mittal M, Khan MP, Sinha N, Chattopadhyay N. Total water, phosphorus relaxation and inter-atomic organic to inorganic interface are new determinants of trabecular bone integrity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83478. [PMID: 24386209 PMCID: PMC3875436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the living composite biomaterial having unique structural property. Presently, there is a considerable gap in our understanding of bone structure and composition in the native state, particularly with respect to the trabecular bone, which is metabolically more active than cortical bones, and is readily lost in post-menopausal osteoporosis. We used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to compare trabecular bone structure and composition in the native state between normal, bone loss and bone restoration conditions in rat. Trabecular osteopenia was induced by lactation as well as prolonged estrogen deficiency (bilateral ovariectomy, Ovx). Ovx rats with established osteopenia were administered with PTH (parathyroid hormone, trabecular restoration group), and restoration was allowed to become comparable to sham Ovx (control) group using bone mineral density (BMD) and µCT determinants. We used a technique combining (1)H NMR spectroscopy with (31)P and (13)C to measure various NMR parameters described below. Our results revealed that trabecular bones had diminished total water content, inorganic phosphorus NMR relaxation time (T1) and space between the collagen and inorganic phosphorus in the osteopenic groups compared to control, and these changes were significantly reversed in the bone restoration group. Remarkably, bound water was decreased in both osteopenic and bone restoration groups compared to control. Total water and T1 correlated strongly with trabecular bone density, volume, thickness, connectivity, spacing and resistance to compression. Bound water did not correlate with any of the microarchitectural and compression parameters. We conclude that total water, T1 and atomic space between the crystal and organic surface are altered in the trabecular bones of osteopenic rats, and PTH reverses these parameters. Furthermore, from these data, it appears that total water and T1 could serve as trabecular surrogates of micro-architecture and compression strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Kumar Rai
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Tarun Barbhuyan
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Monika Mittal
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd. Parvez Khan
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
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Singh PK, Rai RK, Alagarajan M. Addressing maternal and child health in post-conflict Afghanistan: the way forward. East Mediterr Health J 2013; 19:826-831. [PMID: 24313047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Afghanistan's maternal and child mortality rates are among the highest in the world. The country faces challenges to meet the Millennium Development Goals set for 2015 which can be attributed to multiple causes related to accessibility, affordability and availability of health-care services. This report addresses the challenges in strengthening maternal and child health care in Afghanistan, as well discussing the areas to be prioritized. In order to ensure sound maternal and child health care in Afghanistan, policy-makers must prioritize monitoring and surveillance systems, integrating maternal and child health care with rights-based family planning methods, building human resources, offering incentives (such as the provision of a conditional cash transfer to women) and promoting action-oriented, community-based interventions. On a wider scale, the focus must be to improve the health infrastructure, organizing international collaboration and expanding sources of funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Singh
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Singh C, Rai RK, Sinha N. Experimental aspect of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies of biomaterials such as bones. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2013; 54:18-25. [PMID: 23731548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy is increasingly becoming a popular technique to probe micro-structural details of biomaterial such as bone with pico-meter resolution. Due to high-resolution structural details probed by SSNMR methods, handling of bone samples and experimental protocol are very crucial aspects of study. We present here first report of the effect of various experimental protocols and handling methods of bone samples on measured SSNMR parameters. Various popular SSNMR experiments were performed on intact cortical bone sample collected from fresh animal, immediately after removal from animal systems, and results were compared with bone samples preserved in different conditions. We find that the best experimental conditions for SSNMR parameters of bones correspond to preservation at -20 °C and in 70% ethanol solution. Various other SSNMR parameters were compared corresponding to different experimental conditions. Our study has helped in finding best experimental protocol for SSNMR studies of bone. This study will be of further help in the application of SSNMR studies on large bone disease related animal model systems for statistically significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Singh C, Rai RK, Azim A, Sinha N, Baronia AK. Mini-bronchoalveolar lavage fluid can be used for biomarker identification in patients with lung injury by employing ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Crit Care 2013; 17:430. [PMID: 23635380 PMCID: PMC3672503 DOI: 10.1186/cc12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rai RK, Sinha N. Fast and accurate quantitative metabolic profiling of body fluids by nonlinear sampling of 1H–13C two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10005-11. [PMID: 23061661 DOI: 10.1021/ac302457s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have shown to be an excellent analytical tool for the identification and characterization of statistically relevant changes in low-abundance metabolites in body fluid. The advantage of 2D NMR in terms of minimized ambiguities in peak assignment, aided in metabolite identifications and comprehensive metabolic profiling comes with the cost of increased NMR data collection time; making it inconvenient choice for routine metabolic profiling. We present here a method for the reduction in NMR data collection time of 2D (1)H-(13)C NMR spectroscopy for the purpose of quantitative metabolic profiling. Our method combines three techniques; which are nonlinear sampling (NLS), forward maximum (FM) entropy reconstruction, and J-compensated quantitative heteronuclear single quantum (HSQC) (1)H-(13)C NMR spectra. We report here that approximately 22-fold reduction in 2D NMR data collection time for the body fluid samples can be achieved by this method, without any compromise in quantitative information recovery of various low abundance metabolites. The method has been demonstrated in standard mixture solution, native, and lyophilized human urine samples. Our proposed method has potential to make quantitative metabolic profiling by 2D NMR as a routine method for various metabonomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Kumar Rai
- Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, SGPGIMS Campus, Raibarelly Road Lucknow, 226014 India
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Rai RK, Tripathi P, Sinha N. Quantification of Metabolites from Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Application to Human Urine Samples. Anal Chem 2009; 81:10232-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902405z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Kumar Rai
- Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, SGPGIMS Campus, Raibarelli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Pratima Tripathi
- Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, SGPGIMS Campus, Raibarelli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, SGPGIMS Campus, Raibarelli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
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Singh P, Arya N, Tiwari P, Suman A, Rai RK, Shrivastava AK, Solomon S. Use of glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride for minimizing post-harvest physio-chemical and microbial changes responsible for sucrose losses in sugar cane. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:7176-7183. [PMID: 18662009 DOI: 10.1021/jf801394j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sugar cane is sensitive to enormous sucrose losses induced by physio-chemical and microbial changes, the severity being increased during the time lag between harvest and crushing in the mills. Minimization of the sucrose losses in the field is essential for better sugar recovery and prevention of sucrose losses. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride for their effects on the microbial counts and physio-chemical changes responsible for sucrose losses. Glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride (1000 + 250 ppm) reduced the losses in sucrose content to 7.1% as compared to the 30.8% loss in the control, thus improving the performance by 76.9%. The application of chemicals reduced the acid invertase activity (by 60%), lowered weight loss, titrable acidity, reducing sugars content, dextran, ethanol, and ethylene production and respiration rates. The application led to the reduction in the total bacterial, fungal, Leuconostoc, and yeast counts by 67.92, 51.3%, 26.08, and 51.2%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Singh
- Organic Chemistry laboratory, Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Division of Crop Production, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow 226 002, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sinha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Monklands Hospital, Monkscourt Avenue, Airdrie ML6 OJS, Scotland, UK.
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Abstract
Clostridium septicum gas gangrene (myonecrosis) is an acutely painful and rapidly fatal infection occurring in the absence of trauma. Urgent surgery is essential both to control pain and to ensure survival. Most patients who develop this infection have an underlying malignancy and clinicians should be aware of this association. We present a case of bifocal myonecrosis which to our knowledge has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Rai
- Monklands District General Hospital, Airdrie, Scotland
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Sinha RP, Kaul N, Rai RK. Operation research in delivery of health care & community welfare in Gumla District of Chhotanagpur Region, Bihar. J Acad Hosp Adm 1992; 4:43-9. [PMID: 10130938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R P Sinha
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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21
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Rai RK, Stoskopf NC. Amino acid comparisons in male sterile wheat derived fromTriticum timopheevi zhuk. cytoplasm and its fertile counterpart. Theor Appl Genet 1974; 44:124-127. [PMID: 24425430 DOI: 10.1007/bf02981924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/1973] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthers, seeds, seedlings and flag leaves of fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile (Triticum timopheevi) lines of bread wheat were examined for free and acid-hydrolyzable (bound) amino acids. Free asparagine was found to be high in anthers of the male sterile line and free proline high in anthers of the fertile line.Among the bound amino acids, proline was lower, and aspartic and glutamic acid were higher, in male sterile than in fertile anthers. Retardation of glutamic and aspartic acid conversion to proline was believed to be a cause of proline deficiency in the male sterile line.The total amount of bound amino acids was higher in anthers, seed and flag leaves of the male sterile line compared with the fertile analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Rai
- Crop Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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